Ex  Libris 

tJOILN  LYMAX  (lOX 


- 


SOLDIERS 


IN 

KING  PHILIP’S  WAR 

BEING 

A  CRITICAL  ACCOUNT  OF  THAT  WAR 


WITH 


A  CONCISE  HISTORY  OF  THE  INDIAN  WARS  OF 
NEW  ENGLAND  FROM  1620-1677 

OFFICIAL  LISTS  OF  THE  SOLDIERS  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  COLONY 
SERVING  IN  PHILIP’S  WAR,  AND  SKETCHES  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL 
OFFICERS,  COPIES  OF  ANCIENT  DOCUMENTS  AND 
RECORDS  RELATING  TO  THE  WAR 

ALSO 

LISTS  OF  THE  NARRAGANSET  GRANTEES  OF  THE  UNITED 

COLONIES 

MASSACHUSETTS,  PLYMOUTH,  AND  CONNECTICUT 

WITH  AN  APPENDIX 

THIRD  EDITION 

WITH  ADDITIONAL  APPENDIX  CONTAINING  CORRECTIONS  AND  NEW  MATERIAL 


BY 

GEORGE  MADISON  BODGE,  A.  B. 

MEMBER  OF  THE  NEW  ENGLAND  HISTORIC-GENEALOGICAL  SOCIETY,  AND  EX-CHAPLAIN 
OF  THE  MASSACHUSETTS  SOCIETY  OF  COLONIAL  WARS 

ILLUSTRATED 


BOSTON,  MASS. 

PRINTED  FOR  THE  AUTHOR 
1906 


E  &3. 6>  7 

.  - B  (b  (d^l> 


Copyright,  1896  and  1906 
BY 

GEORGE  MADISON  BODGE 


O  fc 


THK  ROCKWELL  AND  CHURCHILL  PRESS 
BOSTON 


BOSTON  COLLEGE  LIBRARY 
.CHESTNUT  HILfe,  MASS. 


TO 

MR.  JOHN  WARD  DEAN, 

AT  WHOSE  SUGGESTION  THIS  WORK  WAS  AT  FIRST  UNDERTAKEN, 
AND  TO  WHOSE  KINDLY  ADVICE  AND 
HELPFUL  INTEREST 


IS  LARGELY  DUE  ITS  MEASURE  OF  SUCCESS, 

£$te  (gofume 

IS  AFFECTIONATELY  INSCRIBED 


BY  THE  AUTHOR. 


PREFACE  TO  SECOND  EDITION. 


The  principal  purpose  of  the  author,  in  preparing  this  volume, 
has  been  the  presentation  of  a  concise  and  accurate  account  of 
the  events  of  the  Indian  wars  in  New  England,  with  lists  of  offi¬ 
cers,  soldiers,  military  committees,  scouts,  and  others  engaged 
therein,  as  full  and  correct  as  possible.  Material  has  been  drawn 
from  all  available  sources,  viz. :  The  official  records  of  the 
three  colonies,  Massachusetts,  Plymouth,  and  Connecticut  ; 
Rhode  Island,  as  a  non-combatant  community,  not  being  counted 
into  the  league.  In  addition  to  these  sources,  the  Colonial  Ar¬ 
chives  have  been  diligently  searched  for  unpublished  documents,  as 
well  as  the  Registry,  Probate,  and  Court  Records,  and  documents 
of  the  several  counties.  I  have  consulted  all  known  published 
histories  and  accounts  of  the  early  times :  Bradford,  the  Mortons, 
Prince,  and  Winthrop ;  with  diaries  and  “  personal  accounts,”  — 
like  those  published  by  Capt.  John  Mason,  Capt.  John  Under¬ 
hill,  Lieut.  Lion  Gardener,  P.  Vincent,  and  others,  together  with 
later  historians,  —  Hubbard,  the  Mathers,  father  and  son,  and 
later  yet,  and  of  less  authority,  those  like  Benjamin  Church. 
Then  again  Town  and  Church  Records,  family  bibles,  and  local 
traditions  have  all  been  noted,  and  brought  to  give  evidence. 

The  basis,  however,  of  the  main  body  of  the  work,  the  services 
of  the  soldiers  in  Philip’s  War,  is  drawn  from  the  ancient  account- 
books  of  Mr.  John  Hull,  Treasurer-at-war  of  Massachusetts 
Colony,  from  1675-1678. 

A  word  of  explanation  concerning  these  precious  old  books  may 
be  in  order  here.  In  former  times  the  books  and  papers  kept  by 
public  officers  were  retained  by  them,  at  the  close  of  their  official 
terms,  as  their  private  property.  It  is  not  known  just  how  these 
books  were  handed  down,  but  the  Journal,  the  most  important, 
was  discovered  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  Daniel  Gilbert,  Boston, 


> 


VI 


PREFACE. 


by  Mr.  Isaac  Child,  and  at  his  suggestion,  kindly  transferred 
to  the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical  Society,  about  fifty 
years  ago.  Two  Ledgers,  belonging  to  the  same  set  of  accounts, 
were  acquired  by  the  same  society  later,  and  have  since  been  pre¬ 
served  in  their  safe,  with  many  other  precious  documents.  The 
old  Journal  was  in  a  dilapidated  condition  when  found  by  Mr. 
Child,  and  the  society  employed  him  to  repair  and  index  the 
volume,  which  he  did  with  great  patience  and  skill.  Many  parts 
of  the  book  are  now  almost  illegible,  and  few  except  experts  can 
reconstruct  the  names ;  while  other  parts  are  as  plain  as  on  the 
day  of  writing.  This  Journal  contains  accounts  of  debt  and 
credit  with  everybody  who  had  any  dealing  with  the  Colony  of 
Massachusetts  in  relation  to  the  war  of  1675-78.  The  pages  of 
the  Journal,  after  the  first  and  up  to  the  fourteenth,  are  missing^ 
but  the  first  Ledger,  fortunately,  covers  these  pages  so  that  it 
is  possible  to  restore  them  entire.  The  first  accounts  show  the 
names  of  those  who  furnished  money,  means,  and  material  for 
the  war.  Then  follow  the  individual  accounts  of  the  officers, 
soldiers,  and  others  of  every  class,  who  served  the  Colony  in  this 
war,  under  the  general  account,  “  Military  Service.”  These 
credits  show  that  every  soldier,  on  presenting  himself  to  the  pay¬ 
master,  must  produce  a  certificate  of  service,  or  “debenture,” 
signed  by  his  commanding  officer.  Mr.  Hull’s  system  of  book¬ 
keeping  was  a  quaint  sort  of  “  double-entry,”  or  “  mixed-method.” 
It  was  very  exhaustive,  giving  to  every  species  of  transaction  a 
separate  ledger  account,  as  well  as  to  every  individual  mentioned 
in  the  Journal.  Some  of  these  accounts  are  very  curious  and 
suggestive,  for  instance  :  “  Bisket,”  “  Liquors,”  “  Ammunission,” 
“Wast-Coats  and  Drawers,”  “Tobaco  &  Pipes,”  “Wounded 
Men,”  “Contingencies,”  “Woolves,”  “Quakers,”  “Captives,” 
“  Distressed-Dutchmen,”  “  Scalpes,”  “  Perquisites,”  “  Queries.” 
Many  pages  are  lost  from  the  last  part  of  this  book,  while  the 
time  covered  by  the  part  left  is  much  the'most  important  of  the 
war.  The  Journal  accounts  extend  from  June  25,  1675,  to  Sep¬ 
tember  23,  1676.  The  first  Ledger,  beginning  with  the  above 
Journal,  contains  now  two-hundred  and  twenty  double  pages,  on 
which  is  posted  about  half  the  matter  in  the  Journal  accounts. 
Both  these  books  must  have  been  originally  much  larger  than  at 
present.  There  is  a  later  mixed  Journal-Ledger,  covering  the 
years  1677  and  1678,  in  part,  and  indicating  a  closing-up  of  the 


PREFACE. 


Vll 


war  accounts.  Further  explanation  is  given  on  page  446  of  this 
volume. 

In  searching  these  books  for  the  name  of  one  who  served  in  the 
Indian  war,  the  present  writer  discovered  the  importance  of  the 
accounts  in  the  matter  of  the  Indian  war  of  1675.  Every  soldier 
who  served  in  that  war  is  credited  with  military  service,  and  the 
name  of  the  officer  under  whom  or  the  garrison  at  which  he 
served  is  given  in  the  credit.  The  date  at  which  payment  is 
made  is  given  in  the  “  Cash  ”  account,  but  the  time  and  place  of 
service  is  not  designated,  nor  is  the  residence  or  any  further 
information  about  the  soldier  given.  Some  of  the  soldiers  served 
at  different  times  and  under  different  officers.  The  best  method 
therefore  of  arranging  the  men  in  companies  was  found  to  be  that 
of  following  the  names  of  the  officers  as  they  occur  in  the  credits. 
The  names  were  thus  gathered  from  the  Journal,  and  placed  in 
companies  with  their  officers.  Then  the  fortunes  of  each  com¬ 
pany  were  followed  as  carefully  as  possible  throughout  the  sev¬ 
eral  campaigns  of  the  war.  But  it  was  found  that  a  great 
amount  of  unpublished  material  is  still  preserved  in  our  State 
Archives,  County  and  Town  Records,  and  elsewhere ;  and  this, 
in  the  light  of  the  great  number  of  names  identified  in  these 
credits  as  soldiers,  becomes  available  and  interesting  as  history. 
Additional  material  has  been  gathered  and  incorporated  here 
from  all  sources,  whenever  it  would  add  to  the  sum  of  knowledge 
concerning  the  war. 

The  officers  and  soldiers,  many  of  them,  served  in  several, 
some  in  all,  the  different  campaigns  ;  and  thus,  in  following  their 
fortunes,  it  was  necessary  to  go  over  the  same  events  many  times, 
so  as  to  marshal  the  various  companies  in  order  in  the  military 
operations. 

It  will  be  seen  that  by  this  method  of  arrangement  a  great 
amount  of  important  material  has  been  massed  together  con¬ 
veniently  for  the  study  of  history,  while  the  story  of  the  war  has 
not  been  followed  by  consecutive  events,  but  according  to  the 
experience  of  individual  officers  and  companies.  This  incon¬ 
venience  has  been  obviated  by  the  preparation  of  the  Introductory 
Chapter,  which  presents  the  course  of  events  in  consecutive 
order. 

The  first  edition  of  the  work  was  published  in  1892,  and  soon 
exhausted.  By  numerous  applications  for  the  book,  and  by  the 


\mi 


PREFACE. 


advice  of  many  who  knew  the  value  of  the  work,  I  decided  to 
issue  a  second  edition,  though  this  involved  the  expense  of 
reprinting  the  volume  entire.  Contemplating  at  first  only  the 
reissue  of  the  former  work,  I  expected  that  two  months  would 
be  sufficient  time  to  complete  the  matter.  I  soon  saw,  however, 
the  opportunity  to  immensely  increase  the  value  of  the  book  bj^ 
including,  in  the  Introductory  Chapter,  an  account  of  the  Indian 
wars  of  New  England  from  the  beginning.  The  time  and  labor 
involved  in  this  addition  are  not  seen  in  the  result,  but  my 
readers  will  be  saved  much  time  and  perplexity  by  the  matter 
here  gathered. 

In  revising  and  recasting  the  former  work,  I  corrected  all  proof 
by  original  documents,  and  was  delighted  to  find  that  very  few 
corrections  were  needed.  Having  in  mind  the  new  demand  for 
critical  accuracy  imposed  by  the  growing  interest  in  American 
genealogy  and  biography,  and  especially  in  the  patriotic  societies, 
like  the  “Society  of  Colonial  Wars,”  I  have  spared  no  pains  to 
make  my  book  absolutely  correct.  I  have  tested  the  lists  of 
names,  the  dates,  and  other  matter,  from  Hull’s  accounts,  and  am 
confident  that  they  are  entirely  accurate.  I  have  realized  the 
importance  of  absolute  accuracy  here,  since  any  one  who  can 
trace  descent  from  one  of  these  who  are  credited  with  military 
service,  has  an  indisputable  claim  to  membership  in  the  above- 
named  society. 

Much  new  material  has  been  added  in  the  body  of  the  work, 
besides  the  new  chapters  at  the  end.  The  footnotes  from  the 
former  edition  have  been  mostly  embodied  in  the  text.  The  lists 
of  the  Narraganset  Grantees  have  been  collected  by  me  after  a 
diligent  research  extending  over  many  years.  The  old  Proprietors’ 
Records  are  widely  scattered,  and  several  are  in  private  hands, 
but,  with  one  exception,  my  lists  are  copied  directly  from  the 
original,  and  that  list,  —  “  Narraganset  No.  1,”  was  copied  and 
published  by  such  a  careful  hand,  and  is  so  fully  confirmed  by 
Hull’s  credits,  that  I  consider  it  of  the  highest  authority.  These 
lists  form  an  entirely  new  department,  while  logically  following 
the  previous  story  of  the  great  war  of  1675-7. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  Plymouth  and  Connecticut  Colonies 
had  treasurers’  accounts,  like  these  of  Massachusetts,  and  it  is  an 
irreparable  loss  to  history  that  none  are  found  preserved.  In 
order  to  remedy  this  defect  in  a  slight  degree  I  have  tried  to 


PREFACE. 


IX 


gather  items  relating  to  the  wars  in  those  colonies  from  every 
available  source.  The  “  Volun  town  lists”  of  Connecticut,  and 
those  of  Numbers  4  and  7  of  Massachusetts,  relating  to  Plymouth 
Colony,  will  be  found  important  additions. 

Into  the  Appendix,  as  well  as  the  “  list  of  later  credits,”  I 
have  tried  to  crowd  all  items  bearing  directly  upon  the  Indian 
wars  of  New  England,  in  order  to  make  my  volume  complete  in 
itself.  I  have  given  the  lists  of  governors  and  deputy-governors 
of  the  three  colonies  from  1620  to  1687.  The  “  triple  alliance  ” 
for  war  with  the  Indians  shut  out  the  Rhode  Island  Colony, 
“  on  doctrinal  grounds,”  so  that  she  won  no  glory  in  the  war 
save  that  which  crowns  the  “  Good  Samaritan.” 

The  Indexes  have  been  prepared  with  utmost  care  for  the 
convenience  and  help  of  the  readers,  but  no  extended  analysis 
of  the  relations  of  names  has  been  attempted.  Cross-references 
have  been  made  in  cases  where  the  relation  might  not  be  readily 
noted. 

My  new  volume  has  grown  to  nearly  one  hundred  pages 
beyond  the  first  promise  to  my  subscribers,  with  an  added 
expense  of  several  hundred  dollars  and  a  delay  of  some  six 
months.  I  am  consoled  by  the  thought  that  my  present  loss  is 
to  be  a  permanent  gain  to  my  readers. 

In  the  course  of  my  labors  I  have  received  encouragement  and 
kindly  assistance  from  many,  some  of  whose  names  are  mentioned 
in  connection  with  special  favors :  To  Mr.  John  Ward  Dean  and 
Mr.  W.  P.  Greenlaw,  of  the  New  England  Historic  Genealogical 
Society;  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green,  Mr.  Charles  J.  Hoadly,  Mr.  J.  C.  J. 
Brown,  Hon.  George  Sheldon,  Mr.  H.  E.  Waite,  Mr.  Walter  K. 
Watkins,  Capt.  Philip  Reade,  Mr.  Seymour  Morris,  Mr.  Howland 
Pell,  and  many  others,  I  wish  here  to  renew  the  assurance  of  my 
appreciation  of  their  courtesy  and  kindness.  To  the  members 
of  my  own  family,  too,  for  their  continued  patient  help,  my  word 
of  appreciation  may  properly  be  spoken  here ;  and  especially 
along  these  pages  I  shall  always  find  familiar  traces  of  the  faith¬ 
ful  “  vanished  hand  ”  of  my  beloved  daughter,  May  Alice  Bodge, 
whose  loving  earthly  service  closed  just  before  this  volume  was 
completed.  And  to  the  advance  subscribers,  who  have  responded 
with  such  ready  interest  to  my  prospectus,  I  wish  to  say  that  my 
own  satisfaction  with  the  volume  will  be  measured  largely  by 
the  satisfaction  and  help  which  they  receive  from  it. 


X 


PREFACE. 


One  other  element  of  satisfaction  will  enter  into  my  enjoyment 
of  the  completed  work :  I  have  been  able,  in  the  course  of  it,  to 
settle  some  disputed  questions  by  the  discovery  of  new  testi¬ 
mony,  to  assign  to  their  proper  places  of  honor  some  of  the  old- 
time  leaders,  and  to  do  some  measure  of  tardy  justice  to  many  a 
brave  and  true  but  long-forgotten  name,  by  summoning  again, 
from  their  two  centuries  of  oblivion,  these  dusky  battalions  of 
the  “First  American  Army,”  and  marshalling  them,  “roster, 
rank,  and  file,”  upon  the  permanent  page  of  American  history. 

GEORGE  M.  BODGE. 

Leominster,  Mass.,  August  10,  1896. 


CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTORY  CHAPTER. 

PAGE 

Giving  a  Concise  History  of  the  Indian  Wars  in 

Hew  England,  1620-1677  . 1 

CHAPTER  I. 

Beginning  of  Hostilities,  Capt.  Henchman’s  Company,  45 

CHAPTER  II. 

Capt.  Samuel  Mosely  and  his  Company  ....  59 

CHAPTER  III. 

Cavalry  Companies,  or  “  Troops,”  of  Capt.  Prentice, 

Lieut.  Oakes,  and  Capt.  Nicholas  Paige  .  .  79 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Major  Thomas  Savage,  his  Forces  and  Operations  .  87 

CHAPTER  V. 

Capts.  Thomas  Wheeler  and  Edward  Hutchinson,  at 


Brookfield . 102 

CHAPTER  YI. 

Major  Simon  Willard,  his  Military  Operations  and 

Men . 119 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Capts.  Richard  Beers,  Thomas  Lathrop,  and  their 

Companies . 127 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Major  Samuel  Appleton,  his  Operations  and  Men  .  142 


XU 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

Capt.  Isaac  Johnson  and  his  Company  . 

CHAPTER  X. 

Capt.  Joseph  Gardiner  and  his  Company 

CHAPTER  XI. 

Capt.  Nathaniel  Davenport  and  his  Company 

CHAPTER  XII. 

Capt.  James  Oliver  and  his  Company  . 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

Narraganset  Campaign  ;  The  “  Swamp  Fort  ”  Battle, 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Close  op  the  Narraganset  Campaign  ;  The  “  Hungry 
March 

CHAPTER  XV. 

Capt.  Brocklebank’s  Company  ;  Marlborough  Garrison, 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

Capt.  Samuel  Wadsworth  ;  The  Sudbury  Fight  . 

CHAPTER  XVII. 

Capt.  William  Turner;  The  Falls  Fight 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

Capts.  Jonathan  Poole,  Thomas  Brattle,  and  Com¬ 
panies  . 

CHAPTER  XIX. 

Capt.  Joseph  Sill  and  his  Company  .  .  .  . 

CHAPTER  XX. 

Various  Officers  and  Companies  .  .  .  .  . 

CHAPTER  XXI. 

Major  Richard  Walderne’s  Operations  and  Men 

CHAPTER  XXII. 

Capt.  William  Hatiiorne  and  his  Men  .... 


PAGE 

159 

164 

168 

173 

179 

199 

206 

218 

232 

258 

266 

276 

293 


318 


CONTENTS. 


xiii 


CHAPTER  XXIII.  page 

Capt.  Joshua  Scottow  and  his  Black  Point  G-arrison,  325 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 

Capts.  Benjamin  Swett  and  Michael  Peirse  .  .  .  342 

CHAPTER  XXY. 

Lancaster  and  other  Garrisons;  “Assignment  op 

Wages  ” . 351 

CHAPTER  XXYI. 

Philip,  Canonchet,  and  other  Hostile  Indians  .  .  377 

CHAPTER  XXYII. 

# 

The  “  Christian  Indians  ”  op  New  England  .  .  .  389 

CHAPTER  XXVIII. 

Narraganset  Townships,  Additional  Credits,  etc.  .  406 


APPENDIX  A. 

Additional  Matter  relating  to  the  Three  Colonies  : 

Plymouth  Colony  ........  455 

Governors,  1620-1692.  Capt.  Myles  Standish.  List  of  Cap¬ 
tains  and  Lieutenants  of  Militia.  Organization  of  Militia,  etc. 

Active  Military  Service  in  1637  and  1645.  Military  Supplies,  1645. 
Additional  Items  concerning  Philip’s  War,  in  Plymouth  Colony. 

Connecticut  Colony . 464 

Governors  and  Lieutenant-Governors,  1639-1689.  Military 
Affairs  in  Connecticut  Colony.  Lists  of  Soldiers.  First  Con¬ 
necticut  Cavalry.  Military  Officers  previous  to  and  during 
Philip’s  War.  Windsor  Troopers,  1676.  Roster  of  Officers  of 
Connecticut  Militia. 

Massachusetts  Colony  .......  469 

Governors  and  Deputy-Governors.  Earliest  Military  Affairs. 
Captains  Underhill  and  Patrick.  Arms  and  Ammunition.  Official 
Roster  of  Militia,  1630-1637.  Ancient  Manual  of  Arms.  Major- 
Generals  of  Massachusetts,  1644-1686.  Organization  of  the 
Colonial  Militia,  some  Years  previous  to  and  during  Philip’s  War. 

Capt.  Mosely’s  “  Volunteers.”  Sale  of  Indian  Captives  by  Massa¬ 


chusetts  Colony. 

Appendix  B  of  Third  Edition  with  Special  Index  .  .  481 

Index  of  Names  .........  487 

Index  of  Places  .........  500 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


PAGE 

Portrait  op  Rev.  George  M.  Bodge  .  .  .  Frontispiece 


Scene  of  Brookfield  Ambuscade,  Aug.  4,  1675  .  Facing  HI 


Indian  Assault  on  Ayres’  Inn  . 

Map,  including  Line  of  March  of  Colonial  Forces, 
Map  showing  Location  of  Great  Swamp  Fight 
Memorial  of  Great  Swamp  Fight  . 


“  112 
“  184 

«  186 
“  190 


INTRODUCTORY  CHAPTER. 


CONTAINING  A  CONCISE  HISTORY  OF  THE  INDIAN 
WARS  OF  NEW  ENGLAND  FROM  1620  TO  1677. 

THE  first  event  in  the  Indian  wars  of  New  England,  as  related 
to  its  settlement  by  our  forefathers,  occurred  on  the  8th  of 
December,  1620,  while  a  company  of  the  Pilgrims  were 
coasting  along  the  shores  towards  Plymouth  Bay,  in  their  shal¬ 
lop.  The  story  is  briefly,  but  graphically,  told  by  Nathaniel 
Morton,  for  many  years  clerk  of  the  Colony,  and  the  author  of 
what  he  called  “  New  England’s  Memorial.” 

After  relating  their  experiences  in  Cape  Cod  Harbor,  during  the 
month  of  November,  he  says : 

“  On  the  6th  of  December  they  concluded  to  send  out  their 
shallop  again  on  a  third  discovery.  The  names  of  those  who 
went  upon  this  discovery  were 

“  Mr.  John  Carver,  Mr.  William  Bradford,  Mr.  Edward  Wins¬ 
low,  Capt.  Miles  Standish,  Mr.  John  Howland,  Mr.  Richard 
Warren,  Mr.  Stephen  Hopkins,  Mr.  Edward  Tilly,  Mr.  John 
Tilly,  Mr.  Clark,  Mr.  Coppin,  John  Allerton,  Thomas  English, 
and  Edward  Doten,  with  the  master  gunner  of  the  ship,  and  three 
of  the  common  seamen.  These  set  sail  on  Wednesday,  the  sixth 
day  of  December,  1620,  intending  to  circulate  the  deep  bay  of 
Cape  Cod,  the  weather  being  very  cold,  so  as  the  spray  of  the  sea 
lighting  on  the  coats  they  were  as  if  they  had  been  glazed ;  not¬ 
withstanding,  that  night  they  got  down  into  the  bottom  of  the 
bay,  and  as  they  drew  near  the  shore,  they  saw  some  ten  or 
twelve  Indians,  and  landed  about  a  league  off  them  (but  with 
some  difficulty,  by  reason  of  the  shoals  in  that  place)  where  they 
tarried  that  night.  Next  morning  they  divided  their  company  to 
coast  along,  some  on  shore  and  some  in  the  boat,  where  they  saw 
the  Indians  had  been  the  day  before,  cutting  up  a  fish  like  a 
grampus ;  and  so  they  ranged  up  and  down  all  that  day,  but 
found  no  people,  nor  any  place  they  liked,  as  fit  for  their  settle¬ 
ment;  and  that  night,  they  on  shore  met  their  boat  at  a  certain 
creek  where  they  made  them  a  barricado  of  boughs  and  logs,  for 
their  lodging  that  night,  and,  being  weary,  betook  themselves  to 
rest. 


2 


THE  PILGRIMS’  WARS. 


“  The  next  morning  about  five  o’clock  (seeking  guidance  and 
protection  from  God  by  prayer,)  and  refreshing  themselves  in 
way  of  preparation,  to  persist  on  their  intended  expedition,  some 
of  them  carried  their  arms  down  to  the  boat,  having  laid  them 
up  in  their  coats  from  the  moisture  of  the  weather ;  but  others 
said  they  would  not  carry  theirs  until  they  went  themselves. 
But  presently,  all  on  a  sudden,  about  the  dawning  of  the  day, 
they  heard  a  great  and  strange  cry,  and  one  of  their  company 
being  on  board,  came  hastily  in  and  cried,  Indians !  Indians ! 
and  withal,  their  arrows  came  flying  amongst  them ;  on  which 
all  their  men  ran  with  speed  to  recover  their  arms  ;  as  by  God’s 
good  providence  they  did.  In  the  meantime  some  of  those  that 
were  ready,  discharged  two  muskets  at  them,  and  two  more 
stood  ready  at  the  entrance  of  their  rendezvous,  but  were  com¬ 
manded  not  to  shoot  until  they  could  take  full  aim  at  them ;  and 
the  other  two  charged  again  with  all  speed,  for  there  were  only 
four  that  had  arms  there,  and  defended  the  barricado  which  was 
first  assaulted.  The  cry  of  the  Indians  was  dreadful,  especially 
when  they  saw  the  men  run  out  of  their  rendezvous  towards  the 
shallop,  to  recover  their  arms,  the  Indians  wheeling  about  upon 
them ;  but  some  running  out  with  coats  of  mail  and  cuttle-axes 
in  their  hands,  they  soon  recovered  their  arms,  and  discharged 
amongst  them,  and  stayed  their  violence.  Notwithstanding  there 
was  a  lusty  man,  and  no  less  valiant,  stood  behind  a  tree  within 
half  a  musket  shot,  and  let  his  arrows  fly  amongst  them  ;  he  was 
seen  to  shoot  three  arrows,  which  were  all  avoided,  and  stood 
three  shot  of  musket,  until  one  taking  full  aim  at  him,  made  the 
bark  or  splinters  of  the  tree  fly  about  his  ears,  after  which  he  gave 
an  extraordinary  shriek,  and  away  they  went  all  of  them ;  and  so 
leaving  some  to  keep  the  shallop,  they  followed  them  about  a 
quarter  of  a  mile,  that  they  might  conceive  that  they  were  not 
afraid  of  them,  or  any  way  discouraged. 

“  Thus  it  pleased  God  to  vanquish  their  enemies,  and  to  give 
them  deliverance,  and  by  his  special  providence  so  to  dispose,  that 
not  any  of  them  was  either  hurt  or  hit  though  their  arrows  came 
close  by  them ;  and  sundry  of  their  coats,  which  hung  up  in  the 
barricado,  were  shot  through  and  through.  For  which  salvation 
and  deliverance  they  rendered  solemn  thanksgiving  unto  the 
Lord.” 

This  was  the  first  battle  with  the  Indians,  and  the  scene  of  it 
was  called  by  them  at  that  time  “  First  Encounter.”  This 
spot  is  in  the  present  town  of  Eastham.  They  picked  up  eigh¬ 
teen  of  the  Indian  arrows  and  sent  them  home  to  England  by 
“  Master  Jones.”  Some  of  the  arrows  were  headed  with  brass, 
some  with  hart’s  horn,  and  some  with  eagle’s  claws.  It  was 
late  at  night,  and  in  a  heavy  storm,  that  they  with  much 
difficulty  made  what  is  now  Plymouth  Harbor,  and  lay-to 
under  the  lee  of  the  Island,  which  they  named  “  Clark’s  Island,” 


THE  PILGRIMS  AND  MASSASOIT. 


3 


because  Mr.  Clark  of  their  company  was  the  first  to  step  ashore 
next  morning.  Here  they  remained  the  next  day,  and  here,  on 
the  next,  kept  the  memorable  Sabbath. 

The  following  Monday  they  explored  Plymouth  Bay  and  re¬ 
solved  on  this  locality  for  their  settlement,  and  so  returned  to 
their  ship  at  Provincetown  Harbor. 

The  Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  was  made  on  Dec.  21,  1620,  at 
the  place  known  to  the  Indians  as  Patuxit,  now  Plymouth. 

During  the  terrible  scenes  of  the  following  Winter,  the  Indians, 
from  time  to  time,  showed  themselves  at  a  long  distance  watch¬ 
ing  their  movements, but  not  troubling.  In  March,  however,  the 
famous  Samoset  came  boldly  into  their  midst  and  addressed  them 
in  broken  English.  He  made  them  understand  that  he  was  from 
the  'Eastern  part  of  the  coast,  and  had  known  certain  English 
fishermen,  from  whom  he  had  learned  the  language.  He  was 
very  friendly  and  helpful  to  the  Pilgrims  ever  afterwards,  in 
many  ways.  He  told  them  of  another  Indian,  Squanto  or  Tis- 
quanto,  of  the  tribes  near  this  place,  who  had  been  in  England, 
and  could  speak  English  better  than  himself.  Kindly  entertained 
by  the  English,  he  came  to  them  again  shortly  afterwards,  bring¬ 
ing  some  other  Indians  with  him,  and  announced  a  visit  to  be 
made  in  a  few  days  by  the  great  Sachem,  Massasoit,  who  came 
five  days  later,  with  the  above-mentioned  Squanto,  and  the  chief 
of  his  friends  and  attendants.  Massasoit  was  Sachem  of  what 
had  been  a  large  and  powerful  people,  but  now  greatly  weakened 
by  the  fearful  devastations  of  a  plague,  which  had  swept  away  a 
large  part  of  his  tribes  along  the  coast,  a  few  years  only  before 
the  English  landed  at  Plymouth.  His  residence,  at  this  time, 
was  at  Sowams,  or  Sowamset  (now  a  part  of  Barrington,  R.I.). 
His  dominion  extended  over  the  Massachusetts  tribes  as  far  as 
the  Charles  River,  and  it  is  supposed  that  the  Pawtucket  was 
the  boundary  between  his  people,  known  as  the  Wampanoags, 
and  the  Narragansets.  The  Cape  Indians  gave  him  allegiance, 
and  all  that  part  of  Rhode  Island  east  of  Narraganset  Bay.  One 
residence  of  his  was  at  Mount  Hope,  not  far  from  the  present 
city  of  Fall  River,  which  became  afterwards  the  permanent  resi¬ 
dence  of  his  son  Philip,  or  Metacom.  On  the  occasion  of  Massa- 
soit’s  visit,  a  treaty  of  peace  was  arranged  between  him  and  the 
English.  This  treaty  was  for  help  against  other  tribes  and  out¬ 
side  enemies :  a  league,  indeed,  for  natural  protection.  It  was 
the  first  treaty  ever  made  in  New  England,  and  was  the  most 
important.  The  Wampanoags,  in  their  present  weakened  condi¬ 
tion,  feared  the  power  of  the  strong  and  warlike  Narragansets,  so 
that  this  league  of  defence  was  as  necessary  to  them  as  to  the 
English ;  and  to  the  small  band  of  Pilgrims  it  meant  nothing  less 
than  their  salvation,  since  it  threw  their  frontier  fifty  miles  away 
instead  of  one,  and  united  their  interests  with  a  great  tribe,  who 
were  made  strong  by  this  league  itself.  After  this  treaty, 


4 


THE  PILGRIMS’  WARS. 


Squanto  remained  at  Plymouth  as  the  interpreter  and  counsellor 
of  the  English.  The  treaty  was  faithfully  kept  by  Massasoit 
while  he  lived.  The  dominion  properly  belonging  to  the  W am- 
panoags  was  known  as  Pokanoket. 

The  next  trouble  had  with  the  Indians,  after  this  treaty,  was 
caused  by  an  Indian  chief  named  Corbitant,  who  lived  near 
Nemasket,  now  Middleborough.  Squanto  had  been  joined  at 
Plymouth  by  another  friendly  and  influential  Indian  named 
Hobomak,  and  the  two  were  sent  out  as  agents  of  the  English, 
among  the  tribes,  to  manage  their  trade  in  fur  and  other  com¬ 
modities.  Corbitant  provoked  a  quarrel,  and  attempted  to  stab 
Hobomak,  who  escaped  to  Plymouth  and  reported  the  assault, 
and  his  fears  that  Squanto  had  been  slain.  Immediately  Capt. 
Miles  Standish  and  fourteen  men  marched  to  the  Indian  town 
and  beset  the  wigwam  of  Corbitant,  but  found  him  gone.  But 
they  found  Squanto  had  not  been  killed.  In  the  attack  upon 
Corbitant’s  wigwam,  two  or  three  of  the  natives  were  unin¬ 
tentionally  wounded,  and  these  were  brought  to  Plymouth,  and 
kindly  cared  for  by  the  English.  After  this,  several  of  the  sur¬ 
rounding  chiefs  came  in  and  declared  their  friendship,  and 
Corbitant  himself,  through  Massasoit,  sought  to  make  peace  with 
them.  In  September  of  this  year  (1621)  a  shallop  was  fitted 
out  with  ten  men,  and  Squanto  as  guide  and  interpreter,  and 
explored  Massachusetts  Bay  along  the  shores  of  Dorchester, 
Boston,  and  the  peninsula  between  the  Mystic  and  the  Charles 
Rivers.  They  were  welcomed  to  this  vicinity  by  Obbatinewat, 
the  Sagamore  of  Shawmut.  He  accompanied  them  across  the 
Charles  River,  and  they  tried  to  find  the  Squaw-Sachem  of  the 
remnants  of  the  Massachusetts  tribes,  widow  of  the  great  Sachem, 
Nanepashemet,  but  were  unsuccessful. 

During  November,  1621,  a  messenger  came  from  the  Narra- 
gansets,  bearing  a  challenge  to  war,  as  Squanto  explained  it,  — 
a  snake-skin  filled  with  arrows.  For  answer,  Gov.  Bradford 
filled  the  snake-skin  with  powder  and  bullets  and  sent  it  back  to 
the  Sachem,  Canonicus,  with  the  word  that  he  was  ready  for 
either  war  or  peace.  Then  the  Pilgrims  fortified  their  houses 
with  palisades  and  set  a  guard  at  night,  and  arranged  their 
fighting  force  in  order  for  defence.  During  the  Summer  of  1622 
they  built  a  timber  fort,  “  strong  and  comely,  with  flat  roof  and 
battlements ;  ”  upon  this,  ordnance  was  mounted,  and  a  watch 
kept.  The  fort  also  served  as  a  place  of  worship.  The 
“  unruly  ”  company,  which  came  in  Robert  Cushman’s  ship,  in 
1621,  and  had  lived  upon  the  hospitality  of  the  Pilgrims  through 
the  Winter  and  Spring,  reducing  their  Colony  to  the  verge  of  a 
famine,  went  away  in  August,  to  form  a  new  plantation  at  a  place 
since  called  Weymouth,  under  the  grant  to  Mr.  Thomas  Weston. 
These  colonists  proved  to  be  an  indolent  and  wayward  set, 
abused  the  confidence  of  the  Indians,  and  finally  caused  a 


CAPT.  STANDISH  AT  WEYMOUTH. 


5 


threatened  outbreak,  which  rumor  haying  come  to  the  ears  of 
the  Governor,  by  a  message  from  Massasoit,  by  Hobomak,  Capt. 
Miles  Standish,  with  a  company  of  eight  men,  with  Hobomak  as 
guide,  —  for  he  would  not  excite  the  suspicions  of  the  Indians 
with  a  larger  company,  —  marched  to  Wessaguscus'(Weymouth), 
whence  a  certain  Phineas  Prat  had  fled,  half  famished,  and  disclosed 
a  pitiful  story  of  the  destitution  of  Mr.  Weston’s  colony.  Capt. 
Standish  found  these  men  in  great  suffering,  but  not  suspecting 
any  plot  of  the  Indians.  Hobomak  had  discovered  that  the  gen¬ 
eral  assault  upon  the  settlers  was  to  be  begun  here  upon  the 
weakened  and  helpless  men  of  Wessaguscus,  and  then  this  should 
be  the  signal  for  a  general  attack  of  all  the  tribes  in  the  league, 
no  less  than  seven  distinct  tribes  being  in  the  plot. 

Soon  after  the  arrival  of  the  Captain  and  his  men,  an  Indian 
came  into  the  settlement  as  if  for  trade,  and  soon  went  away 
without  molestation;  but  the  Captain  suspected  that  he  knew 
the  purpose  of  their  coming.  Soon  after,  Peksuot,  a  chief  of 
bold  spirit,  came  in  and  told  Hobomak  that  he  understood  that 
Capt.  Standish  had  come  to  kill  him  and  the  rest  of  the 
Indians  there,  and  dared  him  to  begin.  Then  Wittuwamet  and 
other  Indians,  in  increasing  numbers,  began  to  come  amongst 
them,  growing  more  and  more  insulting,  flourishing  their  knives 
and  boasting  of  their  strength.  Finally,  after  bearing  with  their 
insults  a  long  time,  the  Captain  and  his  men  managed  to  get 
Peksuot  and  Wittuwamet  into  a  room  together,  with  a  few 
others,  and  then  made  a  sudden  attack  upon  them,  disarmed  and 
killed  them,  Peksuot  being  slain  with  his  own  knife,  in  the  hands 
of  the  Captain,  and  Wittuwamet  by  the  others.  They  then 
gave  orders  to  Weston’s  men  to  kill  the  Indians  with  them,  of 
whom  they  killed  two.  Then  the  Captain  and  his  men  began  a 
general  hunt  for  all  Indians  about,  intending  to  make  a  sweep 
of  all;  but  the  Indians,  getting  news  of  the  intention,  fled. 
Winslow  and  Standish  have  been  blamed  for  this  sanguinary 
performance,  but  it  was  probably  a  question  of  killing  or  being 
killed,  with  them. 

The  English  believed  that  for  their  own  safety  they  must  try 
to  strike  terror  to  the  tribes,  so  they  set  the  head  of  Wittuwamet 
upon  the  battlements  of  their  block-house.  The  terror  inspired 
by  the  English  guns  was  so  great,  that  many  of  the  Indians  fled 
into  the  swamps  and  woods,  and  many  perished  from  cold  and 
hunger,  in  their  wanderings. 

However  harsh  these  measures  may  appear  to  us  now,  we  have 
to  remember  the  precarious  situation  in  which  the  Pilgrims  were 
placed,  —  a  small  hamlet  on  the  shore  of  a  vast  unknown  wilder¬ 
ness,  with  countless  hosts  of  savages  swarming  about,  and  only 
restrained  by  a  wholesome  fear  of  the  English  firearms  and  the 
sturdy  courage  of  Standish  and  his  “men-at-arms.”  The  Pil¬ 
grims  themselves  had  hitherto  treated  all  Indians  who  came  in 


6 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


a  friendly  manner,  with  kindness  and  justice.  The  roystering 
sailors,  who  had  spent  a  Winter  in  the  Colony,  and  the  unruly 
elements  of  Weston’s  men,  had  cajoled,  cheated,  quarrelled  with, 
and  abused  the  Indians  who  came  to  trade,  and  those  Indians, 
who  were  jealous  of  Hobomak  and  Squanto  and  Massasoit,  took 
these  occasions  to  organize  a  revolt,  by  which  there  was  good 
evidence  to  show  that  they  meant  the  total  destruction  of  the 
English  settlements.  Wary  and  prompt  action  was  a  necessity 
at  that  time.  The  event  proved  the  strategic  wisdom  of  the 
action,  however  unchristian  it  seems ;  for  such  dread  of  the 
English,  and  respect  for  their  prowess,  was  inspired,  that  for 
many  years  there  were  no  notable  revolts  of  the  neighboring 
Indians. 

The  Pequod  Indians  caused  the  next  trouble  for  the  Colonies, 
and  at  one  time  seemed  so  formidable  as  to  threaten  their  de¬ 
struction.  The  Massachusetts  Colony  had  been  founded  in 
1630,  and  other  flourishing  plantations  had  been  established  at 
Salem  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Boston.  The  Dutch  had  settled 
at  Manhattan,  and  made  some  attempts  on  the  lower  Connecticut 
River.  In  a  few  years  Massachusetts  had  grown  to  be  recog¬ 
nized  as  the  leading  Colony.  In  1634  the  Pequod  Indians  first 
began  to  be  troublesome.  Thejr  were  a  strong  and  warlike  tribe, 
who  had  come  down  the  Connecticut  River,  years  before,  and 
seized  upon  the  best  lands  at  its  lower  parts.  They  had,  with 
great  cruelty,  driven  out  the  original  tribes,  and  planted  their 
principal  town  on  the  river,  “  twelve  miles  to  the  Eastward  of  the 
Connecticut  River,”  which  from  them  took  the  name  of  the 
“Pequod  River.”  They  had  committed  depredations  upon 
the  Dutch,  and  were  at  war  with  the  great  Narraganset  nation. 
The  Sachems  of  the  Pequods  were  Tatobam,  and  afterwards 
Sassacus ;  and  of  the  Narragansets,  Canonicus  and  Miantonomo. 
The  first  overt  act  against  the  English  was  the  killing  of  Capt. 
John  Stone,  whose  vessel  was  coasting  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  in  1634.  Capt.  Stone  was  formerly  of  the 
West  Indies,  but  was  known,  rather  unfavorably,  both  at  Plym¬ 
outh  and  Boston.  He  had  committed  some  outrage  against  the 
Dutch,  and  was  accused  of  piracy.  He  started  on  a  trading 
voyage  from  Boston  to  the  Eastward  as  far  as  York,  where  he 
took  on  Capt.  John  Norton  as  an  associate  in  trade,  or  as  pas¬ 
senger,  and  sailed  towards  Virginia ;  but  went  into  the  Con¬ 
necticut,  and  there,  upon  some  trouble  with  the  Pequods,  was 
overcome  and  slain  with  all  his  crew. 

The  Pequods,  soon  afterwards,  sent  messengers  to  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Colony  to  engage  in  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendship. 
When  the  above  crime  was  laid  to  their  charge,  they  claimed 
that  it  was  done  in  self-defence.  The  magistrates  demanded  that 
those  who  had  part  in  the  murder  should  be  surrendered,  but 
were  not  very  strenuous  in  pressing  the  claim,  as  the  Indians  told 


OLDHAM  KILLED  AT  BLOCK  ISLAND. 


7 


them  that  only  two  of  those  who  had  part  in  the  act  were  left. 
The  Indians  made  presents  of  “much  wampum  and  beaver.” 
The  treaty  was  concluded,  and  it  was  promised  that  the  English 
would  send  a  ship  to  trade  with  them,  and  would  negotiate  a 
treaty  for  them  with  the  Narragansets,  which  they  much  desired, 
but  were  too  proud  to  propose,  but  were  willing  the  English 
should  offer  their  foes  a  part  of  the  wampum  and  beaver  which 
they  brought.  The  Pequods  had,  at  first,  and  up  to  about 
1633-4,  held  the  Narragansets  in  subjection,  but  the  latter  were 
now  at  war  and  asserting  their  independence.  The  Pequods 
had,  some  time  before,  cut  off  a  party  of  Indians  who  were  on 
their  way  to  trade  with  the  Dutch,  at  their  trading-house  upon 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  in  retaliation  the  Dutch  had  captured 
their  old  Sachem,  Tatobam,  and  a  small  party  of  Indians  with 
him,  whom  they  killed.  Tatobam  was  killed  after  Capt.  Stone’s 
death,  and  was  succeeded  by  Sassacus.  The  promised  vessel  was 
sent  out  to  the  Pequods  to  trade.  There  is  reason  to  think  that 
this  vessel  was  in  charge  of  Mr.  John  Oldham,  a  man  who  had 
formerly  caused  trouble  at  Plymouth,  being  concerned  in  the 
revolt  of  Rev.  John  Lyford,  and  afterwards  exiled  from  that 
Colony,  and  located  at  Watertown.  He  was  of  turbulent  temper, 
but  good  ability.  From  some  cause  he  did  not  succeed  in  making 
any  advantageous  trade  with  the  Pequods,  but  secured  a  load  of 
corn  from  the  Indians  nearer  home,  and  excited  the  jealousy  of 
certain  of  the  Narragansets,  so  that  when,  next  year,  he  was 
cruising  about  with  but  two  Indians  and  two  English  lads  in  his 
crew,  and  ran  in  at  Block  Island  to  trade,  a  large  body  of  the 
Island  Indians  came  on  board  and  killed  him.  They  overpowered 
his  crew  and  took  his  vessel,  which  they  were  robbing,  when  dis¬ 
covered  by  John  Gallop,  of  Boston  Harbor,  a  skipper  and  pilot, 
who  with  his  vessel,  coasting  along,  discovered  Oldham’s  vessel 
near  the  shore,  and  hailed,  but  received  no  answer,  and  then 
observed  that  the  craft  was  in  possession  of  the  Indians,  who 
were  trying  to  get  her  under  sail.  Gallop,  perceiving  that  they 
had  stolen  Oldham’s  vessel,  immediately  sailed  up  towards  them, 
though  having  only  his  two  boys  and  a  servant  for  a  crew,  and 
but  two  guns  and  two  pistols,  with  buckshot  for  bullets.  Sail¬ 
ing  close  alongside,  he  opened  fire  and  drove  the  Indians  below 
deck ;  and  making  fast,  went  on  board  and  discovered  the  body 
of  Oldham,  wrapped  in  fishing-nets.  There  are  two  different 
stories  of  this  affair  by  contemporary  writers ;  one  is  that  told  by 
Gov.  John  Winthrop,  and  the  other  by  Rev.  Thomas  Cobbet, 
of  Ipswich,  who  had  it  directly  from  John  Gallop,  Jr.,  who  was 
with  his  father  in  the  affair ;  and  afterwards,  as  Captain  of  a 
Connecticut  company,  on  Dec.  19,  1675,  was  killed  at  the 
great  Swamp  Fight  with  the  Narragansets.  Capt.  Gallop 
killed,  or  drove  overboard,  most  of  the  Indians,  captured  four, 
one  of  whom  he  killed,  and  carried  one  away.  By  stress  of 


8 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


weather  he  was  obliged  to  cut  adrift  the  craft,  which  he  stripped 
of  her  rigging,  leaving  the  other  two  Indians  in  the  hold  alive. 
He  sailed  to  Say  brook  Fort,  just  built,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Con¬ 
necticut,  and  there  delivered  his  prisoner.  The  two  Narragan- 
sets,  who  had  been  with  Oldham,  had  already  escaped  and 
reported  to  Canonicus,  who  was  Sachem  of  the  Block  Island 
Indians,  and  he  dispatched  these  two  with  the  prisoner,  and  a 
letter  of  explanation,  written  by  Roger  Williams,  of  Providence, 
his  friend,  to  Gov.  Winthrop,  of  Massachusetts,  saying  that 
he  had  already  sent  Miantonomo,  with  a  strong  force,  to  punish 
the  Block  Islanders,  and  bring  the  murderers  to  justice.  The  Massa¬ 
chusetts  magistrates  demanded  of  Canonicus  the  restoration  of  the 
goods  taken  from  Oldham,  the  return  of  the  two  lads  taken  with 
him,  and  vengeance  upon  the  murderers.  They  suspected  one 
of  the  messengers,  who  had  been  with  Mr.  Oldham,  but  respect¬ 
ing  the  rights  of  a  messenger,  sent  him  back  safely.  It  was 
found,  by  those  who  came  with  the  boys  from  Miantonomo,  that 
seven  of  the  Indians  who  had  been  killed  by  Capt.  Gallop 
were  chiefs,  and  that  the  others,  except  the  prisoner  sent  to  them, 
had  escaped  to  the  Pequods,  who  now  sheltered  them. 

An  embassy,  consisting  of  Lieut.  Edward  Gibbons  and  John 
Higginson,  of  Boston,  with  the  Sachem  of  Massachusetts,  Cut- 
shamakin,  was  sent  to  treat  directly  with  Canonicus,  about  John 
Oldham’s  murder.  They  reported  favorably  of  the  honesty  and 
kindness  of  the  old  Sachem,  on  their  return,  but  the  magistrates 
determined  to  send  out  an  expedition,  and  themselves  wreak 
vengeance  upon  the  people  of  Block  Island.  This  expedition 
was  raised  from  Massachusetts,  by  order  of  the  new  governor, 
Henry  Yane.  The  Colonial  records  do  not  contain  the  account 
of  its  raising  and  outfit.  But  Gov.  Winthrop  tells  the  story. 
The  force  to  be  raised  was  ninety  men,  to  be  divided  into  four 
companies,  under  command  of  Capt.  John  Underhill,  Nathaniel 
Turner,  Ensign  William  Jennison,  and  Ensign  Richard  Daven¬ 
port,  and  over  all  John  Endecott,  Esq.,  was  appointed  gen¬ 
eral,  to  command  the  expedition.  This  force  sailed  in  “  three 
pinnaces  ”  and  “  two  shallops.”  They  took  two  Indians  as  guides. 
They  had  commission  to  land  at  Block  Island,  and  put  all  the 
men  they  could  find  to  death,  but  to  spare  the  women  and  chil¬ 
dren  and  bring  them  away  captive,  and  take  possession  of  the 
Island,  and  thence  go  to  the  Pequods  and  require  satisfaction  of 
them,  and  demand  the. surrender  of  the  murderers  of  Capt.  Stone 
and  other  English  victims,  and  a  thousand  fathom  of  wampum, 
for  damages,  with  some  of  their  children  as  hostages,  and  if  they 
should  refuse,  to  take  these  things  by  force.  All  who  went  in 
this  expedition  were  volunteers.  They  executed  their  commis¬ 
sion  in  part.  Setting  sail  on  Aug.  24,  1636,  they  arrived  at  Block 
Island  on  the  31st,  where  they  landed  with  much  difficulty,  find¬ 
ing  about  forty  Indians  on  the  shore  waiting  to  receive  them, 


EXPEDITION  AGAINST  THE  PEQUODS. 


9 


with  their  bows  and  arrows,  which  were  harmless,  our  men 
having  corselets.  Two  only  were  wounded,  one  in  the  neck 
and  another  in  the  foot.  As  soon  as  the  English  made  a  landing, 
the  Indians  all  fled.  The  Island  is  described  as  about  ten  miles 
long,  four  broad,  “  full  of  small  hills  and  all  overgrown  with 
brushwood  of  oak.”  They  could  only  march  single  file,  and  it 
was  impossible  to  get  at  the  savages.  They  found  two  large 
plantations,  some  three  miles  apart,  and  about  sixty  wigwams, 
some  well-built  and  large.  There  were  about  two  hundred  acres 
of  corn,  some  gathered  in  heaps,  some  left  standing.  They 
spent  two  days  in  a  vain  search  for  the  inhabitants,  and  then 
burnt  their  wigwams  and  all  their  “  matts,”  destroyed  what  corn 
they  could,  spoiled  seven  canoes,  and  killed  one  Indian,  as  was 
afterwards  reported.  Then  they  sailed  to  the  Connecticut,  and 
being  reinforced  at  Saybrook  Fort  with  Lieut.  Gardener,  with 
twenty  men  and  two  shallops,  they  sailed  to  Pequod  Harbor, 
where  an  Indian  came,  in  a  canoe,  to  ask  “who  they  were, 
and  what  they  wanted.”  The  General  told  him  that  they  came 
from  the  Governor  of  Massachusetts  to  speak  with  their  Sachems. 
He  said  that  their  Sachem,  Sassacus,  had  gone  to  Long  Island, 
and  was  told  to  go  and  summon  the  other  Sachems.  Then  the 
English  landed  upon  a  rough  and  rocky  shore,  and  soon  the  mes¬ 
senger  returned,  and  great  numbers  of  the  savages  began  to  gather 
about  them  until  there  seemed  to  be  some  three  hundred,  and 
still  the  Sachems  did  not  appear.  At  last,  after  several  hours, 
the  General  saw  that  they  were  but  dallying,  and  announced  his 
demands,  and  said  if  they  were  not  complied  with  at  once,  he 
would  fight  them,  and  bade  them  begone  and  take  care  of  them¬ 
selves,  for  he  had  come  now  to  fight.  But  he  would  not  allow  any 
shot  to  be  fired  until  they  had  time  to  withdraw  from  the  par¬ 
ley.  Then  our  forces  followed  them,  but  they  did  not  make  any 
stand ;  only  they  would  turn  and  shoot  their  arrows  from  behind 
rocks  and  trees,  but  did  no  harm,  while  some  of  the  English 
killed  two  of  theirs.  So  the  English  marched  up  to  their  town, 
and  burnt  all  their  wigwams  and  matts ;  but  the  corn  was  still 
standing  in  the  field,  and  could  not  be  readily  destroyed. 
Returning  at  night  to  their  vessels,  on  the  next  day  they  went 
ashore  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  having  destroyed  some 
wigwams  and  canoes,  but  finding  no  Indians,  sailed  away  home¬ 
ward.  They  arrived  at  Boston  in  September,  without  the  loss  of 
a  single  man  in  the  whole  expedition.  Cutshamakin,  a  chief  of 
the  Massachusetts  tribe,  early  residing  in  that  part  of  Dorchester 
which  became  Milton,  went  in  this  expedition  as  an  interpreter ; 
and  while  scouting  with  the  English,  waylaid,  killed,  and  scalped 
a  Pequod.  He  carried  the  scalp  to  Canonicus,  who  sent  it  about 
to  his  chiefs,  thus  signifying  his  approval  of  the  deed  and  his 
loyalty  to  the  English.  To  the  Pequods  this  meant  a  declaration 
of  war,  and  threw  them  at  once  into  active  hostilities  against  the 


10 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


English  and  their  allies.  Not  more  than  a  dozen  of  their  men 
had  been  killed  in  the  raid  into  their  country,  which  they  under¬ 
stood  to  be  a  search  for  “  Block  Island  fugitives ;  ”  but  this  exploit 
of  Cutshamakin’s  meant  war.  This  whole  expedition  cost  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  only  two  hundred  pounds,  as  the  officers  and  soldiers 
served  without  pay. 

The  Pequods  now  tried  to  make  peace  with  the  Narragansets, 
but  in  vain.  They  sought  to  break  up  the  new  English  settle¬ 
ments,  now  being  established  on  the  Connecticut  by  settlers  from 
Plymouth  and  Massachusetts,  at  Windsor,  Wethersfield,  and 
Hartford,  and  had  shown  their  hostility  to  the  garrison  at  Say- 
brook  ;  and  now,  when  the  Massachusetts  troops  retired,  these 
new  towns  and  the  garrison  were  left  in  a  very  critical  situation; 
and  Lieut.  Gardener  complained  of  the  affair  to  the  Colonies. 
When  the  English  had  reembarked  at  Pequod  Harbor,  two  of 
his  soldiers  had,  somehow,  been  left  behind,  and  were  severely 
wounded.  The  Saybrook  garrison  were  in  a  state  of  siege  for 
many  months ;  and  whenever  they  ventured  from  the  fort,  were 
followed  by  the  savages,  with  intent  to  lure  them  into  ambush. 
The  only  safety  of  the  English,  here,  lay  in  their  possession  of 
firearms,  which  struck  terror  to  their  enemies,  and  even  with 
these  the  Saybrook  men  came  near  being  cut  off  on  several  oc¬ 
casions.  The  authorities  at  Plymouth  did  not  approve  of  the 
action  of  Massachusetts,  and  wrote  them,  stating  that  they  had 
not  accomplished  any  advantage  by  this  expedition,  but  rather 
stirred  up  strife  to  no  good  end ;  which  letter  was  answered  by 
Massachusetts  justifying  their  course.  Lieut.  Gardener  wrote 
a  full  and  straightforward  account  of  this  expedition,  which  was 
published.  One  young  man,  of  Saybrook,  Samuel  Butterfield, 
was  captured  at  a  short  distance  above  the  fort,  and  the  place  was 
long  known  as  Butterfield’s  Meadow.  Another  small  party,  a 
few  days  later,  was  beset  by  a  great  company,  and  two  were  cut 
off.  John  Tilly,  master  of  a  ship,  a  very  strong  man,  was  capt¬ 
ured  and  tortured  to  death  by  the  savages.  In  April,  1637,  the 
Indians  waylaid  some  of  the  people  of  Wethersfield,  near  the  fort, 
as  they  were  going  to  the  fields,  and  killed  six  men  and  three 
women,  and  at  the  same  time  made  captive  two  girls.  Some  of 
their  victims  were  killed  with  tortures,  which  roused  the  Colonies 
to  plans  of  retaliation,  as  well  as  measures  for  their  safety.  The 
two  girls  were  redeemed  and  returned  by  the  Dutch,  through 
Lieut.  Gardener. 

April  10,  1637,  Capt.  Underhill  with  a  company  of  twenty 
men  was  sent  to  strengthen  the  garrison  at  Saybrook  Fort,  then 
in  command  of  Lieut.  Lion  Gardener.  This  was  done  at  the 
charge  of  the  “gentlemen  of  Saybrook,”  and  for  the  protection  of 
their  plantations,  by  a  vote  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony.  Nego¬ 
tiations  were  begun  between  Massachusetts  and  Plymouth  about 
joining  in  war  against  the  Pequods,  while  plantations  upon  the 


MASON  MABCHES  AGAINST  THE  PEQUODS. 


11 


Connecticut  were  constantly  increasing,  by  additions  from  Bos¬ 
ton  and  surrounding  towns.  Capt.  John  Mason,  who  in  1632, 
as  a  lieutenant,  had  been  sent  to  the  Eastward  in  search  of  the 
noted  pirate,  Dixy  Bull,  was  made  captain  of  the  militia,  in  No¬ 
vember,  of  the  same  year;  removed  to  Windsor,  Conn.,  with 
Mr.  Warham,  in  1635,  and  there  became  the  captain  of  their 
military  company,  and  the  hero  of  the  “Pequod  War.” 

The  three  Colonies,  having  agreed  to  unite  in  a  war  against  the 
Pequods,  and  having  engaged  the  Narragansets  and  other  minor 
tribes  to  serve  with  them,  took  measures  to  carry  out  their  plans. 
Massachusetts  agreed  to  raise  one  hundred  and  sixty  men,  under 
the  command  of  Capt.  Daniel  Patrick,  of  Watertown,  and  Capt. 
William  Trask,  of  Salem  ;  while  Capt.  Israel  Stoughton,  of  Dor¬ 
chester,  was  chosen  commander-in-chief  of  the  expedition,  and 
Rev.  John  Wilson,  pastor  of  the  church  in  Boston,  went  as  chap¬ 
lain.  Plymouth  agreed  to  send  fifty  men,  under  Lieut.  William 
Holmes,  as  commander,  and  Rev.  Thomas  Prince,  as  chaplain  and 
counsellor.  Thirty  of  these  men  were  to  be  sent  for  land  service, 
and  as  many  others  as  should  be  required  to  manage  the  barques. 
The  list  of  names,  and  further  particulars  about  the  preparations, 
will  be  found  in  the  Appendix.  It  may  be  said  here  that  before 
these  were  ready,  the  war  was  nearly  finished,  so  they  were  not 
sent. 

The  towns  on  the  Connecticut  River,  Windsor,  Hartford,  and 
Wethersfield,  being  most  concerned  in  this  war,  were  most  for¬ 
ward  in  its  prosecution.  May  1,  1637,  the  General  Court  at 
Hartford  voted  “an  offensive  war  against  the  Pequods.”  On 
May  10, 1637,  ninety  men  had  been  raised  in  these  three  towns,  — 
forty-two  from  Hartford,  thirty  from  Windsor,  and  eighteen  from 
Wethersfield,  —  equipped  for  war,  and  under  the  command  of 
Capt.  John  Mason,  of  Windsor,  and  Lieut.  Robert  Seely  (Sealy),  of 
Wethersfield,  embarked  on  board  “one  Pink,  one  Pinnace,  and 
one  Shallop,”  with  the  Sachem  Uncas  and  seventy  of  his  Mohegan 
Indians  along  as  allies.  The  water  of  the  river  being  low,  the 
vessels  often  ran  aground,  which  made  the  progress  so  slow  that 
the  Indians  grew  impatient  and  asked  to  be  set  ashore  to  go 
on  foot  to  Saybrook  Fort,  which  was  done.  When  the  Indians 
reported  at  the  fort,  Lieut.  Gardener  distrusted  their  hon¬ 
esty,  and  demanded  some  proof  of  their  good  faith.  So 
Uncas  sent  out  a  war-party,  who  found  six  of  the  Pequods,  four 
of  whom  they  killed,  one  escaped,  and  another  they  brought 
captive  to  the  fort,  where  he  was  put  to  death.  This  victim’s 
name  was  Kis was.  On  Wednesday  Capt.  Mason  with  the  Con¬ 
necticut  force  arrived  at  the  fort,  and  on  Friday  set  sail  for  Nar- 
raganset.  At  Saybrook  Fort  Lieut.  Gardener  had  reinforced 
their  company  with  Lieut.  Underhill  and  twenty  of  his  best 
men,  with  such  supplies  as  they  needed,  and  sent  Mr.  Thomas 
Pell  with  them  as  surgeon.  Twenty  of  the  least  serviceable  of 


12 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


Capt.  Mason’s  men  were  sent  back  to  the  plantations  to 
strengthen  them.  The  Mohegans  sailed  with  them.  They  ar¬ 
rived  at  Narraganset  on  Saturday  evening  and  there  “  kept  the 
Sabbath.”  They  lay  wind-bound  off  shore  until  Tuesday  even¬ 
ing,  when  they  landed  and  marched  about  five  miles  inland  to 
the  residence  of  the  Narraganset  Sachem,  Canonicus,  to  whom 
Capt.  Mason  apologized  for  marching  into  his  country  with  an 
armed  force  without  giving  him  previous  notice.  He  requested 
permission  of  the  Sachem  to  pass  with  his  troops  through  his 
dominions,  and  declared  his  purpose  of  making  war  on  the 
Pequods,  on  account  of  the  outrages  against  the  English.  Canon¬ 
icus  received  them  kindly,  but  warned  them  that  the  Pequods 
were  strong  and  crafty  warriors,  many  hundred  in  number, 
and  now  securely  entrenched  in  two  great  forts.  Having  gained 
the  permission  desired,  they  marched,  on  Wednesday  morning, 
to  a  place  called  Niantick,  on  the  Pequod  frontier,  where  the 
Narragansets  had  a  fort.  The  Indians  here  appearing  somewhat 
inhospitable,  Capt.  Mason  placed  guards  about  their  fort,  so 
that  they  might  not  be  able  to  carry  news  of  his  design  to  the 
enemy.  Here  they  passed  the  night.  In  the  meantime  a  mes¬ 
senger  had  come  from  Capt.  Patrick,  who  was  at  Providence, 
with  a  company  of  forty  men  from  Massachusetts,  a  part  of  the 
force  to  be  sent  from  that  Colony  upon  the  present  expedition. 
He  requested  Capt.  Mason  to  wait  for  him  to  join  his  force, 
but  did  not  tell  when  he  would  come. 

Capt.  Mason  and  his  officers  in  council  decided  that  secrecy 
and  haste  were  more  valuable  than  the  additional  numbers,  and 
so  determined  to  push  forward  with  their  present  force.  In  the 
morning  there  came  a  party  of  the  Narragansets  from  Mianto- 
nomo,  nephew  and  associate  Sachem  of  Canonicus,  who  offered  to 
join  and  assist  in  their  design.  Then  the  Indians  in  the  fort 
came  out  and  engaged  with  them  for  the  same  end.  About  eight 
o’clock  on  Tuesday  morning,  with  seventy-seven  English  and  a 
company  of  near  five  hundred  Indians,  they  marched  twelve 
miles  to  a  ford  of  the  Pawcatuck  River,  where  they  halted  for  a 
rest.  Here  many  of  the  Narragansets  turned  back.  The  heat 
being  extreme,  another  halt  was  made  about  three  miles  farther 
on,  and  a  council  was  called  to  decide  the  method  of  attack. 
Uncas,  and  the  renegade  Pequod  “  Wequash,”  their  guide,  were 
consulted;  who  told  them  of  two  strong  forts  of  the  Pequods, 
several  miles  apart,  and  they  decided,  at  first,  to  attack  both  at 
the  same  time  ;  but  finding  the  farthest  so  distant,  and  the  troops 
so  weary  with  the  heat  and  the  long  march,  that  they  could 
hardly  reach  it  before  midnight,  they  were  forced  to  choose  the 
nearest.  This  was  a  disappointment,  as  they  heard  that  Sassa- 
cus,  the  chief  Sachem  of  the  Pequods,  was  at  the  distant  fort. 
Marching  silently  towards  the  nearest  fort,  they  halted,  about 
one  hour  after  dark,  in  a  small  valley  and  there  made  their  camp. 


CAPTURE  OP  THE  PEQUOD  PORT. 


13 


Posting  their  guards  around  the  camp,  and  at  some  distance  in 
front,  they  rested  upon  their  arms  until  dawn.  Their  outposts 
reported  that  they  could  hear  the  Pequods,  in  their  fort,  shout¬ 
ing  and  rejoicing  after  their  manner,  till  past  midnight ;  the 
cause  being  the  supposed  flight  of  the  English,  whose  vessels 
they  had  seen  sailing  to  the  Eastward.  At  break  of  day  the 
soldiers  were  mustered  quickly  and  silently  for  the  battle,  the 
Indians  keeping  far  in  the  rear.  After  marching  about  two 
miles,  and  not  yet  seeing  signs  of  the  fort,  Capt.  Mason  called 
Uncas  and  Wequash  to  him,  and  they  pointed  out  the  fort  at  the 
top  of  a  high  hill  close  at  hand.  He  told  them  to  ask  the 
Indians  not  to  fly  and  leave  them  until  they  had  seen  whether 
Englishmen  would  fight.  Then  forming  their  line  of  battle,  they 
marched  in  two  divisions,  Capt.  Mason  intending  with  the  first 
to  gain  the  entrance  at  the  North-east,  and  Capt.  Underhill  that 
at  the  South  side.  Capt.  Mason’s  company  approached  within 
one  rod  of  the  palisade,  before  any  alarm  was  sounded  from  the 
fort.  Then,  as  he  relates,  they  “  heard  a  dog  bark,  and  an  Indian 
crying  Owanux !  Owanux !  which  is,  Englishmen !  English¬ 
men  !  ”  And  now  I  will  quote  from  Capt.  Mason’s  own  words  : 

We  called  up  our  Forces  with  all  expedition,  gave  Fire  through  the 
Pallizado  upon  them ;  the  Indians  being  in  a  dead,  indeed  in  their  last 
Sleep.  Then  we  wheeling  off  fell  upon  the  main  Entrance,  which  was 
blocked  up  with  Bushes  about  Breast  high,  over  which  the  Captain 
passed,  intending  to  make  good  the  Entrance,  encouraging  the  rest  to 
follow.  Lieutenant  Seeley  endeavoured  to  enter ;  but  being  somewhat 
cumbred  stepped  back  and  pulled  out  the  Bushes  and  so  entered,  and 
with  him  about  sixteen  Men.  We  had  formerly  concluded  to  destroy 
them  by  the  Sword  and  save  the  Plunder. 

Whereupon  Captain  Mason  seeing  no  Indians  entred  a  Wigwam ;  where 
he  was  beset  with  many  Indians,  waiting  all  opportunities  to  lay  Hands 
on  him,  but  could  not  prevail.  At  length  William  Heydon  espying 
the  Breach  in  the  Wigwam,  supposing  some  English  might  be  there, 
entred ;  but  in  his  Entrance  fell  over  a  dead  Indian ;  but  speedily 
recovering  himself,  the  Indians  some  fled,  others  crept  under  their 
Beds  :  The  Captain  going  out  of  the  Wigwam  saw  many  Indians  in  the 
Lane  or  Street ;  he  making  towards  them,  they  fled,  were  pursued  to  the 
End  of  the  Lane,  where  they  were  met  by  Edward  Pattison,  Thomas 
Barber,  with  some  others ;  where  seven  of  them  were  Slain,  as  they 
said.  The  Captain  facing  about,  Marched  at  slow  Pace  up  the  Lane  he 
came  down,  perceiving  himself  very  much  out  of  Breath ;  and  coming 
to  the  other  End  near  the  Place  he  first  entred,  saw  two  Soldiers  stand¬ 
ing  close  to  the  Pallizado  with  their  Swords  pointed  to  the  Ground :  The 
Captain  told  them  that  We  should  never  kill  them  after  that  manner: 
The  Captain  also  said,  We  must  Burn  them ;  and  immediately  stepping 
into  the  Wigwam  where  he  had  been  before,  brought  out  a  Firebrand, 
and  putting  it  into  the  Matts  with  which  they  were  covered,  set  the 
Wigwams  on  Fire.  Lieutenant  Thomas  Bull  and  Nicholas  Omsted 


14 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


beholding,  came  up  ;  and  when  it  was  thoroughly  kindled,  the  Indians 
ran  about  as  most  dreadfully  Amazed. 

And  indeed  such  a  dreadful  Terror  did  the  Almighty  let  fall  upon 
their  Spirits,  that  they  would  fly  from  us  and  run  into  the  very  Flames, 
where  many  of  them  perished.  And  when  the  Fort  was  thoroughly 
Fired,  Command  was  given,  that  all  should  fall  off  and  surround  the 
Fort ;  which  was  readily  attended  by  all;  only  one  Arthur  Smith  being 
so  wounded  that  he  could  not  move  out  of  the  Place,  who  was  happily 
espied  by  Lieutenant  Bull,  and  by  him  rescued. 

The  Fire  was  kindled  on  the  North  East  Side  to  windward;  which 
did  swiftly  overrun  the  Fort,  to  the  extream  Amazement  of  the  Enemy, 
and  great  Rejoycing  of  our  selves.  Some  of  them  climbing  to  the  Top 
of  the  Pallizado  ;  others  of  them  running  into  the  very  Flames ;  many 
of  them  gathering  to  windward,  lay  pelting  at  us  with  their  Arrows ; 
and  we  repayed  them  with  our  small  Shot :  Others  of  the  Stoutest 
issued  forth,  as  we  did  guess,  to  the  Number  of  Forty,  who  perished 
by  the  Sword. 

What  I  have  formerly  said,  is  according  to  my  own  Knowledge,  there 
being  sufficient  living  Testimony  to  every  Particular. 

But  in  reference  to  Captain  Underhill  and  his  Parties  acting  in  this 
Assault,  I  can  only  intimate  as  we  were  informed  by  some  of  them¬ 
selves  immediately  after  the  Fight,  Thus,  They  Marching  up  to  the 
Entrance  on  the  South  West  Side,  there  made  some  Pause;  a  valiant, 
resolute  Gentleman,  one  Mr.  Hedge,  stepping  towards  the  Gate,  say¬ 
ing,  If  we  may  not  Enter,  wherefore  came  we  here ;  and  immediately 
endeavoured  to  Enter  ;  but  was  opposed  by  a  sturdy  Indian  which  did 
impede  his  Entrance ;  but  the  Indian  being  slain  by  himself  and  Ser¬ 
geant  Davis,  Mr.  Hedge  Entred  the  Fort  with  some  others ;  but  the 
Fort  being  on  Fire,  the  Smoak  and  Flames  were  so  violent  that  they 
were  constrained  to  desert  the  Fort. 

Capt.  Underhill  also  wrote  a  full  account  of  the  battle, 
which  differs  but  little  from  that  of  Capt.  Mason.  He  says 
that  they  found  the  South  entrance  stopped  up  with  “  arms  of 
trees.”  It  seems  that  the  Indians  had  made  a  rude  “  abattis  ” 
with  the  tops  of  trees  turned  outward,  the  trunks  buried  with 
rocks  and  earth.  This  made  a  very  effectual  barrier  to  an  attack 
from  without,  when  defended  from  within.  Capt.  Underhill 
advanced  to  these  and  tried  to  pull  them  away,  and  then  com¬ 
manded  his  men  to  lay  hold  of  them,  which  they  did,  and 
removed  them  and  entered  the  fort,  without  his  command. 
Among  those  first  entering  was  “  one  Master  Hedge,”  who  was 
attacked  by  a  powerful  savage,  and  was  shot  through  both  arms. 
Capt.  Mason  speaks  of  this  young  man  as  having  performed  a 
very  brave  act,  and  a  contemporary  writer,  in  London,  gives 
account  of  the  battle,  in  which  he  rather  slurs  Capt.  Underhill, 
and  makes  this  Hedge  the  leader  of  the  attack  at  the  South 
entrance.  Capt.  Underhill  resented  this  story  bitterly,  and 
denied  that  he  asked  the  question  “  Shall  we  enter  ?  ”  as  this  last 
writer  reported.  He  says  that  with  his  soldiers  he  entered  the 


BURNING  OF  THE  PEQUOD  FORT. 


15 


fort,  and  with  Capt.  Mason  entered  the  wigwam,  and  received 
a  wound  from  an  arrow,  in  his  left  hip,  though  having  on  “a 
sufficient  buff  coat.”  He  describes  the  fight  as  very  desperate 
and  brave  on  the  part  of  the  Indians.  “  Most  courageously  these 
Pequeats  behaved  themselves,”  he  says.  And  he  declares  that 
their  bows  and  arrows  were  by  no  means  to  be  despised,  as  they 
used  them  there.  “But  seeing  the  fort  was  too  hot  for  us,”  he 
says,  “  we  devised  a  way  by  which  we  might  save  ourselves,  and 
prejudice  them.”  Capt.  Mason  set  fire  to  the  wigwams  with 
a  firebrand,  and  he  “  with  a  train  of  powder,”  the  two  columns 
of  fire  meeting  in  the  centre  of  the  fort.  The  fire  was  so  hot 
that  it  burnt  the  bowstrings  of  the  Indians  and  left  them  defence¬ 
less.  If  any  escaped  the  English,  they  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Mohegans  or  Narragansets,  to  be  cut  down  without  mercy.  He 
says,  “  Many  courageous  fellows  fought  most  desperately  through 
the  palisadoes,  while  scorched  and  burnt  by  the  flames ;  mercy 
did  they  deserve  for  their  valor,  could  we  have  had  opportunity 
to  bestow  it.”  “  It  may  be  demanded,  Should  not  Christians 
have  more  mercy  and  compassion  ?  But  I  would  refer  you  to 
David’s  war.  Sometimes  the  Scripture  declareth  women  and 
children  must  perish  with  their  parents.  We  had  sufficient  light 
from  the  word  of  God  for  our  proceedings.” 

The  number  of  the  Pequods  slain  in  this  terrible  fight  has 
been  variously  estimated.  Capt.  Mason  thought  six  or  seven 
hundred.  The  Mohegans  reported  that  there  were  four  hundred 
killed.  Only  seven  escaped  and  seven  taken  captive.  The  whole 
dreadful  deed  was  completed  in  one  hour  from  the  beginning  of 
the  attack. 

Only  two  of  the  English  were  killed  and  about  twenty 
wounded.  But  after  the  fight,  though  victorious,  the  English 
found  themselves  in  trying  conditions ;  they  were  severely 
oppressed  with  the  heat,  and  thirsty,  with  no  supply  of  water 
and  with  scant  supply  of  food.  They  were  told  that  Sassacus, 
with  a  large  force  of  Pequods,  was  hastening  from  the  other  fort, 
and  the  Narragansets  were  in  great  trepidation  to  be  gone. 
They  were  uncertain  about  what  time  their  vessels  would  appear, 
or  where.  Just  as  the  Pequods  began  to  appear,  and,  maddened 
by  the  awful  calamity  which  had  befallen  their  people,  to  attack 
them  with  fury,  they  saw  their  vessels  coming  toward  them  with 
a  fair  wind.  The  rear-guard,  under  Capt.  Underhill,  met  the 
enemy’s  attack  so  warmly,  that  they  became  more  wary,  and, 
manoeuvring  to  outflank  the  English,  came  upon  the  Mohegans 
and  Narragansets,  driving  them  to  the  shelter  of  the  English 
muskets.  They  kept  up  a  fierce  fight  until  within  two  miles  of 
the  vessels  in  Pequod  River,  then  withdrew. 

Arriving  at  the  shore,  Capt.  Mason  and  his  little  army,  well- 
nigh  spent  with  their  marching  and  fighting,  were  refreshed  with 
supplies  from  their  vessels.  Here  they  found  Capt.  Patrick,  with 


16 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


his  company  of  forty  men,  who  had  joined  our  vessels  with  his 
own,  a  little  before.  He  was  evidently  offended  that  he  was  not 
waited  for  at  Narraganset,  and  chagrined  at  the  great  success  of 
Capt.  Mason.  From  Pequod  Harbor  the  Narragansets  were  sent 
home  by  sea,  while  Capt.  Mason,  with  the  few  able-bodied  men 
of  his  company,  marched  overland  to  Saybrook  Fort,  with  Capt. 
Patrick  and  his  company  along.  Capt.  Underhill  and  his  men, 
and  the  wounded,  went  by  water.  At  the  fort  all  were  enter¬ 
tained  by  Lieut.  Gardener.  Thence  they  returned  to  their  homes 
on  the  Connecticut,  where  they  were  received  with  great  rejoicing. 
Capt.  Underhill,  with  his  company  of  twenty  men,  whose  term 
at  Saybrook  had  expired,  sailed  homeward  to  Massachusetts,  and 
on  the  voyage  met  the  company  of  one  hundred  men,  under  Capt. 
Israel  Stoughton,  sailing  out  to  fight  the  Pequods.  Capt.  Patrick 
awaited  this  force  at  Saybrook. 

The  Indian  fort  which  was  destroyed  was  at  a  place  called 
“  Mistick,”  on  a  hill  in  the  present  town  of  Groton,  Conn.,  known 
since  as  “  Pequot  Hill.”  The  battle  was  fought  on  Friday, 
May  26,  168T. 

It  is  said  that  the  evening  before  the  battle,  a  hundred  and 
fifty  warriors  from  the  other  fort  had  come  to  this,  in  order 
to  start  in  force  upon  the  war-path  the  next  day ;  either  to  follow 
the  English  troops  toward  Narraganset,  or  to  fall  upon  their  set¬ 
tlements  on  the  Connecticut  River.  By  this  chance  these  had  been 
included  in  the  general  massacre.  Capt.  Mason  relates  that  after 
leaving  their  pursuit  of  the  English  near  Pequod  Harbor,  the 
Pequods  returned  in  a  body  to  the  fort  in  which  Sassacus  re¬ 
mained,  where  many  of  them  began  to  upbraid  him  as  the  cause  of 
all  their  troubles,  and  demanded  the  destruction  of  himself  and  Ins 
family.  Wiser  counsels  prevailed,  however,  and  they  resolved  to 
leave  their  country,  now  encompassed  by  merciless,  and, they  con¬ 
ceived,  resistless,  enemies.  Burning  their  villages  and  everything 
that  could  not  be  taken  along  with  them,  they  retreated  with 
their  main  body  to  the  Westward  across  the  Connecticut  River, 
where  they  killed  three  Englishmen,  after  a  stubborn  fight,  and 
hung  their  bodies  upon  trees  on  the  shore. 

The  main  body  under  the  Sachem,  Sassacus,  moved  slowly 
along  the  shore  of  the  Sound,  depending  largely  upon  shell-fish 
for  food.  Another  division  of  the  tribe,  probably  following  the 
other  Sachem,  Mononotto,  pushed  farther  into  the  country. 
Mohegan  and  Narraganset  scouts,  at  a  safe  distance,  kept  track  of 
them. 

About  one  month  after  the  battle,  Capt.  Stoughton,  with 
several  vessels  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  men  from  Massachu¬ 
setts  Colony,  arrived  at  Pequod  Harbor.  Here  they  were  joined 
by  Capt.  Patrick’s  company.  While  here,  the  Mohegans  told 
them  of  a  large  party  of  fugitives  gathered  at  a  place  some  twelve 
miles  up  the  river.  The  English  marched  up  in  force,  surrounded 


stoughton’s  forces  arrive. 


17 


these,  and  captured  them  without  an  attempt  at  resistance.  The 
number  taken  was  about  one  hundred  and  four.  Twenty-four  of 
these  were  men ;  and  twenty-two  of  these  were  taken  on  board  the 
vessel  of  the  skipper,  John  Gallop,  and  “  executed  ”  just  out¬ 
side  the  harbor.  Two  were  spared  on  condition  of  guiding  the 
English  to  the  hiding-place  of  Sassacus.  Proving  unable  or 
unwilling  to  perform  this  service,  they  too,  it  is  said,  were  put  to 
death.  Of  the  eighty  women  and  children,  thirty-three  were 
allotted  to  their  Indian  allies,  and  the  rest  were  sent  home  to 
Boston,  to  be  sold  as  slaves.  In  a  written  report  of  his  progress, 
made  to  Gov.  Winthrop,  Capt.  Stoughton  says  : 

By  this  Pinnace  you  shall  receive  forty-eight  or  fifty  women  and 
children,  unless  there  stay  any  here  to  be  helpful,  etc.,  concerning  which 
there  is  one,  that  is  the  fairest  and  largest  that  I  saw  amongst  them,  to 
whom  I  have  given  a  coat  to  cloatheher.  It  is  my  desire  to  have  her  for 
a  servant,  if  it  may  stand  with  your  good  liking,  otherwise  not.  There 
is  a  little  squaw  that  steward  Culacut  desireth,  to  whom  he  hath  given 
a  coate.  Lieut.  Davenport  desireth  one,  to  wit,  a  small  one.  He  de¬ 
sireth  her  if  it  will  stand  with  your  good  liking.  Sosomon,  the 
Indian,  desireth,  a  young  little  squaw,  which  I  know  not. 

In  closing  his  report  Capt.  Stoughton  says  : 

At  the  present  Mr.  Haynes,  Mr.  Ludlow,  Capt.  Mason,  and  thirty 
men  are  with  us  in  Pequot  River ;  and  we  shall  next  week  join  in  seeing 
what  we  can  do  against  Sassacus,  and  another  great  sagamore, 
Monowattuck.  Here  is  yet  good  work  to  be  done  and  how  dear  it  will 
cost  is  unknown.  Sassacus  is  resolved  to  sell  his  life,  and  so  the  other 
with  his  company  as  dear  as  they  can. 

Capt.  Mason  writes  that  the  Connecticut  towns  sent  him  in 
command  of  forty  men  to  cooperate  with  Capt.  Stoughton,  in  the 
further  pursuit  of  the  Pequods.  From  Pequod  Harbor  the  Eng¬ 
lish  forces  moved  along  the  Sound,  landing  from  time  to  time. 
At  “  Quinnipiack  ”  (New  Haven)  they  saw  a  great  smoke  at 
some  distance  in  the  woods,  and  landed,  thinking  that  they  had 
discovered  the  enemy  ;  but  their  Indian  scouts  soon  found  that  it 
was  only  some  friendly  Indians  burning  brush.  A  Mohegan, 
called  Jack  Eatow,  going  ashore,  captured  two  Pequods,  and 
brought  them  on  board. 

There  is  a  story  that  Uncas,  on  the  way  thither,  captured  a 
small  party  of  the  enemy,  one  of  whom,  a  sachem,  he  beheaded, 
and  lodged  his  head  in  a  tree,  where  it  hung  for  years.  This 
was  upon  a  high  bluff  on  the  shore,  a  few  miles  below  Guilford, 
which  has  been  known  since  as  “  Sachem’s  Head.”  Moving 
westward,  one  of  their  Pequod  spies  proved  faithful  to  them,  and 
faithless  to  his  people.  In  token  of  his  treachery,  they  named 
this  traitor  “  Luz  ”  with  grim  humor ;  and  he  guided  them  to  a 


I 


18  THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 

great  company  of  the  Indians,  at  a  place  called  “  Unquowa,”  now 
within  the  town  of  Fairfield,  Conn. 

A  large  party  of  the  fugitive  Pequods  had  imposed  themselves 
by  force  upon  the  local  tribe,  and  were  now  with  them  at  their 
village,  which  was  situated  close  to  a  great  swamp.  This  swamp 
is  described  as  about  one  mile  in  circumference,  and  divided,  by  a 
narrow  strip  of  solid  land,  into  two  unequal  parts.  When  the 
advance-guard  of  the  English  approached,  all  the  Indians  with 
one  accord  fled  in  dismay  into  the  dense  recesses  of  the  swamp. 
Sergt.  Palmer,  with  a  squad  of  the  advance-guard,  hastened 
around  by  the  smaller  division  of  the  swamp,  to  cut  off  escape  by 
that  side.  Lieut.  Richard  Davenport,  of  Salem,  Capt.  Trask’s 
company,  with  a  few  men  rushed  into  the  bushes,  thinking  to 
push  through  to  the  wigwams  which  were  on  the  other  side,  sud¬ 
denly  found  themselves  sinking  in  the  miry  ground,  entangled  in 
the  dense  underbrush,  and  fiercely  attacked  by  the  savages. 
Lieut.  Davenport,  Sergts.  John  Wedgewood  and  Thomas  Sher¬ 
man  and  others,  were  severely  wounded,  and  only  with  the  great¬ 
est  difficulty  rescued  from  their  perilous  plight  by  the  bravery  of 
Sergts.  Edward  Riggs,  of  Roxbury,  and  Thomas  Jeffrey,  of  Dor¬ 
chester.  The  main  body  of  the  troops  then  advancing,  the  whole 
swamp  was  surrounded. 

The  line  surrounding  the  swamp  was,  according  to  Capt. 
Mason,  a  very  long  one,  being  formed  at  a  wide  distance  from 
the  edge  of  the  bushes ;  but  was  soon  lessened  by  cutting  through 
the  narrow  strip,  thus  shortening  the  “leaguer,”  and  shutting  the 
Indians  into  the  smaller  swamp. 

The  brief  skirmish  at  the  beginning  admonished  the  English 
that  they  were  now  facing  a  brave  and  desperate  foe,  no  longer 
entirely  at  their  mercy.  There  was  a  rumor  also,  brought  back 
by  the  two  captive  girls  to  Wethersfield,  that  the  Pequods  had 
some  sixteen  muskets,  which  they  might  craftily  discharge  upon 
their  assailants  unexpectedly.  So  they  decided  to  hold  a  parley 
with  the  foe.  Thomas  Stanton  was  sent  to  speak  with  them, 
readily  understanding  their  language,  and  offering  to  go  upon 
this  service.  He  soon  returned  with  about  two  hundred  old  men, 
women,  and  children,  including  the  local  tribe.  Then  the  war¬ 
riors  sent  the  challenge  from  the  swamp,  that  they  would  fight  it 
out  with  the  English  to  the  end.  And  Stanton,  going  once  more 
to  them,  to  urge  terms  of  their  surrender,  was  met  with  a  fierce 
volley  of  arrows  so  as  scarcely  to  escape  with  his  life.  Then  the 
guards  were  set,  and  close  watch  kept  all  night  with  frequent 
shooting  on  both  sides.  In  the  deepest  darkness,  about  an  hour 
before  the  dawn,  the  savages  massed  their  numbers,  and,  after 
some  desperate  fighting,  broke  through  Capt.  Patrick’s  lines,  and 
escaped. 

Capt.  Mason  speaks  of  Capts.  Trask  and  Patrick,  and  also 
Sergt.  Stares,  as  having  taken  part  in  this  fight,  besides  those 


CLOSE  OF  THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


19 


above  named.  On  searching  the  swamp,  they  found  but  few 
slain.  One  hundred  and  eighty  women  and  children  were  divided 
between  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  to  be  used  as  servants. 
Two  women  and  fifteen  boys  were  sent  to  Bermuda,  by  Mr. 
William  Peirce,  to  be  sold  as  slaves,  but  were  carried  by  mistake 
to  “  Providence  Isle.”  Among  the  women  taken  was  the  wife  of 
the  Sachem  Mononotto,  with  her  two  children,  whose  demeanor  and 
behavior  were  such  as  to  win  the  respect  of  even  the  most  violent 
Indian-haters.  In  the  absence  of  evidence  to  the  contrary,  I 
would  suggest  that  Mononotto  was  in  command  of  the  Indians  in 
the  swamp  at  Fairfield,  and  led  the  party,  estimated  by  Capt. 
Mason  at  seventy,  which  escaped.  Sassacus  and  a  party  of  his 
warriors  escaped  to  the  Mohawks,  but  were  set  upon  and  killed 
by  them,  and  their  scalps  were  brought  to  the  authorities  at  Con¬ 
necticut,  from  whom  pieces  were  taken  to  Boston,  by  Mr.  Pinchon 
and  Mr.  Ludlow,  who  went  hither  to  consult  about  the  disposal 
of  the  conquered  remnants  of  the  fallen  tribe.  They  reported 
the  Pequods  entirely  dispersed  and  subdued,  so  as  to  be  easily 
managed  by  the  people  of  Connecticut  with  the  aid  of  the  Mohe- 
gans  and  Narragansets.  Capt.  Stoughton  remained  in  the 
Pequod  country  till  near  the  last  of  August,  and  continued  to 
send  his  reports  of  proceedings,  by  which  we  see  that  they  were 
scouting,  and  destroying  the  enemy’s  crops  and  keeping  the 
wretched  fugitives  from  returning  to  their  former  homes.  Soon 
after  August  20th  they  sailed  for  home,  landing  at  Block  Island  on 
the  way,  and  burning  and  destroying  the  poor  homes  and  grow¬ 
ing  crops  of  the  helpless  Indians  with  useless  cruelty.  Then 
they  sailed  homeward  from  their  rather  inglorious  campaign,  and 
arrived  in  Boston  on  August  26. 

This,  in  brief,  is  the  story  of  the  “Pequod  War,”  gathered 
from  all  available  authorities  known.  To  the  comparatively 
weak  colonies  of  that  day  it  threatened  destruction.  The  prompt 
and  daring,  though  sanguinary  work,  of  Capt.  Mason  and  his 
men,  with  the  superiority  of  their  arms,  together  with  the  hos¬ 
tility  of  the  other  tribes  for  the  Pequods,  enabled  them  to  strike 
the  crushing  blow,  which,  practically,  finished  the  war. 

The  result  of  this  war  was  that  the  Indians  of  New  England 
were  so  dismayed  at  the  resistless  force  of  the  English  soldiers,  that 
for  nearly  forty  years  there  was  no  further  formidable  outbreak, 
though  they  knew  that  they  were  wronged,  cheated,  and  oppressed 
in  many  ways  by  the  colonists.  Some  time  after  the  war  was 
over,  the  actual  number  of  the  Pequods  still  surviving  was  found 
to  be  about  two  hundred.  In  1638,  a  treaty  was  concluded 
between  the  Colonies,  Narragansets,  and  Mohegans,  by  which 
the  surviving  Pequods  were  equally  distributed  between  the  two 
larger  tribes,  forced  to  adopt  their  names,  and  drop  their  own 
forever. 

The  Pequod  lands  became  the  property  of  Connecticut  Colony. 


20 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


These  were  hard  conditions  for  a  proud  and  warlike  race  to  sub¬ 
mit  to.  Especially  hard  was  the  case  of  those  who  were  obliged 
to  submit  to  the  rule  of  Uncas,  whom  they  regarded  as  the  real 
cause  of  their  downfall.  They  were  a  constant  source  of  disturb¬ 
ance  between  the  two  ruling  tribes.  At  one  time  a  party  of  them 
withdrew  from  Uncas,  and  joining  with  a  few  Niantics,  returned 
to  their  old  home  and  settled.  Capt.  Mason  was  sent  out,  and 
with  the  aid  of  Uncas  and  his  hundred  Mohegans,  and  forty  of 
his  own  men,  he  despoiled  them  of  their  corn,  newly  harvested, 
and  drove  them  from  their  wigwams,  which  were  burned. 

The  Pequods,  about  equally  distributed  between  the  Mohegans 
and  Narragansets,  were  a  constant  source  of  jealousy  and  trouble. 
Canonicus  and  Miantonomo,  as  well  as  their  ally,  Ninigret,  the 
Niantic  Sachem,  distrusted  Uncas  as  the  pliant  tool  of  the  English, 
and  a  constant  spy  upon  themselves,  reporting  all  their  acts  sus¬ 
piciously  and  falsely.  At  last,  in  1643,  upon  some  special  provo¬ 
cation  from  Uncas,  Miantonomo  resolved  to  punish  his  enemy.  He 
led  a  large  company  of  his  warriors  secretly  into  the  Mohegan 
country;  but  the  crafty  Uncas  was  on  his  guard,  having  his  spies 
set  as  usual  upon  every  move  of  the  Narragansets.  Selecting  an 
advantageous  place,  with  his  accustomed  cunning,  he  concealed 
a  large  number  of  his  warriors  behind  rocks  and  bushes,  and  then 
showed  himself  with  a  few,  and  signalled  for  Miantonomo  to  meet 
him  for  a  parley  between  the  lines,  pretending  to  propose  a  per¬ 
sonal  duel  to  settle  the  trouble.  When  he  had  lured  his  enemy 
into  the  desired  place,  he  gave  his  men  the  signal,  by .  falling  flat 
upon  the  ground,  and  they  at  once  leaped  out  from  their  coverts 
and  shot  a  furious  volley  of  arrows  at  Miantonomo  and  rushed 
forward  to  surround 'him.  He,  however,  having  on  an  English 
corselet,  was  not  harmed  by  their  arrows,  and  turning  fled  towards 
his  own  lines.  His  warriors  did  not  withstand  the  furious  charge 
of  the  Mohegans,  and  in  the  flight  he  became  separated  from 
them,  and,  cumbered  by  the  heavy  corselet,  was  overtaken  and 
overpowered  by  his  foes. 

Uncas  would  have  administered  punishment  straightway,  prob¬ 
ably,  had  not  a  swift  messenger  come  to  him  from  Mr.  Samuel 
Gorton,  of  W arwick,  threatening  dire  vengeance  from  the  English 
should  he  harm  the  captive  Sachem  in  the  least.  While  it  is 
probable  that  Mr.  Gorton’s  threat  saved  the  Narraganset  Sachem 
from  immediate  death,  his  friendship  was  harmful  to  the  captive’s 
interests  with  the  colonial  authorities,  who  looked  upon  Gorton 
as  a  heretic  and  outlaw.  Uncas  turned  his  captive  over  to  the 
custody  of  the  court  officers  at  Hartford,  to  await  the  session  of 
the  United  Commissioners  in  September,  he  being  in  the  mean¬ 
time  committed  to  prison.  Then  this  “  Star  Chamber  ”  of  the 
Puritans  took  up  the  case,  and  by  the  most  infamous  decree  which 
blots  the  pages  of  New  England  history,  condemned  the  brave 
Sachem  of  the  noblest  of  the  native  tribes  to  a  cruel  and  shameful 


ENGLISH  PROTECT  UNCAS. 


21 


death.  Nothing  can  excuse  the  heartless  prejudice  and  cold¬ 
blooded  injustice  of  the  decision.  He  had  been  the  faithful  ally  of 
the  English  from  the  beginning.  He  had  not  truckled  to  them,  like 
the  crafty  and  treacherous  Uncas,  but  his  course  had  been  always 
honorable  and  self-respecting.  By  the  Court’s  decree  Miantonomo 
was  given  over,  with  cold  brutality,  to  his  mortal  enemy  to  be 
executed  according  to  his  will.  And  so  he  was  led  back  into  the 
Mohegan  limits,  and  near  the  scene  of  his  capture,  was  killed  with 
a  blow  of  the  tomahawk,  in  the  hands  of  a  brother  of  Uncas.  The 
place  of  his  execution  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  present  town 
of  Norwich,  Connecticut.  The  Narragansets  never  sought  to 
retaliate  upon  the  English  for  this  act  of  injustice.  They  under¬ 
stood  Uncas  to  be  the  author  of  their  chief’s  overthrow,  and  bided 
their  time  to  mete  out  vengeance  to  him.  There  was  always, 
however,  a  feeling  that  the  Narragansets  had  not  forgotten  nor 
forgiven  the  death  of  their  chief,  and  this  suspicion  was  diligently 
encouraged  by  the  Mohegans.  After  the  death  of  Miantonomo, 
his  young  brother,  Pessacus,  succeeded  him,  and  Ninigret,  his 
kinsman,  and  chief  of  the  Niantics,  became  an  influential  leader 
among  the  Narragansets ;  and  many  of  the  Pequods  assigned  to 
them  had  joined  his  tribe  and  added  much  to  its  warlike  qualities. 
While  Miantonomo  was  in  prison  at  Hartford,  the  Narragansets 
had  been  encouraged  by  Uncas  that  he  would  liberate  him  upon 
the  payment  of  certain  sums  of  wampum.  These  sums  had  been 
gladly  raised  and  paid  to  the  crafty  Uncas,  who,  in  the  end,  repu¬ 
diated  the  agreement,  in  which  course  he  was  afterwards  supported 
by  the  English,  as  in  all  other  matters.  In  the  spring  of  1644, 
Ninigret,  having  secured  a  number  of  guns  and  drilled  some  of 
his  men  in  their  use,  fell  upon  a  large  company  of  Mohegans  and 
slew  a  number,  wounded  many  more,  and  so  frightened  Uncas  that 
he  was  obliged  to  call  on  his  English  friends  to  protect  him. 

He  was  shut  up  in  his  fort  for  a  long  time,  fearing  capture  or 
death  from  his  foes.  The  English,  nothing  loath  to  find  a  pretext 
for  war  against  the  Narragansets  at  any  time,  immediately  began 
to  raise  an  armament  to  vindicate  the  cause  of  their  favorite. 
But  Ninigret  and  Pessacus,  the  chief  Sachems,  now,  of  the  Nar¬ 
ragansets,  appeared  by  their  deputies  at  Hartford,  and  arranged  to 
cease  hostilities  until  after  planting  next  year.  They  promptly 
renewed  the  war  next  year,  or  at  least  some  slight  acts  were  so 
construed  by  Uncas  in  his  report  to  the  Colonies.  Again  the 
Colonies  advanced  to  his  assistance,  and  promised  to  put  forty 
soldiers  in  the  field  at  once  for  the  defence  of  Uncas.  These  were 
sent  at  once  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Humphrey  Atherton 
and  Sergt.  John  Davis.  The  commission  of  Atherton  was  simply 
to  protect  Uncas  in  his  fort,  against  his  enemies.  This  company 
was  sent  from  Boston,  and  companies  from  Hartford  and  New 
Haven  were  to  join  them  in  the  Mohegan  country.  These  were 
only  the  advance  of  a  much  larger  force  which  the  Commissioners 


22 


THE  PEQUOD  WAR. 


decided  to  raise.  Great  preparations  were  made,  and  officers  com¬ 
missioned  for  an  invasion  in  force  of  the  Narraganset  country. 

Major  Edward  Gibbons,  of  Charlestown,  was  appointed  Com¬ 
mander-in-chief,  John  Leverett,  Captain  of  the  Massachusetts 
company ;  Francis  Loyal,  Surgeon,  and  a  levy  of  men  was  ordered 
and  companies  were  organizing  and  drilling  in  Boston,  when  a 
delegation  of  Narraganset  chiefs  appeared  before  the  Court  to 
explain  matters  and  assert  their  friendship  for  the  English,  but 
declaring  their  hostility  to  Uncas.  Another  partial  treaty  was 
concluded  by  the  Indians  agreeing  to  pay  a  large  indemnity  for 
the  expenses  of  the  preparation  for  war. 

After  the  partial  treaty  of  1645,  Pessacus  withheld  the  Nar- 
ragansets  for  several  years,  though  Ninigret  was  constantly  on  the 
alert  to  find  cause  and  opportunity  to  strike  the  hated  Mohegans. 
Uncas,  on  his  part,  was  constant  in  his  complaints  and  rumors 
of  his  enemy’s  evil  designs.  The  smaller  Colonies,  Connecticut  and 
New  Haven,  were  urgent  in  demanding  the  action  of  the  United 
Commissioners  against  the  Niantics,  and  this,  of  course,  involved 
the  other  Narragansets.  The  payment  of  wampum  to  settle  the 
expense  of  the  preparations  of  the  Colonies  against  the  Niantics 
in  1645,  to  which  Ninigret  had  agreed,  was  held  over  him  as  a 
constant  demand,  severe,  if  not  actually  dishonest.  Some  of  the 
Pequods  had  escaped  from  servitude  and  taken  refuge  with  him, 
as  a  kinsman.  The  Long  Island  Indians,  too,  made  complaints  of 
certain  depredations  against  them ;  and  at  last,  in  1653,  the  Com¬ 
missioners  decided  to  declare  war,  and  evidently  meant  to  crush 
the  whole  Narraganset  people  and  reduce  them  to  servitude  as 
they  had  the  Pequods  formerly.  The  Commissioners  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts  were  in  the  minority,  and  were  overborne  by  those  of 
the  other  three  Colonies,  who  were  strenuous  for  war.  The  Gen¬ 
eral  Court  of  Massachusetts  supported  their  own  Commissioners 
in  their  decision  that  there  was  not  a  sufficient  cause,  as  yet,  for 
war.  As  this  Colony,  on  account  of  wealth  and  population,  was 
to  furnish  two-thirds  of  all  means  and  men,  her  decision  for  the 
time  prevailed.  Next  year,  however,  September,  1654,  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Commissioners  so  far  retracted  as  to  join  in  sending  for 
Ninigret  to  attend  them  at  Hartford  and  answer  the  complaints 
against  him.  He  refused  to  attend  and  declared  his  war  against 
the  Long  Island  Indians  to  be  just,  as  they  had  killed  a  Sachem’s 
son  and  sixty  of  his  men.  He  demanded  that  the  English  “  let 
him  alone.”  It  was,  thereupon,  voted  to  send  a  force  of  twenty 
troopers  and  forty  foot  soldiers  to  enforce  the  Commissioners’ 
demands.  It  was  also  voted  to  levy  two  hundred  and  seventy 
foot  and  forty  horsemen  out  of  the  several  colonies  to  prosecute 
the  war.  Major  Simon  Willard,  of  Groton,  was  appointed  to  the 
chief  command  of  this  force.  The  Massachusetts  troops  mustered 
at  Dedham  October  9th  and  marched  to  Providence,  and  thence 
along  the  westerly  shore  of  Narraganset  Bay  to  the  Niantic 


TROUBLE  WITH  NINIGRET. 


23 


country.  The  officers  of  the  Troopers  were  Capt.  Wm.  Davis,  of 
Boston;  Lieut.  Peter  Oliver  and  Cornet  John  Stedman,  while 
Richard  Waite  was  Commissary.  The  following  officers  were 
appointed  over  such  companies  as  were  “  to  go  out  if  neede  should 
require :  ”  1st.  James  Oliver,  captain ;  Roger  Clap,  lieutenant ; 
John  Hull,  ensign ;  and  2d,  Sam’l  Appleton,  captain ;  Rich. 
Sprague,  lieutenant ;  Benjamin  Sweet,  ensign.  Sergt.  John 
Barrell  was  commissary  to  the  Foot  Companies. 

The  New  Haven  and  Connecticut  contingent  of  forty  men  did 
not  reach  them  until  the  16th,  when  Ninigret  had  had  ample  time 
to  retreat  into  his  fastnesses,  whence  he  could  not  be  dislodged. 

It  seems  by  Major  Willard’s  letter  from  “  Paucatuck  IIP  of 
8th  Mo.,  1654,”  that  he  was  hampered  by  his  lack  of  commission, 
as  it  was  taken  for  granted  that  Ninigret  would  be  found  at  his 
usual  place ;  he  lacked  information  as  to  the  charges  against  the 
Sachem,  the  Connecticut  men  by  Thomas  Stanton  being  depended 
upon  to  furnish  details,  who  was  unable.  The  Major,  however, 
acting  with  prudence  and  candor  through  friendly  Pequods,  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  getting  Ninigret  to  surrender  all  the  Pequod  subjects 
who  would  leave  him,  and  to  permit  them  to  set  up  an  inde¬ 
pendent  tribal  estate  under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioners. 

Additional  details  of  this  affair,  and  the  men  engaged,  will  be 
given  in  the  Appendix.  Major  Willard  secured  a  fairly  satisfac¬ 
tory  covenant  with  Ninigret,  and  also  an  advantageous  arrange¬ 
ment  with  the  subject  Pequods,  and  returned  to  Boston  and  dis¬ 
banded  his  forces  on  October  24th,  being  upon  the  service  sixteen 
days. 

The  Pequods  were  settled  in  separate  communities,  and  rulers 
appointed  of  their  own,  under  the  Colonial  authorities.  Cusha- 
washett,  alias  Harmon  Garrett,  was  appointed  over  the  villages 
at  Paquatucke  and  Weguapeuge,  and  Robin,  alias  Casasinamon, 
at  Nemeacke  and  Naweacke.  Later  these  were  settled,  the  first 
in  Stonington,  and  the  latter  in  what  is  now  the  town  of  Led- 
yard.  In  1850  the  Ledyard  settlement  still  retained  989  acres 
of  land,  and  twenty-eight  persons  of  the  greatly  degenerated 
Pequod  stock ;  in  the  Stonington,  240  acres  and  fifteen  persons. 


THE  WAR  WITH  PHILIP  OF  MOUNT  HOPE. 


The  next  Indian  war  of  New  England,  which  claims  attention, 
is  that  of  1675-77,  known  as  “King  Philip’s  War;”  so  called 
from  the  name  of  the  recognized  leader  of  that  war,  whose 
Indian  name  was  Metacom  or  Pometacom,  or  Metacomet,  but 
whom  the  English  called  Philip.  He  was  the  second  son  of 
Massasoit,  who  at  the  settlement  of  the  English  at  Plymouth 
and  Boston  seems  to  have  been  chief  sachem  of  all  the  various 
tribes  and  fragments  of  tribes  living  between  the  Charles 
River  and  Narraganset  Bay,  and  including  that  part  of 
Rhode  Island  east  of  the  Bay,  and  also  the  Cape  Cod  tribes. 
The  rule  of  Massasoit  was  probably  rather  indefinite  both  as  to 
limits  of  territory  and  extent  of  authority  over  the  subordinate 
chiefs.  While  Massasoit  seems  to  have  been  the  acknowledged 
head  of  the  tribes  within  the  limits  above  named,  the  league 
between  the  chiefs  of  the  tribes  was  evidently  very  loose,  and  held 
mostly  for  convenience  in  defence,  and  perhaps  for  the  settlement 
of  difficulties  between  individual  tribes.  The  territory  of  this 
Sachem  was  bounded  upon  the  west  by  the  Nipmucks  and  Narra- 
gansets.  But  a  very  great  proportion  of  this  had  been  sold  by 
the  Sachems  before  the  opening  of  the  war.  Massasoit  had  sev¬ 
eral  children,  three  of  whom  are  known  to  us  by  name :  W am- 
sutta  and  Metacom,  who  came  to  Plymouth  about  1656,  and  at 
their  own  request  received  English  names  from  the  Governor, 
who  “  christened  ”  them  “  Alexander  ”  and  “  Philip.”  A  sister  of 
these  was  the  wife  of  Tuspaquin,  chief  of  the  Namaskets  ;  she 
was  called  by  the  English  “  Amie.”  Mention  is  made  of  another 
son  and  also  a  daughter,  but  I  have  not  proper  authority  for  their 
names.  Alexander  married  a  Sachem’s  daughter,  or  widow,  of 
the  Pocasset  tribe,  and  after  his  death,  soon  following  Massasoit’s, 
1661  or  ’62,  she  returned  to  her  own  people,  and  ruled  there  with 
influence  and  ability  until  the  war ;  when  her  second  husband, 
Petananuet,  Petonowowett,  or  “Peter  Nunnuit  ”  (as  he  is  some¬ 
times  called),  took  sides  with  the  English,  she,  possibly  reluc¬ 
tantly,  joined  the  fortunes  of  Philip,  who  had  married  her  sister 
Wootonekanuske,  and  had  great  influence  with  her. 

Massasoit  had  always  maintained  a  cordial  and  firm  friendship 
with  the  English ;  and  it  would  seem  that  Alexander  also  was 
somewhat  of  his  father’s  nature  and  disposition.  The  moment, 
however,  which  saw  Philip  raised  to  the  place  of  power,  gave  sig¬ 
nal  of  a  far  different  course  of  conduct  on  the  part  of  the  Wam- 
panoag  Sachem.  The  limits  of  his  father’s  olden  territory  had 
been  greatly  reduced  before  he  came  to  power.  The  English  had 


25 


SOME  CAUSES  OF  PHILIP’S  WAR. 

purchased  and  otherwise  absorbed  a  large  proportion  of  their 
lands.  Philip  kept  on  selling  and  surrendering,  till  at  last,  as 
early  as  1670-1,  he  began  to  feel  the  pressure  of  civilization  upon 
their  hunting  and  fishing  grounds  as  well  as  cornfields.  The 
Court  at  Plymouth  itself  had  interfered  and  forbidden  the  trans¬ 
fer  of  certain  parts  of  the  Wampanoag  territories,  and  thus 
doubtless  saved  the  Indians  in  various  tribes  a  home.  Pokano- 
ket,  the  hereditary  home,  was  thus  saved  to  Philip’s  people ;  and 
here  he  lived  at  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the  war.  This  place 
was  called  by  the  English  “  Mount  Hope,”  and  it  is  now 
embraced  in  the  town  of  Bristol,  R.I. 

It  will  not  be  necessary  to  discuss  the  causes  leading  up  to  the 
war.  It  is  enough  to  say  here,  that  the  English  had  assumed  the 
government  of  the  country,  and  followed  their  course  of  settle¬ 
ment  with  small  regard  to  the  rights  of  the  natives.  In  some  of 
the  plantations,  the  settlers  purchased  their  lands  of  the  Indians, 
as  a  matter  of  precaution ;  partly  that  they  might  have  that  show 
of  title  in  case  any  other  claim  should  be  set  up  in  opposition  to 
theirs,  and  partly  to  conciliate  the  savages,  whose  hostility  they 
feared,  and  whose  friendship  was  profitable  in  the  way  of  trade, 
in  furs  and  other  products  of  the  hunt.  The  Indians  were  always 
at  disadvantage  with  the  English,  in  all  the  arts  of  civilized  life. 
The  English  paid  no  heed  to  Indian  laws  or  customs  or  tradi¬ 
tions  ;  and  ruthlessly  imposed  their  own  laws,  customs,  and  re¬ 
ligious  ideas,  with  no  apparent  thought  of  their  intolerance  and 
injustice.  They  made  treaties  with  the  savages  in  the  same 
terms  which  they  would  have  used  had  they  been  dealing  with  a 
civilized  nation.  They  made  out  deeds,  in  language  which  only 
the  learned  framers  themselves  could  understand.  In  brief,  the 
Pilgrims  and  Puritans  mostly  looked  upon  the  Indians  as  heathen, 
whose  “  inheritance  ”  God  meant  to  give  to  his  people,  as  of  old  he 
had  dealt  with  Israel  and  their  heathen.  There  were  some,  how¬ 
ever,  who,  with  Rev.  John  Eliot,  believed  that  the  Indians  had 
immortal  souls,  and  that  they  were  given  to  God’s  people  to  edu¬ 
cate  and  save.  But  there  was  nothing  which  the  rulers  of  the 
Indians  resented  more  persistently,  nor  complained  of  more  fre¬ 
quently,  than  the  attempts  of  the  Christians  to  convert  their 
people.  Indirectly  one  of  these  converted  Indians  was  the  im¬ 
mediate  cause  of  the  opening  of  hostilities.  There  were  many 
grievances  of  which  the  Indians  complained ;  but  they  had  not 
the  foresight  to  see  the  inevitable  result  of  the  constantly  increas- 
ing  power  of  the  English,  in  their  acquisition  of  land,  and  multi¬ 
plying  of  settlements.  It  was  only  when  they  felt  the  pressure 
of  actual  privation  or  persecution,  that  they  began  to  think  of 
opposition  or  revenge.  Their  chiefs  had  been  summoned  fre¬ 
quently  before  the  English  courts  to  answer  for  some  breach  of 
law  by  their  subjects  ;  several  times  the  English  had  demanded 
that  whole  tribes  should  give  up  their  arms  because  of  the  fault 


26 


kixg  philip’s  war. 


of  one  or  a  few.  The  Indians  lived  mostly  by  hunting  and  fish¬ 
ing,  and  at  the  time  of  the  war  used  fire-arms  almost  wholly. 
They  had  learned  their  use  and  bought  the  arms  of  the  English, 
nearly  always  at  exorbitant  prices.  They  were  expert  in  the 
use  of  their  guns,  and  held  them  as  the  most  precious  of  their 
possessions.  The  order  to  give  these  over  to  the  English,  with 
their  stock  of  ammunition,  was  regarded  by  them  as  robbery,  as 
indeed  in  most  cases  it  was,  as  they  seldom  regained  their  arms 
when  once  given  up.  We  can  now  see  that  from  their  standpoint 
there  were  grievances  enough  to  drive  them  to  rebellion.  But 
our  forefathers  seem  to  have  been  unable  to  see  any  but  their  own 
side.  But  now  to  the  story. 

John  Sassamon  (Mr.  Hubbard  says  Sausaman)  was  the  son  of 
a  Wampanoag  Indian  who,  with  his  wife  and  family,  lived  in  Dor¬ 
chester.  They  had  been  taught  by  Mr.  Eliot,  and  professed  the 
Christian  faith.  The  son  John  was  the  pupil  of  Mr.  Eliot  from 
his  early  youth,  and  was  made  a  teacher  among  the  Christian 
Indians  at  Natick.  Mr.  Hubbard  says  that  “  upon  some  misde¬ 
meanor”  there,  he  went  to  the  Wampanoags,  where  he  became 
the  secretary  and  interpreter  of  the  chief,  to  whom  he  was  a  most 
valuable  assistant  and  trusted  adviser.  He  was  soon  prevailed 
upon  by  Mr.  Eliot  to  return  to  Natick,  where  he  became  a 
preacher,  while  still  preserving  friendly  relations  with  Philip  and 
his  tribe.  In  1672-3  he  was  at  Namasket  as  preacher  among 
the  Indians,  whose  chief  was  Tuspaquin,  whose  daughter  Sassa¬ 
mon  had  married.  While  here  he  discovered  that  a  plot  was  in 
process,  extending  among  many  tribes,  to  exterminate  or  drive 
away  the  English  settlers  from  the  country.  This  plot  Sassamon 
disclosed  to  the  authorities  at  Plymouth,  and  afterwards  the 
story  was  told  to  the  Massachusetts  authorities  ;  and  Philip  was 
summoned  to  answer  to  the  charge.  At  the  examination,  where 
nothing  positive  could  be  proved  against  Philip,  he  found  by  the 
evidence  that  Sassamon  had  betrayed  him,  and  he  immediately 
condemned  him  to  death  in  his  council.  The  sentence  was  car¬ 
ried  out  January  29, 1674-5,  while  Sassamon  was  fishing  through 
the  ice  upon  Assawomset  Pond.  His  executioners  were  brought 
to  punishment,  and  it  was  discovered  that  the  deed  was  done  by 
Philip’s  order.  The  trial  was  in  March,  1675,  and  the  principal 
actor,  Tobias,  and  his  accomplice,  Mattashunannamoo,  were  exe¬ 
cuted  as  murderers,  June  8, 1675  ;  while  Tobias’s  son,  who  was 
present  but  took  no  part  in  the  crime,  was  reprieved  for  one 
month  and  then  shot.  After  the  execution  of  the  two  in  June, 
Philip  threw  off  all  disguise  as  to  his  plan,  and  pushed  his 
preparations  as  diligently  as  possible.  The  plan  had  been  to  com¬ 
plete  preparations  and  include  all  the  tribes  in  New  England,  so 
that  a  simultaneous  assault  could  be  made  upon  all  the  settle¬ 
ments  at  once.  This  plan  was  spoiled,  and  probably  the  settle¬ 
ments  saved  from  destruction,  by  the  impatience  of  the  leader’s 


TROOPS  MARCH  TO  MOUNT  HOPE. 


27 


vengeance.  While  Philip’s  preparations  went  forward,  the 
authorities  thought  best  not  to  make  any  immediate  military 
demonstration  further  than  the  placing  of  a  guard  by  the  various 
settlements  to  prevent  a  surprise.  They  thought  Philip  would 
soon  tire  of  holding  his  men  in  arms  and  training,  so  that  they 
could  get  him  in  their  power.  But  his  company  increased,  and 
the  younger  warriors  began  to  demand  some  open  act  of  hostility. 
At  last  they  began  not  only  to  insult  the  English  settlers  in  the 
nearest  settlements,  by  their  words  of  insolence  and  threats,  but 
to  shoot  their  cattle  and  plunder  their  houses.  The  Indians  in¬ 
creased  greatly  in  numbers,  from  the  neighboring  tribes,  many 
“  strange  Indians  ”  appearing  among  them,  and  most  of  their 
women  and  children  being  sent  away  to  the  Narraganset  country. 
At  Swansy  they  appeared  in  considerable  numbers,  and  used  all 
their  ways  of  provocation  to  induce  some  act  of  resistance  from 
the  settlers;  and  at  last,  upon  June  24th,  one  man  was  so  en¬ 
raged  at  the  shooting  of  his  cattle  and  the  attempt  to  rifle  his 
house,  that  he  shot  at  an  Indian,  wounding  him.  Upon  this  the 
Indians  began  open  and  indiscriminate  hostility,  and  on  that  day 
eight  or  nine  of  the  English  at  Swansy  were  killed  and  others 
wounded.  Two  men  were  sent  for  a  surgeon,  but  were  waylaid 
and  slain,  their  bodies  left  upon  the  road.  Messengers  sent  from 
the  English  authorities  to  treat  with  Philip  and  prevent  an  out¬ 
break,  came  upon  the  bodies  of  the  men  slain  in  the  highway, 
and  speedily  turned  back.  The  Colonies  awoke  to  the  fact  that 
an  Indian  war  was  upon  them,  but  supposed  that  a  few  companies 
sent  down  to  Swansy  would  at  once  overawe  the  savages  and 
reduce  them  to  submission.  A  speedy  muster  was  made,  both  at 
Plymouth  and  Boston,  and  on  the  afternoon  of  June  26th,  five 
companies  were  mustering  or  on  the  march  from  the  two  colonies. 
The  details  of  the  account  of  the  war  will  be  found  in  the  body 
of  the  following  chapters.  Here  only  a  brief  outline  of  current 
events  can  be  given.  The  first  company  of  infantry  from  Boston 
was  made  up  from  the  regular  military  companies  of  the  town. 
A  company  of  cavalry,  or  “troopers,”  was  gathered  from  the 
regular  organization  in  three  counties.  A  third  company,  of 
“  volunteers,”  was  raised  about  the  town  and  vicinity,  from  all 
sorts  of  adventurers,  seafaring  men  and  strangers,  with  a  number 
of  prisoners  who  had  been  convicted  of  piracy  and  condemned 
to  death,  but  were  now  released  to  engage  in  fighting  the  In¬ 
dians.  Capt.  Daniel  Henchman  commanded  the  first  company, 
Capt.  Thomas  Prentice  the  troopers,  and  Capt.  Samuel  Mosely 
the  “volunteers.”  These  three  companies  marched  out  of 
Boston  on  the  26th  and  27th  and  arrived  at  Swansy  on  the  28th, 
having  formed  a  junction  with  the  Plymouth  forces  under  Major 
James  Cudworth  and  Capt.  Fuller,  these  having  been  in  the 
field  several  days  already.  The  forces  quartered  about  the 
house  of  Rev.  John  Miles,  the  minister  at  Swansy,  whose 


28 


KING  PHILIPPS  WAS. 


place  was  nearest  the  bridge  leading  over  the  river  into  Philip’s 
dominions.  Some  of  the  troopers  that  evening  rode  across  the 
bridge  and  had  a  slight  skirmish  with  the  enemy.  On  the  29th, 
Major  Thomas  Savage  arrived  with  another  company  of  foot  with 
Capt.  Nicholas  Paige’s  troop.  Major  Savage  took  command  of 
the  Massachusetts  forces  ;  while,  according  to  the  custom  in  the 
United  Colonies,  the  senior  officer  of  the  colony  in  which  the 
forces  were  engaged  at  the  time  became  commander-in-chief. 
The  present  seat  of  war  being  in  Plymouth  Colony,  Major  Cud- 
worth  was  thus  the  commander  of  the  whole  army.  On  June 
30tli,  the  troopers,  supported  by  Mosely’s  company,  charged 
across  the  bridge  for  a  mile  into  the  woods,  driving  the  enemy 
before  them  into  swamps,  with  a  loss  of  five  or  six,  Ensign  Perez 
Savage  being  severely  wounded  on  the  English  side.  This 
charge  so  frightened  the  Indians  that  they  fled,  in  the  night,  out 
of  their  peninsula  of  Mount  Hope,  across  the  channel  to  Pocas- 
set,  now  Tiverton,  R.I.,  so  that  on  the  next  day  when  the  whole 
force  marched  over  into  Mount  Hope,  and  marched  back  and 
forth  sweeping  the  country  with  their  lines,  they  found  no 
enemy.  The  forces  were  engaged  several  days  in  scouting  the 
neighboring  country  in  search  of  the  Indians,  not  yet  knowing 
that  the  main  body  were  in  Pocasset. 

Then  orders  came  from  Boston  for  Major  Savage’s  forces  to 
march  into  Narraganset,  to  enforce  a  treaty  with  that  powerful 
tribe,  and  prevent  their  junction  with  Philip.  They  found  the 
country  apparently  deserted,  few  except  the  very  aged  being  left 
in  any  of  the  villages.  Neither  Canonchet  nor  any  of  his  leading 
Sachems  could  be  found.  The  officers,  however,  spent  several 
days  completing  a  very  ceremonious  treaty  with  some  of  the  old 
men  whom  they  were  able  to  bring  together.  Canonchet  after¬ 
wards  treated  the  whole  matter  with  scorn  as  being  a  farce. 

In  the  meantime  the  Plymouth  forces  passed  over  to  Pocasset 
and  found  a  body  of  Indians,  and  had  a  skirmish  with  them. 
Capt.  Fuller  was  in  command,  and  Benjamin  Church  conducted 
a  part  of  the  force,  which  became  engaged  with  a  much  larger 
force,  and  after  hard  fighting  were  drawn  off  with  difficulty  by 
the  tact  and  courage  of  Mr.  Church,  after  inflicting  serious 
injury  upon  the  enemy,  and  suffering  little  loss  themselves. 
After  this  the  Indians  retired  into  the  swamps  about  Pocasset, 
and  were  held  at  bay  until  the  return  of  the  Massachusetts 
forces ;  when  all  marched  together  for  concerted  action  against 
their  enemies. 

On  July  18th  the  combined  forces  arrived  at  the  Pocasset 
swamp,  and  made  a  resolute  attack  upon  the  enemy  concealed  in 
the  thick  underbrush,  from  whence  at  the  first  volley  they  killed 
five  and  wounded  seven  of  our  men.  After  this  volley  the 
enemy  retreated  deeper  into  the  swamp,  where  it  was  impossible, 
night  coming  on,  to  follow  them.  The  commanders  in  council 


PHILIP  KETKEATS  TO  POCASSET  SWAMP. 


29 


concluded  that  they  had  the  enemy  now  enclosed  securely  within 
the  swamp,  whence  it  was  impossible  to  escape,  if  a  suitable 
guard  were  left  to  watch.  Major  Savage  and  the  Massachusetts 
men  returned  to  Boston,  except  Capt.  Henchman’s  company  of 
one  hundred  men,  who,  with  the  Plymouth  forces,  remained  at 
Pocasset.  Capt.  Henchman  began  to  build  a  fort  there,  which 
might  serve  as  a  stronghold  for  the  English  and  might  guard 
the  entrance  to  the  great  swamp. 

The  English  were  deceived  by  the  apparent  easy  conquest  of 
both  the  Wampanoags  and  Narragansets,  and  believed  they  had 
overawed  them  and  set  their  hostility  at  rest,  and  now  might 
take  their  own  time  in  crushing  Philip  and  thus  finishing  the 
war. 

Plymouth  Colony  had  been  engaged  from  the  first  in  seeking 
to  conciliate  the  tribes,  in  their  bounds,  which  were  related  to 
Philip.  Through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Benjamin  Church,  a  resident 
of  Seconet,  who  was  acquainted  on  pleasant  terms  with  nearly 
all  the  tribes  in  the  colony,  negotiations  were  held  with  Awa- 
shonks  the  squaw-sacliem  of  the  Seconet  Indians,  and  Weetamoo 
the  squaw-sachem  or  “  queen  ”  of  the  Pocasset  tribe.  Awashonks 
and  most  of  her  people  passed  over  into  the  Narraganset  country 
at  the  opening  of  active  hostilities,  and  thus  avoided  joining 
Philip;  but  Weetamoo  and  her  people  were  swept  along  with 
him  in  his  retreat  towards  the  Nipmuck  country.  Plymouth 
companies  were  abroad,  too,  scouting  the  country  in  the  effort 
to  protect  their  settlements,  exposed,  like  Dartmouth,  Middle- 
boro’,  etc.  They  also  established  a  garrison  at  Mount  Hope 
after  Philip  retreated  to  Pocasset,  to  prevent  his  return.  The 
entrance  of  Philip  into  the  Pocasset  swamps  compelled  the 
cooperation  of  the  hesitating  Weetamoo,  and  afforded  him  a  safe 
hiding-place  to  recruit  and  prepare  for  his  flight  northward. 

In  the  meantime  the  Massachusetts  authorities  had  begun 
negotiations  with  the  various  Western  tribes.  Seven  of  the 
principal  towns  had  been  visited  and  treaties  made  with  each. 
On  July  16th  Ephraim  Curtis  returned  to  Boston  and  reported 
the  Quabaugs  gathered  at  a  great  island  in  a  swamp  beyond 
Brookfield,  and  showing  a  defiant  and  hostile  spirit.  The 
Council  immediately  sent  Capt.  Edward  Hutchinson,  escorted 
by  Capt.  Thomas  Wheeler  and  his  mounted  company,  with 
Curtis  as  guide,  to  find  the  Indians  and  bring  them  to  terms. 
The  company,  accompanied  by  some  friendly  Naticks.,  arrived  at 
Brookfield  on  August  1st,  and  immediately  sent  Curtis  with  the 
guides  to  arrange  for  a  meeting  next  day.  The  Quabaugs,  whose 
leader  was  the  famous  Muttaump,  agreed  to  come  next  day  to 
a  plain  some  three  miles  from  Brookfield  to  meet  the  English. 
The  next  morning,  the  company,  with  three  of  the  chief  men  of 
Brookfield,  rode  out  to  the  appointed  place,  but  found  no 
Indians.  Urged  by  the  Brookfield  men,  but  against  the  earnest 


30 


king  Philip’s  war. 


remonstrance  of  the  Naticks,  they  rode  forward  towards  the 
place  where  Curtis  met  them  the  day  before.  But  coming  to  a 
narrow  defile  between  a  high  rocky  hill  and  an  impenetrable 
swamp,  and  riding  single  file,  th6y  found  themselves  caught  in 
a  great  ambuscade  of  the  Indians,  who  let  them  pass  along  until 
they  were  able  to  surround  them,  and  then  rose  altogether  and 
fired  into  their  column  at  close  range.  They  killed  eight  men 
outright  and  wounded  five,  including  Capts.  Hutchinson  and 
Wheeler,  the  former  mortally.  The  English  were  forced  to 
retreat,  fighting,  up  the  hill ;  and,  under  the  skilful  conduct  of 
their  Indian  guides,  were  able  to  make  a  safe  retreat  to  Brook¬ 
field,  where  they  gathered  the  people  and  fortified  a  house  just 
before  the  Indians  came  sweeping  furiously  down  upon  the 
village.  Here  they  defended  themselves  against  great  numbers 
for  several  days,  till  Major  Willard  and  Capt.  Parker  came  with 
a  company  and  reinforced  the  garrison,  when  the  enemy  retired. 

At  Pocasset,  Capt.  Henchman  continued  building  his  fort,  and 
Philip  was  making  ready  for  his  flight.  The  English  seem  not  to 
have  contemplated  the  possibility  of  a  general  war,  nor  to  have  at 
all  appreciated  the  gravity  of  the  present  situation  in  the  col¬ 
onies.  Philip  with  all  his  fighting-men  and  the  greater  part  of 
his  own  and  Weetamoo’s  people,  escaped  across  the  river  and 
passed  through  the  open  plain  in  Rehoboth,  where  they  were  dis¬ 
covered  by  some  of  the  settlers.  A  scouting  party  from  Taunton 
made  the  discovery  that  it  was  Philip’s  Indians  who  were  thus 
escaping.  The  situation  of  affairs  may  be  briefly  stated.  Capt. 
Henchman  was  guarding  the  swamp  wherein  Philip  and  his 
people  were  supposed  to  be  securely  trapped.  Major  Cudworth 
and  Capt.  Fuller  were  at  Dartmouth  with  a  company  of  one  hun¬ 
dred  and  twelve  men.  Lieut.  Nathaniel  Thomas,  of  Marshfield, 
was  at  the  Mount  Hope  garrison  with  twenty  men.  At  Rehoboth 
a  company  of  Mohegan  Indians  under  Oneko,  under  convoy  of 
Corporal  Thomas  Swift,  arrived  from  Boston  on  the  30th  on  their 
way  to  Capt.  Henchman  at  Pocasset.  Upon  the  alarm,  Rev.  Mr. 
Newman,  of  Rehoboth,  began  to  organize  a  company  of  volunteers 
for  the  pursuit  of  the  Indians.  Lieut.  Thomas,  with  a  small  de¬ 
tachment,  happened  to  come  to  Rohoboth  on  the  30th,  and  hear¬ 
ing  of  the  escape,  hastened  back  to  carry  the  news  to  Capt. 
Henchman,  and  urge  his  cooperation.  Lieut.  Thomas  then,  on 
the  31st,  took  eleven  men  of  his  Mount  Hope  garrison,  and  being 
joined  by  Lieut.  James  Brown,  of  Swansy,  with  twelve  men, 
marched  in  the  pursuit.  The  Rehoboth  men,  with  some  volun¬ 
teers  from  Providence  and  Taunton,  led  by  the  Mohegans,  had 
started  earlier  upon  the  trail  of  the  enemy.  Lieut.  Thomas  and 
his  party  overtook  the  others  at  sunset,  and  after  a  brief  council- 
of-war,  sent  out  their  scouts,  Indian  and  English,  to  discover  the 
movements  of  the  fugitives.  Having  found  that  they  had  en¬ 
camped  for  the  night,  and  apparently  not  suspecting  pursuit,  the 


PHILIP  ESCAPES  TO  THE  NIPMUCKS. 


31 


English  left  their  horses  with  a  guard,  and,  with  the  Mohegans  in 
the  van,  marched  silently  forward  to  a  field,  at  a  place  called 
“  Nipsachick  ”  (said  to  be  within  the  present  town  of  Burrillville, 
R.I.).  The  night  being  very  dark,  they  were  forced  to  wait  for 
light.  At  dawn  they  made  their  attack  upon  what  proved  to  be 
Weetamoo’s  camp.  The  Indians  were  taken  by  surprise  and  fled, 
leaving  everything  behind  them.  But  the  Mohegans  and  English 
rushing  forward  found  themselves  confronted  with  Philip’s  fight¬ 
ing-men  entrenched  behind  trees  and  rocks  ready  for  battle. 
Adopting  the  tactics  of  the  enemy,  the  English  and  their  allies 
engaged  them  fiercely  until  9  o’clock,  when  still  fighting  desper¬ 
ately,  but  with  powder  nearly  spent,  the  hostiles  sullenly  retired, 
leaving  many  of  their  dead  upon  the  field.  Some  twenty-three 
of  the  enemy  were  killed,  it  is  said,  including  a  prominent  chief, 
Woonashum,  called  by  the  English,  Nimrod.  Of  the  English, 
two  were  killed  and  one  wounded. 

Near  the  close  of  the  fight,  Rev.  Mr.  Newman  and  a  party  came 
up,  bringing  supplies.  Capt.  Henchman  arrived  after  the  fight, 
having  sailed  to  Providence  and  marched  up  thence,  with  sixty- 
eight  soldiers  and  sixteen  friendly  Indians.  He  immediately  took 
command,  but  concluded  not  to  push  the  pursuit  until  next  day. 
The  Rehoboth  and  Providence  men  returned  home,  to  bring  up 
supplies  for  the  further  pursuit.  They  hastened  back  next  day 
with  all  speed,  but  found  to  their  great  disappointment  that  Capt. 
Henchman  had  not  moved  until  that  same  day,  giving  the  enemy 
a  full  day’s  start ;  and  Lieut.  Thomas  and  his  party  overtook  him 
on  the  evening  of  August  3d,  at  a  place  called  by  them  in  the 
report,  “  Wapososhequash.”  The  enemy  were  beyond  pursuit,  a 
part  (Weetamoo’s  people,  except  the  fighting-men)  having  turned 
off  into  the  Narraganset  country,  while  Philip  and  the  rest  passed 
into  the  great  forests  beyond  Quabaug.  The  Mohegans  went  to 
their  own  country  on  August  4th,  accompanied  by  Lieut.  Brown 
and  a  small  party,  to  Norwich,  to  secure  provisions  and  news  of 
the  enemy.  After  awaiting  the  return  of  this  party  three  days, 
Capt.  Henchman,  on  August  7th,  marched  back  to  Mendon,  meet¬ 
ing  Capt.  Mosely  with  a  company  of  dragoons  coming  up  from 
Providence  with  supplies.  Next  day  Capt.  Henchman  went  up 
to  Boston,  and  the  Rehoboth  men  returned  home.  Capt.  Mosely 
was  left  in  command  at  Mendon.  Capt.  Henchman  was  relieved 
of  command  in  the  field  and  was  sent  to  bring  off  his  men  re¬ 
maining  at  Pocasset.  Mendon  had  been  attacked  J uly  14th,  by  a 
party  of  Nipmucks,  led  by  Matoonas,  and  six  or  more  of  the 
settlers  were  killed  while  at  work  in  their  fields. 

When  the  Indians  returned  from  their  siege  of  Brookfield,  they 
met  Philip  and  his  people  in  the  woods  and  told  him  of  their 
exploit.  He  was  greatly  pleased,  and  gave  some  of  the  chiefs 
presents  of  wampum,  and  promised  them  fresh  supplies  of  ammu¬ 
nition  and  arms.  The  Brookfield  affair  had  the  effect  of  bringing 


32 


king  philip’s  war. 


in  the  faltering  tribes,  and  Philip’s  coming  confirmed  the  plan  to 
clear  the  Connecticut  Valley  of  English  settlers.  Massachusetts 
Colony  raised  several  companies  to  protect  the  frontiers.  Capt. 
Mosely  with  his  own  and  Capt.  Henchman’s  men  marched  from 
Mendon,  and  Capts.  Thomas  Lathrop  of  Essex  County  with  a  fine 
company,  and  Richard  Beers  of  Watertown  with  another,  marched 
to  Brookfield,  where  their  forces  were  joined  by  Capt.  Watts  of 
Connecticut  with  two  companies  of  English  and  Indians.  Major 
Willard  took  command  of  this  force,  and  broke  it  into  several 
parties  in  order  to  better  protect  the  several  settlements.  These 
companies  were  engaged  in  scouting  the  frontiers  and  guarding 
supplies  sent  up  to  the  various  garrisons.  The  Springfield 
Indians,  hitherto  pretending  friendship,  fled  and  joined  the  hostiles 
on  the  night  of  August  24 ;  and  the  English,  pursuing,  had  a 
sharp  fight  with  them  at  a  swamp  near  Mt.  Wequomps,  losing 
nine  of  their  own  men.  The  English  troops  were  concentrated 
at  Hadley  under  the  general  command  of  Major  Pynchon.  On 
September  1st  the  Indians  attacked  Deerfield,  burning  most  of 
the  houses  and  killing  one  of  the  garrison  soldiers,  and  withdrew. 
On  the  2d  they  fell  upon  Northfield,  where  many  of  the  people 
were  abroad  at  work  in  the  fields,  and  the  women  and  children 
at  the  houses  in  the  town.  The  assault  was  from  all  quarters  at 
once,  and  many  were  killed  in  the  fields  and  as  they  escaped  from 
their  houses  to  the  garrison.  The  Indians  burned  most  of  their 
houses  and  drove  away  their  cattle.  On  the  3d,  Capt.  Beers, 
with  thirty  mounted  men  and  an  ox-team,  was  sent  to  bring  off 
the  garrison  of  Northfield,  not  knowing  of  this  attack.  This  force 
on  the  next  day  was  ambushed  at  Saw-Mill  Brook,  near  North- 
field,  and  Capt.  Beers  and  some  twenty  of  his  men  were  killed. 
Next  day  Major  Treat  with  a  hundred  men  marched  up  to  North- 
field,  finding  and  burying  the  dead  of  Capt.  Beers’  company,  and 
then  bringing  off  the  garrison.  It  was  now  decided  to  strengthen 
the  garrisons  and  act  upon  the  defensive.  Upon  September  18th 
Capt.  Lathrop  with  his  company  was  sent  to  convoy  teams  bring¬ 
ing  loads  of  grain  from  Deerfield  to  Hadley.  A  strong  ambuscade 
was  made  at  a  place  known  since  as  “  Bloody  Brook,”  and  there 
the  Indians  encompassed  and  massacred  nearly  the  whole  company, 
some  eighty,  including  the  teamsters.  Only  eight  or  ten  escaped. 
The  number  killed  was  between  sixty  and  seventy.  Capt.  Mosely 
came  hastily  from  Deerfield  upon  hearing  the  shots,  and  engaged 
the  great  company  of  several  hundreds  of  Indians,  charging  in 
amongst  them  with  intrepid  fury  which  drove  them  headlong 
before  him  into  the  woods  and  swamps ;  but,  finding  them  gather¬ 
ing  in  immense  numbers  and  seeking  to  surround  him,  he  threw 
out  his  lines  to  prevent  being  flanked,  and  began  a  cautious 
retreat ;  when  Major  Treat  coming  upon  the  field,  the  Indians, 
seeing  the  reinforcements,  fled. 

These  terrible  reverses  threw  a  gloomy,  superstitious  fear  over 


THE  NARRAGANSET  CAMPAIGN. 


33 


the  Colonies.  The  English  troops,  hitherto  despising  the  Indians 
in  war,  now  seemed  helpless  before  them.  On  September  26th 
the  Indians  assaulted  Springfield,  west  of  the  river,  burning  the 
houses  and  barns.  On  October  5th  the  enemy  made  some  dem¬ 
onstrations  at  Hadley;  the  soldiers  were  drawn  from  Spring- 
field  to  strengthen  the  garrison ;  the  Indians  fell  upon  the  latter 
village  and  destroyed  it,  before  the  companies  could  return  to 
save  it.  After  this  blow,  Major  Pynchon  begged  die  Court  to 
appoint  a  commander  of  the  forces  on  the  river  in  his  place,  and 
Major  Samuel  Appleton  was  appointed,  and  by  advice  of  the 
Council  garrisoned  the  various  towns  not  abandoned,  and  then 
withdrew  the  other  troops  to  Boston.  The  Connecticut  troops 
helped  to  garrison  Northampton  and  Westfield,  and  the  Indians 
withdrew  to  their  winter  camps.  Philip  had  long  since  gone  into 
winter  quarters  above  Albany. 

But  now  the  Colonies  determined  to  strike  the  Narragansets  in 
their  own  country  before  they  should  be  able  to  join  the  hostiles. 
A  great  muster  was  made  in  three  colonies,  and  an  army  of  one 
thousand  men  was  raised  and  equipped,  half  of  which  was  sent 
from  Massachusetts.  The  Narragansets  were  entrenched  in  a 
very  strong  position  in  a  great  swamp  in  what  is  now  South 
Kingston,  B.I.  It  was  claimed  that  great  numbers  of  Wampan- 
oags  and  other  hostiles  were  among  them  finding  refuge,  and  they 
were  defiant  and  threatening.  The  English  forces  under  com¬ 
mand  of  Gen.  Winslow,  of  Plymouth,  gathered  at  Wickford,  and 
on  December  19th,  1675,  marched  some  twenty  miles  through 
intense  cold  and  a  heavy  snow-storm,  to  the  swamp ;  the  waters 
had  been  frozen  by  the  severe  cold,  and  this  fact  made  it  possible 
for  the  English  to  reach  the  rude  fortifications.  Without  waiting 
for  any  organized  attack,  the  Massachusetts  troops,  being  at  the 
front  in  the  march,  rushed  forward  across  the  ice  in  an  impetuous 
charge,  and  into  the  entrance,  where  the  Indians  had  constructed 
rude  flankers,  and  placed  a  strong  block-house  in  front,  so  that 
the  first  to  enter  were  met  with  a  terrible  enfilading  fire  from 
front  and  flanks,  and  were  forced  back  for  a  time  ;  but  others 
coming  on  pressed  into  the  breach,  and,  though  suffering  severe 
losses,  at  last  stormed  all  the  fortifications,  drove  the  enemy  from 
every  line  of  entrenchments  within  the  fort,  and  out  into  the 
woods  and  swamps  beyond.  They  set  fire  to  the  wigwams  and 
store-houses  of  the  savages,  in  which  were  burned  many  of  the 
aged,  women,  and  children.  Then  taking  their  wounded,  the 
English  took  up  their  march  back  through  the  deep  snow  to 
Wickford,  where  they  arrived  the  next  morning. 

The  details  of  this  fight,  as  well  as  the  subsequent  movements 
of  this  campaign,  are  given  at  length  in  the  chapters  of  which  this 
chapter  is  the  compendium,  and  are  briefly  passed  here.  The 
Narragansets  kept  well  out  of  the  way  of  the  English  army,  and 
made  many  pretences  of  negotiating  peace ;  but  at  last,  about 


34 


king  philip’s  war. 


January  26th,  having  made  several  raids  into  the  settlements,  and 
captured  numbers  of  cattle  and  horses,  Canonchet  with  his  strong 
rear-guard  took  up  his  line  of  retreat  for  the  north,  and  two  days 
afterwards  the  army,  some  twelve  hundred  strong,  marched  in 
pursuit.  The  Mohegans  and  Pequots,  among  the  Connecticut 
forces,  led  the  pursuit,  and  had  several  sharp  skirmishes  with  the 
enemy,  always  retreating  northward.  This  running  fight  was 
kept  up  for  several  days,  until  provisions  having  failed  and  no 
base  of  supplies  possible,  the  General  abandoned  the  pursuit  and 
marched  his  troops  to  Marlborough  and  thence  to  Boston.  The 
men  suffered  severely  in  this  march,  from  hunger,  and  it  was 
known  for  several  generations  as  the  “  hungry  march.” 

The  Connecticut  forces  separated  from  the  others  on  February 
3d,  and  the  main  body  of  the  army  arrived  in  Boston  on  the  8th 
and  were  dismissed.  A  company  under  Capt.  Wadsworth  wTas 
left  at  Marlborough  to  guard  the  frontiers  and  neighboring 
towns.  Canonchet  and  his  great  and  warlike  Narraganset  tribe, 
maddened  by  what  they  believed  their  wrongs,  and  thirsting  for 
vengeance,  were  now  joined  with  Philip  and  the  other  hostile 
tribes,  and  all  within  an  easy  day’s  call,  except  Philip  and  his 
band,  who  still  remained  in  their  retreat  beyond  Albany.  The 
time  was  critical  for  the  settlements ;  prompt  action  was 
necessary  on  the  part  of  the  Indian  leaders,  to  keep  their  young 
men  in  courage  and  training.  Upon  February  10th  the  Indians 
in  great  force  fell  upon  Lancaster,  and  nearly  destroyed  the  town. 
They  killed  or  took  captive  fifty  of  the  people.  Among  the 
captives  was  Mrs.  Rowlandson,  wife  of  the  minister.  One 
garrison-house  was  saved  by  the  arrival  of  Capt.  Wadsworth  and 
his  company  from  Marlborough.  On  February  21st  a  strong 
body  of  the  enemy  surprised  Medfield,  although  a  large  force  of 
soldiers  was  then  in  the  town.  There  were  no  guards  set,  nor 
other  precautions  taken.  The  soldiers  were  scattered  about  in 
the  houses,  and  the  Indians  placed  ambuscades  in  front  of  each 
house,  and  shot  them  down  as  they  rushed  out  upon  the  alarm. 
The  enemy  were  frightened  away  by  the  firing  of  a  cannon,  and 
crossed  the  river,  burning  the  bridge  behind  them.  Another 
army  was  now  raised  and  sent  to  the  Connecticut  River  towns, 
to  protect  them,  and  try  to  bring  the  enemy  to  battle.  There 
were  said  to  be  two  great  fortified  camps :  one  near  the 
“  Wachusett  Hill,”  and  the  other  at  Menameset,  beyond  Brook¬ 
field.  The  army  was  under  command  of  Major  Thomas  Savage, 
and  consisted  of  three  foot  companies  and  a  troop  of  horse  from 
Massachusetts.  Connecticut  sent  several  companies  of  English 
and  friendly  Indians.  A  number  of  Christian  Indians  from  the 
Naticks  went  with  Major  Savage.  The  army  marched  to  Mena¬ 
meset,  March  2d-4th,  to  find  the  dhemy  gone.  They  pursued 
them  to  Miller’s  River,  across  which  they  escaped.  It  was 
thought  that  this  great  body  of  the  enemy  would  now  fall  upon 


WAR  IN  THE  RIVER  TOWNS,  WEST. 


35 


the  western  towns,  so  that  the  army  marched  thither,  abandoning 
the  design  upon  “  Wachusett  Hill  ”  encampment.  Major  Savage 
disposed  his  forces  to  guard  the  towns.  On  March  14th  an 
attack  was  made  upon  Northampton,  but  was  repulsed  with 
severe  loss  to  the  enemy.  On  the  24th  they  appeared  at  Hatfield, 
but  finding  it  well  garrisoned  made  no  attack,  though  driving  off 
some  horses  and  cattle.  The  Indians  began  to  prepare  for  plant¬ 
ing  fields  along  the  river;  and  Canonchet  with  a  body  of  his  men 
went  back  to  their  country  to  bring  up  seed-corn,  of  which  large 
quantities  were  there  stored.  It  is  probable  that  a  large  company 
went  towards  Plymouth  Colony,  a  small  party  of  whom  destroyed 
the  house  and  family  of  Mr.  Clarke  at  Plymouth  village.  March 
17th  they  burned  Warwick.  Plymouth  Colony  sent  out  a  com¬ 
pany  of  fifty  men  under  Capt.  Michael  Peirse,  of  Marshfield,  to 
protect  its  frontiers.  A  party  of  twenty  friendly  Indians  under 
“  Capt.  Amos  ”  was  joined  with  Capt.  Peirse.  This  company 
marched  to  Seekonk,  and  there  had  a  sharp  skirmish  with  the 
Indians  on  the  evening  of  March  25th.  Next  day,  supposing 
they  had  beaten  the  Indians,  they  pursued  them  and  were  drawn 
into  an  ambush  and  surrounded,  near  Patuxit  River,  with  great 
numbers,  so  that  they  were  obliged  to  fight  to  the  death.  The 
whole  company,  including  the  officers,  were  killed,  together  with 
eight  out  of  the  twenty  Indians.  The  enemy,  too,  lost  very 
heavily.  March  28th  and  29th  the  Indians  burned  seventy 
houses  and  thirty  barns  at  Providence. 

In  the  meantime,  in  Massachusetts  the  enemy  were  not  idle. 
Lurking  parties  hovered  about  Groton,  plundering  the  vacated 
houses,  and  driving  away  any  stray  cattle  within  safe  reach.  On 
March  13th  they  fell  upon  the  town  in  force.  The  people  were 
gathered  in  five  garrison-houses.  One  of  the  garrison-houses 
was  captured,  but  the  people  mostly  escaped  to  another.  The 
other  garrison-houses  were  stoutly  defended.  The  Indians 
burned  the  unfortified  houses  and  withdrew.  On  March  26th, 
the  fatal  day  of  Capt.  Peirse’s  destruction,  they  burned  sixteen 
houses  and  thirteen  barns  at  Marlborough.  Capt.  Brocklebank, 
then  in  command  at  Marlborough,  sent  out  a  party  in  pursuit, 
who  overtook  and  surprised  the  enemy  at  night  sleeping  about 
their  fires,  fired  into  their  midst  and  put  them  to  flight.  On  the 
same  day,  at  Longmeadow,  a  party  going  to  Springfield  to  church 
was  ambushed  by  a  small  company  of  Indians,  and  several  were 
captured  and  killed. 

Finding  the  campaign  to  have  failed  in  its  main  object,  the 
Council  ordered  Major  Savage  to  withdraw  his  troops,  leaving 
Capt.  Wm.  Turner,  with  a  hundred  and  fifty  men,  to  garrison 
the  towns.  April  7tli  the  army  marched  homeward. 

But  now  the  Connecticut  authorities,  fearing  a  return  of  the 
Narragansets  to  their  vicinity,  in  numbers  such  as  overwhelmed 
Capt.  Peirse,  mustered  a  mixed  company  of  English  and  Indians, 


36 


king  philip’s  war. 

and  sent  them  into  the  Narraganset  country  under  command  of 
Capts.  Denison  and  Avery.  These,  guided  by  a  captive  whom 
they  had  taken,  surprised  and  captured  Canonchet  not  far  from 
the  Patuxit  river,  where  he  was  encamped  with  a  few  of  his 
men,  while  the  great  body  were  scattered,  scouting  and  foraging. 
He  was  soon  after  executed  by  Oneko,  by  the  judgment  of  the 
English  authorities.  The  death  of  Canonchet  was  really  the 
death-blow  of  the  war,  for  he  was  the  real  leader  of  all  active 
operations  at  this  time.  Philip  was  still  the  chief  instigator, 
however,  and  now  more  than  before,  became,  for  the  time,  the 
controlling  mind  of  a  larger  number  than  ever  before.  There 
were  dissensions,  however,  and  many  of  the  chiefs  began  to  mur¬ 
mur  and  some  to  threaten  against  him  as  the  cause  of  all  their 
troubles.  Some  of  the  river  tribes  began  to  show  signs  of 
weakening,  and  proposed  negotiations  with  the  English.  Philip 
withdrew  to  the  stronghold  near  Wachuset  with  such  as  adhered 
to  him,  and  with  Quinnapin,  and  such  of  the  Narragansets 
as  followed  him.  The  Indians  were  still  active,  and  watched 
every  chance  to  strike  a  blow.  They  came  to  Marlborough  on 
April  18th  and  burned  the  abandoned  houses  of  the  settlers. 
Capt.  Brocklebank  commanded  the  garrison  there  and  refused  to 
be  drawn  out  into  the  ambuscades,  which,  before  the  burning, 
the  Indians  had  set.  On  April  20th  they  crept  down  and  encom¬ 
passed  the  town  of  Sudbury.  On  that  day  Capt.  Wadsworth 
marched  up  from  Boston  with  a  company  of  fifty  men,  passed 
through  Sudbury,  and  doubtless  the  lines  of  the  enemy,  without 
any  knowledge  of  their  vicinity.  He  forced  his  march  to  the 
garrison  at  Marlborough,  where  they  arrived  about  midnight  on 
the  20th,  and  without  delay,  leaving  their  recruits,  took  those 
relieved  to  come  home,  including  Capt.  Brocklebank,  and  came 
back  towards  Sudbury.  The  great  numbers  of  Indians  had  en¬ 
compassed  the  town,  and  in  the  morning  of  the  21st  began  to 
bum  outlying  houses,  to  draw  out  the  inhabitants  from  the  garri¬ 
son.  They  soon  made  a  furious  and  persistent  attack  on  Haines’ 
garrison  from  morning  till  mid-day,  but  were  beaten  off,  until 
rumors  of  reinforcements  from  various  quarters  caused  them  to 
withdraw  to  meet  these.  Edward  Cowell  and  eighteen  troopers 
coming  to  the  relief  of  Sudbury  were  attacked,  but  escaped  with 
only  four  killed ;  they  turned  back,  suspecting  the  ambush  laid 
for  them.  Capt.  Wadsworth  soon  after  arrived  by  another  road, 
and  meeting  with  an  outpost  of  the  enemy,  rushed  forward  to 
engage  them,  and,  as  usual,  they  soon  found  themselves  sur¬ 
rounded  by  great  numbers,  and  were  forced  to  a  position  on  a 
hill,  where  most  of  the  company  fell  fighting,  including  Capts. 
Wadsworth,  Brocklebank,  and  Lieut.  Sharpe.  Some  sixteen  of 
the  company  managed  to  escape  to  a  mill,  and  there  defended 
themselves  until  relieved.  A  company  from  Watertown  arrived 
soon  after  Captain  Wadsworth,  and  crossing  the  river,  made  a 


WAR  IN  THE  RIVER  TOWNS,  WEST. 


37 


brave  attempt  to  get  to  the  hill  to  join  him  in  his  desperate  fight, 
but  were  nearly  surrounded  themselves  and  forced  to  retire. 
Capt.  Hunting  with  a  company  of  Christian  Indians  and  a  squad 
of  troopers  arrived  from  Charlestown  late  in  the  afternoon,  in 
time  to  rescue  the  men  at  the  mill.  After  this  fight,  in  which 
they  struck  such  a  terrible  blow,  and  so  close  to  Boston,  too, 
they  seem  to  have  retired  to  their  several  camps,  and  soon  to 
have  gathered  to  their  great  fishing-places  in  order  to  take  the 
run  of  fish.  Capt.  Turner  was  still  in  command  of  the  garrisons 
at  the  west.  From  captives  who  had  escaped,  and  scouts  here 
and  there,  came  rumors  of  a  great  company  of  Indians  fishing  at 
the  “  Upper  Falls  ”  of  the  Connecticut.  Capt.  Turner  and  his 
officers  were  anxious  to  strike  a  blow  against  the  enemy,  and 
Connecticut  authorities  were  applied  to,  and  promised  speedy 
reinforcements.  On  May  12th  the  Indians  made  a  raid  into 
Deerfield  meadows  and  stampeded  some  seventy  head  of  cattle 
belonging  to  the  English.  Roused  by  this  fresh  outrage,  the 
people  urged  retaliation,  and  Capt.  Turner  and  his  officers  deter¬ 
mined  to  attack  the  Indians  at  their  great  fishing-place  at  once. 
On  May  18th  the  whole  company  of  soldiers  and  volunteers, 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty,  mustered  at  Hatfield,  and  marched 
out  at  evening  towards  the  “Falls.”  They  eluded  the  outposts 
of  the  enemy,  and  at  daylight  arrived  undiscovered  at  the  camp 
of  the  Indians  at  the  fishing-place.  The  savages  were  asleep  in 
their  wigwams,  and  the  English  rushed  down  upon  them  and 
shot  them  by  scores,  pointing  their  muskets  in  through  the  wig¬ 
wam  doors.  No  resistance  was  possible,  and  those  who  escaped 
the  first  fire  fled  in  terror  to  the  river,  pursued  by  the  soldiers, 
and  were  cut  down  or  driven  into  the  water  without  mercy; 
many  were  drowned  attempting  to  cross  the  river. 

But  it  was  soon  found  that  there  were  several  other  great 
bodies  of  the  Indians,  above  and  below  the  Falls  on  both  sides  of 
the  river,  and  these  began  to  swarm  towards  the  fight.  Capt. 
Turner  now  prudently  began  a  retreat,  having  struck  his  blow. 
As  the  soldiers  retired  the  enemy  gathered  in  great  numbers  upon 
rear  and  flanks,  seeking  to  force  the  English  into  narrow  defiles 
Capt.  Holyoke  commanded  the  rear-guard,  and  checked  the 
enemy  by  stout  fighting,  but  for  which,  it  is  likely,  the  whole 
command  would  have  been  lost.  Capt.  Turner  led  the  advance, 
and  while  crossing  Green  River  was  shot  down  by  Indians  lying 
in  wait.  Capt.  Holyoke  then  led  the  company  back  to  Hatfield, 
fighting  nearly  the  whole  way.  There  the  killed  and  missing 
numbered  forty-five.  A  few  came  in  afterwards,  reducing  the 
number  of  the  lost  to  about  forty.  It  is  estimated  that  some  two 
hundred  Indians  must  have  been  destroyed. 

The  blow  struck  by  Capt.  Turner  greatly  intimidated  the 
enemy,  though  the  retreat  was  so  disastrous  to  the  English. 
The  tribes  became  divided  and  demoralized.  They  seem  to  have 


38 


king  Philip’s  war. 


broken  up  into  small  wandering  parties.  Philip,  with  large  num¬ 
bers  of  his  adherents,  went  down  towards  Plymouth.  Massachu¬ 
setts  sent  troops  to  the  western  frontiers  again,  and  also  to  aid 
Plymouth.  The  operations  in  the  field  were  mostly  the  pursuit 
of  non-combatants,  the  aged,  and  women  and  children.  Large 
numbers  of  the  Wampanoags  and  Narragansets  had  now  returned 
with  Philip  to  their  own  country.  Small  parties  from  time  to 
time  plundered  and  killed  as  opportunity  offered.  The  colonists 
were  roused  to  new  activity  at  the  evident  weakening  of  the 
Indians.  Aid  was  sent  to  Plymouth,  under  Capts.  Brattle  and 
Mosely ;  and  Capt.  Henchman  did  good  service  in  the  parts 
about  Brookfield.  Major  Talcott,  with  a  mixed  force  of  English 
and  Indians,  about  five  hundred  in  all,  came  up  the  river  and 
marched  into  Hadley  about  the  11th  of  June,  and  was  quartered 
there  on  the  12th,  when  the  Western  Indians,  some  seven  hundred 
strong,  made  their  last  great  assault  in  force  in  these  parts.  The 
town  was  quite  strongly  garrisoned  besides  this  reinforcement,  of 
which  probably  the  enemy  knew  nothing.  The  attack  was  alto¬ 
gether  unexpected  and  was  furious  and  determined,  but  the 
repulse  was  decided  and  sanguinary.  Major  Talcott  then  led  his 
force  down  into  the  Narraganset  country,  where,  about  the  2d 
of  July,  he  encountered  a  great  body  of  Indians,  and  driving 
them  into  the  woods  and  swamps  slew  great  numbers,  and  took 
many  captives.  The  plight  of  the  savages  was  pitiful ;  without 
ammunition,  without  leadership,  without  country  or  hope  of  any 
sort,  they  found  no  mercy  now  at  the  hands  of  their  olden  foes, 
the  Mohegans  and  Pequods,  nor  yet  the  English. 

The  remaining  operations  of  the  war  in  these  parts  were  simply 
the  hunting  down  of  almost  defenceless  enemies.  The  colonial 
authorities  issued  a  proclamation,  calling  all  those  Indians  who 
had  been  engaged  in  the  war  to  come  in  and  surrender,  submitting 
themselves  to  the  judgment  of  the  English  courts.  Many  parties 
sought  to  take  advantage  of  this,  but  were  captured  upon  their 
approach  by  scouting  parties,  and  treated  as  captives.  Some  of 
those  who  had  been  prominent  in  the  war  and  could  not  hope  for 
mercy,  escaped  to  the  eastward  and  put  themselves  under  the 
protection  of  Wannalancet  and  his  Pennacooks,  who  had  remained 
neutral.  Some  fled  farther  to  the  east,  and  there  incited  war. 

The  constant  success  which  the  Connecticut  troops  had  always 
had  after  their  use  of  the  Mohegans  and  Pequods,  wTas  a  plain 
rebuke  to  the  Massachusetts  colonists  for  the  numerous  disasters 
from  which  the  Christian  Indians  might  have  saved  them,  if  they 
had  trusted  and  employed  them.  As  soon  as  Capt.  Hunting  and 
his  Indian  company  were  put  in  the  field,  this  appeared.  The 
Indians  in  small  parties  skulking  in  woods  and  swamps  might 
have  eluded  English  soldiers  for  years,  but  as  soon  as  other 
Indians  were  employed,  escape  was  impossible. 

At  the  close  of  July,  many  of  Philip’s  followers  had  been 


DEATH  OF  PHILIP,  AUGUST  12,  1676. 


39 


taken,  and  his  wife  and  several  of  his  chief  men  were  captives  or 
had  been  killed.  With  a  small  band  of  his  followers  he  was 
hiding  in  the  swamps  at  Mount  Hope  and  Pocasset.  English 
scouting  parties  were  active  in  all  parts  of  the  colonies  hunting 
down  the  trembling  and  unresisting  fugitives,  and  especially 
Philip.  Benjamin  Church  was  among  the  most  active  in  hunting 
and  bringing  in  the  Indians,  and  when  one  of  Philip’s  men  came 
to  betray  his  chief,  he  found  Mr.  Church  at  Major  Sanford’s  in 
Rhode  Island,  with  his  scouting  party  of  English  and  Indians  a 
short  distance  away.  Upon  the  news  of  Philip’s  hiding-place 
and  the  offer  of  the  Indian  to  lead  thither,  Mr.  Church  gathered 
as  many  as  he  could  enlist  in  addition  to  his  party,  and,  under 
the  lead  of  the  Indian  deserter  (who  acted,  it  is  said,  from 
motives  of  revenge  for  his  brother's  death,  by  Philip’s  hand, 
because  he  advised  him  to  make  peace  with  the  English),  the 
party  marched  with  great  secrecy  to  Mount  Hope.  Mr.  Church 
arranged  his  attack  with  skill,  and  came  upon  Philip’s  party 
unguarded  and  asleep,  and  Philip  springing  up  and  attempting 
to  escape  to  the  swamp  near  by,  was  confronted  with  two  of  Mr. 
Church’s  guards,  an  Englishman  and  an  Indian.  The  English¬ 
man’s  gun  missed  fire,  but  the  Indian,  named  “  Alderman,”  imme¬ 
diately  fired  and  shot  the  great  chief  through  the  breast,  so  that 
he  fell  forward  into  the  water  of  the  swamp,  upon  his  face,  dead. 
Philip  was  killed  August  12th,  1676.  Weetamoo’s  party,  the  sad 
remnant  of  her  tribe,  had  been  captured  on  the  7th,  and  she, 
trying  to  escape  across  a  river,  was  drowned,  and,  her  body  being 
found,  her  head  was  cut  off  and  paraded  in  the  public  streets. 

After  Philip’s  death,  his  chief  counsellor,  Annawon,  led  the 
rest  of  the  party  out  of  the  swamp  and  escaped.  With  his  party 
he  soon  after  surrendered  to  Mr.  Church.  The  death  of  Philip 
was  practically  the  close  of  the  war,  though  hostilities  continued 
for  some  time  after,  and  at  the  eastward  for  a  year  or  more  longer. 
At  Dover,  Major  Richard  Walderne  had  held  command  of  the 
military  interests  and  operations  in  those  parts.  He  was  a  trusted 
friend  of  Wannalancet  and  the  neighboring  Indians.  Under  the 
proclamation  the  old  chief  and  his  people  came  in  without  fear, 
as  they  had  taken  no  part  whatever  in  the  war.  There  were 
many  Indians  with  them,  however,  it  was  suspected,  who  had 
been  among  the  hostiles,  and  now  wished  to  come  in  with  the 
Pennacooks  and  secure  the  advantages  of  their  influence  in  giving 
themselves  up.  They  began  to  come  in  at  Dover  about  the  first 
of  September,  and  when,  on  the  6th,  the  companies,  sent  to  the 
eastward  under  Capt.  Hathorn,  arrived  at  Dover,  there  were 
some  four  hundred  there,  including  the  Pennacooks.  In  some 
way  the  immediate  surrender  of  all  these  was  received,  probably 
by  Major  Walderne’s  great  influence  with  them.  They  were 
then  disarmed,  and  as  the  Massachusetts  officers  insisted  upon 
treating  them  all  as  prisoners  of  war,  Major  Walderne  was 


40 


king  philip’s  war. 


obliged  to  send  all,  save  Wannalancet  and  his  “relations,”  down 
to  Boston  to  be  tried  there  by  the  Court.  The  number  sent  was 
about  two  hundred. 

Some  of  the  Southern  Indians,  having  lost  all  except  their  own 
lives,  passed  to  the  Eastern  tribes  and  were  active  in  exciting  to 
hostility.  The  local  Indians  had  been  hostile  the  previous  year, 
committing  depredations  from  the  Kennebec  to  Portsmouth.  In 
the  summer  of  1676,  it  is  thought  that  many  who  had  been 
among  the  Indians  in  the  war,  came  to  these  tribes  and  caused  ' 
much  of  the  trouble  which  ensued.  The  day  before  Philip’s 
death  the  Indians  fell  upon  the  settlers  at  Falmouth,  and  killed 
or  carried  away  some  thirty-four  persons  and  burned  their  houses. 
Further  eastward  also  the  settlements  were  attacked.  It  was 
upon  these  occasions  that  Capt.  Hathorn’s  force  was  sent  to  these 
parts.  They  marched  on  from  Dover  on  September  8th,  as  far 
as  Falmouth,  Capt.  Hunting’s  Indians  scouting  the  woods.  This 
expedition  was  not  of  much  avail,  as  the  Indians  easily  eluded 
the  troops,  being  only  war  parties  without  the  encumbrance  of 
women  and  children. 

In  November,  1676,  a  company  was  sent  up  into  the  mountain 
regions  of  New  Hampshire  to  break  up  a  winter  encampment  of 
the  Ammoscoggin  and  Pigwacket  Indians,  who  had  been  active 
in  the  hostile  movements  at  the  eastward  settlements  during 
the  summer  and  fall,  and  were  now  said  to  be  gathering  into 
winter  quarters  in  a  great  fort,  near  “  Ossapy  Lake.” 

After  a  severe  march,  the  fort  was  discovered,  but  no  signs  of 
Indians,  and  after  scouting  in  small  parties  some  twelve  miles 
beyond  this  fort,  they  burned  the  same,  and  marched  back  to 
Berwick,  having  been  gone  nine  days.  In  the  meantime  the 
Penobscot  sagamore,  Mugg,  or,  as  he  was  afterwards  called,  “  Mogg 
Hegone  ”  (and  in  Whittier’s  poem  Mogg  Megone),  came  to  the 
English  in  behalf  of  Madockawando,  the  sachem  of  Penobscot, 
to  treat  for  peace,  and  the  return  of  the  English  captives.  A 
treaty  was  concluded  at  Boston,  November  6th,  1676,  by  which 
Mugg  agreed  to  return  all  the  captives  and  goods  taken  from  the 
English,  and  offered  to  remain  with  the  English  until  the  same 
was  done.  Two  vessels  were  fitted  out,  and  sailed  to  Penobscot, 
where  they  arrived  the  first  week  in  December,  and  found  the 
great  chief,  Madockawando,  who  received  and  treated  them 
kindly.  He  delivered  to  them  two  captives,  who  were  then  with 
him,  and  Mugg  was  allowed  to  go  up  into  the  country,  to  try  to 
bring  down  some  others,  who  were  said  to  be  at  another  camp. 
He  did  not  return ;  and  the  vessels,  after  a  few  days’  waiting, 
sailed  to  Pemaquid,  where  they  received  some  more  English 
captives,  and  returned  home.  Among  the  captives  received  at 
Pemaquid  was  Thomas  Cobbet,  son  of  Rev.  Thomas,  of  Ipswich. 
He  had  been  among  the  savages  for  several  months,  and  his 
interesting  story  of  his  captivity  gave  much  and  correct  informa- 


war  at  the  eastward. 


41 


tion  in  regard  to  the  strength,  habits,  temper,  and  intentions  of 
the  Indians  and  their  other  captives. 

Soon  after  that,  another  captive,  Francis  Card,  escaped  and 
brought  later  news,  and  one  item  of  great  importance  was  that 
Mugg  had  returned  to  the  Indians  on  the  Kennebec,  who  were 
the  real  leaders  in  the  war  in  those  parts.  He  said  that  Mugg 
boasted  greatly  of  the  trick  he  had  played  upon  the  English, 
and  threatened  great  things  to  be  done  against  them  in  the 
spring.  He  gave  a  minute  description  of  the  country,  the  con¬ 
dition  of  the  Indians,  and  the  easiest  approaches  to  their  places 
of  encampment. 

He  said  that  the  numbers  of  the  Indians  were  not  so  large  as 
reported,  their  war-party,  in  full  force,  being  not  over  a  hundred 
men.  The  captives  with  them  were  well,  and  not  abused,  except 
they  were  made  to  work  for  their  captors.  Stirred  up  and 
encouraged  by  this  report,  the  Council  at  Boston  raised  a  force 
of  two  hundred  men,  of  whom  sixty  were  Natick  Indians,  and 
sent  them  away  by  water,  to  the  eastward,  the  first  week  in 
February;  Major  Waldron,  of  Dover,  being  Commander-in-chief 
of  the  expedition.  The  forces  were  at  Blackpoint  on  February 
17th,  and  sailed  eastward  along  the  shore,  landing  in  Maquoit 
Bay,  where  Capt.  Frost  with  his  company  had  a  skirmish  with  a 
body  of  the  savages,  without  much  loss  on  either  side,  and  fol¬ 
lowed  next  day  with  an  attempt  at  a  treaty.  Thence  they  sailed 
around  to  the  Kennebec,  and  landing  at  Arrowsick  Island,  left  a 
part  of  their  force  there,  to  build  a  fort  and  establish  a  garrison. 
Major  Waldron,  with  a  part  of  the  company  under  Capt.  Frost, 
went  to  Pemaquid  and  ransomed  some  captives  there ;  but,  dis¬ 
covering  a  plot  to  destroy  himself  and  a  small  party  who  went 
on  shore  to  treat  with  the  Indians,  he  called  his  soldiers  ashore, 
and  attacking  the  enemy  furiously,  drove  them  to  their  canoes 
which  they  had  near  by,  killing  some,  among  whom  was  the 
sagamore  Mattahando,  leader  in  this  affair.  Sailing  back  to 
Arrowsick,  Major  Waldron  gathered  his  forces  together,  leaving 
a  small  garrison  at  Kennebec,  and  went  home  to  Boston,  where 
they  arrived  safely,  without  the  loss  of  a  man,  on  March  11th, 
1677. 

In  April  following  an  attempt  was  made  by  the  Massachusetts 
authorities  to  enlist  the  Mohawk  Indians  against  the  hostile 
savages  upon  the  North  and  Eastern  borders.  Major  Pynclion, 
of  Springfield,  with  Mr.  James  Richards  of  Hartford,  and  twelve 
men  as  a  guard,  made  a  journey  to  the  Mohawk  country  to  arrange 
for  their  cooperation. 

This  action  was  taken  with  the  advice  of  Gov.  Andros,  of  New 
York,  and  some  of  the  Indians  did  really  come  into  the  borders 
of  New  Hampshire  and  Maine ;  but  the  distance  was  so  great 
from  their  country  that  little  was  achieved  except  by  the  terror 
inspired  among  the  Eastern  tribes,  by  the  rumor  of  their  coming. 


42 


king  philip’s  war. 


This  measure  was  questioned  by  many  as  to  its  lawfulness,  in 
employing  heathen  to  fight  the  battles  of  the  Lord ;  but  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Court  fell  back  upon  the  scriptural  precedent  of  Abraham 
employing  the  Amorites,  and  so  justified  its  somewhat  ques¬ 
tionable  proceeding.  The  Indians  on  the  Kennebec  were  not 
deterred  from  hostilities,  which  were  renewed  by  the  killing  of 
nine  of  the  garrison  left  the  year  before,  at  that  place.  So  the 
Massachusetts  Court  at  once  called  upon  the  other  colonies  to 
assist  them  in  raising  a  new  force  to  send  into  those  parts.  Up 
to  the  present  time,  Massachusetts  had  borne  the  whole  expense 
of  the  Eastern  wars,  but  now  call  them  to  raise  their  proportional 
part  of  one  hundred  English,  and  two  hundred  Indian  soldiers,  to 
rendezvous  at  Blackpoint.  But  in  the  meantime  Massachusetts 
had  acted  with  promptness  in  sending  Capt.  Hunting  to  bring 
the  remaining  garrison  at  Kennebec,  and  strengthening  the  gar¬ 
risons  at  Wells  with  a  company  under  Capt.  Benjamin  Swett,  and 
at  Blackpoint  with  another  company  under  Lieut.  Tippin.  In 
May,  the  Eastern  tribes,  elated  by  their  success  in  driving  the 
English  out  of  their  country,  gathered  all  their  forces  against 
the  above  garrisons.  The  Indian  leaders  in  this  campaign  were 
Symon,  a  renegade  Christian  Indian,  and  Mugg,  above  mentioned, 
both  wary  and  skilful,  and  well  acquainted  with  the  country 
around,  and  with  the  English  people  and  their  habits.  The 
Indian  forces  under  these  leaders  at  this  time  were  well-tried 
men  from  the  Penobscot,  Kennebec,  and  Ammoscoggin  tribes  of 
the  Tarratines,  ranking  as  fighters  next  to  the  Pequods  and 
Mohawks.  They  were  well  equipped  and  supplied,  probably  by 
the  French  in  Canada. 

It  does  not  appear  that  either  of  the  other  colonies  sent  men  to 
assist  in  this  campaign,  and  the  force  that  was  raised  by  Massa¬ 
chusetts  was  too  small,  and  the  English  part  of  it  was  mostly  of 
young  and  untried  men  and  boys  who  had  seen  no  service  except 
in  garrisons.  They  seem  also  to  have  entirely  underrated  the 
numbers  and  temper  of  the  enemy.  On  the  13th  of  May,  the 
Blackpoint  garrison  had  beaten  off  a  large  body  of  the  Indians 
after  a  fierce  assault  of  three  days,  on  the  last  of  which  Lieut. 
Tippin  had  shot  and  killed  the  leader,  Mugg ;  when  the  Indians 
had  gone  away  towards  Wells  and  York,  as  told  above.  On  July 
28th,  Capt.  Swett,  with  forty  young  English  recruits,  and  a  com¬ 
pany  of  thirty-six  Natick  Indians,  landed  at  Blackpoint  garrison- 
house,  the  Indians  being  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  James 
Richardson.  Next  morning  the  enemy  with  quite  a  large  party 
appeared  not  far  from  the  fort,  when  Capt.  Swett  drew  out  his 
whole  force,  with  a  number  from  the  garrison,  and  pursued  them 
with  headlong  haste  about  two  miles,  when,  at  the  edge  of  a  hill, 
with  a  dark  swamp  on  each  side,  they  found  themselves  am¬ 
bushed,  after  the  old  fashion  at  Brookfield,  Deerfield,  Sudbury, 
etc.,  whose  lessons,  after  two  centuries,  the  American  soldiers 


WAR  AT  THE  EASTWARD. 


43 


have  not  fully  learned.  Half  the  English  were  shot  down  at  the 
first  volley,  and  the  raw  young  lads  were  completely  panic- 
stricken,  and  unable  to  make  any  defence.  The  Captain  with  a 
few  tried  men  rallied  and  attempted  to  bring  off  their  wounded 
and  make  good  a  retreat  to  the  fort.  The  odds  were  too  heavy 
against  him,  and  having  received  many  wounds,  he  was  at  last 
surrounded  and  overpowered  by  the  foe,  and  fell  not  far  from 
the  garrison,  still  fighting. 

Lieut.  Richardson  fell  near  the  first  onset.  Forty  of  the  Eng¬ 
lish  and  twelve  of  the  Natick  Indians  were  killed  at  the  time. 
It  is  not  known  how  many  the  enemy  lost ;  but  they  made  no 
further  attempt  upon  the  garrison  and  soon  retired.  The  next 
hostile  move  of  these  Indians  was  in  a  new  direction.  They  cap¬ 
tured  no  less  than  thirteen  fishing-vessels  with  their  crews  and 
loads  along  the  Eastern  shores. 

In  August  of  this  year  (1677),  Gov.  Andros,  of  New  York, 
sent  a  ship  with  a  force  of  men  to  Pemaquid,  which,  when  the 
Indians  understood,  they  soon,  for  some  reason,  came  to  proper 
terms  of  peace,  returned  the  English  captives  and  the  captured 
vessels  into  the  hands  of  the  New  York  soldiers,  by  whom  they 
were  soon  returned  home. 

Yet  another  act  in  this  long  tragedy  was  to  come.  The  scene 
changes  to  Hatfield,  where,  September  19th,  the  people  of  that 
village  were  engaged  in  raising  a  house,  having  no  thought  of  any 
Indian  hostility  in  the  colony.  Suddenly  they  were  set  upon  by 
a  party  of  River  Indians,  forty  or  fifty  in  number,  who  had  crept 
about  them  so  secretly  that  they  were  unarmed  and  utterly  help¬ 
less.  Some  were  shot  down  from  the  frame  of  the  building. 
Twelve  were  killed  outright,  and  some  twenty  more  were  made 
captive  and  carried  to  Canada.  The  story  of  the  captivity  and 
redemption  of  these  last,  by  the  two  brave  Hatfield  men,  Ben¬ 
jamin  Wait  and  Stephen  Jennings,  is  one  of  the  most  heroic  and 
interesting  of  the  whole  war.  The  Indians  killed  one  man  and 
captured  three  more  at  Deerfield  that  same  day.  This  was  the 
last  act  of  any  considerable  importance  in  the  war  known  as 
“  King  Philip’s  War,”  the  particulars  of  which  are  to  be  related 
in  the  following  chapters. 


1 


THE  BEGINNING  OF  HOSTILITIES  IN  KING 

PHILIP’S  WAR. 


I. 

CAPTAIN  DANIEL  HENCHMAN’S  COMPANY. 

AT  the  opening  of  the  war,  the  colonial  militia  was  quite 
efficiently  organized.  Each  county  had  its  regiment  of 
“  trained  soldiers.”  The  regiments  of  Suffolk  and  Middlesex 
counties  consisted  of  fifteen  companies  of  Foot  and  one  of  Cavalry 
each.  The  Essex  regiment  was  of  thirteen  Foot  and  one  Cavalry ; 
the  other  counties  smaller.  There  were  seventy-three  organized 
companies  in  the  Massachusetts  Colony,  besides  an  independent 
cavalry  company  called  the  “  Three  County  Troop,”  made  up  in 
Suffolk,  Middlesex  and  Essex.  The  highest  military  officer  of  the 
colony  was  Major  General  Daniel  Denison,  of  Ipswich.  The 
highest  regimental  officer  at  this  time  was  Major,  or  Sergeant 
Major.  These  local  companies  were  not  sent  on  active  service  out 
of  their  towns,  but  men  were  impressed  from  the  number  and 
placed  under  officers  appointed  for  special  service  by  the  Council. 
Each  company  of  Foot  had  a  Captain,  Lieutenant,  Ensign,  Clerk, 
Sergeants,  Corporals,  and  a  Drummer.  Cavalry  had  Cornett 
instead  of  Ensign  and  a  Trumpeter  and  Quartermaster.  The 
regular  number  of  privates  in  foot  companies  was  seventy,  in 
the  cavalry  fifty.  On  special  service  it  was  more.  The  pay 
of  soldiers  was  6s.  per  week,  and  5s.  was  paid  for  their  “  dyet.” 
There  is  no  way  of  determining  the  rate  of  pay  from  Hull’s 
Journal,  as  all  payments  are  “on  acct”  and  do  not  specify  time 
of  service.  Plymouth  Colony  paid  the  private  soldiers  2s.  per 
day,  Drummers  2s.  6d.,  Sergeant  3s.,  Ensign  4s.,  “  Lieftenant  ” 
5s.,  Captain  6s.  A  “  Chyrurgion”  or  doctor  was  attached  to  each 
expedition.  A  chaplain  also  generally  served  with  each  expedi¬ 
tion.  The  price  paid  for  horses  was  18d.  per  week.  Prices  of 
Clothing,  “  Wastcoats,”  6s.,  Drawers  5s.  6d.,  “  Stockins  ”  2s., 
Shirts  6s.,  Shoes  4s. 

On  the  Mount  Hope  expedition  the  soldiers  used  the  Old 
Matchlock  musket,  the  “  Regulation  ”  weapon  of  that  time  ;  but 
it  was  afterwards  discarded  as  not  so  serviceable  as  the  Flintlock 


46 


king  philip’s  war. 


or  “  Snaphance.”  There  were  no  bayonets  in  use,  but  each  com¬ 
pany  at  first  had  a  number  of  Pikemen,  soon  found  to  be  useless 
in  an  Indian  fight.  The  “Matchlock”  was  an  exceedingly 
cumbrous  affair,  and  was  too  long  and  heavy  to  fire  at  arm’s 
length,  so  that  each  soldier  was  obliged  to  carry  a  “  rest  ”  (a 
crotched  staff  pointed  at  the  foot  with  iron,  and  attached  to  his 
wrist  by  a  string).  No.  7  of  the  orders  in  musket  drill,  “  Elton’s 
Tactics,”  was,  “  Put  the  string  of  your  rest  about  your  left  wrist.” 
The  Indians  always  used  the  Flintlock,  and  used  slugs,  or  heavy 
shot  instead  of  bullets.  The  other  equipments  of  a  foot  soldier 
were  a  “  Snapsack,”  six  feet  of  match  or  fuse,  a  Bandoleer,  which 
was  a  leathern  belt  passing  over  the  right  shoulder  and  under  the 
left  arm  and  containing  a  dozen  or  more  round  boxes  each  hold¬ 
ing  one  charge  of  powder ;  a  bag  of  bullets  and  a  horn  of  prim¬ 
ing-powder  was  also  attached  to  this  belt.  These  matters  will  be 
more  fully  treated  in  the  Appendix. 

BEGINNING  OF  HOSTILITIES. 

A  brief  survey  of  the  state  of  affairs  in  Boston  on  June  24th, 
1675,  when  news  of  the  attack  of  the  Indians  on  Swansea,  and 
Plymouth  Colony's  appeal  for  aid,  arrived,  may  be  in  place  here, 
especially  as  in  Massachusetts  Records  there  is  nothing  relating 
to  the  matter  from  the  adjournment  of  the  Court  on  May  12 
until  it  was  called  together  on  July  19th.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  the  records  are  lost,  as  we  know  many  important  meetings 
were  held  in  this  time.  I  insert  the  following  fragments,  pre¬ 
served  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  as  testimony  of  the  energy  which 
the  Court  displayed  in  answering  the  appeal  of  the  sister  colony. 

The  following  is  a  portion  of  a  letter  from  the  General  Court 
of  Massachusetts  Colony  to  Plymouth  Colony,  in  answer  to  her 
appeal  for  assistance: 

June  24.  1675. 

Honrd  Sr  According  to  what  I  writ  you  yesterday  we  are  now  con¬ 
vened  in  Council  to  Consider  of  your  desire  of  a  supply  of  some  men 
from  hence  and  we  have  resolved  to  rayse  one  hundred  foot  and  50 
horse  that  shall  be  speedily  upon  their  march  towards  Swansey  .... 
and  for  the  furtherance  and  better  management  &c  we  have  commis- 
sionated  our  faithful  friend  Major  Thomas  Savage  &c. 

[June  24,  1675.]  Att  a  meeting  of  the  General  Court  on  the  24. 
June  1675.  Ordered  that  the  Secretary  issue  out  a  warrant  to  the  Con¬ 
stable  of  Boston  to  Impress  forthwith  five  Able  and  Special  horses  for 
the  service  of  the  country,  and  that  Capt  Savage  and  Capt  Oliver  have 
charge  of  them,  and  their  men  each  of  them  one. 

Capt  Richard  is  voted  to  goe  forth  in  this  Expedition  (who  shame¬ 
fully  refused  the  Employment).1 

iThis  parenthesis  is  added  by  another  hand.  This  captain  was  John  Richard,  of  the 
6th  Company,  and  as  he  was  afterwards  a  trusted  officer  in  the  colony,  probably  the  Court 
did  not  agree  with  the  remark  of  the  anonymous  writer. 


BEGINNING  OF  HOSTILITIES. 


47 


Capt  Daniel  Henchman  was  chosen  and  voted  to  goe  forth  as  Capt 
of  100  men  for  the  service  of  this  Colony  on  ye  designe  to  go  to  Plym¬ 
outh  Coly. 

Capt  Thomas  Prentice  is  appointed  to  he  Capt  of  the  Horse. 

To  the  Militia  of  the  town  of  Boston,  Cha.  Camb.  Watertown, 
Roxbury,  Dorchester,  Dedham,  Brantrey,  Weymouth,  Hingham, 
Maulden  —  You  are  hereby  required  in  his  Majesty’s  name  to  take 
notice  that  the  Govr  &  Council  have  ordered  100  able  souldjers  forth¬ 
with  impressed  out  of  the  severall  Towns  according  to  the  proportions 
hereunder  written  for  the  aid  and  assistance  of  our  confederate  Plym¬ 
outh  in  the  designe  afoote  agst  the  Indians,  and  accordingly  you  are 
to  warne  afsd  proportions  to  be  ready  at  an  hours  warning  from  Capt 
Daniel  Henchman  who  is  appointed  Captain  and  Commander  of  the 
Foote  Company  that  each  souldjer  shal  have  his  armes  compleat  and 
Snapsack  ready  to  march  and  not  faile  to  be  at  the  randevous. 


To  the  Committee  of 


The  Council  is  adjourned  till  tomorrow  at  8  of  the  clock  at  Rox¬ 
bury. 

E.  R.  Sec’y.  (i.e.  Edward  Rawson,  Secretary.) 


The  special  commission  of  Capt.  Henchman  for  this  service  is 
also  in  the  Archives,  vol.  67. 


To  D.  H.  Capt.  with  the  Consent  of  the  Councill  for  the  Colony  of 
Mass,  in  New  England. 


Whereas  you  are  apoynted  Capt  of  a  foote  Company  to  Serve  in 
this  Expedition  for  the  assistance  of  our  neighbors  of  Plimouth  against 
the  insolences  and  outrages  of  the  natives,  these  are  to  wil  and  require 
you  to  take  charge  of  the  said  Company  of  foote,  mounted  as  dragoons, 
&  you  are  to  command  and  instruct  your  inferior  officers  and  souldjers 
according  to  military  rules  for  the  service  and  saftey  of  the  Country, 
and  you  to  attend  such  orders  from  tyme  to  tyme  as  you  shal  receyve 
from  your  superior  Commanders  or  the  Council  of  this  Colony. 

Past  25  June  1675 


Signed  by  ye  Govnr 


E.  R.  Secy 


Daniel  Henchman  appears  in  Boston  as  early  as  March,  1666, 
when  he  was  employed  at  a  salary  of  <£40  per  annum  “  to  assist 
Mr  Woodmancy  in  the  Grammar  Schoole  and  teach  the  childere 
to  wright ;  ”  was  on  a  committee  with  Capts.  Gookin,  Prentice 
and  Beers,  to  lay  out  “the  new  Plantation  at  Quansigamond 
Ponds”  (now  Worcester),  and  settle  its  affairs,  in  1667.  He 
was  thereafter  the  chief  manager  in  that  settlement,  and  received 
the  largest  number  of  acres  in  the  first  division.  He  was 
admitted  freeman  in  1672;  was  appointed  captain  of  5th  Boston 
Company,  Colonial  Militia,  May  12,  1675,  and  commissioned  for 
the  special  expedition,  as  above  noted.  He  is  seen  to  have  been 
one  of  the  most  trusted  officers  of  the  Court. 


48 


king  philip’s  war. 


Capt.  Daniel  Henchman  m.  (probably  in  England)  Sarah,  dau. 
of  Hezekiah  Woodward,  Gentleman,  of  Uxbridge,  Middlesex, 
England,  who,  in  his  will  of  the  22:  Feb’y  1674,  gives  “to  the 
five  children  of  my  daughter,  Sarah  Henchman  deceased,  by 
Daniel  Henchman  of  Boston  in  New  England,”  the  sum  of 
“  twenty  pounds  apiece,  to  be  paid  at  their  respective  ages  of 
twenty-one  years.”  Then  he  gives  all  his  lands  and  tenements 
in  Ireland,  to  the  said  Daniel  Henchman,  in  trust  for  the  said 
children.  Their  five  children  whose  names  are  known  to  us 
were  Richard,  Hezekiah,  Nathaniel,  Susanna  b.  7 :  June :  1667, 
and  William,  b.  28  :  July  :  1669,  and  died  sometime  before  March 
29:  1673.  Sarah,  the  wife,  died;  and  Capt.  Henchman  married, 
26:  April,  1762,  Mary,  dau.  of  William  Poole  of  Dorchester,  by 
whom  he  had  William  (2),  b.  29;  March,  1673;  Jane,  b.  25: 
May:  1674;  Daniel,  b.  16  :  June,  1677 ;  and  Mary,  b.  1 :  June, 
1682.  He  died  at  Worcester,  15  :  Oct.  1685.  His  Widow  Mary, 
and  his  sons  Richard  and  Hezekiah  administered  upon  his  estate, 
which  by  inventory  of  29:  Apr.  1686,  was  rated  <£1381 :  13 :  09. 
The  surname  appears  in  various  forms,  as  Hinchman,  Hincksman, 
Hinksman,  etc.  Two  of  his  descendants,  through  his  son 
Nathaniel,  have  graduated  at  Harvard. 

CAPT.  HENCHMAN  MARCHES  FROM  BOSTON  TO  MOUNT  HOPE. 

Pursuant  to  his  commission,  Capt.  Henchman  marshalled  his 
company,  and,  on  the  afternoon  of  June  26:  1675,  marched  out 
from  Boston  in  company  with  the  “  troop  of  horse,”  under  the  com¬ 
mand  of  Capt.  Thomas  Prentice,  of  Cambridge.  At  Dedham  they 
halted  for  an  hour,  during  an  eclipse  of  the  moon,  which  occurred 
on  that  evening.  Then  they  marched  on  as  far  as  “  Woodcock’s 
Garrison  ”  (Attleboro’),  where  they  arrived  in  the  morning, 
and  waited  until  the  afternoon,  when  Capt.  Mosely  with  his 
company  of  “Volunteers”  overtook  them,  and  the  three  com¬ 
panies  then  marched  on  together  to  Swansey.  They  arrived  at 
the  house  of  Rev.  John  Miles,  the  minister  of  Swansey,  where 
they  quartered  for  the  night.  This  was  on  J une  28.  On  the 
29th,  Major  Thomas  Savage,  commander-in-chief  of  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  forces,  arrived  with  his  company  and  the  Troop  of  Capt. 
Nicholas  Paige.  Capt.  Henchman’s  men  were  engaged  in  the 
movements  through  Mount  Hope,  and  scouting  about  the  country 
until  July  4th,  when  they  marched  back  to  headquarters  at 
Swansey.  At  a  council  of  war,  July  5th,  in  consequence  of 
orders  received  from  Boston  by  hand  of  Capt.  Hutchinson,  it 
was  determined  to  march  all  the  Massachusetts  forces  into  the 
Narraganset  country.  Accordingly  the  next  ten  days  were  spent 
in  the  march  thither,  and  the  treaty  with  the  Sachems.  During 
this  time  the  Plymouth  forces  under  Major  James  Cudworth,  Capt. 
Matthew  Fuller,  and  Benjamin  Church  were  pursuing  Philip 
into  Pocasset ;  and  Mr.  Church  “  hasted  over  and  ‘  borrowed  ’ 


HENCHMAN  AT  MOUNT  HOPE. 


49 


three  files  of  Henchman’s  men  and  his  lieutenant,”  to  assist  in 
the  enterprise.  On  July  15th,  all  the  Massachusetts  forces 
marched  to  Rehobo th,  on  the  16th  to  Mattapoisett,  on  the  17th 
to  Taunton,  and  on  the  18th  to  Pocasset  Swamp,  where  they 
immediately  attacked  the  Indians,  and  five  English  were  killed 
and  seven  wounded.  Owing  to  the  darkness  the  forces  withdrew. 
It  was  decided  to  withdraw  all  the  Massachusetts  troops  except 
Capt.  Henchman’s  company,  which  remained  with  the  Plymouth 
forces  at  Pocasset.  Maj.  Savage,  Capts.  Paige  and  Mosely 
marched  back  to  Boston,  and  Capt.  Prentice  with  his  troop 
scouted  towards  Mendon.  It  was  determined  to  build  a  fort 
at  Pocasset  and  “  starve  Philip  out.”  But  near  the  end  of  July 
Philip  escaped  by  water,  either  wading  at  low  tide,  or  “wafting” 
on  rafts,  and  passed  into  the  Nipmuck  country,  abandoning 
about  one  hundred  of  their  women  and  children  in  the  swamp. 
Capt.  Henchman  appears  not  to  have  known  of  Philip’s  escape 
until  news  was  brought  him  from  the  mainland  on  July  29th, 
80th,  etc.  Letters  to  him  from  Rev.  Noah  Newman  and  Peter 
Hunt,  of  Rehoboth,  were  enclosed  by  him  in  one  of  his  own  to 
the  Governor  (which  I  have  copied  here),  and  are  preserved  in 
the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67.  In  itself  it  is  tne  best  explana¬ 
tion  of  this  time  at  hand.  Fort  Leverett  was  at  Pocasset, 
built  by  Capt.  Henchman’s  company  and  named  for  the 
governor. 

Letter  of  Capt.  Daniel  Henchman  to  the  Governor. 

Hond  Sr.  Fort  Leverett,  July  31,  1675. 

Since  my  last  (of  the  28th)  the  Generali  the  29th  day  landed  here  one 
hundred  men,  his  designe  to  releeve  Dartmouth  being  as  reported  in 
some  distress  ;  Past  nine  of  the  clock  last  night  Lt  Thomas  brought 
me  the  two  first  enclosed  letters  from  Rehoboth  and  Mr  James  Brown 
with  him  to  press  my  going  thither,  which  with  what  strength  I  could 
was  yeelded  to,  (I  having  just  finished  the  South  East  flanker  of  the 
fort  so  farr  as  to  be  a  good  defence  for  my  men)  drew  my  company 
together  by  a  false  alarm  in  the  night,  some  being  at  a  distance  get¬ 
ting  stockadoes ;  and  provided  for  our  March  before  day  taking  six 
files  with  me  and  the  17  Indians  (all  now  left)  and  leaving  five  files 
behind  to  be  going  on  with  the  work,  and  the  Brigandine ;  About 
11  of  the  clock  a  second  post  came  to  acquaint  me  with  the  third 
enclosed  letter.  Mr  Brown  and  the  L‘  being  gon  to  endeavour  the 
giving  of  notice  to  the  Gen11  to  Warwick  and  the  Narragansett  Indians 
to  head  Philip,  At  break  I  shipped  my  men  in  a  sloope  for  Seaconk 
and  while  under  sail  Mr  Almie  brought  word  that  one  Dan.  Stanton 
of  the  Island  at  his  returne  yesterday  from  Dartmouth  affirmes  that 
severall  parties  of  Indians  with  their  armes  to  the  number  of  about 
80  surrendered  themselves  to  that  garrison  for  mercie,  who  have 
secured  them  in  an  Island  by  them.  After  my  Company  was  landed 
within  two  miles  of  Seaconk  before  all  were  on  shore  an  other  letter 
came  to  me  from  L*  Thomas  Advising  to  land  at  Providence  being 


50 


king  philip’s  war. 


nearer  to  the  enemy,  I  strait  remanded  my  men  on  bord,  gave  each 
one  3  biscakes,  a  fish  and  a  few  raisons  with  ammunission  which 
may  last  two  or  three  days,  I  make  bould  to  encloss  to  coppies  of 
the  letters  sent  least  anything  in  my  whurry  might  be  omitted ;  The 
Lord  preserve  and  spirite  you  still  for  this  his  worke ;  my  humble 
service  to  all  those  worthies  with  you ;  I  would  gladly  know  of  yr 
Honrs  welfare ;  and  begg  the  prayers  of  all  to  God  to  qualifie  me  for 
my  present  imploy  ;  being  the  unfittest  of  many  yet  pardon  my  con¬ 
fused  lines  being  begun  at  my  Quarters  and  patched  vp  in  several 
places 

Honrd  Sr 

Yr  Honrs  Humble  Servant  D.  Henchman. 

The  above  letter  was  written  evidently  on  the  passage  to  Sea- 
konk  and  Providence.  He  landed  at  Providence  next  morning, 
and  marched  twenty  miles  in  pursuit  of  the  Indians  before  he 
came  up  with  the  Plymouth  forces  and  the  Mohegans,  who  had 
been  sent  to  him  from  Boston,  but  had  been  met  by  the  Rehoboth 
men  and  persuaded  to  join  them  in  the  pursuit  of  Philip ;  these 
had  come  up  with  Philip’s  rear,  and  had  a  sharp  fight  before  Capt. 
Henchman  arrived.  The  Mohegans  were  now  passed  to  his  com¬ 
mand,  and  the  troops  being  wearied  with  the  long  march  bivou¬ 
acked  till  morning,  and  the  Plymouth  forces  returned  to 
Rehoboth,  leaving  to  Capt.  Henchman  the  further  pursuit  of 
Philip,  which  was  renewed  next  morning.  With  his  six  files 
(consisting  of  sixty-eight  men),  the  fifty  Mohegans  and  the 
seventeen  Naticks,  Capt.  Henchman  marched  into  the  Nip- 
muck  country  as  far  as  the  “second  fort,”  to  a  place  called 
Wapososhequish ,  August  3,  but  without  finding  Philip  ;  and  hav¬ 
ing  continued  the  pursuit  until  provisions  were  exhausted  and 
all  were  tired  out  to  no  purpose,  the  Mohegans  returned  to  their 
home,  and  Capt.  Henchman  marched  his  force  to  Mendon, 
meeting  Capt.  Mosely  with  sixty  dragoons  on  the  way  with 
supplies.  August  8,  Capt.  Henchman  went  down  to  Boston 
to  get  orders  from  the  Governor  and  Council,  and  left  most  if  not 
all  his  men  at  Mendon.  (August  16,  a  part  of  them  were  in 
charge  of  Capt.  Mosely,  twelve  of  whom  were  detailed  to  Chelms¬ 
ford  garrison  by  him.)  Capt.  Henchman  received  his  instruc¬ 
tions  for  future  proceedings  in  a  letter  from  Gen.  Daniel  Denison, 
commander-in-chief  of  Massachusetts  Forces,  given  August  9th, 
1675.  This  letter  commanded  him  in  brief  to  return  to  his  men 
left  at  Pocasset,  to  fetch  them  and  the  “  provisions  and  ammuni- 
sion”  off.  He  was  to  advertise  the  Plymouth  commander  of  this 
design,  and  if  said  commander  wished  him  to  remain  there,  to 
await  further  orders  from  the  Council ;  otherwise  to  turn  over 
the  fort  to  the  care  of  the  Plymouth  forces,  and  march  his  men 
to  Boston  and  disband  them  until  again  called  out  by  the  Coun¬ 
cil.  In  his  march  to  Pocasset  he  was  given  authority  to  press 
horses  and  guides,  or  require  them  of  the  various  constables  of 


HENCHMAN  RETURNS  TO  BOSTON. 


51 


the  towns  passed,  and  on  his  return  likewise.  On  his  return  he 
was  to  draw  off  the  Massachusetts  “souldjers”  at  Woodcock’s 
garrison,  and  also  at  Mr.  Hudson’s  house,  unless  he  should  deem 
it  unsafe,  Hudson  ‘  being  of  our  colony  whom  we  are  to  take  care 
of.”  Plymouth  Colony  preferred  to  take  charge  of  the  fort,  and 
Capt.  Henchman  brought  his  soldiers  home  to  Boston  as  com¬ 
manded. 

“  It  will  be  understood  that  the  Soldiers  of  Plymouth  Colony 
played  an  important  part  in  this  campaign,  reaching  the  seat  of 
war  before  those  of  Massachusetts ;  and  the  account  of  this  will 
be  given  in  separate  chapters,  after  Massachusetts  is  finished. 
The  letters  of  Rev.  Noah  Newman,  Lieut.  Nathaniel  Thomas, 
Peter  Hunt,  and  Mr.  James  Brown’s  part  are  all  of  interest  and 
importance.” 

The  following  list,  gathered  from  John  Hull’s  Account-book, 
from  date  to  date,  and  here  arranged  together,  doubtless  shows 
the  Company  which  served  under  Capt.  Henchman,  in  this 
campaign. 

As  to  the  spelling  of  the  names,  I  have  not  departed  in  the 
least  from  the  original.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  names 
were  entered  in  the  Journal  from  “  Debentures  ”  made  by  the 
clerks  of  companies,  and  the  names  at  the  first  were  entered  on 
the  company  rolls  as  each  man  was  understood  to  pronounce  his 
own  name,  and  unless  the  clerk  was  acquainted  with  the  name, 
he  spelled  it  by  the  easiest  method ;  hence  many  strange  varia¬ 
tions  appear.  The  Ledger  account  often  has  two  forms  for  the 
same  name. 


The  list  of  Soldiers  credited  with  Military  Service  under  Capt.  Daniel 

Henchman. 


August  20,  1675. 

Thomas  Burges. 

02 

06 

02 

Richard  Gibson. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Hills. 

00 

06 

00 

Thomas  Williams. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Lewis. 

01 

14 

03 

Joseph  Ford. 

00 

06 

10 

John  Angel 

01 

15 

02 

Samuel  Walles. 

01 

06 

06 

Benjamin  Negus 

01 

15 

02 

William  Bently. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Chapman. 

02 

02 

00 

Peter  Edgerton. 

01 

15 

00 

Robert  Smith. 

02 

02 

00 

John  Bull. 

00 

16 

02 

William  Manly. 

02 

08 

00 

Richard  Brooks. 

02 

00 

00 

Thomas  Irons. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Barrett. 

01 

40 

00 

Samuel  Perkins. 

02 

07 

00 

Joseph  Fiske. 

01 

10 

00 

Hugh  Taylor. 

02 

07 

00 

Joseph  Tucker. 

02 

05 

00 

David  Jones. 

02 

07 

00 

Israel  Smith. 

00 

12 

00 

James  Whippo. 

02 

07 

00 

Samuel  Ireson. 

01 

10 

00 

Theophilus  Thornton 

02 

07 

00 

Avgust  21  1675 

Nathaniel  Osborne. 

02 

07 

00 

James  Dichetto. 

00 

15 

00 

Samuel  Davis. 

02 

07 

00 

Jacob  Gully. 

01 

14 

06 

Henry  Kerby. 

02 

07 

00 

Isaac  Ratt. 

02 

04 

06 

Ephraim  Hall. 

01 

07 

00 

Samuel  Veze  (als.  Very)  02  07 

00 

52 

KINO 

philip’s  war. 

Samuel  Daniel. 

02 

07 

00 

Richard  Bennet. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Kemble. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Scopelin. 

00 

07 

00 

John  Russell. 

02 

07 

00 

September  3d  1675 

Simon  Groveling. 

02 

07 

00 

Josiah  Arnold. 

01 

15 

02 

John  Thorn. 

02 

07 

00 

Wm  Smallidge. 

01 

19 

04 

Charles  Damport. 

01 

06 

06 

John  Bucknam. 

01 

19 

04 

Benjamin  Bishop. 

02 

07 

00 

Enoch  Greenleaf ,  Lieut.  04 

10 

00 

John  Throp. 

02 

07 

00 

Samuel  Johnson. 

03 

07 

00 

Solomon  Watts. 

02 

07 

00 

William  Drew. 

02 

07 

uo 

Philip  Coker. 

02 

07 

00 

William  Hardin. 

01 

04 

06 

John  Jeffries. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Cray. 

01 

19 

04 

Robert  Wills. 

02 

07 

00 

Nathaniel  Fiske. 

01 

13 

06 

Isaac‘Morris. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Miller. 

00 

06 

00 

Nicholas  Weymouth. 

02 

07 

00 

John  King. 

01 

11 

00 

Nathaniel  Jewell. 

02 

07 

00 

James  Ogleby. 

00 

07 

08 

Samuel  Mirick. 

01 

04 

00 

Rowland  Soley. 

01 

19 

04 

William  Parham. 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Region. 

01 

19 

04 

Thomas  Roberts. 

02 

04 

06 

Thomas  Hincher. 

01 

04 

00 

August  27th  or  Ledger 

date  23d 

Joseph  Smith 

01 

19 

04 

John  Hubbard. 

02 

07 

00 

Thomas  Aliston 

02 

07 

00 

John  Tebb. 

02 

07 

00 

George  Burkback 

01 

19 

04 

Henry  Timberlake.  Sergt  02 

00 

00 

Daniel  Magenis. 

01 

19 

04 

ThomasHitchborn  Drum1 01 

11 

00 

Henry  Eliott. 

01 

04 

10 

John  Taylor,  Sergt. 

02 

01 

10 

Thomas  Okerby 

01 

19 

04 

Thomas  Bishop. 

00 

18 

00 

John  Hastings 

01 

04 

10 

Peter  Bennett,  Marshall.  01 

16 

00 

Edward  Weeden 

01 

19 

04 

Simeon  Messenger. 

01 

04 

00 

John  Wiseman 

03 

03 

06 

John  Polly. 

01 

04 

00 

Sept  14  th 

John  Essery. 

02 

07 

00 

Joseph  Priest. 

01 

05 

08 

Henry  Harwood.  Sergt. 

03 

01 

00 

Nathaniel  King. 

02 

02 

10 

Samuel  Barber. 

00 

16 

00 

John  Pemberton. 

01 

01 

00 

Phillip  Jessop. 

01 

06 

06 

Osbel  Morrison. 

02 

19 

00 

Charles  Blincott.  Sergt. 

02 

14 

00 

John  Cross 

01 

06 

06 

Isaac  Amsden. 

02 

07 

00 

Perez  Savage.  Ensigne 

02 

08 

00 

Henry  Prentice. 

02 

07 

00 

Roger  Procer. 

01 

04 

10 

John  Streeter. 

02 

07 

00 

Robert  Orchard.  Sergt 

02 

01 

00 

Abraham  Hathaway. 

02 

07 

00 

September  21,  1675 

James  Johnson.  Sergt 

03 

03 

00 

David  Church. 

01 

17 

08 

Isaac  How. 

01 

11 

08 

Samuel  Johnson, Butcher  01 

05 

08 

Thomas  Parker. 

01 

04 

00 

Thomas  Traine. 

00 

10 

04 

Joseph  Peirce. 

01 

04 

00 

Ebenezer  Owen. 

00 

05 

00 

John  Oates. 

02 

00 

00 

Matthew  Stone. 

00 

07 

00 

William  Hopkins. 

01 

10 

00 

Nathaniel  Kean. 

01 

04 

10 

Ralph  Hall,  Clark 

03 

10 

00 

Benjamin  Tower 

00 

10 

04 

Thomas Wigfall,EJnsi^ne  03 

02 

04 

Jonathan  Dunning. 

01 

17 

06 

Further  Service  of  Capt.  Henchman. 

There  was  intensely  bitter  feeling  about  this  time  in  Boston 
as  to  the  way  captive  Indians  should  be  treated.  The  interces¬ 
sion  of  the  venerable  John  Eliot  and  the  strenuous  advocacy  of 
Capt.  Gookin  in  their  behalf,  had  created  great  animosity  not 


53 


henchman’s  further  service. 


only  against  themselves  but  all  who  advised  moderate  measures. 
Capt.  Henchman  seems  to  have  been  of  the  moderate  party,  and 
was  therefore  somewhat  unpopular  with  most  of  the  soldiers,  and 
doubtless  his  apparent  lack  of  success  in  the  pursuit  of  Philip  at 
Rehoboth  added  to  this  feeling  with  the  people.  But  the  court 
sustained  and  trusted  him,  and  immediately  reappointed  him 
to  service  over  one  hundred  men  who  met  at  Roxbury  meeting¬ 
house,  but  refused  to  march  forth  under  his  command,  and 
demanded  Capt.  Oliver.  The  council  compromised  the  matter 
and  sent  them  Capt.  Lake,  but  they  are  not  credited  with  any 
service  under  him.  Capt.  Henchman  seems  to  have  been  em¬ 
ployed  in  August  and  September  in  regulating  affairs  in  some  of 
the  outlying  towns,  and  these  men  perhaps  served  as  his  patrol 
or  guard. 


Oct  5  1675 

Richard  Wood.  00  10  04 

Ephraim  Wilier,  Corp 1  02  05  00 

Thomas  May.  01  19  04 

Michael  Bearstow.  00  10  04 

Thomas  Webb.  01  19  04 


Edward  Dickinson. 
Jacob  Bullard. 
Samuel  Whitney. 
John  Shattock 
Daniel  Keniday. 


02  07  00 
01  18  06 
01  18  06 
01  02  00 
01  17  08 


September  27th  we  find  him  at  Chelmsford  garrison  in  com¬ 
mand,  as  we  see  by  the  following  letter  of  that  date. 


Capt.  Henchman’s  Letter  to  the  Governor. 

Chelmsford  Sept  27,  ’75.  [This  was  Monday.] 

lion'1  Sr 

In  pursuance  of  my  instructions  ;  I  and  my  Lieut,  met  at  Major  Wil¬ 
lard’s  the  last  day  of  the  week,  with  the  Captaines  of  the  severall 
townes  directed  to ;  as  well  for  the  drawing  of  the  Souldiers,  as  to  ad¬ 
vise  with  them ;  for  the  first  they  promise  they  shall  be  sent  to  Chelms¬ 
ford  at  an  hours  warning  and  so  will  be  ready  here  by  that  time  I  have 
provission  for  them ;  and  that  of  absolute  necessity  for  them  will  be 
powder  shott  biscake  cheese  and  raisons,  large  and  warme  Wast-coats 
and  drawers  tobaco,  some  hatchets  and  a  Chirurgion ;  for  the  later  the 
Major  and  rest  of  the  officers  will  advise  to  no  other  motion  than  about 
this  and  other  towns ;  but  I  understanding  the  intent  of  the  Hod  Coun¬ 
cil  to  be  that  I  should  march  to  Pennycooke  although  not  named  in  my 
instructions ;  I  think  it  need  full  to  acquaint  your  Hon”  there  with,  and 
desire  your  express  there  unto.  I  have  not  farther  at  present  but  to 
subscribe 

Sr  your  Hon”  humble  Servant 

(Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  269.)  D.  Henchman. 

Major  Willard  was  of  Lancaster,  but  his  house  was  in  Groton, 
at  what  is  now  Ayer  Junction;  and  the  date  was  Saturday, 
September  25th. 

November  1st  Capt.  Henchman  marched  out  of  Boston  towards 
Hassanameset  (Grafton)  with  a  small  body  of  men  (20),  and 
arrived  at  Medfield  at  3  P.M.  on  the  same  day.  The  next  morn¬ 
ing  he  writes  the  Governor  from  that  place. 


54 


king  philip’s  war. 


Hond  Sr 


Medfield  Nov.  2d  1675 


My  orders  directing  me  to  the  several  places  and  times  that  my 
souldiers  were  to  be  ready  at,  Speded  my  march  accordingly;  and 
reached  this  place  yesterday  by  three  of  the  clock  afternoon ;  and  had 
with  me  only  20  men  that  marched  from  Boston  with  me  —  Since 
divers  are  come  up,  and  all  that  at  present  I  am  like  to  have  by  nine 
of  the  clock  last  night.  Several  hear  as  well  as  myself  have  great 
thoughts  how  it  fareth  with  Mendam,  having  not  heard  since  they  sent 
to  Boston,  I  am  hasting  to  march  this  morning  but  hoped  if  the  men’s 
refreshments  had  not  given  check  to  have  been  gon  by  moon  rising,  I 
cannot  see  by  acct  taken  before  I  draw  out  that  my  number  will  amount 
to  above  75,  some  sending  short  of  what  ordered  and  37  discharged  by 
order,  I  have  not  any  officer  but  a  Sergeant  from  Roxbury ;  some  men 
and  the  armes  of  others  not  fit  for  service,  notwithstanding  the  strikt 
orders  given  by  the  Major.  Our  greatest  danger  (as  I  judged)  if  the 
enemy  designs  upon  us  this  day,  will  be  at  a  pass  six  miles  from 
hence;  the  which  I  hope  we  shall  look  unto  the  Lord  in  the  use  of 
means  to  avoid  ;  some  being  to  returne  home  this  morning  I  thought  it 
meet  to  give  this  acct.  Begging  your  prayers  for  us  I  desire  that  all 
our  supplications  may  be  accepted  for  the  Country  and  the  interest  of 
our  Lord  Jesus  Christ  therein ;  and  rest  Hond  Sr 

Your  humble  Servant  D.  Henchman. 


[This  is  in  a  P.  S.] 

When  the  Lora  shall  have  brought  us  safe  to  Mendam  I  shall  attend 
the  Major’s  orders  there  and  wait  for  the  recruits  intended  me. 


As  will  be  seen  by  the  above  letter,  the  captain  expected 
recruits  to  be  ready  and  meet  him  at  certain  towns  on  the  way, 
and  was  disappointed  in  receiving  none,  and  also  with  the  unfit¬ 
ness  of  those  that  came  up  afterwards,  and  in  answer  to  this 
letter,  the  Court,  on  November  3d,  ordered  the  “  Major  of  Suffolk 
to  send  out  of  his  regiment  eighteen  able  men  armed  and 
furnished  with  ammunition  and  provision  for  ten  days  under  the 
conduct  of  a  fitt  person  to  make  Lieftenant,”  to  recruit  Capt. 
Henchman’s  company  and  search  out  the  enemy  at  Hassanameset. 
The  lieutenant  chosen  was  probably  Philip  Curtis,  of  Roxbury, 
who  was  killed  before  he  received  his  formal  commission,  I  pre¬ 
sume,  as  no  order  for  his  commission  is  found. 

Capt.  Henchman  marches  to  Mendon,  arrives  on  the  2d  at  4 
P.M.,  and  writes  immediately  that  they  “  arrived  all  safe  and 
found  the  towne  in  like  condition,”  and  “  pressed  four  horses  for 
Scouts  to  send  to  Hassanemeset.”  He  found  the  inhabitants 
“  drawn  into  two  houses,”  and  “  in  a  pestered  condition,”  and 
holds  frequent  meetings  with  them  in  order  to  prevail  upon  them 
to  remain  at  Mendon  contented.  This  and  frequent  scouting 
and  reports  took  up  his  time  until  the  arrival  of  the  men  from 
Boston. 

It  seems  also  from  this  letter  that  he  had  not  yet  heard  from 
Capt.  Sill,  as  it  was  proposed,  and  was  preparing  to  send  his 

1 


AT  HASSANAMESET. 


55 


soldiers  home  to  Boston ;  was  intending  that  morning  sending  all 
his  troopers,  eight  in  number  and  three  files  of  men  ;  but  he  gets 
orders  from  the  Council  by  messengers  from  Capt.  Sill.  In  order 
to  meet  Capt.  Sill,  fourteen  miles  away,  he  is  forced  to  change  a 
file  of  men  with  the  garrison  on  account  of  their  destitution  of 
“clothes  and  shoes.” 

On  the  9th,  with  his  lieutenant  and  twenty-two  mounted  men, 
he  rides  to  Hassanameset,  and  has  a  fight  there,  of  which  he 
writes  the  details  on  the  10th.  In  his  letter  he  relates  that  his 
lieutenant,  Philip  Curtis,  is  killed,  and  Thomas  Andrews  also 
(one  of  the  Mendon  garrison) ;  and  mentions  that  his  corporal, 
Abiell  Lamb,  outran  himself  in  the  attack,  and  that  all  his  own 
and  the  lieutenant’s  men  ran  away  from  him  in  the  fight  except 
(one  of  his  “old  souldiers,”  as  he  thinks)  Jonathan  Dunning. 

The  following  list  embraces  those  who  served  under  Capt. 
Henchman  from  November  2d,  and  were  credited  November  30, 
as  will  be  seen  by  the  credits.  The  service  was  brief.  Amongst 
these  were  eight  troopers,  which  may  explain  in  part  the  differ¬ 
ence  in  credits. 


November  30th 

1675 

William  Price. 

00 

14 

06 

Edward  Barton. 

01 

05 

08 

William  Davenport. 

00 

17 

02 

Isaac  Heath. 

00 

16 

02 

Thomas  Smith. 

00 

17 

02 

Henry  Kirby. 

00 

17 

02 

Joseph  Bugby. 

00 

11 

02 

Jeremiah  Wise. 

01 

00 

06 

Samuel  Gardner. 

00 

17 

02 

Benjamin  Negus. 

00 

17 

02 

Simon  Rogers 

00 

17 

02 

John  Leech. 

01 

19 

04 

Abiel  Lamb. 

00 

19 

02 

James  White. 

00 

17 

02 

Richard  Woods. 

00 

17 

02 

John  Good. 

00 

17 

02 

Degory  Sargent. 

00 

17 

02 

Joseph  Bateman. 

00 

17 

02 

Josiah  Mann. 

00 

17 

02 

Edward  Everet. 

00 

07 

02 

John  Malony. 

01 

19 

04 

Richard  Francis. 

02 

00 

00 

Francis  Siddall. 

01 

19 

04 

John  Kemble. 

00 

17 

02 

Hugh  Price. 

00 

17 

02 

Experience  Orris. 

00 

17 

02 

James  Harrington. 

00 

17 

02 

Samuel  Ryall. 

00 

10 

04 

Benjamin  Gamlin. 

01 

00 

00 

Joseph  Gridley. 

01 

05 

06 

Isaac  Morris. 

00 

17 

02 

William  Bodkin. 

00 

17 

02 

Josiah  Holland. 

00 

17 

02 

William  Hooper. 

00 

17 

02 

Joseph  Wilson. 

00 

17 

02 

John  Tuckerman. 

00 

17 

02 

Samuel  Ruggles. 

00 

17 

02 

John  Cann. 

01 

00 

00 

Philip  Curtis,  Lieut. 

00 

17 

03 

On  November  the  12th  the  Council  ordered  Major  Willard  to 
send  forthwith  twelve  troopers  to  Capt.  Henchman. 

Many  of  the  soldiers  were  now  withdrawn  and  placed  in  garri¬ 
son,  and  all  available  were  pressed  and  mustered  for  the  Narra- 
ganset  campaign.  Capt.  Henchman’s  men  were  many  returned 
home  with  him. 

Among  the  soldiers  impressed  in  Boston  for  the  Narragansett 
campaign,  Dec.  3d,  1675,  were  the  following  from  Capt.  Hench¬ 
man’s  local  company:  James  Whipple,  Samuel  Jenkins,  Walter 


56 


king  philip’s  war. 


Cohone,  James  White,  Thomas  Jones,  Thomas  Stains,  John 
Dereing,  Robert  Emory,  Ralph  Powel  for  Mr.  James  Lloyd, 
Francis  Cooke  for  Mr.  William  Larrison.  (Mass.  Archives,  vol. 
68,  86.) 


December  20th 

1675 

Joshua  Silverwood. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Sherman. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Corbin. 

00 

16 

02 

Henry  Tite. 

01 

16 

02 

Simon  Yates. 

00 

10 

00 

Thomas  Birch. 

00 

06 

10 

John  Pierpont. 

00 

16 

02 

John  Necks. 

01 

14 

02 

John  Griggs. 

00 

11 

02 

Thomas  Lawrence. 

00 

07 

06 

Joshua  Atherton. 

00 

07 

06 

William  Briggs. 

00 

06 

10 

Nicholas  Gray. 

00 

16 

02 

Isaac  Hubbard. 

00 

16 

02 

James  Draper. 

00 

16 

02 

January  25  1675.  (N.S.  1676.) 
William  Goswell.  00  16  02 


Onesiphorus  Tilston. 

00 

06 

10 

Thomas  Jones. 

00 

16 

02 

Samuel  Burnall. 

00 

16 

02 

John  Spurr. 

00 

16 

10 

Lawrence  White. 

00 

16 

02 

Thomas  Cheyney. 

00 

16 

02 

Thomas  Bridentine. 

00 

16 

02 

Robert  Woodward. 

01 

02 

03 

February  29, 

1675-6 

Joseph  Bodman. 

00 

08 

09 

William  Lyon. 

00 

10 

04 

John  Parker. 

00 

16 

02 

March  24, 

1676 

William  Elliot. 

00 

16 

02 

Joseph  Clark. 

00 

09 

04 

April  24,  1676 

Hugh  Clark. 

00 

07 

00 

Thomas  North. 

01 

13 

04 

Among  the  soldiers  in  the  above  lists  were  probably  the  twelve 
troopers  sent  out  by  order  of  the  Council  on  November  12,  1675, 
and  those  who  did  not  return  to  Boston  until  the  later  dates. 
It  was  the  custom,  I  find,  to  punish  the  men  by  fines,  and  some¬ 
times  their  pay  would  be  withheld  for  several  months,  until  on 
petition  to  the  Council  it  would  be  paid,  if  the  officer  who  com¬ 
plained  of  their  misconduct  would  recommend  leniency  and  sign 
their  “  debenture  ”  or  bill  for  service  rendered.  On  the  minutes 
of  the  Council,  of  which  a  few  fragments  are  preserved  in  the 
Mass.  Archives,  I  find  several  instances  of  this  kind;  one  in  the 
case  of  Magnus  White,  whose  name  occurs  later,  and  one  in  a 
quaint  letter  from  one  Jonathan  Adderton  (Atherton),  which 
declares  that  Capt.  Henchman  wrongfully  accused  him  of  “  profa¬ 
nation  of  ye  Sabbath,”  when  his  only  offence  was  the  cutting  up 
of  an  old  hat  and  putting  the  pieces  in  his  shoes  to  relieve  his 
galled  foot,  &c.  Many  of  the  above  will  be  recognized  as  of 
Roxbury  and  Dorchester. 

On  December  12,  the  Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies 
voted  to  strengthen  the  garrisons  with  such  of  the  soldiers  as 
were  able  and  willing  to  remain  for  that  service  during  the 
winter,  and  to  dismiss  others  to  their  homes. 

Jan.  11.  “It  was  ordered  by  the  Council  that  the  Garrison 
Souldjers  at  Chelmsford,  Billerica,  Groaten,  Lancaster,  Marl¬ 
borough,  and  Sudbury,  under  Major  Willard,  be  discharged 
forthwith,  and  sent  home ;  ”  and  at  the  same  time  it  was  voted  to 


AT  WASHAKOM  PONDS. 


57 


pay  them  “two  months’  pay  on  their  returne.”  This  may  have 
been  done  at  the  request  of  the  people  in  the  above-named  towns, 
because  we  know  that  in  many  cases  these  garrison  soldiers  be¬ 
came  very  obnoxious  to  the  citizens,  as  will  be  seen  when  we 
come  to  the  lists  at  the  garrisons,  hereafter.  I  presume  this  ser¬ 
vice  of  withdrawal  and  settlement  of  soldiers  was  under  the 
special  charge  of  Capt.  Henchman,  who  then,  I  think,  retired 
from  active  service  until  the  27th  of  the  next  April. 

In  the  latter  part  of  May,  1676,  the  forces  under  Capt.  Hench¬ 
man  were  called  together  again.  These  had  been  impressed  by 
order  of  the  Council,  April  27,  and  released  to  do  their  planting 
until  such  time  as  wanted.  They  were  mustered  at  Concord,  at 
this  time,  an  important  military  post,  whence  he  writes  on  June 
2d,  that  “  Tom  Doublet  went  away  soon  after  Mr.  Clark,  and 
with  him  Jona.  Prescott,  Daniel  Champney  &  Josiah  White, 
carrying  the  pay  for  Goodman  Moss,  and  3  gallons  of  Rum.” 
They  marched  out  towards  Brookfield  to  join  the  Connecticut 
forces  on  the  27th,  but  on  information  received  from  this  same 
Tom  Doublet  (an  Indian),  turned  aside  and  had  a  fight  with  the 
Indians  at  Washakom  Ponds;  and  this  affair  detained  them  so 
that  they  did  not  reach  Hadley  until  the  14th,  when  they  joined 
the  Connecticut  forces  in  the  campaign  on  the  Connecticut 
River. 

Capt.  Henchman  marched  down  towards  Boston  from  Hadley 
the  last  of  June,  and  his  letter,  written  on  the  way,  describes  the 
homeward  march. 

Capt.  Henchman’s  Letter  of  June  30th,  1676. 

Our  scouts  brought  intelligence  that  all  the  Indians  were  in  a  con¬ 
tinual  motion,  some  toward  Narhaganset,  others  towards  Watchuset, 
shifting  gradually,  and  taking  up  each  others  quarters,  and  lay  not 
above  a  night  in  a  place.  They  brought  in  two  Squaws,  a  Boy  and  a 
Girl,  giving  account  of  five  slain.  Yesterday,  they  brought  in  an  old 
Fellow,  Brother  to  a  Sachem,  six  Squaws  and  Children,  having  killed 
five  men,  and  wounded  others,  if  not  killed  them,  as  they  supposed  by 
the  Blood  found  in  the  Way,  and  a  Hat  shot  through.  These  and  the 
other  inform,  that  Philip  and  the  Narhagansets  were  gone  several  Days 
before  to  their  own  Places.  Philip’s  purpose  being  to  do  what  Mischief 
he  could  to  the  English.  By  advice  I  drew  a  commanded  party  under 
the  conduct  of  Capt.  Sill,  viz.  Sixteen  files  of  English,  all  my  Troop, 
and  the  Indians,  excepting  one  File,  being  all  we  could  make  provision 
for;  for  what  with  the  falling  short  of  the  Bread  promised  us,  and  a 
great  deal  of  what  we  had  proving  mouldy,  the  Rest  of  the  Forces  had 
but  one  Bisket  a  Man,  to  bring  them  to  this  Place.  This  Party  were 
ordered  towards  Watchuset,  and  so  to  Nashaway  and  Washakom 
Ponds,  where  we  have  notice  Indians  were  and  so  to  return  to  this 
Place.  Where  by  your  Honour’s  Letter  that  came  to  me  Yesterday 
Morning,  I  understood  that  Provision  was  ordered  for  us ;  and  which 
we  found  to  our  great  Relief  last  Night,  coming  hither,  Weary  and 
Hungry.  The  commanded  Party  we  left  at  Quonsigumon,  where 
they  intended  to  stay  a  while  for  the  last  Scouts  we  sent  out :  eleven 


58 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Prisoners  we  had  in  all ;  two  of  the  oldest,  by  Counsel  we  put  to  Death, 
the  other  Nine  the  Commissary  is  ordered  to  convey  to  Boston,  with 
Baggage,  Horses  and  some  of  their  Attendants  for  the  Service. 

Daniel  Henchman. 

On  June  24  there  seems  to  have  been  a  general  settlement 
with  all  soldiers  for  service  up  to  this  summer  campaign.  Some 
were  paid  in  cash  by  the  treasurer,  but  mostly  they  were  paid 
in  part  by  the  towns  where  they  lived.  The  following  lists 
probably  contain  most  of  the  names  of  those  who  marched  out 
and  served  in  this  campaign,  with  Capt.  Henchman : 


June  24,  1676. 

William  Healy. 

02 

11 

06 

Magnus  White. 

01 

09 

00 

SimonGroves  (als.Grow)  03 

12 

10 

Joseph  Lyon. 

04 

11 

08 

John  Polly. 

01 

11 

08 

July  24,  1676. 

John  Kendall. 

00 

17 

00 

John  Chub. 

02 

00 

00 

Ephraim  Regimant. 

03 

17 

11 

Daniel  Hawes. 

01 

06 

06 

Benjamin  Rice. 

03 

17 

11 

Hugh  Taylor. 

05 

00 

00 

September  23d 

1676. 

Joseph  Procter. 

00 

17 

00 

Joshuah  Sawyer. 

03 

07 

00 

August  24th  1676 

James  Sawyer. 

03 

01 

05 

John  Moore. 

01 

14 

00 

Jacob  Willar. 

12 

05 

08 

Thomas  Wheeler. 

00 

08 

04 

John  Winter. 

01 

02 

10 

Richard  Scott.  Cornett 

08 

17 

00 

John  Tolman. 

00 

07 

00 

George  Stedman. 

01 

16 

08 

James  Cutler. 

01 

04 

03 

Jonathan  Atherton. 

04 

00 

00 

Nathaniel  Adams. 

01 

02 

06 

Jacob  Hill. 

04 

17 

00 

James  White. 

00 

15 

08 

James  Cheevers. 

02 

11 

00 

Joseph  Browne. 

01 

10 

00 

John  Oyne. 

02 

11 

00 

John  Browne. 

03 

05 

08 

William  Keene. 

04 

18 

06 

Samuel  Edmons. 

02 

11 

05 

James  Franklin. 

04 

18 

06 

John  Greenland. 

02 

02 

08 

Joseph  Richeson. 

03 

01 

08 

John  Pinder. 

05 

00 

00 

Justinian  Holding. 

02 

11 

00 

John  Redman. 

02 

14 

00 

Denis  Sihy. 

02 

18 

09 

Abraham  Wilkinson. 

01 

10 

10 

Thomas  North. 

04 

02 

10 

James  Bayly. 

02 

11 

03 

Thomas  Robinson. 

05 

12 

00 

Daniel  Ruff. 

04 

17 

00 

Robert  Ernes. 

05 

01 

05 

John  Gibson. 

03 

11 

00 

Richard  Browne. 

03 

03 

04 

Richard  Wood. 

02 

17 

00 

Francis  Woolf e. 

01 

15 

08 

Josiah  White. 

02 

04 

03 

Joseph  Garfield. 

01 

10 

00 

John  Adams. 

03 

15 

06 

Jonn  Floyd,  Lieut. 

12 

17 

02 

Joseph  Bucknam. 

00 

14 

03 

Jonathan  Sprague. 

04 

01 

05 

John  Stedman. 

03 

17 

02 

Benjamin  Muzzye. 

02 

11 

05 

James  Miller. 

05 

02 

06 

Thomas  Adams 

04 

17 

00 

Jonathan  Hill. 

02 

11 

05 

Francis  Cooke.  2  items 

04 

04 

02 

James  Patterson. 

02 

11 

05 

John  Stone. 

01 

10 

10 

Thomas  How. 

02 

11 

05 

Patrick  Morren. 

06 

08 

06 

Richard  Scott. 

00 

08 

06 

The  Indians  who  served  our  side  were  not  regularly  credited, 
and  so,  with  few  exceptions,  their  “  debentures  ”  are  not  found. 
Their  names  and  service  will  form  a  separate  article. 

Pocasset  Swamp,  where  Fort  Leverett  was  built,  lies  in  the 
present  town  of  Tiverton,  R.I. 


II. 


CAPT.  SAMUEL  MOSELY  AND  HIS  COMPANY. 


MANY  will  be  interested  to  know  something  in  the  beginning, 
of  the  remarkable  character  whose  name  stands  at  the  head 
of  this  company. 

The  family  name  was  Maudesley,  of  Lancashire,  England.  In 
the  fall  of  1635  Henry  Mandesley  came  from  England  to  Massa¬ 
chusetts  in  the  ship  Hopewell,  Capt.  Babb,  master. 

Henry  Maudesley  was  granted  “  about  a  quarter-acre  of  land  ” 
in  Dorchester  “  neere  Goodman  Munninge’s,”  but  lived  at  Brain¬ 
tree,  and  had  children  born  there  —  Mary,  Sept.  29,  1638,  and 
Samuel,  June  14,  1641.  He  had  12  acres  of  land  at  Mt.  Wollas¬ 
ton  granted  him  “for  three  heads,”  February  24,  1639-40,  was 
of  Artillery  Co.  1643,  and  freeman  in  1646.  In  1652  he  lived  in 
Boston,  and  had  the  lot  on  the  corner  of  the  present  Union  and 
Hanover  Streets. 

The  name  Maudesley  appears  in  some  of  the  earliest  records  as 
Modsley,  Mosley,  Mozley,  Mosseley ;  finally  settling  down  to 
Mosely.  Samuel’s  signature,  in  every  case  known  to  me,  is 
Mosley,  while  Addington,  Rawson,  and  other  colonial  officials 
give  it  Mosely.  I  have  adopted  this  last  form. 

Samuel  Mosely  married  Ann  Addington  (born  March  10, 1647, 
daughter  of  the  first  Isaac  and  sister  of  the  Hon.  Isaac).  They 
were  married  previous  to  May  30,  1665,  for  on  that  date  Samuel 
Mosely  and  his  wife  Ann  sign  a  deed  to  John  Conney,  conveying 
a  piece  of  land  in  “  Windmill  Field,”  which  land  Ann  inherited 
from  her  father,  who  had  died  in  1653.  Samuel  is  designated 
cooper,  Conney  also  was  a  cooper ;  and  I  judge  from  an  old  receipt 
for  a  bill  of  cooperage,  signed  by  Conney  and  Mosely  together, 
that  they  were  in  company  in  that  business  in  1673. 

In  1668  he  was  one  of  the  commissioners  sent  by  the  Court  to 
treat  with  the  sachems  of  the  Narragansets,  in  company  with 
Richard  Wayt  and  Capt.  Wright,  and  in  the  record  is  called 
“  Captain.” 

The  author  of  “  The  Present  State  of  New  England,”  etc.,  says  : 
“  This  Capt.  Mosely  hath  been  an  old  Privateer  at  Jamaica,  an 
excellent  soldier,  and  an  undaunted  spirit,  one  whose  memory 
will  be  honorable  in  New  England  for  his  many  eminent  services 


60 


king  philip’s  war. 


he  hath  done  the  Public."’  This  may  have  been  the  authority 
upon  which  Mr.  Savage  bases  his  statement  that  Mosely  “  visited 
Jamaica  in  the  way  of  trade,  and  the  adventurous  spirit  was 
excited  and  schooled,  perhaps  by  Sir  Henry  Morgan  and  his 
associate  Buccaneers ;  the  result  of  which  was  his  bringing  home 
to  Boston  two  prizes  taken  from  some  unmentioned  enemy.” 
From  these  hints  and  various  other  circumstances  I  am  satisfied 
that  he  was  in  command  of  some  ship  previous  to  1668.  I  notice 
that  Isaac  Addington,  father  of  Mosely’s  wife,  was  commander 
of  the  ship  “  Ann  and  Joane  ”  in  1652. 

I  have  found,  after  a  long  search,  the  following  old  account  of 
Treasurer  Russell’s  estate,  presented  by  James  Russell,  Executor, 
October  20,  1676. 

The  Country  is  Debtor  to 

the  huire  of  ye  Katch  Salsbury,  Samuel  Mosely  Commdr  from 
March  16,  1673  to  Aprill  27,  1674  at  24£  pr  moneth  .  £33  12s. 

Pd  for  wages  to  the  Salsbury’s  Mr  &  47  men  .  76  01 

Pd  Capt  Mosely  for  disbursemta  on  the  Salsbury  .  23  10 

Pd  Capt  Mosely  for  W ater  bucketts  for  ye  Katch  Swallow  00  19 

These  two  “  Hatches, ”  with  the  ship  “  Anthony,”  were  fitted 
out  and  sent  forth  by  the  colony  to  protect  our  commerce,  and  in 
this  time  were  engaged  in  cruising  about  Nantucket  and  vicinity. 

He  must  have  had  notable  experience  from  the  facts  of  the 
affair  of  the  “  two  prizes,”  mentioned  above,  which  from  various 
materials  collected  from  the  court  files  and  archives,  I  am  now 
able  to  explain.  This  matter  was  fully  set  forth  in  an  excellent 
article  published  by  the  late  C.  W.  Tuttle,  Esq.  For  several 
years  previous  to  1675,  Boston  merchants  had  been  greatly 
troubled  by  “  Dutch  Pirates,”  as  they  were  called.  The  mer¬ 
chants  had  several  times  petitioned  the  Court  for  a  “  commission 
of  Order  and  Reprisal,”  which  that  cautious  body  had  steadily 
refused.  Several  times  the  merchants  had  armed  their  vessels 
and  taken  the  matter  of  “  Reprisal  ”  into  their  own  hands,  as  in 
the  matter  of  the  Dutch  ship  “  Expectation ;  ”  and  upon  complaint 
made  by  the  Dutch  authorities,  these  merchants  were  called  to 
account  by  the  Boston  Court.  At  last,  in  December,  1674, 
several  small  English  vessels  were  captured  at  the  Eastward  by 
the  Dutch,  joined  with  some  English  renegades  from  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Colony.  The  place  of  the  capture  was  “  near  Mt.  Desart 
Islles.”  One  of  these  vessels  belonged  to  John  Freake  of  Boston, 
the  others  to  Waldron  of  Dover  and  Shapley  of  Kittery.  Upon 
the  report  of  these  depredations  and  the  petition  of  the  mer¬ 
chants,  a  Commission  of  Reprisal  was  granted  by  the  Court, 
February  15,  1674-5,  an  expedition  was  immediately  fitted  out, 
and  by  the  request  of  the  merchants  Capt.  Samuel  Mosely  was 
put  in  command.  Sailing  out,  his  ship  fell  in  with  a  French 


THE  DUTCH  PIRATES. 


61 


vessel  which  he  impressed  into  his  service,  and  soon  met  the 
Dutchmen.  They  had  three  vessels,  the  “  Edward  &  Thomas,” 
principal  ship,  of  which  the  commander  of  the  pirates,  Peter 
Roderigo,  was  captain.  The  second  was  called,  in  the  appraisal, 
the  “  Penobscot  Shallopp  that  Roads  went  out  in,”  and  was  com¬ 
manded  by  Cornelius  Anderson.  The  third  was  the  vessel 
captured  from  Mr.  Freake,  “  The  Shallopp  called  Philipp,”  and 
now  in  charge  of  Peter  Grant  and  its  proper  skipper,  George 
Manning,  who  had  been  wounded  in  its  capture,  and  was  about 
to  be  turned  adrift  in  his  boat  by  the  pirates,  when  in  considera¬ 
tion  of  his  promise  of  good  behavior  he  was  reinstated  and 
allowed  to  sail  his  own  craft  in  convoy  of  the  others  under 
Dutch  colors ;  and  now,  when  Capt.  Mosely  came  to  the  attack, 
Manning  at  once  turns  his  arms  upon  his  captors  and  assists  in 
their  capture ;  and  in  their  defence  before  the  Court  the  pirates 
complain  bitterly  of  the  usage  of  Capt.  Mosely  in  fighting  them 
under  the  three  colors,  English,  French  and  Dutch  all  at  once, 
and  the  treachery  of  Manning.  The  pirates  were  captured,  and 
were  brought  into  Boston  April  2,  1675,  Mr.  Freake’s  vessel 
restored  to  him,  and  the  others  confiscated  by  the  Court  for 
expenses,  etc.  The  pirates  were  imprisoned  to  await  trial  in 
May,  1675.  The  prisoners  were  Peter  Roderigo,  commander ; 
Cornelius  Anderson,  consort;  John  Rhodes,  Thomas  Mitchell, 
Randall  Judson,  Edward  Yourings,  Richard  Fowler,  Peter  Grant, 
John  Williams,  John  Thomas  (Tomas  or  Tombs).  A  few  words 
more  will  explain  who  these  men  were. 

In  October,  1674,  Capt.  Jurian  Aronson  (Arnouson),  com¬ 
mander  of  the  Dutch  Privateer  “  Flying-Post-Horse,  of  Currassow,” 
returning  from  the  destruction  of  two  French  forts  and  settle¬ 
ments  at  the  Eastward,  viz.,  “  Penabskop  ”  (Penobscott)  and  St. 
John,  came  to  Boston  and  asked  of  the  Governor  permission  to 
enter  the  harbor  to  “  repaire,”  etc.  When  he  sailed  away  he  left 
a  part  of  his  crew,  viz. :  “  Peter  Rodrigo,  ‘  Flanderkin  ’ :  Corne¬ 
lius  Anderson,  Dutchman,”  three  Englishmen  who  had  belonged  at 
Boston,  John  Rhoades,  Randall  Judson,  Peter  Grant ;  Richard 
Fowler,  who  belonged  at  Muscongus;  and  a  “Cornishman” 
named  John  Williams,  who  had  been  taken  prisoner  by  the 
Dutch  and  carried  to  “  Currisaw,”  and  came  hither  with  Capt. 
Arnouson.  Rhodes,  “  principal,”  Fowler,  Grant  and  Judson, 
hired  Thomas  Mitchell  of  Malden,  and  a  vessel  of  which  he  was 
part  owner,  for  a  “  trading  voyage  to  the  Eastward ;  ”  and  also 
another,  the  Shallop.  It  would  seem  that  the  vessels  went  in  at 
Casco,  and  the  crew  captured  some  sheep  at  “  Mountjoys  Island  ” 
(now  Peak’s),  belonging  to  Mr.  Mountjoy.  (Fowler  testified 
that  Mitchell  approved  this  action,  but  he  denied  it,  though  con¬ 
fessing  that  he  “  ate  of  the  mutton.” 

Rodrigo  commanded  the  “  Edward  and  Thomas,”  and  Anderson 
the  “  Penobscott  Shallopp.”  Rodrigo  had  some  sort  of  commis- 


62 


king  philip’s  war. 

sion  from  Arnouson  (which  one  of  them  testified  was  “  written  at 
the  ‘  Beare  ’  and  had  three  seals  on  it  ”).  Anderson  had  a  copy  of 
this  without  seals.  Mitchell  testified  that  he  opposed  their  acts  of 
piracy.  Edward  Youring  testified  that  he  went  out  with  Mitchell 
and  had  no  part  in  piracy,  and  both  these  were  discharged  under 
bonds  for  appearance.  John  Tomas  was  a  boatswain  who  had  come 
to  Boston  formerly  in  the  ship  “  William  and  Jane,”  and  was  with 
Anderson,  and  was  accused  of  shooting  a  Frenchman,  but 
denied,  though  admitting  that  he  “shot  at  him.”  Tomas  and 
Williams  were  taken  in  Anderson’s  vessel.  Manning’s  crew  con¬ 
sisted  of  James  De  Beck  (who  was  a  principal  witness  against 
the  pirates,  and  tells  a  pitiful  story  of  their  abuse),  a  Frenchman 
and  a  boy. 

Roderigo  (often  written  Odrigoe),  as  will  appear  hereafter, 
served  a  long  time  under  Capt.  Scottow  at  Black  Point  and  at 
the  eastward.  Anderson  was  the  famous  “  Cornelius  the  Dutch¬ 
man.” 

Great  excitement  prevailed  in  the  colony  during  this  trial. 
The  Dutchmen  made  an  able  defence,  producing  their  commission 
under  William,  Prince  of  Orange  (but  which  was  found  to  be 
from  their  former  skipper  Arnouson),  and  alleging  the  infringe¬ 
ment  of  the  law  of  nations  by  onr  vessels  in  trading  with  the 
French  at  the  eastward,  with  whom  the  Dutch  were  at  war. 

There  is  evidence  in  the  trial,  as  in  the  subsequent  action  of 
the  Court,  of  much  popular  sympathy  for  the  Dutch  prisoners, 
while  the  most  bitter  hostility  was  expressed  against  the  English 
renegades.  Five  were  convicted  of  piracy  and  condemned  to 
death ;  but  under  the  stress  of  the  opening  war  execution  was 
deferred.  Anderson  was  acquitted.  Upon  his  petition,  Rodrigo 
was  soon  pardoned  and  released,  and  served  faithfully  against  the 
Indians.  Fowler  was  pardoned  in  October.  The  sentence  of 
the  others,  Rhodes,  Grant  and  Judson,  after  several  months’  im¬ 
prisonment,  was  commuted  to  banishment  out  of  the  country  on 
condition  of  giving  security  for  prison  charges  and  transportation. 

It  will  be  easy  to  see  that  Capt.  Mosely,  the  hero  of  the  suc¬ 
cessful  enterprise,  would  naturally  become  at  once  the  most 
notable  man  in  the  colony,  and  when  in  the  midst  of  his  success 
the  Indian  war  broke  out,  he  would  be  looked  to  at  once  as  a 
popular  leader.  But  he  held  no  military  office,  and  not  even  his 
success  and  popularity,  and  close  family  relation  to  Gov.  Lev- 
erett,  could  prevail  to  break  the  strict  rule  of  official  succession 
in  the  colonial  militia ;  so  that  the  only  course  left  him  was,  per¬ 
haps,  that  which  suited  him  best,  the  organization  of  an  indepen¬ 
dent  company  of  Volunteers.  “Within  three  hours,”  says  the 
old  historian,  “there  were  enlisted  110  volunteers.”  Among 
these  were  many  of  his  old  “privateers,”  i.e.  those  who  had 
served  with  him  in  his  expedition,  and  several  of  the  released 
pirates. 


I 


CAPT.  MOSELY’s  VOLUjSTTEERS.  63 

From  a  close  comparison  of  these  following  lists  with  the  Bos¬ 
ton  tax-lists  for  1674,  and  from  other  sources,  I  find  that  many 
of  his  soldiers  were  apprentices  or  servants,  and  probably  many 
boys  not  yet  enrolled  in  the  militia,  and  therefore  not  subject  to 
impressment.  Several  of  the  names  would  seem  to  indicate  a 
sprinkling  of  Frenchmen,  and  a  contemporary  writer  relates  that 
the  ten  or  twelve  privateers  had  several  dogs  with  them  which 
rendered  valuable  service  in  “  finding  out  the  enemy  in  their 
swamps.”  By  reason  of  the  loss  of  the  first  thirteen  pages  of  the 
Journal,  the  names  previous  to  August  21  have  to  be  gathered 
from  the  Ledger,  and  therefore  I  had  to  make  a  close  study  of 
many  of  the  names,  but  have  no  doubt  of  any  set  down  below, 
with  the  possible  exception  of  Ephm  Regeman  and  Moses  Knap, 
and  with  these  I  deem  the  evidence  sufficient  to  justify  me  in 
putting  them  in  under  Mosely. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  only  seventy-five  men  are  credited 
below  for  services  in  this  campaign.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
more  went  with  him,  and  we  can  readily  see  that  many  of  the 
transient  adventurers,  especially  if  sailors,  would  be  gone  before 
the  Court  got  ready  to  pay  them  off  regularly.  On  August  4th 
Capt.  Mosely  was  paid  £50  by  the  Court  “  for  his  souldiers,”  and 
November  20th  £50  more ;  while  up  to  December  10  he  had  only 
accounted  to  the  treasurer  by  receipts  from  his  men  for  £27,  but 
in  the  meantime  had  made  no  charge  for  his  own  military  service, 
and  I  judge  that  he  may  have  paid  off  many  who  followed  him  in 
this  brief  service  at  Mount  Hope,  as  their  occasion  demanded  or 
his  convenience  suited,  without  any  formal  “  Debenter  ”  or  bill. 
Thus  Cornelius  Anderson  is  not  mentioned  at  all,  and  doubtless 
many  others  were  settled  with  by  Capt.  Mosely,  and  no  account 
rendered.  There  is  no  indication  that  he  misappropriated  the 
colony’s  funds,  but  was  probably  free-handed  with  his  soldiers 
and  careless  in  his  accounts,  and  when  Capt.  Gookin  and  others 
complained  of  his  high-handed  cruelty  towards  the  Indians,  there 
was  no  hint  of  any  indirection  in  regard  to  his  conduct  in  money 
matters.  I  doubt  that  he  had  one  hundred  and  ten  men,  as 
stated  in  the  “  Old  Indian  Chronicle,”  but  think  there  may  have 
been  many  more  than  are  here  set  down.  From  some  indications 
I  am  led  to  think  that  many  of  his  men  did  not  return  with  him 
to  Boston,  but  joined  the  Plymouth  forces  and  remained  in  the 
service  there. 


Names  of  those  who  were  credited  with  military  Service  under  Capt 
Mosely  in  June  &  July  1675  at  M‘  Hope. 


August  9.  1675 

£  s.  d. 
01  07  06 
01  07  06 
01  07  06 


£  s.  d. 
01  07  06 
01  07  06 
02  00  00 


Robert  Webb. 
John  Bordecot. 
William  Perry. 


Robert  Miles. 
Thomas  Austin. 
Moses  Knap. 


64 

KING 

Philip’s  war. 

£ 

s. 

d. 

£ 

s. 

d. 

John  Wilson. 

01 

07 

06 

September  3d. 

Robert  Street. 

01 

07 

06 

Joshua  Winslow,  Lieut.  03 

06 

06 

Thomas  Tidy. 

01 

07 

06 

Cusbe  Ebitt. 

01 

01 

00 

August  14 

Edv  ard  Reade. 

01 

07 

06 

William  Pollard. 

01 

03 

00 

Thomas  Woodmott. 

01 

07 

06 

Joseph  Pollard. 

01 

07 

06 

Roger  Kenicott. 

01 

12 

00 

John  Hands. 

01 

07 

06 

September  14th 

William  Harvey 

01 

07 

06 

Roger  Jones. 

01 

07 

06 

Samuel  Gold. 

01 

02 

06 

Rowland  Soley. 

01 

04 

00 

Joseph  Souther. 

01 

07 

06 

William  Smallidg. 

01 

04 

00 

Alexander  Forbs. 

01 

02 

06 

John  Pemberton. 

01 

01 

00 

William  Green. 

01 

01 

06 

Robert  Kenicott. 

02 

05 

00 

Joseph  Plaisted. 

01 

01 

06 

Josiah  Hilman. 

04 

08 

08 

August  20th 

John  Tombs. 

03 

06 

00 

Ephraim  Regiman. 

02 

07 

00 

John  Steevens. 

03 

00 

00 

John  Coke. 

02 

04 

06 

John  Size. 

01 

12 

00 

Jonathan  Nichols. 

01 

07 

06 

September  21st 

Richard  Nevill. 

01 

19 

06 

Depon  Frenchman. 

01 

00 

06 

Benjamin  Phillips. 

02 

02 

00 

George  Burbeck 

01 

00 

06 

John  Brandon. 

01 

07 

06 

William  Brookes 

02 

05 

00 

Joseph  Sexton. 

01 

07 

06 

William  Smith 

02 

15 

06 

Timothy  Horton. 

01 

07 

06 

William  Pasmore. 

01 

07 

04 

James  Lendall. 

01 

07 

06 

September  28th. 

Samuel  Lane 

01 

07 

06 

John  Cross. 

01 

04 

00 

August  21. 

George  Cray. 

01 

01 

06 

Plandian  Decro. 

01 

07 

06 

Sept  30th 

Jacob  Allin,  Ensigne. 

01 

16 

00 

Jacob  Bullard. 

02 

03 

09 

Thomas  James,  Seryt. 

01 

08 

00 

Oct  19  th 

Aaron  Stephens. 

02 

04 

06 

Timothy  Horton 

02 

00 

00 

John  Holman. 

00 

18 

06 

John  Cross. 

01 

10 

00 

Samuel  Peacock. 

00 

18 

00 

Richd  Barnam,  Corp 1 

05 

12 

00 

John  Drury. 

00 

10 

06 

October  26th  1675 

Thomas  Gross. 

02 

07 

00 

Richard  Eyres 

01 

04 

00 

August  27th 

Robert  Woodward 

01 

00 

00 

Robert  Foster. 

02 

04 

06 

Derman  Morris. 

02 

17 

04 

William  Dean. 

01 

11 

00 

Robert  Dawes 

04 

18 

06 

Manoah  Bodman. 

00 

12 

00 

Isaac  Sheffeild. 

03 

03 

04 

Francis  Burges. 

01 

07 

06 

Daniel  Matthewes. 

02 

00 

00 

William  Jones. 

01 

07 

06 

John  Baker 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Clark. 

01 

07 

06 

Samuel  Browne 

04 

18 

06 

Phillip  Sandy. 

01 

07 

06 

Samuel  Messey 

01 

07 

06 

In  old  Boston  Tax-lists, 

1674,  the  names  Austin, 

Hands, 

Horton,  Decro  and  Woodmott  appear  as  Alliston,  Hams,  Hort- 
man,  Splandy  decro,  Woodnet.  A  petition  of  John  Stevens 
(Archives,  vol.  67)  states  that  he  was  “shot  in  the  arm  in  this 
service. 

In  the  Archives,  vol.  68,  page  198,  there  is  a  petition  from 
Samuel  Holman  saying  that  his  servant  Edward  Sampson  went 
out  to  Mt.  Hope  under  Captain  Mosely,  and  complains  that 


MOSELY  MARCHES  TO  MOUNT  HOPE. 


65 


“instruments  of  chirurgery  of  his  have  been  prest  for  the  use 
of  Moseley’s  chirurgeon,  and  afterwards  a  whole  box  of  the  same 
for  Doctor  Wells  when  he  went  to  Narragansett,  which  are  now 
delivered  to  Dr.  Gerrish.”  Then  himself  prest  to  go  out  under 
Capt.  Wadsworth,  had  to  send  his  said  servant,  costing  him  £14, 
and  then  his  servant  was  put  under  Capt.  Turner. 

I  find  that  several  of  the  names  are  credited  with  service 
under  other  captains.  Thus,  John  Cross  has  credit  under 
Henchman,  September  14,  George  Burkback  (Burbeck,  Berbeck), 
September  8  and  October  19,  under  Lieut.  Brattle.  William 
Brooks  under  Prentice,  August  27.  Several  are  credited  as 
“  guards,”  and  may  have  been  in  service  as  scouts  and  guides,  and 
so  credited  under  the  captains  with  whom  each  service  was  ren¬ 
dered.  With  these  exceptions  I  think  the  above,  together  with 
some  others  whose  names  are  now  lost,  undoubtedly  made  up 
the  motley  company  of  “Volunteers”  with  which  Capt.  Mosely 
marched  out  of  Boston,  probably  early  in  the  morning  of  June 
27th,  and  overtook  the  troops  of  Henchman  and  Prentice,  wait¬ 
ing  for  them  at  “  Woodcock’s,”  in  the  afternoon;  and  then  all 
marched  on  and  arrived  at  Swanzy,  and  quartered  at  Mr.  Miles’s 
Garrison-House  close  to  the  bridge  leading  to  Mount  Hope. 
Gen.  Cudworth  of  the  Plymouth  forces  was  commander-in-chief. 
The  reports  of  the  events  immediately  following  their  arrival  are 
somewhat  conflicting.  Some  account  of  the  general  movement 
of  the  troops  has  been  given  in  the  former  chapter.  If  any  one 
reads  only  the  “  Old  Indian  Chronicle  ”  aforesaid,  it  will  seem  as 
if  Capt.  Mosely  was  the  only  officer  engaged,  and  that  his  men 
did  all  the  fighting ;  but  the  accounts  therein  were  the  first  un¬ 
digested  rumors  that  came  back  from  the  army,  and  are  not  con¬ 
firmed  by  Hubbard,  or  Church,  or  Mather.  The  action  of  the 
troopers  on  the  afternoon  of  the  28th  belongs  to  the  next  chapter, 
on  Capt.  Prentice.  The  repulse  they  received  greatly  elated  the 
Indians,  who  appeared  next  morning  shouting  their  defiant  chal¬ 
lenge  to  ours  to  come  across  the  bridge  and  fight  them.  Taking 
the  several  accounts,  the  following  is  probably  near  the  truth : 
Capt.  Mosely  with  his  volunteers  charged  across  the  bridge  and 
pursued  the  Indians  to  the  woods.  The  regular  troops  followed 
and  formed  in  line  to  sweep  the  neck  by  marching  with  both 
wings  of  the  line  extended.  This,  Church  says,  was  so  clumsily 
performed  that  the  two  wings  encountered  and  fired  upon  each 
other,  and  Perez  Savage,  Capt.  Henchman’s  ensign,  was  wounded. 
Philip  fled  before  our  troops,  and  with  his  people  escaped  across 
the  Mattapoisett  River  to  Pocasset.  The  volunteers  took  a  prom¬ 
inent  part  in  the  scouting  movements  of  the  next  few  days,  then 
marched,  July  5th,  with  the  Massachusetts  forces,  to  the  Narra¬ 
gansett  country,  and  returned  back  with  them  on  July  15th  to 
Rehoboth,  and  when  on  the  18th  it  was  decided  to  withdraw 
all  the  Massachusetts  troops  except  Capt.  Henchman’s,  they 


66 


king  philip’s  war. 

returned  to  Boston  and  were  disbanded,  probably  about  July 
20th. 

No  further  credits  appear  under  Capt.  Mosely  until  December 
10,  yet  during  all  the  time  from  his  return  from  Mt.  Hope  he  had 
been  in  almost  constant  service,  which  it  may  be  well  for  us  to 
follow,  as  it  is  probable  that  most  of  his  men  credited  on  that 
date  had  served  with  him  to  the  time.  On  August  7,  with  60 
dragoons  he  met  Capt.  Henchman’s  tired  troops  marching 
towards  Mendon,  having  been  sent  to  them  with  supplies. 
(Capt.  Thomas’s  letter  in  Mather’s  Brief  History  says,  “We  met 
Capt.  Mosely  marching  from  Providence  up  after  us.”)  When 
Capt.  Henchman  went  next  day  to  Boston  for  orders,  Mosely 
was  left  in  command  at  Mendon,  and  most  of  Henchman’s  men 
were  left  with  him.  Within  a  few  days  he  was  ordered  to  march  to 
Quaboag  (Brookfield),  where  he  continued  awhile  scouting,  etc. 
In  a  note  endorsing  a  bill  of  William  Locke,  chirurgeon  of  the 
Massachusetts  forces  in  the  Mount  Hope  campaign,  Mosely  says 
that  after  Capt.  Henchman  went  to  Boston,  “  he  took  sd  Locke 
into  his  company,  and  from  Mendon  marched  to  Malbury  and 
thence  to  Quaboag.”  Capt.  Lathrop  being  senior  officer,  with¬ 
drew  Locke  to  his  forces;  and  I  find  a  Court  Order  (vol.  67, 
Archives)  to  Dr.  William  Hawkins,  August  17,  1675,  “to  join 
Mosely  at  Malbrow.” 

On  August  16th  he  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Governor,  which 
explains  his  movements,  situation,  etc. 

ffrom  Nashowah  Allies  Lankestor  16th  August  1675. 

Honored  Sir 

Yesterday  I  spayred  Capt.  Beeres  26  our  men  to  march  with 
him  to  Sprinkefeild  &  it  was  with  Major  Willard  ordder  and  I  have 
also  Accordinge  to  my  orders  from  Major  General  Denison  Sentt  to 
Dunstable  fort  to  Inlearge  there  gard  18  men  &  to  Groatton  12  men 
&  to  Chelmsford  12  men  out  of  those  yt  ware  under  Capt  Hinksmans 
&  of  those  yl  Caime  with  me  :  Also  last  nightt  about  Seaven  A  clocke 
we  martched  into  Nashowah  wheare  we  are  Att  present  butt  shall  as 
soon  as  the  Constable  haith  prest  us  a  dozen  Horses  proseed  for 
Groatton  &  so  to  Chensford :  according  to  the  order  Major  Willard 
gave  me  yesterday  Att  Quoah-bawge ;  The  day  before  I  came  from 
Quoahbaugh — I  martched  I(n)  company  with  Capt  Beeres  &  Capt 
Laytrop  to  the  Swftp  where  they  left  mee  &  tooke  theire  martch  to 
Sprinkfilld  and  a  soone  as  they  ware  gon  I  tooke  my  martch  Into  the 
woods  about  8  mills  beyond  the  Swiipe  where  Capt  Huttcheinson  and 
the  rest  ware  y‘  ware  wounded  &  killed  &  so  returned  to  follow  the 
enemy  as  above  saide  ;  also  we  did  find  A  prsell  of  wigwoms  beyond 
the  Swaimp  about  20  which  we  burnt  &c.  our  Majr  having  a  Seartayne 
Intelligence  of  a  considerable  party  of  Indians  yl  have  gathered  too- 
gather  a  littell  above  Chensford  which  I  hope  wee  shalbe  up  with  this 
night  or  toMorrough  at  furthest  &  if  it  pleese  God  I  come  up  with  them 
God  assisting  me  I  will  cloosely  ingadge  with  them  &  God  spearing  my 


67 


MEND0X  TO  “  BLOODY  BROOK.” 

life  I  shall  as  oppertunity  gives  leave  Acquaint  your  honnor  of  my 
Actions;  I  have  with  me  butt  60  men  at  present;  so  desiring  your 
prosperity  &  y‘  it  may  please  God  to  preserve  your  Honour  in  good 
health  and  humbly  beseach  your  prayers  to  God  for  my  Good  Suckses 
in  this  my  undertaking  with  My  Humbell  Searvis  &c  in  all  deuttyfull- 
ness  I  subscribe  myself  your  Respective  kinsman  &  Humble  Searvantt 

Samuell  Mosley 

my  Cosson  Leverett  ppresents  his 

Deuty  to  yor  Honour  &  my  Antt. 

Between  Aug.  9th  and  16th  he  had  marched  from  Mendon  to 
Brookfield,  where  he  distributed  his  men  as  above.  On  the  17th 
he  probably  marched  towards  Chelmsford  as  proposed,  but  on  the 
22d  some  of  the  Nipmuck  Indians  fell  upon  Lancaster  and  killed 
seven  or  nine  inhabitants,  and  the  next  day  the  people  sent  for 
Capt.  Mosely  and  told  him  of  their  suspicions  of  the  Hassanemesit 
Indians  (friendly  or  Praying  Indians)  then  living  under  supei- 
vision  in  a  sort  of  fort  at  Marlborough.  Capt.  Mosely  hastily 
marched  to  the  fort  and  seized  eleven  (or  according  to  Major 
Gookin’s  account  fifteen)  of  the  Indians,  “pinioned”  them  and 
bound  them  neck  to  neck  and  sent  them  down  to  Boston  for  trial. 
Of  the  fifteen  only  eleven  were  accused ;  all  were  finally  found 
innocent  &  acquitted,  and  Capt.  Mosely’s  proceeding  severely 
criticised  by  the  Court  and  his  superior  officers.  Majr  Gookin 
believed  that  the  people  instigated  suspicions  “  in  order  to  secure 
the  land  of  the  Indians.”  After  sending  these  prisoners  down 
on  August  30th,  Capt.  Mosely  marched  up  the  Merrimac  as  far 
as  Pennacook  (Concord,  N.H.)  to  the  home  of  the  peaceful 
Wannalancet,  where  he  was  prepared  to  repeat  the  late  trans¬ 
action  ;  but  the  Pennaeooks  had  quietly  withdrawn  and  eluded 
him.  He  burnt  their  village  and  stores  of  food,  and  marched 
back.  Capt.  Mosely’s  course  was  not  approved,  and  the  Court 
immediately  sent  messengers  to  win  back  the  friendship  of 
Wannalancet. 

The  next  we  hear  of  Capt.  Mosely  is  on  September  14,  when 
he  marched  into  Hadley  with  sixty  Bay  soldiers,  and  thence  to 
Deerfield,  where  he  was  quartered  and  scouting  on  the  18th, 
when  hearing  the  guns  of  the  attack  on  Capt.  Lathrop  at 
Bloody  Brook,  he  hurried  with  seventy  men  to  join  the  fight, 
and  though  too  late  to  prevent  the  terrible  disaster,  he  and  his 
men  attacked  the  great  body  and  “  charged  them  through  and 
through  ”  several  times,  chasing  them  seven  miles  or  more. 
Lieutenants  Savage  and  Pickering  especially  distinguished 
themselves  for  their  daring.  Finally,  after  long  and  severe 
fighting,  but  strangely  enough,  with  a  loss  of  only  two  killed 
and  eight  or  nine  wounded,  they  were  being  forced  slowly  back¬ 
ward  by  great  numbers,  when  Major  Treat  with  a  force  of 
Connecticut  troops  and  Indians  came  up  and  joined  them,  and 
before  these  united  forces  Philip  retreated  in  haste. 


68 


king  philip’s  war. 

In  regard  to  the  killed  and  wounded  I  have  the  names.  John 
Oates,  and  Peter  Barron.  The  will  of  the  latter  shows  that  he 
was  the  servant  of  Elias  Hendly  of  Marblehead,  and  was  pressed 
to  go  against  the  Indians.  Will  was  probated  Nov.  26,  1675. 
A  petition  of  Richard  Russ,  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  declares,  “  I 
was  just  out  in  the  Country’s  Service  under  Capt.  Mosely,  when 
Captn  Lawtrop  was  slayne,  and  in  that  fight  received  a  shott  in 
ye  bottom  of  my  belly,  the  bullet  carryin  in  with  it  ye  ring  of  my 
Bandoleer.” 

The  English  retired  to  Deerfield  for  the  night,  and  next 
morning  returned  to  the  battlefield  and  buried  their  dead. 

It  was  thought  best  to  abandon  the  garrison  at  Deerfield,  and 
so  all  removed  to  Hatfield,  and  Capt.  Mosely  was  garrisoning  that 
town  on  October  5th,  when  he  writes  the  Governor.  Major 
Pynchon,  with  Capts.  Appleton  and  Sill,  were  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river  at  Hadley. 

This  letter  is  in  another  hand,  but  dictated  and  signed  by 
Mosely. 

Hadfield  ye  5.  of  8ber  1675 

Honoured  Sir. 

Your  kind  letter  I  have  received  bearing  date  ye30th  of  yelast  months 
for  which  I  render  you  many  thanks  and  takes  it  very  kindly,  I  confes, 
y‘  I  have  written  some  things  to  that  purpose  as  Concerning  the  hange- 
ing  of  those  Indians  of  Malbery,  I  desire  to  be  Excuse  if  my  tongue  or 
pen  has  out  run  my  witt  being  in  a  passion  and  seeing  what  mischief 
had  beene  done  by  the  Indians  which  I  have  beene  eye  witness  to,  would 
make  a  wiser  person  than  I  am,  willing  to  have  revenge  of  aney  of 
them,  but  notwithstanding  what  I  have  written  there  as  to  that  purpose 
it  is  fare  from  my  heart  to  Doe,  for  I  am  willing  to  undertake  aney 
commands  Imposed  upon  me  to  serve  the  country  as  farr  as  my  life, 
wee  discover  severall  Indians  about  all  these  tounes,  which  causes 
Allarm,  and  wee  have  mett  ne’er  of  theire  myne  body  as  yett  Butt  wee 
Doe  Dayly  Expect  them  wee  never  sended  aney  skoutes  but  weould 
mett  them  onely  last  night  they  could  not  discover  them  although  they 
have  been  about  Hadly  mill  which  is  the  other  side  of  a  great  River 
Contrary  to  my  quartes,  Springfield  Indians  is  thought  of  Certain  to 
bee  ready  att  any  times  when  the  enemy  comes  to  appose  ye  toune  to 
fall  upon  the  English  along  with  Enemye,  my  service  pray  presented 
to  your  Lady  and  not  forgetting  yourselfe  and  all  the  familye  wishing 
you  and  all  of  them  much  prosperity,  health  &  happiness  being  all 
att  present  from  Sr  your  Most  Humble  &  Ready  Servant 

and  loving  Cousin  Samuel  Mosley. 

[P.  S.] 

Last  night  we  received  some  news  from  Springfield  which  gives  us  an 
acct.  yl  Phillip  with  500  men  Laid  in  Springfield  forte  &  resolved  to  fall 
upon  the  toune  this  day,  and  to  prevent  his  designe  Major  Pinchon  is 
gone  with  Capt  Apleton  and  Capt  Sill,  with  a  company  of  190  Soulders, 
two  Quiniticate  companeys  leaft  att  Hadly  to  gard  that  toune  I  and  my 
company  heare  wheare  I  doe  expect  them  every  houre  and  att  nightt  as 
well  as  in  day  for  they  have  faired  upon  ye  Sentinell  at  night. 


MOSELY’S  HATFIELD  LETTER. 


69 


The  blow  fell  as  threatened,  and  Major  Pynchon  and  troops 
came  only  to  find  the  town  in  flames,  and  the  Indians  fled. 
Major  Pynchon,  stricken  sorely  by  this  heavy  loss  of  his  beloved 
town,  begged  earnestly  to  be  relieved  from  the  chief  command, 
and  the  Court  reluctantly  and  very  tenderly  granted  his 
request,  appointing  Capt.  Appleton  major  in  his  stead.  The  In¬ 
dians  retired  to  Coasset,  about  fifty  miles  above  Hadley,  and  on 
the  12th  Major  A.  marched  from  Springfield  and  quartered  his 
troops  at  that  place.  The  next  few  days  we  spent  in  scouting 
and  searching  out  the  enemy,  and  on  the  16th  Capt.  Mosely 
writes  the  following  letter  to  the  Governor.  The  postscript  is 
written  in  his  hand  on  the  margin  of  the  letter.  It  seems  to  us 
too  horrible  to  be  conceived  of  as  the  act  of  Christians.  The  cap¬ 
tive  was  the  squaw  taken  at  Springfield.  Nothing  further  is 
known  of  the  affair.  Some  special  act  of  outrage  or  treachery  on 
her  part  may  have  drawn  upon  her  this  fearful  sentence. 

Hatfield,  16th  October  1675 

I  have  skarse  aney  strang  news  to  acquaint  yr  Honnr  withall  at  pres¬ 
ent  yesterday  wee  thought  to  go  in  pursuit  of  ye  Enemies  at  Hadly  side 
of  the  river  and  as  wee  marched  out  from  Hadly  Some  Theinge  better 
than  a  mile,  the  Skoutes  yl  was  send  from  this  towne  Did  Speye  some 
Indians  and  thereupon  we  came  this  side  of  the  river  and  did  march  out 
last  night  ye  whole  body  or  strenght  of  men  that  we  have  heare ;  but 
at  Last  we  took  it  to  Consideration  that  it  was  very  Dangerous  to  leave 
the  townes  impteye  without  any  Souldiers.  This  day  being  a  very 
blusterous  and  very  high  winds,  I  have  sent  out  some  skoutes  and  they 
discover  some  Indians,  some  three  miles  off.  And  last  night  I  have 
send  of  my  men  4  to  Deerfield  and  some  two  miles  from  the  towne 
wheare  thare  was  some  railes  ye  enemy  have  weaged  them  up  and 
made  them  very  fast.  I  know  not  whether  it  be  to  trapann  the  skoutes 
or  else  to  faight  there  if  we  go  in  pursueth  of  them ;  but  I  intend  to 
bourn  all  their  rails  up,  please  God  to  grant  me  life  and  health. 

Wee  are  told  by  an  Indian  that  was  taken  at  Springfeeld  y*  they  in¬ 
tended  to  set  upon  these  3  townes  in  one  Day.  The  body  of  them  y‘ 
waites  this  exploite  to  do  is  about  600  Indians,  as  wee  are  informed 
by  the  aforesaid  Indian ;  and  farther  wee  are  informed  that  they  are 
making  a  fort  some  60  miles  from  this  Place  up  in  the  woods,  Pray  sir 
be  pleased  to  present  my  humble  service  to  your  lady  and  all  the  rest 
of  the  family. 

I  make  no  question  but  the  enemy s  will  make  an  tempt  within  a  short 
space  of  Time  upon  those  Tounes,  having  nothing  else  skarse  worth 
your  reading  I  remaine  Sir  yr  most  Humble  & 

Ready  Servant,  whilst  [?] 

Samuel  Mosley. 

“  This  aforesaid  Indian  was  ordered  to  be  torn  in  peeces  by  Doggs 
and  she  was  soe  dealt  with  all.” 


70 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


On  the  19th,  the  Indians  in  great  force  fell  upon  the  town,  but 
were  soon  “beaten  off  without  doing  much  harm.”  Just  before 
the  fight  seven  of  Mosely’s  men  and  three  others  were  sent  out 
to  scout,  and  seven  of  the  number  were  cut  off  and  killed.  The 
Indians  made  no  further  general  attack  after  this  repulse,  and 
withdrew  to  winter  quarters.  Capt.  Mosely’s  forces,  however, 
still  remained  in  the  western  towns  with  other  troops,  under 
Major  Appleton,  until  as  late  as  November  20th  ;  for,  on  the 
16th,  the  Court  authorized  a  letter  to  Appleton  directing  the 
withdrawal  of  the  main  force,  and  urging  especially  the  dismissal 
of  the  troops  of  Capt.  Mosely.  The  United  Colonies  were  now 
in  full  preparation  for  the  grand  movement  against  the  Narragan- 
sets ;  and  the  “  Privateers  ”  with  their  dashing  leaders  were 
needed.  The  western  and  outlying  towns  were  garrisoned  as 
securely  as  might  be,  and  all  available  “  veterans  ”  hurried  in  to 
swell  the  army  of  the  three  colonies  to  1000  men,  for  this  special 
service  to  Narraganset.  Much  of  great  interest  in  the  organiza¬ 
tion  of  this  army  must  be  passed  over  here. 

The  quota  of  Massachusetts  was  to  be  527  men,  Plymouth  158, 
and  Connecticut  325.  Rhode  Island  was  not  “  counted  in,”  for 
reasons  best  known  to  our  dear  old  Puritan  fathers.  Josiah  Wins¬ 
low,  Esq.,  Governor  of  Plymouth  Colony,  was  made  Commander- 
in-chief  of  the  army,  and  under  him  Major  Samuel  Appleton 
commanded  the  Massachusetts  forces,  consisting  of  six  compa¬ 
nies,  viz. :  Maj.  Appleton’s  own,  Capt.  Mosely’s,  Capt.  Joseph 
Gardner’s,  Capt.  Nathaniel  Davenport’s,  Capt.  James  Oliver’s, 
and  a  troop  under  Capt.  Thomas  Prentice.  Major  Robert  Treat 
commanded  the  Connecticut  forces,  five  companies  under  Capts. 
Siely,  Gallop,  Mason,  Wats;  and  Major  William  Bradford  two 
Plymouth  companies,  his  own  and  Capt.  John  Gorham’s.  The 
Massachusetts  forces  mustered  on  Dedham  Plain,  where,  on  Dec. 
9,  Gen.  Winslow  assumed  command.  There  were  then  “465 
fighting  men,”  besides  Capt.  Prentice’s  troop.  It  seems,  from  the 
Journal,  that  no  settlement  had  been  made  with  Mosely’s  and 
Appleton’s  troops  for  the  campaign  in  the  west,  and  on  December 
10th,  twenty-seven  pages  of  the  book  are  entirely  devoted  to  their 
accounts,  and  few,  if  any,  other  items  are  given  under  that  date 
save  such  as  relate  to  them.  The  captains  had  paid  out  small 
sums  at  different  times,  and  the  towns  of  “  Hadly,”  “  Malbrow,” 
“  Mendam,”  “Lining”  (Lynu),  and  many  constables,  merchants 
and  others,  are  credited  by  cash,  clothing,  etc.,  to  these  troops  ; 
and  on  that  date  Treasurer  Hull  pays  them  the  balance  of  their 
accounts.  Among  the  few  precious  lists  of  names  preserved  in 
the  Massachusetts  Archives  is  the  “  Muster  Roll  of  Capt.  Mosely’s 
company,  taken  at  Dedham  the  9  of  Xber,  1675.”  I  have 
arranged  this  list  and  the  credits  of  December  10-20  and  Jan¬ 
uary,  alphabetically,  and  tested  them  carefully  otherwise,  and 
find  that  the  greater  part  of  his  company  were  his  “  veterans.” 
The  following  account  may  be  of  interest. 


MOSELY’s  COMPANY  AT  DEDHAM  PLAIN. 


71 


The  town  of  Dunstable,  per  Constable  Jona.  Tyng,  brings  in  a 
bill  of  about  £100  for  billeting  Mosely’s  men,  ammunition,  etc. 

Billeting  18  men  from  13th  August  to  10th  Sept.  1675  .£16  16  00 

“  29  “  “  lltb  Sept.  “  17tb  January  1675-6  47  18  00 

“  6  “  “  18  Jan’y  “  25  may  1676  .  .  25  03  00 

“  3  “  “  3  may  “  14  July  “  .  .08  08  00 

25  lbs  Powder  and  250  bullets,  &c.  .  .  .  .  .  01  15  00 

2  horses  3  days  to  Pennacook  .  .  .  .  .  .  00  01  06 

An  Auditing  Committee  questioned  the  bill,  but  he  was  paid 
$20  on  account,  October  11,  1676.  (Archives,  vol.  68.) 


John  Rice. 

William  Blake.1 
Jonathan  Freeman. 

Samuel  Guild. 

John  Buckman. 

Richard  Brine. 

John  Cooper. 

Thomas  Bull. 

John  Roberts. 

Edward  Weston. 

Perez  Savage,  Lieut. 

John  Ireson. 

John  Brandon. 

John  Fuller,  Corp1 3 * *. 

Benjamin  Dyer. 

James  Johnson,  Sergt. 

Zachariah  Crisp. 

Peter  Lane 
John  Turner. 

Richard  Rust. 

John  Leech. 

Jonathan  Nichols. 

John  Plympton. 

Tho8  Region. 

John  Cross. 

Thomas  Green. 

Thomas  Hams. 

James  Dickenden. 

Richard  Scott. 

William  Bateman. 

Richard  Adams.  04  16  00 


10th  1675 


Thomas  Warren. 

06 

11 

02 

John  Ramsey. 

04 

19 

04 

John  Stebins. 

02 

10 

06 

Jonathan  Wales. 

04 

19 

04 

Timothy  Wales. 

04 

19 

04 

Jeremiah  Stokes. 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Twichell. 

04 

19 

04 

Samuel  Veale. 

04 

19 

04 

Andrew  Johnson. 

04 

19 

04 

Mathew  Thotnas. 

05 

02 

00 

Francis  Siddall. 

04 

19 

04 

John  Dunbar. 

04 

16 

00 

Edward  Weeden. 

04 

19 

04 

Samuel  Kemble. 

04 

19 

00 

Timothy  Hortman. 

02 

16 

04 

John  Corser. 

04 

19 

02 

Daniel  Magenis,  Corpl. 
James  Updike,  SergK 

05 

10 

00 

04 

09 

04 

Daniel  Matthews. 

07 

09 

00 

Mathias  Smith. 

04 

16 

00 

John  Williston. 

04 

16 

00 

John  Sherman. 

04 

13 

60 

William  Phillips. 

04 

19 

02 

James  Frankling. 

05 

04 

06 

Bartholomew  Flegge. 

04 

19 

04 

Benjamin  Allen. 

02 

08 

00 

John  Cantelberry. 

04 

16 

00 

Hugh  Collohue2 

04 

19 

04 

Jacob  Willar 

13 

11 

00 

Valentine  Harris. 

02 

14 

00 

James  Mathews. 

01 

18 

06 

Credited  with  Military  Service  under  Capt  Mosely. 
December 


04 

16 

00 

04 

16 

00 

04 

16 

00 

04 

16 

00 

04 

19 

02 

04 

19 

02 

04 

19 

04 

04 

19 

04 

04 

19 

04 

05 

16 

00 

12 

00 

00 

04 

16 

00 

02 

14 

00 

05 

12 

00 

04 

19 

04 

04 

11 

00 

04 

00 

00 

04 

19 

04 

04 

16 

00 

04 

16 

00 

04 

19 

04 

03 

10 

02 

04 

16 

00 

04 

12 

06 

02 

02 

00 

04 

19 

04 

05 

02 

00 

04 

04 

00 

06 

10 

00 

01 

07 

06 

1  Variations  not  noted  above  are,  Blacke  (Wm  Blake,  jr.  for  whose  release  his  father,  Wm 
Senr,  petitions  the  Court) ,  Brien,  Wesson,  Ayrson  (for  Ireson) ,  Dayer,  Leane,  Russ,  Leigh, 
Plimton,  Dichetto,  Stebence,  Weals,  Stokes,  Cousier,  McKennyes,  Willingston,  Canter- 

berry,  and  other  minor  changes. 

3  August,  1676.  George  Nowell  petitions  for  the  release  of  his  servant  “  Hugh  Gallo¬ 

way  that  went  as  a  Volunteer  under  Mosely  neere  the  beginning  of  ye  warre,  and  is  now 

in  ye  garrison  at  Hatfield  under  Capt.  Sweane.” 


72 

KING 

Philip’s  war. 

Daniel  Johnson  Trumpeter 

09 

12 

00 

Dennis  Sihy. 

07 

02 

09 

Dec.  20th 

Thomas  Bull. 

03 

03 

00 

John  Mayo. 

04 

17 

00 

Richard  Randall. 

06 

15 

04 

Thomas  Okleby 

04 

10 

00 

Richard  Brian. 

02 

14 

00 

John  Casey 

01 

15 

06 

John  Day. 

02 

14 

00 

John  Langbury 

01 

10 

00 

Edward  Weston. 

01 

11 

00 

Richard  Jinkes 

07 

04 

00 

Richard  Gibson. 

02 

14 

00 

Joshua  Silverwood 

04 

12 

06 

Thomas  Welch. 

04 

08 

02 

John  Morse  Commissary  02 

15 

06 

John  Ramsey. 

02 

14 

00 

1675-6  Jan’y  25. 

Thomas  Furbush. 

00 

18 

00 

Benjamin  Norden 

04 

16 

00 

John  Rosse. 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Gay. 

02 

03 

08 

William  Philips. 

02 

14 

00 

George  Manning. 

01 

00 

06 

John  Rice. 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Porter. 

01 

00 

06 

James  Chadwick. 

04 

04 

00 

Josias  Hillman. 

01 

00 

06 

Edward  Weeden. 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Jones. 

01 

14 

02 

June  24th  1676 

Edward  Read. 

00 

10 

04 

Thomas  Forbes. 

02 

12 

00 

Robert  Parris. 

01 

10 

00 

John  Pemerton. 

03 

03 

00 

John  Langbury. 

01 

10 

00 

John  Leech. 

02 

14 

00 

February  29,  1675-6 

William  Maderill. 

02 

14 

10 

Daniel  Canada. 

02 

14 

00 

Peter  Leane. 

02 

14 

10 

James  Franklin. 

02 

14 

00 

William  Smallage. 

08 

15 

06 

Jonathan  Wales. 

02 

14 

00 

Richard  Gibson. 

02 

14 

10 

George  Grimes. 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Ockerby. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Provender. 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Wales. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Leech. 

02 

14 

00 

Richard  Randall. 

02 

02 

00 

Hugh  Gollihu  (Collohue)  02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Wakefield. 

02 

14 

10 

William  Bateman. 

04 

01 

00 

William  Blake  jr. 

02 

14 

00 

Joshuah  Silverwood. 

03 

00 

00 

John  Essery. 

04 

10 

10 

John  Bucknum. 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Warren 

02 

14 

10 

Edward  Weston. 

03 

03 

00 

Philip  Keane. 

02 

02 

00 

Benjamin  Dyer. 

02 

14 

00 

Edward  Weason. 

03 

02 

00 

March  24th  1675 

-6 

Joseph  Douse. 

02 

14 

10 

Daniel  Mathews. 

01 

16 

00 

Stephen  Fielder. 

02 

14 

10 

Samuel  Colebourne. 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Pratt. 

02 

14 

00 

John  Stebbins. 

03 

00 

00 

Thomas  Bishop. 

00 

18 

06 

John  Brandon. 

03 

00 

00 

Joseph  Deers. 

02 

02 

00 

Jonathan  Freeman. 

02 

14 

00 

Richard  Addams. 

05 

08 

00 

John  Willis  ton. 

02 

14 

00 

James  Couch. 

02 

14 

10 

Daniel  Matthews. 

02 

05 

00 

John  Ramsey. 

02 

14 

10 

James  Johnson. 

05 

10 

00 

Thomas  Webb. 

02 

02 

00 

Richard  Gibson. 

03 

17 

00 

Daniel  Clow. 

02 

08 

00 

John  Farmer. 

08 

12 

03 

John  Wilkins. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Canterbery. 

03 

03 

00 

Matthew  Thomas. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Cooper. 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Leman. 

02 

14 

10 

James  Updike. 

02 

14 

00 

Richard  Cowell. 

03 

02 

00 

April  24th  1676 

Daniel  East. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Munge. 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Hitchborn. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Shepard. 

03 

12 

00 

Samuel  Fosdike. 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Davis. 

02 

14 

00 

John  Hawkins. 

02 

14 

00 

Sam1  Guile. 

04 

01 

00 

David  Landon 

02 

14 

10 

James  Mollard. 

01 

17 

06 

Seabread  Taylor. 

02 

02 

00 

MOSELY  AT  NARRAGANSET. 

73 

John  Long. 

02 

14 

10 

Joseph  Graves. 

01 

04 

00 

Peter  Bennett,  Lieut. 

06 

15 

00 

Roger  Brown. 

02 

14 

00 

John  Wensteed. 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Bull. 

03 

03 

00 

Edmund  Chamberlain. 

00 

12 

00 

Joseph  Douse. 

02 

14 

00 

Jacob  Cole. 

03 

00 

00 

James  Smith. 

05 

08 

00 

Edward  Walker. 

02 

14 

00 

Dennis  Sihy. 

04 

00 

00 

Joseph  Low. 

04 

10 

10 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  credits  for  service  were  given 
at  the  close  of  such  service,  or  at  regular  monthly  or  bi-monthly 
settlements.  It  often  happened  that  the  men  would  be  separated 
from  their  officers,  at  garrisons  on  special  duties,  and  so  waiting 
the  official  signature  the  bill  would  be  delayed  sometimes  for  a 
year.  Many  who  were  in  the  Narraganset  campaign  were  not 
paid  off  till  the  general  settlement,  June  24th,  1676.  And  though 
many  of  the  credits  represent  later  service,  yet  I  judge  the  oft- 
repeated  amount,  <£02  14  00,  represents  the  “Fort”  campaign. 
This  will  hold  in  nearly  every  case,  though  not  all.  Thomas 
May  was  in  that  campaign  and  received  no  credit  until  Septem¬ 
ber  23,  1676.  The  credits  in  other  companies  confirm  this 
theory. 

The  forces  under  Gen.  Winslow  marched  on  the  afternoon  of 
December  9th  to  Woodcock’s  Garrison,  and  December  10th  to 
Seaconk.  From  thence  Capt.  Mosely  and  his  men  sailed  with 
Mr.  Richard  Smith  across  the  bay,  and  then  marched  to  his 
Garrison-House  at  Wickford  in  Narraganset,  arriving  in  the  even¬ 
ing,  having  taken  a  party  of  thirty-six  Indians  on  the  way. 

Mr.  Church  relates  that  he  went  across  to  Wickford  with  Mr. 
Smith,  but  omits  any  mention  of  Capt.  Mosely  and  his  company, 
and  their  capture  of  36  Indians  in  the  march  to  Wickford,  but  tells 
of  18  that  himself  took  with  the  “  Eldridges  and  some  other  brisk 
hands.”  Church  never  omits  to  tell  of  his  own  exploits  at  full 
length.  Mosely  was  the  most  popular  officer  of  the  army,  and  un¬ 
doubtedly  excited  Church’s  anger  and  perhaps  jealousy  by  ignoring 
and  opposing  him.  Mosely,  the  successful  captain  at  the  head  of 
a  strong  company  of  veterans,  would  not  readily  accept  commands 
from  one  without  title  or  company,  whose  best  service  hitherto 
had  been  only  in  scouting  and  skirmishing  with  small  irregular 
parties.  Church  writes  his  own  adventures.  Mosely’s  can  never 
be  known  fully,  but  what  we  have  shows  him  to  be  brave,  popu¬ 
lar  with  both  the  army  and  at  home,  and  wonderfully  successful. 

Gen.  Winslow  with  the  other  forces  ferried  over  to  Providence, 
and  marched  through  “  Pomham’s  ”  territory,  in  hopes  to  capture 
that  sachem,  to  the  rendezvous  at  Smith’s  Garrison,  on  the  even¬ 
ing  of  Dec.  12th.  Mosely  had  captured  one  Peter,  an  Indian  who 
betrayed  Philip,  and  became  invaluable  to  the  army  as  a  faithful 
guide,  actuated  probably  by  desire  of  revenge.  On  December 
14th  the  General  marched  out  with  his  forces  to  explore  the 


74 


king  philip’s  war. 


surrounding  country,  and  Sergfc.  (John)  Bennet,  with  thirty  men 
of  Capt.  Oliver’s  company,  went  out  scouting,  and  killed  two 
Indians  and  captured  eight  more. 

On  the  15th  occurred  a  skirmish  at  a  certain  stone-wall,  where 
twenty  or  thirty  Indians  discharged  their  guns  at  Capt.  Mosely 
at  once  without  effect.  On  the  same  evening  the  Garrison-House 
of  Jireh  (Jerry)  Bull  at  Petasquamscot  was  destroyed,  and  seven¬ 
teen  persons  killed,  of  which  news  was  brought  next  day  by 
Capt.  Prentice’s  troop,  and  on  the  17th  the  Connecticut  forces, 
three  hundred  English  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  Mohegans, 
arrived  at  the  same  place,  and  on  the  18th  the  whole  force  of 
Massachusetts  and  Plymouth  met  them  there  about  5  P.M. 

Bull’s  Garrison  had  been  intended  for  the  general  rendezvous, 
and  its  loss  was  severely  felt,  as  the  army  was  forced  to  spend 
the  entire  night  without  shelter.  At  5  A.M.  the  next  morning, 
December  19th,  they  took  up  the  march  towards  the  Fort. 

The  story  of  the  march,  and  the  great  battle  at  the  “  Swamp 
fort,”  is  to  be  told  in  full  in  a  subsequent  chapter  and  so  is 
omitted  here. 

The  following  list  of  “Wounded  and  Slayne  ”  in  Capt. 
Mosely’s  company,  is  in  the  Archives,  vol.  68 : 


6  men 


Slayne 


9  Wounded 
men  are 
on  6  Jan’ry, 


John  Farmer,  Boston 

Richard  Barnam,  “ 

Jerre  Stockes,  “ 

Wm  Bourle,  Charlestown  (probably  Burt) 
Edmund  Chamberlain,  Maulden 
Richard  Updick,  Narragansett 


Boston 


U 


at  Rhode  Island 
with  5  Souldg"  { 
to  attend 
the 

wounded  men 
there 

Samuel  Fosdick 
Thomas  Weales. 

James  Dighenton.  (Dichetto) 
Joseph  Low. 

Joshua  Silverwood. 


Lieut.  Perez  Savage 
John  Brandon 
John  Sherman,  Watertown. 
James  Updick,  Boston. 

James  Chadwick,  Malden. 
John  Fuller,  Dedham. 

John  Shepheard,  Charlestown. 
Richd  Addams  of  Sudbury. 
Jacob  Coole,  Charlestown. 


To  attend 


Daniel  Weld,  chirurgeon,  is  credited  <£10;  is  probably  the  Dr. 
Wells  referred  to  in  petition  of  Holman  above.  He  was  “  Chir¬ 
urgeon  General,”  and  was  of  Salem.  There  is  a  credit  to  George 
Thomas,  Dec.  10,  for  “  Chyrurgion  Instruments  for  Dr.  Weld 
and  Dr.  Knott”  (Richard  Knott  of  Marblehead).  These  were 
with  the  wounded  probably,  and  also  Dr.  Philip  Read,  of  Lynn, 
and  Dr.  William  Hawkins,  Boston. 


MOSEEY  AT  NARRAGANSET. 


75 


Mr.  Hubbard  states  the  number  of  Mosely’s  men  killed  to  be 
nine,  wounded  ten.  Whole  number  of  English  killed,  above 
eighty,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  wounded  that  recovered.  He 
puts  the  number  of  Indians  killed  at  one  thousand  warriors,  and 
many  of  the  aged  and  women  and  children.  The  troops  returned 
to  Smith’s  Garrison  that  night,  and  cared  for  their  wounded  ;  and 
Church  relates  that  Mr.  Andrew  Belcher  arrived  that  evening  at 
Wickford  with  a  vessel  laden  with  supplies,  without  which  there 
must  have  been  great  suffering. 

In  a  bill  presented  by  Capt.  Benjamin  Gillarn,  dated  Jan.  19, 
1675,  is  the  item,  “  To  charges  on  men  to  cut  out  Andrew 
Belcher’s  Sloop  to  goe  to  Narragansett,  14s.” 

The  troops  remained  mostly  inactive  during  the  ensuing 
month,  seeking  to  bring  the  Indians  to  terms  of  a  permanent 
peace.  There  was  some  scouting  and  frequent  captures,  but  no 
general  action.  Jan.  10,  new  forces  were  sent  down  from  Boston, 
and  the  army  was  recruited  to  1600  men,  and  on  Jan.  27th  began 
to  move  in  pursuit  of  the  Indians,  who  had  now  renewed  their 
depredations.  At  last,  in  the  early  part  of  February,  having 
pursued  them  around  as  far  as  Marlborough  and  Brookfield,  they 
were  forced  to  leave  the  pursuit  for  want  of  provisions  and  rest, 
and  marched  into  Boston.  On  the  5th  of  February  the  Major 
was  ordered  to  dismiss  his  soldiers  to  their  several  homes  to  await 
further  summons.  On  February  15th,  Capt.  Mosely  was  ordered 
to  march  with  his  company  to  Sudbury,  and  there  to  abide  till 
further  orders. 

These  credits  cover  various  services  from  Dec.  10,  1675. 


July  24th  1676 

Samuel  Clark. 

03 

03 

04 

Henry  Swaine. 

02 

13 

00 

James  Couch. 

00 

19 

03 

Richard  Bennett. 

08 

08 

00 

John  Hands. 

00 

15 

00 

Gilbert  Endecott. 

05 

08 

09 

John  Dunbarr 

02 

12 

02 

John  Day. 

02 

14 

09 

Benjamin  Latbrop. 

02 

08 

00 

Sam1  Colborne. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Salter. 

01 

14 

02 

Samuel  Guild. 

04 

02 

00 

Ezekiel  Hamblin. 

00 

12 

10 

Gilbert  Forsith. 

04 

02 

00 

Roger  Prosser. 

00 

19 

03 

Perez  Savage,  Lieut. 

07 

16 

00 

Andrew  Johnson. 

02 

14 

10 

Samuel  Measie. 

02 

13 

00 

Jonathan  Sprague. 

00 

18 

10 

John  Oates. 

03 

12 

00 

John  Pitcher. 

00 

12 

10 

William  Wainright. 

02 

14 

10 

John  Harrison. 

00 

12 

10 

Jeffrey  Jeffers. 

02 

09 

06 

John  Auger. 

00 

12 

10 

Richard  Silvester. 

00 

18 

00 

David  Langdon. 

00 

12 

11 

Armstrong  Horner. 

02 

14 

00 

John  Sibly. 

00 

12 

00 

John  Mousall. 

02 

14 

00 

Francis  Earle. 

00 

10 

02 

August  24.  1676 

Nathaniel  Badcock. 

00 

10 

02 

Roger  Prosser. 

02 

02 

00 

John  Goff. 

00 

15 

00 

Peter  Mellardy. 

00 

10 

02 

Joseph  Wakefield. 

00 

12 

10 

John  Gilbert. 

00 

12 

10 

Perez  Savage. 

01 

12 

02 

Joseph  Saxton. 

00 

12 

10 

John  Minds. 

00 

18 

10 

Jacob  Allin. 

01 

05 

08 

Israel  Howen  (Howell) 

00 

10 

02 

76 


KING  PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Joseph  Butler.  00  10  02 

Mark  Round.  02  14  10 

September  23d,  1676. 

John  Prescott.  00  10  02 

John  Mudg.  02  14  10 

James  Marshall.  00  12  10 


Samuel  Davis. 
William  Bassly. 
Thomas  May. 
Archibell  Forrest. 
John  Gilbert,  Senior. 
James  Wamsly 


00  15  00 
01  16  10 
02  14  00 
02  14  10 
00  12  10 
02  14  00 


From  Sudbury  be  soon  after  marched  to  Marlboro’,  where  he 
seems  to  have  remained  several  weeks,  taking  a  large  part  in  the 
negotiations  concerning  the  redemption  of  captives,  regulating  (?) 
the  affairs  of  the  friendly  Indians,  etc.  It  is  evident  that  he 
was  always  impatient  of  commands  from  his  superior  officers. 
The  “  seniority  ”  rule  of  precedence  was  strictly  adhered  to  in 
the  colonial  army,  and  in  active  service  we  find  him  constantly 
either  disregarding  or  avoiding  it.  It  is  evident,  even  from 
Church’s  own  account,  that  at  the  Fort  fight,  Gen.  Winslow  was 
only  nominally  in  command ;  for  when  by  Church’s  advice  he 
had  resolved  to  hold  the  fort  and  remain,  “  a  certain  Captain  ” 
threatened  to  shoot  his  horse  under  him  if  he  attempted  to  enter 
with  his  troops,  and  “  in  a  great  heat  ”  declared  that  Church  had 
“  lied  ”  to  him  about  the  situation,  and  then  a  certain  Doctor 
“  brusled  up  ”  and  supported  the  said  captain.  There  is  little 
doubt  that  this  captain  was  Mosely.  The  exploits  of  Mr. 
Church  in  this  campaign  seem  not  to  have  been  known  to  any  of 
the  early  historians  except  himself.  It  is  plain  that  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  officers,  especially  Mosely,  at  the  head  of  his  veterans, 
popular,  and  flushed  with  the  fresh  victory  in  which  Church  had 
no  part,  would  regard  his  interference  as  that  of  an  insolent  up¬ 
start.  This  popularity  with  the  army,  and  the  violent  party  of 
Indian-haters,  together  with  his  eminent  success  in  the  field,  and 
probably  his  near  relationship  to  the  Governor’s  family,  supported 
him  in  many  notorious  acts  of  insubordination  and  insolence 
towards  his  superiors,  and  even  the  Council.  The  hanging  of 
Indians,  referred  to  in  his  letter,  was  probably  his  “  tying  up  ”  of 
the  two  Indian  captives  and  extorting  their  evidence  against  the 
eleven  seized  at  Marlboro’.  The  affair  of  Job  Kattenanit,  a  tried 
and  faithful  “  praying  ”  Indian,  whom,  for  his  faithful  service,  Gen. 
Denison,  by  the  advice  of  Major  Savage,  had  given  liberty  to  seek 
out  his  family  held  as  captives  by  Philip’s  allies,  shows  Mosely’s 
influence ;  for  he  came  to  the  General’s  head-quarters  and  de¬ 
nounced  both  officers,  and  raised  such  a  storm  of  indignation  that 
they  were  obliged  to  send  forthwith  to  bring  Job  back.  And 
although  members  of  the  Council  were  very  indignant  at  his  in¬ 
solent  conduct,  he  was  not  even  reprimanded,  either  for  this  act, 
or  his  high-handed  proceeding  at  Concord ;  where  he  entered  the 
congregation  on  the  Sabbath,  and  harangued  the  people  against 
the  peaceful  Nashobah  Indians,  whom  the  Council  had  placed  in 
the  charge  of  Mr.  Hoare;  and  then  seized  the  Indians,  allowing 


LAST  SERVICES  OF  CAPT.  MOSELY. 


77 


his  soldiers  to  plunder  all  their  possessions  in  spite  of  Mr.  Hoare’s 
remonstrances,  and  marched  them  down  to  Boston,  whence  the 
Court  was  constrained  to  send  them  to  Deer  Island,  where  with 
many  other  friendly  Indians  they  were  subjected  to  fearful  priva¬ 
tions.  A  full  account  of  all  these  transactions  may  be  found  in 
the  History  of  the  Praying  Indians  by  that  upright  and  noble 
man,  Gen.  Daniel  Gookin  ;  a  summary  of  which  will  be  given  in  a 
subsequent  chapter. 

Capt.  Mosely  marched  with  Major  Savage  from  Marlborough 
to  Quaboag,  March  1,  1676.  They  were  there  joined  by  the  Con¬ 
necticut  troops,  and  all  moved  on  towards  Northampton,  and  he 
was  engaged  in  the  succeeding  campaign  in  the  west.  On  May 
5th  he  received  an  independent  commission,  and  the  wages 
of  his  soldiers  were  to  be  raised  by  popular  subscription,  and 
besides  they  were  to  have  all  the  profits  accruing  from  the 
plunder  or  sale  of  captives,  and  if  these  resources  failed,  the  Court 
was  to  make  up  the  balance ;  and  this  irregular  way  of  settling 
may  be  the  reason  that  no  larger  credits  appear  in  the  later 
months.  In  June,  Mosely  and  his  men  were  sent  in  company 
with  Capt.  Brattle  and  his  troop  to  assist  the  people  of  Plymouth 
Colony,  and  were  still  there  after  July  22d ;  and  they  there  took 
part  in  the  capture  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  captives,  and  prob¬ 
ably  soon  after  returned  to  Boston.  The  faithful  services  of  the 
friendly  Indians  in  the  later  campaigns  had  caused  a  reaction  of 
popular  feeling  towards  them.  The  fame  of  Church,  who  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  destroying  Philip  at  Mount  Hope,  August  12th,  some¬ 
what  eclipsed  that  of  Capt.  Mosely,  and  we  hear  no  more  of  his 
military  service  thereafter,  if  he  performed  any.  On  August 
24th,  at  a  great  sale  of  Indian  captives,  he  is  charged  with  “  1  boy 
and  girle  6£ ;  &  13  squawes  &  papooses  20£  ” ;  and  this  is  the 
last  notice  I  find  of  him  throwing  light  upon  his  subsequent 
career. 

The  date  and  circumstances  of  Capt.  Mosely ’s  death  are  not,  as 
yet,  definitely  known.  Savage  says  he  died  January,  1680.  The 
“  Inventory  of  the  Estate  of  Captn  Sam1  Mosely  deceased,”  was 
taken  Jan.  26,  1679  (N.  S.  1680),  and  may  have  been  Mr. 
Savage’s  authority.  In  Judge  Se wall’s  Interleaved  Almanac 
Diary,  this  item  appears:  “1677,  Oct.  20,  7,  Capt.  S.  Mosely.” 
But  we  are  left  in  doubt  as  to  its  meaning.  His  final  account  is 
found  in  Hull’s  3d  Ledger,  under  date  of  July,  1678,  and 
credits  him  with  military  service,  £67  05  06,  which  I  presume 
was  in  full  for  his  whole  service.  Sometime  after,  September 
1678,  £1  credit  is  given  “per  Isaac  Addington,”  to  balance 
Mosely’s  account  with  the  government.  He  died  intestate.  The 
careful  inventory,  rendered  by  Sewall,  of  the  worldly  possessions 
as  produced  by  Ann  Mosely  the  widow,  who  was  admitted  ad¬ 
ministratrix  January  30,  1679-80,  makes  no  mention  of  any  arms 
or  clothing  except  an  old  musket  and  sword  in  the  “  Garret.” 


78 


king  philip’s  war. 


This  circumstance,  with  some  others,  and  a  lack  of  any  official 
reference  to  his  death,  would  seem  to  indicate  that  it  happened 
away  from  home. 

Ann  Mosely,  thrown  upon  her  own  resources  for  maintenance, 
was  granted  a  license  by  the  town  authorities,  in  1681  and  1682, 
“  To  sell  wine  and  stronge  liquors  out  of  dores.”  That  she 
prospered  is  proved  by  the  deed  of  trust  to  her  brothers,  Isaac 
Addington  and  Penn  Townsend,  1684,  in  favor  of  her  daughters, 
“her  only  living  children,”  just  before  she  married  Nehemiah 
Pierce,  “  set-work-cooper.”  He  died  in  1691,  leaving  her  again  a 
widow. 

The  son  Samuel  died  young,  doubtless.  The  daughter  Rebecca 
married  January  22,  1694,  James  Townsend;  and  Mary  mar¬ 
ried  William  Webster,  November  25,  1696.  Rebecca  married 
again  in  1708,  Jonathan  Williams,  who  in  1733  appears  as  the 
Narraganset  claimant  in  the  “right  of  his  wife’s  Father  Capt 
Maudesley.” 

Capt.  Mosely’s  descendants  were  quite  numerous  in  the 
second  and  third  generation,  through  Rebecca’s  children  by 
Townsend  and  Williams.  Her  daughter,  Rebecca  Williams, 
married  Thaddeus  Mason,  and  their  daughter,  Rebecca  Mason, 
married,  in  1767,  William  Harris,  and  their  oldest  son  was  Rev. 
Thaddeus  Mason  Harris,  D.D.,  b.  July  7,  1768;  grad.  H.  C., 
1787,  who  was  for  forty-three  years  the  Pastor  of  the  First 
Church  in  Dorchester,  and  died  April  3,  1842. 


m. 


CAPT.  THOMAS  PRENTICE  AND  HIS  TROOP,  WITH 
TROOPS  OF  LIEUT.  OAKES  AND  CAPT.  PAIGE. 


IT  may  be  in  order  here  to  recall  attention  to  the  very  efficient 
organization  of  the  colonial  militia,  noted  in  Chapter  I.  We 
have  seen  that  Capt.  Henchman’s  foot  company  was  made  np  of 
quotas  of  men  from  all  the  surrounding  towns;  Capt.  Mosely’s 
was  of  hastily  collected  volunteers,  and  we  now  come  to  the  third 
branch  of  the  service,  the  “  Troopers,”  in  some  respects  the  most 
important.  It  seems  to  have  been  a  matter  of  solicitude  in  the 
colony  for  many  years  to  increase  the  number  of  horses,  and  as 
early  as  1648  laws  were  passed  encouraging  the  formation  of 
cavalry  companies.  Those  who  would  enlist  as  troopers  in  local 
companies  and  keep  horses,  were  allowed  five  shillings  per  year, 
and  their  head  and  horse-tax  abated.  It  naturally  followed  that 
the  most  thrifty  and  well-to-do  in  the  colony  would  become 
troopers,  and  the  men  of  greatest  ability  and  influence  would  be 
made  their  officers.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  there  were 
five  regular  cavalry  companies  or  “  troops  ”  in  the  colony.  The 
Suffolk  County  Troop  was  commanded  by  Capt.  William  Davis, 
who  died  October,  1676,  and  was  succeeded  by  Lieut.  Thomas 
Brattle.  The  Middlesex  Troop  was  commanded  by  Capt.  Thomas 
Prentice.  Essex  County  had  two  troops,  one  raised  in  Salem 
and  Lynn,  of  which  George  Corwin  was  captain ;  and  another, 
raised  in  Ipswich,  Newbury  and  Rowley,  of  which  John  Appleton 
was  captain.  In  Hampshire  and  Norfolk  the  horsemen  were 
attached  to  the  various  companies  in  the  regiment,  eight  or  ten 
to  each  company  of  foot.  Besides  these  regulars,  there  was  an 
independent  company  raised  at  large  in  the  counties  of  Suffolk, 
Middlesex  and  Essex,  called  the  “  Three  County  Troop.”  Edward 
Hutchinson  had  command  of  this  up  to  October,  1674,  but  then 
resigned,  and  the  court  had  not  found  a  suitable  successor  who 
was  willing  to  accept  the  appointment,  and  Lieut.  William  Haisy 
was  in  command  in  June,  1675.  Out  of  these  “troops”  quotas 
were  drawn  to  make  up  the  company  required  for  special  service, 
and  officers  were  chosen  at  the  option  of  the  court.  In  this  first 
campaign  the  troopers  were  mostly  from  the  towns  immediately 
around  Boston;  and,  in  addition  to  these,  were  a  few  Indians 


80 


king  philip’s  war. 


from  Natick  and  Pnnckapoag.  The  Captain  and  Lieutenant 
were  from  Cambridge,  and  the  Comet  from  Woburn. 

The  commander,  Capt.  Thomas  Prentice,  was  born  in  England 
about  1620.  He  came  with  wife  Grace,  and  daughter  Grace  to 
Cambridge,  and  settled  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  ;  freeman 
1652.  He  was  a  very  active  and  influential  man,  and  a  trusted 
officer  both  in  civil  and  military  service.  He  died  July  7,  1709, 
aged  89  years. 

Capt.  Prentice  was  appointed  captain  of  the  special  Troop, 
June  24,  1675,  and  sent  out  with  Capt.  Henchman,  as  has  been 
related.  On  arriving  at  Swansey,  at  Miles’s  garrison,  the  Indians 
began  firing  from  the  bushes  across  the  river  at  our  guards,  and 
twelve  of  the  troopers  volunteered  to  go  over  the  bridge  and  drive 
them  off.  These  were  commanded  by  Quartermaster  Joseph 
Belcher  and  Corporal  John  Gill.  Mr.  Church  went  along  with 
them,  and  also  a  stranger,  and  William  Hammond  acted  as  pilot. 
As  they  advanced  across  the  bridge  the  Indians  fired  upon  them 
and  wounded  Mr.  Belcher  in  the  knee,  killed  his  horse,  and  shot 
Gill  in  the  breast,  but  his  buff  coat  and  several  thicknesses  of 
paper  saved  him  from  injury.  They  killed  the  pilot  outright, 
and  the  troopers  were  forced  to  retreat,  bringing  off  Hammond 
and  his  horse.  On  the  renewal  of  the  attack  by  the  Indians  next 
morning,  the  troop,  supported  by  Mosely’s  volunteers,  charged 
across  the  bridge  and  drove  the  Indians  from  the  “  Neck  ”  and 
across  to  Pocasset.  June  30th  was  spent  by  the  army  traversing 
Mount  Hope  neck,  and  at  evening  Capt.  Prentice  with  his  troop 
rode  to  Rehoboth  and  quartered  over  night.  On  the  morning  of 
July  1st  he  divided  the  troop,  sending  one  division  back  under 
command  of  Lieut.  Edward  Oakes.  It  is  not  certain  whether 
both  divisions  rode  back  by  the  same  route,  but  it  would  seem 
thus  from  the  result.  The  captain’s  division  came  upon  the 
Indians  burning  a  house,  but  could  not  get  at  them  on  account 
of  several  fences  which  had  to  be  torn  down,  giving  the  Indians 
time  to  retreat  to  a  swamp.  Lieut.  Oakes’s  force,  however,  dis¬ 
covered  them  from  a  more  advantageous  quarter,  and  chasing 
them  over  a  plain  killed  two  of  Philip’s  chief  men,  but  in  the 
fight  lost  one  of  their  own  men,  John  Druse  of  Roxbury,  mortally 
wounded.  The  next  few  days  Capt.  Prentice  and  his  troop  spent 
in  searching  the  swamps,  and  then  went  with  the  army  to  Narra- 
ganset,  as  has  been  related  heretofore.  Capt.  Prentice’s  name 
stands  second  of  the  signers  to  the  treaty  with  the  Indians,  July 
15, 1675. 

After  the  return  to  Swansey  and  the  news  that  Philip  was  shut 
up  in  Pocasset  Swamp,  when  the  main  body  of  Massachusetts 
troops  were  sent  away  to  Boston,  Capt.  Prentice  and  his  troop 
were  ordered  to  scout  towards  Mendon,  where  the  Indians  had 
lately  made  an  assault  upon  the  people,  killing  several.  The 
troopers  met  Capt.  Johnson’s  company  at  Mendon,  as  will  appear 
from  the  following  minutes  of  the  Council : 


CAPT.  PRENTICE  IN  THE  MT.  HOPE  CAMPAIGN.  81 

(Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  226.) 

July  26th  1675  Council  Mett. 

The  Council  on  perusing  of  ye  letter  of  Capt  Prentice  &  capt 
Johnson,  Dated  July  23d  1675,  judged  it  meet  to  order  that  Capt 
Prentice  &  his  Troopers  be  presently  called  home  &  y‘  Capt.  Johnson 
with  his  Souldiers  be  also  sent  to  Returne  leaving  ...  of  his 
foot  Souldiers  the  Scouts  (?)  to  remayne  as  a  Guard  to  Mendon  and 
.  .  .  of  his  foote  at  Wrentham  as  their  Guard  Referring  it  to 

the  sayd  Captaine  to  consult  with  the  Sarjant  or  other  chiefe  Officers 
of  each  Towne  how  many  to  leave  at  each  Towne  with  their  Armes 
.  .  .  ?  Remayne  till  further  order. 

The  letter  referred  to  is  now  lost  from  the  files. 

The  following  are  the  soldiers  who  served  in  the  first,  or  Mt. 
Hope  campaign,  under  Capt.  Prentice  : 


August  27th  1675 

Nehemiah  Hayden. 

01 

07 

00 

John  Needham. 

02 

00 

00 

James  Whitehead. 

02 

00 

00 

Jonathan  Fairbank. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Wayman,  Cornet 

04 

17 

00 

Samuel  Pollard. 

01 

18 

06 

September  3d  1675 

Fathergon  Dinely. 

02 

03 

00 

John  Bisco. 

02 

08 

06 

William  Brooks. 

02 

03 

00 

Oliver  Willington. 

02 

08 

06 

William  Agur. 

02 

08 

06 

John  Mason. 

02 

03 

00 

Jabes  Jackson. 

02 

08 

06 

William  Bond. 

02 

00 

00 

Francis  Wayman. 

02 

01 

06 

Thomas  Boylston. 

02 

17 

06 

Samuel  Culliver. 

02 

03 

00 

September  16th 

Thomas  Woolson. 

02 

08 

06 

James  Indian. 

02 

04 

08 

John  Livermore. 

02 

08 

06 

Thomas  Indian. 

02 

04 

08 

John  Gibson. 

01 

01 

06 

September  21 

St 

William  Read. 

02 

03 

00 

Matthew  Bridge,  Qt1  Mr  03 

13 

00 

Benjamin  Moore. 

02 

03 

00 

Anthony  Cooke. 

01 

00 

00 

William  Brown. 

02 

03 

00 

John  Druse. 

00 

11 

06 

Joseph  Parmiter. 

02 

04 

03 

Edward  Oakes,  Lieut. 

05 

00 

00 

Joseph  Curtice. 

02 

03 

00 

Thomas  Oliver. 

01 

01 

06 

Daniel  Dean. 

02 

08 

06 

John  Clark. 

02 

03 

00 

Thomas  Goble. 

02 

08 

06 

Thomas  Hunter. 

01 

11 

04 

Ebenezer  Prout. 

02 

08 

06 

Felix  Indian. 

01 

00 

06 

James  Miller. 

02 

08 

06 

Benjamin  Ahaton. 

00 

10 

00 

Robert  Evans.1 

02 

08 

06 

Harry  Indian. 

01 

00 

06 

John  Baxter. 

02 

08 

06 

John  Adams. 

01 

00 

00 

Solomon  Phips,  CorpT 

02 

18 

04 

Jeremie  Indian. 

01 

00 

06 

Benjamin  Scott. 

02 

02 

06 

Zachary  Phillips. 

02 

10 

00 

Christopher  Grant. 

01 

00 

00 

Joseph  Allin. 

04 

00 

00 

Nathaniel  Howard. 

01 

13 

00 

Jonathan  Orris. 

01 

18 

06 

Stephen  Pain. 

02 

08 

06 

David  Thomas. 

01 

10 

00 

Henry  Summers. 

02 

18 

04 

Caleb  Carter. 

01 

12 

00 

Jonathan  Bunker. 

02 

03 

00 

Abraham  Skinner. 

01 

08 

06 

James  Lowden. 

02 

08 

06 

November  30th 

1675 

John  Fowle. 

01 

13 

00 

Nathaniel  Richards. 

02 

03 

00 

John  Gill,  Corpr. 

02 

11 

00 

Samuel  Payson. 

02 

03 

00 

J oseph  Belcher,  Qar MT  02 

01 

00 

1  In  the  Cash  Account  the  name  is  Eames. 


82 


king  philip’s  war. 


Dec.  3d,  1675,  Capt.  Prentice  was  appointed  to  command  a  troop 
of  horse  in  the  Narraganset  campaign,  joined  the  army  at  Ded¬ 
ham  plain,  and  marched  with  it,  as  related  heretofore,  to  Wick- 
ford,  whence  on  the  16th  he  rode  with  his  troop  to  Petasquamscot, 
and  brought  back  the  news  of  the  destruction  of  Bull’s  garrison. 
On  the  19  th  took  part  in  the  battle  at  the  fort. 

In  the  Massachusetts  Archives,  vol.  68,  page  104,  I  find  that 
John  Wyman,  of  his  troop,  was  killed,  and  Nathan  Richardson 
and  Nathan  Belins  (Billings)  of  Woburn,  and  Samuel  Stone  of 
Cambridge,  were  wounded. 

After  this  battle  Capt.  Prentice  was  active  in  the  subsequent 
scouting  raids  into  the  adjoining  country.  On  December  27  he 
rode  into  Pomham’s  country  (now  Warwick,  R.I.)  and  destroyed 
many  wigwams  of  an  Indian  village,  but  found  no  Indians.  On 
January  21  he  was  again  scouting,  and  met  with  a  party  of 
Indians,  of  whom  two  were  captured  and  nine  killed.  On  the 
27th  the  army  started  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  and  after  several 
days  marching  returned  to  Boston,  and  the  Massachusetts  men 
were  dismissed,  for  the  time,  to  their  homes. 

The  following  is  the  list  of  credits  for  this  campaign.  Appended 
is  a  list  of  the  same,  as  returned  from  the  various  local  companies 
for  this  service,  copied  from  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  showing  the 
localities  from  which  they  came. 


February  29, 

1675-6 

William  Kent. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Peniman. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Windham. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Weeden. 

04 

10 

00 

Jacob  Nash. 

04 

10 

00 

Samuel  Weeden. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Eames. 

04 

10 

00 

Henry  Kenney. 

01 

10 

00 

James  Lowden. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Spaford. 

04 

10 

00 

Samuel  Payson. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Moore. 

04 

10 

00 

William  Shattock. 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Brown. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Bush. 

04 

10 

00 

James  Burnam. 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Goble. 

05 

08 

00 

Nathaniel  Ballard. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Pason. 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Putman. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Wright. 

04 

10 

00 

Edmond  Potter. 

04 

10 

00 

June  24th  1676. 

Daniel  Champnes. 

06 

12 

00 

John  Willington. 

02 

08 

06 

William  Delaway. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Guppy. 

01 

10 

00 

John  Adams. 

04 

10 

00 

Samuel  Chapman. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Plummer. 

04 

00 

00 

Joseph  Grout. 

04 

10 

00 

Charles  Blinko. 

04 

10 

00 

Daniel  Thurston. 

04 

10 

00 

William  Miriam. 

04 

10 

00 

William  Dodg. 

04 

16 

00 

John  Edmonds. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Acy. 

04 

02 

00 

Thomas  Johnson. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Parmiter. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Welcott. 

04 

10 

00 

Henry  Ellitt. 

04 

10 

00 

March  24th  1675-6 

John  Wyman,  Lieut. 

11 

05 

00 

Richard  Mather. 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Prentice,  Capt. 

18 

00 

00 

Nathaniel  Billinge. 

04 

10 

00 

William  Mingo. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Andrews. 

04 

10 

00 

John  Stern. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Marshall. 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Hutchinson. 

05  08  00 

CAPT.  PRENTICE  IN  THE  NARRAGANSET  CAMPAIGN.  83 


John  Richards. 

04 

10  00 

John  Acy. 

05 

08  00 

Thomas  Geery. 

04 

10  00 

Stephen  Cooke. 

02 

05  08 

Francis  Wayman. 

04 

10  00 

Isaac  Brookes. 

06 

15  00 

John  Barrett. 

04 

10  00 

Increas  Wing. 

04 

10  00 

Nath.  Richardson. 

04 

10  00 

Henry  Summers. 

02 

18  03 

Hugh  Taylor. 

04 

10  00 

John  Kendall. 

04 

10  00 

Caleb  Grant. 

04 

10  00 

Samuel  Stone. 

04 

10  00 

Thomas  Peirce. 

04 

10  00 

Samuel  Whiting. 

04 

10  00 

Thomas  Hodgman 

04 

10  00 

Nathaniel  Cann. 

04 

10  00 

Benjamin  Davis. 

04 

10  00 

John  Wyman. 

00 

15  08 

List  of  C apt.  Prentice’s  Troopers.  (Mass.  Arch.,  vol.  68,  p.  73.) 

On  the  back  of  this  list  is  written,  “  Capt.  Prentise’s  73  Troopers.” 

Troopers  belonging  to  Capt.  Appleton’s  Troope. 

James  Burnum,  John  Andrews,  Edmond  Potter,  Samuel  Chapman, 
John  As ee  (Acy),1John  Spaford,  Daniel  Thurston,  Joseph  Plumer, 
John  Woollcock,  Thomas  Johnson.  10. 

Troopers  belonging  to  Capt.  Curwin. 

Steeven  Hascull  (Hasket),  Charles  Blincko  (for  Jon*  Corwins), 
Thomas  Howard  (for  Benj.  Browne),  William  Dodge  (Jr,)  Thomas 
Putman  Juniour,  John  Richards,  Nathaniel  Ballard  junr,  John  Ed¬ 
monds,  William  Merriam,  Thomas  Flint  (Senr). 

Troopers  belonging  to  Capt.  Hutchinson. 

Mr.  Eliakim  Hutchason,  Benjamin  Muzzey,  Sam1  Weeden,  Joseph 
Weeden,  John  Guppie  (Goopy),  Daniel  Greenland,  John  Barret, 
Thomas  Hodgman,  Benj*  Daveis,  John  Gooll  (Gould),  Joseph  Mar¬ 
shall,  Thomas  Geery  (Grary),  Thomas  Hart,  Isack  Brooks,  Joseph 
Right  (Wright),  John  Kindall,  Nath1  Richardson,  Thomas  Pearce, 
Increas  Wing,  Nath1  Cann. 

Troopers  belonging  to  Captin  Davis. 

William  Kent,  John  Ruggles,  Sampson  Chester,  William  Towers, 
[John  Miner  erased],  Henry  Eliot,  John  Person  (Pason),  Richard 
Mather  Juniour,  Martin  Sanders,  Crosby  of  Braintree  (Joseph),  Joseph 
Penniman,  Samuel  Haidne  (Haiden),  Ebenezer  Haidne  (Haiden), 
John  Riplee,  Samuel  Whitney.  14. 

Troopers  belonging  to  Middlesex. 

Mr.  John  Long,  Mr.  Joseph  Line,  James  Lowdne  (Lowden), 
Thomas  Browne,  John  Adams,  Samuel  Stone  Juniour,  Daniel  Champ- 
ney,  John  Earns,  William  Shattock,  John  Stearns,  Caleb  Grant,  Joseph 
Groute,  Joseph  Moore,  Joseph  Parmiter,  David  Stone,  Nathaniel 
Billing,  Thomas  Goble  Juniour,  Ebenezer  Proute,  John  Wyman 
Juniour,  Francis  Wyman  Juniour.  19. 

“  73  besides  Peter  Woodward  &  Joseph  Proute.” 

1  The  names  in  brackets  are  added  from  another  list  on  page  100  of  the  same  volume. 


84 


king  philip’s  war. 


In  an  anonymous  contemporary  account  published  in  England 
July,  1676,  it  is  related  that  Capt.  Prentice  with  six  troopers 
went  to  the  rescue  of  a  portion  of  Capt.  Wadsworth’s  ill-fated 
company  at  Sudbury,  and  these  three  names  may  be  of  those 
troopers. 

Aug  24  1676  John  Cuttin.  00  18  06 

Samuel  Church.  00  11  05  Samuel -Goff.  01  00  00 

Capt.  Prentice  had  charge  of  the  impressment  and  equipment 
of  Middlesex  men  in  the  winter  and  spring  of  1675-6,  as  shown 
by  various  orders  of  the  court  to  furnish  troopers,  guards  and 
scouts.  He  had  much  to  do  later  in  settling  the  affairs  of  the 
friendly  Indians,  by  whom  he  was  greatly  respected.  After  the 
death  of  Philip,  the  Nipnet  sachem  John,  accepting  the  court’s 
amnesty,  came  in  with  some  of  his  men,  and  were  kept  in  Capt. 
Prentice’s  charge  at  his  house.  A  credit  of  £6  “  for  fetching  ye 
Natick  Indians”  refers  to  his  conducting  their  removal  in  1676, 
to  Deer  Island.  July,  1689,  Capt.  Prentice,  with  Mr.  Noah 
Wiswall,  was  sent  to  arrange  matters  with  the  uneasy  Puncka- 
poags  and  Naticks.  When  Sir  Edmund  Andros,  on  July  2, 
escaped  from  prison  in  Boston  and  fled  to  Rhode  Island,  Capt. 
Prentice  was  ordered  to  ride  down  with  his  troop  and  receive 
him  after  he  was  arrested  by  the  people  at  Rhode  Island.  This 
order  he  obeys,  and  writes  the  Court  from  Bristol,  July  8th,  an 
account  of  his  reception  of  the  prisoner,  and  his  purpose  to  return 
by  way  of  Dorchester  to  the  Castle,  to  avoid  disturbance.  (Mass. 
Archives,  vol.  107,  page  256.)  In  the  Archives,  vol.  106,  page 
436,  is  a  certificate  from  Capt.  Prentice  that  he  was  billeted  with 
his  troop  on  the  journey  to  and  return  from  Rhode  Island,  two 
nights  at  Woodcock’s  tavern.  On  the  death  of  Major  Gookm, 
the  various  tribes  of  “  Praying  ”  Indians  petitioned  the  court  in 
1691  to  appoint  Capt.  Prentice  superintendent  of  their  affairs  in 
the  beloved  Gookin’s  place. 

LIEUT.  EDWARD  OAKES  AND  HIS  TROOPERS. 

Edward  Oakes  came  from  England  before  1640 ;  freeman  at 
Cambridge,  May  18,  1642 ;  brought  from  England  wife  Jane  and 
sons  Urian  and  Edward ;  had  baptized  at  Cambridge  Mary  and 
Thomas;  was  selectman  twenty-six  years,  from  1643  to  1678; 
deputy  to  General  Court  from  Cambridge  fifteen  years,  between 
1659  and  1681,  and  from  Concord  1683,  ’4  and  ’6  ;  Lieutenant  of 
Capt.  Prentice’s  troop,  June,  1675,  and  served  in  the  summer 
campaign  at  Mount  Hope,  of  which  account  is  given  above.  The 
service  for  which  the  following  credits  are  given  was  probably 
rendered  in  the  winter  of  1675-6.  From  the  letter  of  Rev.  John 
Wilson,  of  Medfield,  February  14,  1675-6  (Archives,  vol.  68, 
page  134),  it  appears  that  Lieut.  Oakes  was  at  Lancaster  after  its 


CAPT.  PAIGE  AT  MT.  HOPE. 


85 


destruction  February  10th,  and  was  afterwards  scouting  between 
Marlborough  and  Medfield,  and  at  the  attack  on  February  21, 
was  quartered  there  with  his  troopers.  Simon  Crosby  puts  in  a 
small  bill  for  billeting  his  troop  at  Billerica,  but  date  of  service 
does  not  appear.  He  died  at  Concord,  October  13,  1689,  aged, 
probably,  85  years. 


Credits  under  Lieut.  Edward  Oakes. 


March  24th  1675 

-6 

John  Seers. 

01 

00 

00 

James  Miller. 

01 

12 

10 

Timothy  Simmes. 

01 

09 

06 

John  Gibson. 

01 

12 

10 

Matthew  Griffin. 

00 

19 

08 

Solomon  Phips,  QatrMr.  02 

09 

04 

John  Teed. 

02 

16 

06 

Thomas  Creswell  (Croswell) 

Wm  Auger  (Agur, Alger)  01 

12 

10 

01 

12 

10 

Timothy  Hawkins. 

01 

12 

10 

April  24%  1676 

John  Mousall. 

01 

12 

10 

John  Hastings. 

00 

19 

08 

Capt  Oakes.  July  24th  1676 

Lake  Perkins. 

00 

19 

08 

Jacob  Hill. 

00 

19 

08 

Stephen  Cooledg. 

00 

19 

08 

Samuel  Hayward. 

01 

10 

00 

Samuel  Whiting. 

00 

19 

08 

Henry  Spring. 

01 

12 

10 

June  24th,  1676 

Thomas  Mitchenson. 

00 

19 

08 

Thomas  Peirce. 

00 

19 

08 

Joseph  Cooke. 

04 

02 

00 

Thomas  Edmons. 

00 

19 

08 

Thomas  Frost. 

01 

00 

06 

William  Reade. 

00 

19 

08 

Edward  Oakes. 

06 

11 

00 

Jonathan  Bunker. 

01 

12 

10 

August  24th  1676. 

Stephen  Paine. 

01 

12 

10 

John  Streeter. 

00 

19 

08 

Thomas  Henshaw. 

01 

11 

04 

James  Prentice. 

00 

18 

00 

Stephen  Richardson. 

01 

12 

10 

Sept  23d,  1676 

Christopher  Grant. 

01 

12 

10 

John  Green. 

01 

12 

10 

Thomas  Strait. 

01 

03 

00 

John  Fowle. 

01 

19 

04 

CAPT.  NICHOLAS  PAIGE  AND  HIS  TROOP. 

Capt.  Nicholas  Paige  came  from  Plymouth,  England.  He  was 
in  Boston  as  early  as  1665.  In  1675,  June  27th,  was  appointed 
captain  of  a  troop  to  accompany  Maj.  Thomas  Savage  in  the  ex¬ 
pedition  to  Mt.  Hope  ;  took  part  in  the  movements  there ;  accom¬ 
panied  the  army  to  Narraganset  and  back,  and  then  returned  to 
Boston  with  Major  Savage  and  disbanded  his  men,  and  there  is 
no  farther  account  of  any  service  in  this  war. 

Capt.  Paige  was  active  in  business,  and  in  civil  affairs  later  on  ; 
was  of  the  Artillery  Company,  1693  ;  later  its  commander  and  a 
colonel.  He  died  in  1717.  He  left  no  children,1  and  in  the  joint 
will  of  Nicholas  and  wife  Anna,  made  in  1703,  after  many  small 
legacies,  gave  the  bulk  of  property,  including  the  farm  at  Rum- 
ney-Marsh,  where  they  lived,  to  their  kinswoman  Martha  Hobbs, 
also  made  her  executrix  and  gave  her  some  good  advice  about 
marrying  into  a  godly  family.  (She  married  Capt.  Nathaniel 
Oliver,  1709,  and  had  children,  Paige  and  Martha.)  Should  she 

1  See  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Gen.  Register,  Vol.  23,  p.  267. 


86 


king  philip’s  war. 


fail  of  issue,  the  property  goes  to  his  cousin  William  Paige,  of 
London,  England.  His  wife  Anna  was  a  granddaughter  of  Capt. 
Robert  Keayne  and  a  niece  of  Gov.  Joseph  Dudley.  Her  first 
husband  was  Edward  Lane. 

The  following  are  the  credits  for  his  men  in  this  campaign : 


August  23d  1675 


John  Ballard. 

02 

00 

00 

John  Breid. 

02 

00 

00 

Samuel  Moore. 

02 

02 

00 

Sept.  3d 

Samuel  Giddings. 

02 

00 

00 

Joseph  Proctor. 

02 

00 

00 

Nathaniel  Engersell. 

02 

00 

00 

William  Osborn. 

02 

00 

00 

Lawrence  Hart. 

02 

00 

00 

Joseph  Needham. 

02 

00 

00 

Nicholas  Paige,  Capt. 

08 

00 

00 

Francis  Coard. 

02 

00 

00 

Enoch  Lawrence. 

02 

00 

00 

Benjamin  Wilkins. 

02 

00 

00 

Thomas  Noyce,  Cornet. 

04 

00 

00 

James  Ford. 

02 

00 

00 

Ezekiel  Mighill. 

02 

00 

00 

Thomas  Tharly. 

02 

00 

00 

John  Picard. 

02 

00 

00 

Daniel  Wycom. 

02 

00 

00 

William  Reeves. 

02 

00 

00 

Nicholas  Manning. 

02 

08 

00 

John  Whipple,  Lieut. 

05 

00 

00 

Francis  Young. 

02 

00 

00 

Ephraim  Fellows. 

02 

00 

00 

James  Hoult. 

02 

00 

00 

Joseph  Saflord. 

02 

00 

00 

Thomas  Newman. 

02 

00 

00 

Uzall  Wardall. 

02 

00 

00 

Daniel  Wilkins. 

02 

00 

00 

Samuel  Sillesbie. 

02 

00 

00 

William  Due. 

02 

00 

00 

William  Curtis. 

02 

00 

00 

Daniel  Welcom. 

02 

00 

00 

Thomas  Albey. 

02 

00 

00 

Mark  Hescall. 

02 

00 

00 

Thomas  Noyce,  of  Newbury,  was  chosen,  1683,  Capt.  of  the 
second  Newbury  company. 

John  Whipple,  appointed  Cornet  of  Ipswich  Troop  in  1663, 
and  then  said  to  be  “son  of  Elder  Whiple.”  He  was  captain 
of  a  special  Troop,  Feb.  1675-6. 


MAJOR  THOMAS  SAVAGE  AND  THE  FORCES 

UNDER  HIM. 


MAJOR  THOMAS  SAVAGE  was  born  in  Taunton,  Somer¬ 
set  Co.,  England,  son  of  William  Savage.  Came  in  the 
“  Planter  ”  to  Boston,  April,  1635,  aged  27.  Admitted  freeman 
in  May  following ;  was  an  original  member  of  the  Artillery  Com¬ 
pany,  and  was  chosen  its  captain  in  1651,  and  several  times 
afterwards.  He  married  Faith,  daughter  of  William  and  Ann 
Hutchinson,  in  1637,  and  for  sharing  the  views  of  Ann  and  her 
brother-in-law,  Rev.  John  Wheelwright,  he  was  disarmed  by  the 
Court,  and  joined  with  Coddington  and  others  in  the  purchase  of 
Rhode  Island,  whither  he  removed  in  1633,  but  returned  the 
same  year.  By  his  wife  Faith  he  had  seven  children  between 
1638  and  1652.  Faith  died  February  20,  1652,  and  the  following 
September  he  married  Mary  Symmes,  daughter  of  Rev.  Zechariah, 
of  Charlestown,  by  whom  he  had  eleven  more  children.  He  was 
almost  constantly  in  public  office,  and  was  especially  prominent 
in  all  the  military  affairs  of  the  town  from  1651  onward.  He 
was  captain  of  2d  Boston  militia  company  from  1652  to  his  death 
in  1682. 

It  is  the  purpose,  in  this  chapter,  to  give  as  fully  as  possible 
the  operations  under  Major  Savage,  and  facts  connected  with  this 
Mt.  Hope  campaign,  and  the  names  of  men  serving  with  him  not 
previously  mentioned,  so  that  our  account  of  the  campaign  may 
be  considered  complete.  Some  details  of  the  opening  prepara¬ 
tions  are  here  given,  as  being  rather  connected  with  the  move¬ 
ments  of  the  general  force  than  separate  companies. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  first  actual  attack  of  Philip  was 
upon  those  people  of  Swansey  who  lived  nearest  to  him.  An 
account  of  this  attack  was  sent  to  the  Massachusetts  Council 
by  Gov.  Josiah  Winslow  of  Marshfield.  His  letter  is  in  Mass. 
Archives,  vol.  67,  page  202,  dated  June  21st,  and  says  the  attack 
was  made  on  the  day  before,  and  asks  the  Massachusetts  Colony 
for  aid  only  in  protecting  them  from  the  alliance  of  Philip  with 
the  Narraganset  and  Nipmuck 1  Indians,  which  tribes  are  within 

1  The  term  Nipmuck  or  Nipnet,  is  used  here  and  elsewhere  often,  as  if  including  the  Quabaugs, 
Nashaways,  Wabbaquassets,  Pocomptucks,  and  others. 


88 


king  Philip’s  war. 


the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts  ;  saj^s  that  if  Plymouth  can  have 
“  fair  play  ”  with  their  own  Indians  he  trusts  they  can  take  care 
of  themselves.  On  the  same  paper  is  a  copy  of  the  answer  of  the 
Council,  assuring  him  of  immediate  assistance,  and  that  they  will 
send  messengers  with  all  speed  to  both  Narragansets  and  Nip- 
mucks.  This  answer  is  dated  June  21,  “  at  5  o’clock.” 

On  the  same  day  an  order  was  passed  in  the  Council  to  Capt. 
Edward  Hutchinson,  Seth  Perry  and  William  Towers,  giving 
commission  and  instruction  for  taking  a  warning  message  to  the 
Narragansets,  and  to  leave  a  letter  for  Roger  Williams  at  Provi¬ 
dence.  This  message  is  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  page  201, 
in  a  paper  directed  to  “  Moosucke  [Mootucke],  Ninigret  &  Squa 
Sachem,  of  the  Narraganset  &  Nyantic  Indians.”  A  paper  con¬ 
taining  the  agreements  of  the  Nipmuck  chiefs  is  in  vol.  30,  page 
169,  of  the  Mass.  Archives.  Upon  June  24th  came  news  of  the 
general  outbreak,  and  further  appeal  from  Plymouth.  The 
Council  hastily  despatched  two  messengers  to  Philip,  who,  arriv¬ 
ing  at  Swansey,  discovered  the  two  men  who  were  slain  that  day 
lying  in  the  road,  and  thus  warned  of  the  futility  of  their  peace¬ 
ful  mission,  they  returned  to  Boston  without  speaking  with 
Philip.  I  find  by  a  letter  from  the  Council  to  Gov.  Winthrop  of 
Connecticut,  that  these  two  messengers  were  Capt.  Savage  and 
Mr.  Brattle. 

This  letter  is  of  great  importance  in  several  respects  in  the 
light  it  throws  upon  those  few  busy  days.  It  is  in  the  Mass. 
Archives,  vol.  67,  page  209,  and  is  the  original  draft,  containing 
many  erasures  and  corrections.  It  is  judged  to  be  in  the  hand¬ 
writing  of  Thomas  Danforth,  who  was  then  First  Commissioner 
of  the  United  Colonies.  It  is  endorsed  by  Edw.  Rawson,  as 
follows :  “  Rough  draft  of  Council’s  letter  to  Connecticot  Govr. 
Ent.  June  28,  1675.”  The  figure  8  in  the  date  is  somewhat 
obscure,  but  the  reference  in  the  letter  to  the  Fast  appointed  for 
“  to-morrow  ”  (which  fast  we  know  to  have  been  on  the  29th) 
proves  the  date  of  writing  to  have  been  on  the  28th. 

Extract  of  the  Massachusetts  Council’s  letter  of  June  28, 1675, 
to  the  governor  of  Connecticut : 

.  and  dayly  wee  heare  of  the  Increase  of  trouble  the  Govr 
of  yl  Colony  [Plymouth]  hath  frequently  solicited  us  for  Ayde  wcl1  as 
soone  as  wee  could  possibly  Raise  wee  have  sent  to  yem.  It’s  certified 
from  Plymouth  and  Swansey  that  both  the  Narragansets  and  Monhe- 
gins  have  sent  ayd  to  Phillip.  We  sent  messengers  to  the  Narragan¬ 
sets  &  Nipmucks  to  warn  &  caution  them  not  to  Assist  Phillip  or  if 
any  were  Gon  to  command  their  returne,  our  messengers  are  returned 
from  both  those  places,  the  Nipmucks  speake  faire  and  say  that  they 
are  faithful  to  the  English  and  will  not  Assist  Phillip,  the  Narragansets 
say  they  will  not  medle  but  there  is  more  reason  to  suspect  the  latter 
and  wee  believe  Uncas  is  not  unconcerned  in  this  matter,  all  our  intelli- 


council’s  LETTERS  TO  CONNECTICUT. 


89 


gence  gives  us  ground  to  believe  that  the  poore  people  in  those  parts 
are  in  a  very  distressed  condition  in  many  respects,  their  houses 
burned,  their  people  kild  &  wounded  they  not  able  to  make  any 
Attempt  upon  the  Indians  wanting  both  victuall  ammunition  and  arms 
wch  hath  occasioned  us  to  send  greatt  forces  for  their  reliefe,  we  have 
sent  above  three  hundred  foot  and  about  eighty  horse  besides  several 
carts  laden  with  munition  and  with  goods  and  provisions  and  armes, 
moreover  we  are  sending  two  vessels  with  provision  and  munition  to 
supply  ye  forces,  ye  vessells  to  serve  as  there  shall  be  cause,  We  sent 
Capt.  Savage  and  Mr.  Brattle  4  days  since  to  speake  with  Philip  who 
are  returned  but  could  not  obtaine  speech  with  him,  The  Council  have 
appointed  a  fast  to-morrow  to  seek  God  in  this  matter  and  a  blessing 
upon  our  forces,  How  far  his  tribes  may  spread  is  with  the  Lord  our 
God  to  order,  There  is  reason  to  concieve  y‘  if  Phillip  be  not  soone 
[suppressed?]  he  and  his  confederates  may  skulke  into  the  woods  and 
greatly  anoy  the  English  &  y‘  the  confederacy  of  the  Indians  is  larger 
than  yet  we  see.  Maj.  Gen11  Denison  was  chosen  for  to  goe  General 
of  these  forces,  but  he  being  taken  ill  Capt.  Savage  is  sent  Commander- 
in-chief,  Capt  Prentis  commanding  ye  horse,  Capt.  Henchman  and 
Capt  Mosley,  Capts  of  ye  foot,  Our  eyes  are  unto  ye  Lord  for  his 
presence  wth  yem,  &  hope  you  will  not  be  wanting  in  yr  prares  and 
watchfulness  over  the  Indians,  and  particularly  we  request  you  to  use 
yr  utmost  authority  to  restrain  the  Monhegins  &  Pequods. 

E.  R.  Sec’y. 

By  inquiry  I  found  that  this  letter,  dated  June  28th,  is  pre¬ 
served  in  the  Connecticut  Archives,  and  also  two  others  which 
are  not  in  our  own.  By  the  kind  offices  of  Mr.  Charles  J.  Hoadly, 
State  Librarian  of  Connecticut,  I  have  been  furnished  complete 
copies  of  both.  One  is  of  July  5th  and  the  other  July  10th. 
Extracts  of  these  letters  are  given  below,  from  Conn.  Arch.,  War 
Docs.,  Yol.  I.  Doc.  5: 

Boston  July  5th  1675 

Hond  Gentn  By  our  former  dat.  the  3d  of  this  instant  wee  gave  you 
a  briefe  account  of  the  late  outbreaking  of  the  Indians  in  the  Plimouth 
Colony  at  Swanzie  and  pte  adjac*  and  since  y*  wee  received  the  enclosed 
declaring  the  deplorable  condition  of  those  at  Taunton  in  the  same 
Colony  wee  have  at  their  request  accomodated  them  with  ammunition 
and  men,  ie.  ab‘  80  troopers  furnished  with  carbines  &  small  musketts 
abl  100  dragoones  &  abl  100  foote  soldjers  so  that  with  then*  attendance 
for  waggons  &c.  ye  whole  may  be  neere  400  men  also  two  vessells  well 
fitted  with  men  provisions  &  ammunition  we  have  sent  ab‘  the  Cape  to 
accomodate  all  their  necessityes  so  far  as  wee  could  judge  necessary, 
&c. 

The  remainder  of  the  letter  discusses  the  affairs  of  the  United 
Colonies  relating  to  the  arming  and  management  of  the  Indians 
not  yet  engaged  with  Philip,  and  is  signed  by  Edward  Rawson, 
Sec’y,  on  behalf  of  the  Court,  and  is  superscribed, 

These  to  the  Right  Worshipf11  John  Winthrop  Esqr  Govenr  of  his 


90 


king  philip’s  war. 


Majty8  Colony  at  Connecticot  prsent,  To  be  communicated  to  the  Coun¬ 
cil  there. 

Extract  of  the  letter  of  July  10th  1675.  Conn.  Arch.,  War 
Docs.,  Vol.  1.  Doc.  7 : 

.  .  .  Capt  Hutchinson  wa  ab*  100.  of  our  forces  went  from 

or  headquarters  upon  Tuesday  last  to  ye  Narrogansets  to  demand  an 
acc‘  of  their  actings  wee  expect  hourely  intelligence  wl  they  have  done 
there  which  will  be  a  great  guide  to  us  in  our  further  motions.  .  .  . 

Yesterday  came  six  men  sent  from  Uncas  to  assure  his  friendship  & 
offer  his  service  agl  Phillip  or  other  enemyes  of  ye  English  with  a  l’re 
from  Mr.  Fitch  to  whome  wee  have  returned  or  answer  declaring  to 
Uncas  yl  if  he  will  send  hostages  to  ye  English  for  the  assurance  of  his 
faithfulness  wee  shall  accept  his  offer  &c.  &c. 

Signed  Edward  Rawson,  Sec’y 
By  order  of  the  Council. 

In  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  page  207,  is  the  Court’s  instruction 
to  Thomas  Savage  as  major  of  the  Massachusetts  forces  in  this 
expedition  under  Major  Gen.  Denison  as  commander-in-chief  of 
the  colony,  closing  thus  :  “  And  in  case  the  Lord  should  disenable 
yr  General  so  as  to  take  him  of  the  service  you  shall  take  charge 
and  command  of  all  according  to  the  commission  given  unto  him,” 
etc. 

Major  Savage  had  been  commissioned  for  this  expedition  on  or 
before  June  24th,  and  the  Court  had  then  voted  to  raise  one  hun¬ 
dred  horse  and  fifty  foot.  These  constituted  the  companies  of 
Henchman  and  Prentice,  and  together  with  Capt.  Mosely’s  men, 
made  up  the  number  to  two  hundred  and  sixty  men,  besides 
officers  and  teamsters,  etc.,  which  force,  estimated  in  round  num¬ 
bers  at  three  hundred,  marched  out  of  Boston  on  June  26th.  As 
to  the  exact  time  of  Major  Savage’s  marching,  or  the  force  with 
him,  the  accounts  are  somewhat  vague  and  conflicting.  I  give 
briefly  the  various  references  bearing  upon  this  point ;  and  first, 
it  is  certain  that  Capt.  Paige’s  troop  numbered,  according  to  the 
treasurer’s  credits,  thirty-six  men  including  officers.  The  state¬ 
ment  in  the  above  letter  claims  over  three  hundred  and  eighty 
men  to  have  been  sent,  up  to  June  28th. 

In  Mather’s  “  Indian  War,”  strangely  enough,  no  mention  is 
made  of  Major  Savage  in  relation  to  this  first  campaign.  And 
Mr.  Hubbard,  the  most  reliable  of  all,  relates  in  reference  to  this 
particular,  that  Major  Savage  came  up  “  with  other  supplies  ”  on 
the  evening  of  June  29th.  On  the  next  day  they  moved  forward 
into  Mount  Hope  neck,  “  with  a  troop  of  horse  in  each  wing;  ” 
encamping  that  night  (June  30th)  “  in  the  open  field  ”  in  a  heavy 
rain.  Next  day  (July  1st)  they  marched  back  to  Swansey. 
That  night  Capt.  Prentice’s  troop  rode  to  Seekonk,  and  Major 
Savage  appears  to  have  remained  at  Swansey,  July  2d,  awaiting 


MAJOR  SAVAGE’S  STAFF,  SUPPLIES,  ETC. 


91 


their  return.  On  July  3d  Henchman  and  Prentice  searched  the 
swamps  between  Swansey  and  Rehoboth,  and  Capt.  Mosely  “  and 
Capt.  Paige  with  his  dragoons  attending  on  Major  Savage,” 
marched  back  into  Mount  Hope.  Mr.  Church’s  account  is  ex¬ 
tremely  vague  in  reference  to  this  campaign,  especially  in  regard 
to  the  Massachusetts  forces,  making  no  mention  of  Maj.  Savage 
by  name.  After  a  diligent  search  among  published  accounts  and 
unpublished  sources  of  information,  I  am  unable  to  find  any  fur¬ 
ther  reference  giving  light  upon  this  point,  except  that  the 
Journal  has  no  credits  under  Major  Savage  for  this  campaign, 
save  the  following,  viz. : 

Sept  3d  1675 

Thomas  Savage  for  service  as  Major  and  other  charges,  22  00  00 

Sept.  28th. 


John  Paine. 

02 

00 

00 

John  Williams. 

01 

04 

00 

Theophilus  Frary,  Commissary. 

03 

04 

00 

. .  . .  Toten,  Chirurgeon. 

16 

00 

00 

Jacob  Eliott,  Commissary. 

00 

15 

00 

Feby  29th  1675-6 

Peter  Gennings. 

01 

10 

00 

v 


William  Locke  was  the  regular  surgeon  who  went  out  with  the 
army  on  June  26th  (Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  pages  58  and  60). 
This  “Toten”  was  Dr.  John  Touton,  a  Huguenot,  who  at  this 
time  lived  at  Rehoboth,  and  his  service  may  be  inferred  in  part 
by  the  following  order  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  page  221 : 

Order  to  Mr.  John  Toton  to  take  “  Peter  Sympkins,  Robert 
Smith  and  Isaac  Ratt,  to  attend  ”  him  and  “  go  for  the  reliefe  of 
the  wounded  ”  .  .  .  “  and  in  case  of  their  refusal  you  are 

reqired  by  the  Constables  to  send  them  forthwith  to  Capt.  Hud¬ 
son  who  is  required  to  send  them  to  Boston.”  Dated  July  22, 
1675. 

Mr.  Joseph  Dudley  also  went  out  with  Major  Savage,  and 
received  on  Sept.  14th  credit  of  08  11  04,  for  salary  as  chaplain. 

In  regard  to  the  two  vessels,  I  find  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67, 
page  211,  the  following  papers : 

Committee  imployed  for  this  present  Expedition  against  the 
Indians,  ordered  to  send  the  following  provisions  aboard  the  Sloope 
Swanne,  whereof  Samuel  Woodbery  is  master  to  be  sent  for  the 
supply  of  our  forces,  Viz4  2000  weight  of  Bisket,  40  barrells  of  pease 
in  casks,  10  Barrells  of  Pork,  10  Kintalls  of  drye  fish,  1  hogshead  of 
Rumme,  six  jarrs  of  oyle,  4  barrells  Raisins,  1  Barrell  of  sugar,  1 
hogshead  of  salt,  J  cask  of  wine.  Moreover  you  are  to  load  aboard 

the  Brigandine  called  the -  [Joseph]  whereof  Edward  Winslow  is 

Master  the  like  quantity  of  provisions  as  above  expressed  abating  two 
barrells  of  Raisings  &  with  two  barrels  of  powder  one  in  each  vessell. 

.  .  You  are  also  to  take  bills  of  lading  of  these  goods  and  to  bee 


92 


king  philip’s  war. 

delivered  to  the  Commissaries  of  the  Army  Theopholus  Frary  and  John 
Moss  or  either  of  them. 

Dated  in  Boston  28  June  1675 

By  the  Council  E.  R.  Sec’y. 

And  on  page  211,  same  date  : 

Instructions  to  Edward  Winslow,  Master  of  the  Joseph. 

You  are  hereby  ordered  forthwith  as  wind  and  weather  will  permit 
with  your  vessell  to  sail  to  Swansey  or  as  near  thereunto  as  you  may 
and  there  deliver  to  Left  Theophilus  Frary  and  John  Morse,  Commis¬ 
saries  for  this  Colony  and  the  forces  (now)  under  the  conduct  of  Major 
Thomas  Savage  all  such  provisions  Armes  &c  now  on  board  you  for 
the  use  of  the  army. 

Signed  John  Leveret,  Govr. 

It  will  be  seen  by  this  supply,  that  Massachuseetts  then,  as 
always  since,  showed  a  generous  appreciation  of  the  appetites  of 
her  soldiers.  To  the  uninitiated  the  above  bill  of  fare  may  not 
seem  particularly  inviting ;  but  to  anyone  who  has  been  a  soldier 
and  knows  the  meaning  of  “  pea-porridge-hot,”  the  item  “  40  bar¬ 
rels  of  pease”  will  carry  its  own  convictions.  “Bisket,  stripped 
fish  and  raisins,”  as  marching  rations,  compare  favorably,  accord¬ 
ing  to  my  experience,  with  the  “  hard-tack  ”  and  “  salt-horse  ” 
furnished  us  by  the  U.S.  Commissaries  in  1861-5.  I  cannot 
testify  to  the  “  Rumme,”  as  I  belonged  to  a  Maine  regiment ;  but 
many  times  I  have  sat  down  by  the  camp-fire  to  a  dipper  of  “  pea- 
porridge-hot  ”  and  a  sop  of  bread,  as  to  a  royal  feast. 

In  the  line  of  the  above  information  is  this  curious  old  paper 
in  vol.  68,  page  135.  A  “  Committee’s  estimate  of  what  Provi¬ 
sions  &c  will  serve  500  souldiers  one  month.”  “  Biskett  15m,  Porke 
20  barrills,  Beefe  30  barrills  (or  some  think  only  Pork  and  send 
salt),  Bacon  10cwt.  Cheese  10c :  Stockins  &  Shooes  200  pr  each, 
Shirts  &  Draws  100  of  each,  Wastcoats  50,  Walletts  100,  300 
small  baggs  for  each  man  to  carry  nokake,  300  bush  oates,  100 
bush  barley,  50  bush  Indian  corne  parched  and  beaten  to  nokake, 
6  bar.  powder,  12cwt  shott,  Flints  20ct.” 


It  appears  from  the  letter  above  of  J uly  5th,  that  these  two 
vessels  had  sailed  before  that  date.  From  Hull’s  Journal,  pages 
10  and  11,  which  I  have  restored  from  the  Ledger,  the  following 
credits  are  obtained : 

August  20,  1675 

Maritime  Disbursements  Dr  to  Viz. 


Samuel  Woodbury.1  03  00  01 

Robert  Breck.  01  05  00 

Joshua  Matson.  01  10  00 


Nath1  Phillips.  01  10  00 

Henry  Rock  als.  Cock  01  10  00 
William  Cantrell.  01  10  00 


1  In  Vol.  II.  Colonial  History  of  New  York,  Holland  Documents,  I  find  by  report  of  a  council 
held  at  Fort  William  Hendrick,  May  26,  1674,  that  “  Capt.  Cornelis  Ewoutse  arrived  here  this  day 
with  his  Snow  the  Zehont,  reports  having  captured  three  small  New  England  prizes.”  One  of 
these  was  the  Sloop  Swan,  of  which  Samuel  Woodbury  was  master,  who  appeared  and  declared 
that  he  lived  at  Swansey  and  was  part  owner  of  the  Sloop,  and  that  John  Dixy’s  widow  of  Swan¬ 
sey  owned  the  other  part,  and  that  he  was  captured  “  near  Prudence  Island.”  The  vessel  and 
cargo  were  confiscated  by  the  New  York  Colony,  but  on  June  29  following  were  released. 


NAVAL  CONTINGENT. 

93 

Nathaniel  Gallop. 

02 

00 

00 

William  Christian. 

02 

09 

00 

Thomas  Alson. 

01 

10 

00 

Nathaniel.  Huett. 

02 

09 

00 

William  Hascall. 

01 

10 

00 

Redeemed.  Scott. 

02 

09 

00 

Samuel  Cross. 

02 

16 

00 

Simon  Daniel. 

02 

09 

00 

John  Kennedye  Als. 

Thomas  Norton. 

02 

09 

00 

Cannede. 

02 

09 

00 

John  Mane. 

02 

02 

00 

John  Ball. 

02 

09 

00 

Edward  Perkins. 

03 

19 

00 

William  Aldridg.  03  10  00 


The  first  nine  in  the  above  list  I  presume  to  have  been  the 
master  and  crew  of  the  “  Sloope  Swanne  ;  ”  the  rest  were  probably 
on  the  “  Brigandine  ”  Joseph.  Edward  Winslow  was  master  we 
know,  and  Samuel  Winslow  was  of  the  crew  of  this  vessel,  as  I 
find  by  this  order  of  the  Council,  July  24th  (Archives,  vol.  67, 
page  226) :  “  Ordered  that  Edward  &  Samuel  Winslow,  now  on 
board  the  Brigandine  be  released  to  come  home.”  By  the  letter 
of  Capt.  Henchman,  published  heretofore,  it  appears  that  he  left 
this  vessel  at  Pocasset  on  July  31st,  when  he  went  in  pursuit  of 
Philip,  leaving  five  files  of  his  men  at  Fort  Leverett.  And  I 
infer  that  the  vessel  had  left  that  place  before  August  9,  when 
he  was  ordered  by  Gen.  Denison  to  return  and  draw  off  the  men, 
since  he  was  to  leave  there  such  provisions  and  ammunition  as 
“  for  want  of  carriage  ”  he  could  not  bring  with  him. 

In  regard  to  other  matters  referred  to  in  the  above  letters,  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  statement,  in  the  letter  of  July  5th,  of 
forces  sent,  is  simply  a  restatement  of  that  in  the  former  letter, 
and  not,  as  might  appear  at  first,  additional  forces  sent  to  Taun¬ 
ton.  No  such  additional  forces  and  no  other  vessels  were  sent 
at  that  time. 

Capt.  Edward  Hutchinson  was  despatched  to  the  forces  at 
Mount  Hope  on  July  3d,  and  paid  <£ 5.00.00  on  that  day  by  the 
Court’s  order.  There  went  with  him,  as  appears  by  the  Journal 
credits,  the  following  men : 


Edward  Hutchinson  junr  00  12  00 

John  Bennet.  00  19  00 

Sam1  Williams.  00  10  00 

Hugh  Clark.  00  10  00 

John  Pason.  00  10  00 


John  Minott.  00  10  00 

Nathaniel  Holmes.  00  10  00 

John  Buggies.  00  12  00 

Decr  20.  1675 

James  Barrett  00  12  00 


The  explanation  of  the  passage  in  the  letter  of  July  10th, 
relating  that  Capt.  Hutchinson  with  about  one  hundred  men 
went  from  our  headquarters  to  the  Narragansets,  etc.,  is  probably 
this :  In  their  orders  to  Major  Savage  by  Hutchinson,  the  Court 
doubtless  left  the  details  of  the  embassy  to  the  discretion  of  the 
officers  at  Mount  Hope,  and  they  determined  to  march  in  full 
force.  Hubbard  relates  that  Capt.  Mosely  crossed  over  by  water 
to  attend  Capt.  Hutchinson  in  his  despatch,  the  others  going 
around.  It  is  likely  that  Capt.  Hutchinson  sent  back  some  of 


94 


king  philip’s  war. 


his  own  men  with  the  message  of  his  departure,  and  from  this 
the  Court  made  their  report  to  Connecticut  Colony. 

The  negotiations  with  the  Mohegans,  of  whom  Uncas  was 
chief  sachem,  are  of  peculiar  interest,  but  must  be  deferred  to  a 
separate  chapter,  with  only  brief  allusion  here.  On  the  return 
of  the  six  Indians  referred  to  in  the  letter,  Ephraim  Curtis  was 
sent  to  conduct  them,  taking  along  three  Natick  Indians,  who 
volunteered  to  accompany  him.  They  went  by  way  of  Marlbo¬ 
rough,  where,  at  the  Indian  fort,  they  were  warned  of  the  danger 
of  the  journey  by  the  friendly  Indians  gathered  there,  and  Curtis 
heard  of  the  plundering  of  his  own  house  at  “  Quansigamug  ” 
(Worcester)  and  was  shown  some  of  the  plunder  which  the 
marauders,  the  Nipmucks,  had  brought  thither,  and  thereupon 
the  Naticks  declined  to  go  on  unless  more  men  were  added  to 
their  force.  Upon  his  application  to  the  constables  of  Marlbo¬ 
rough,  two  men  with  horses  and  arms  were  pressed  for  this  ser¬ 
vice.  These  were  John  and  James  Barnard,  who  receive  credit 
in  the  Journal  under  date  of  Sept.  14th,  1675.  With  this  party 
he  conducted  the  Mohegans  safely  home,  and  on  his  return 
sought  out  the  Quabang  sachems  and  had  a  romantic  interview 
with  them.  A  full  account  of  this  journey  may  be  found  in  his 
long  and  interesting  letter,  of  July  16th,  to  the  Court,  preserved 
in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  page  215.  The  result  of  the  negotia¬ 
tions  with  Uncas  was  that  he  sent  two  of  his  sons  to  Boston  as 
hostages,  and  his  eldest  son  and  successor,  Oneko,  with  fifty 
men,  to  assist  the  English  against  Philip.  These  were  sent  to 
Plymouth  Colony  under  the  conduct  of  “  Quartermaster  Swift 
and  a  ply  of  horse,”  as  Major  Gookin  relates.  Their  subsequent 
proceedings,  joining  with  the  Rehoboth  men  in  the  pursuit  and 
battle  with  Philip,  their  brief  service  with  Capt.  Henchman  and 
return  home,  have  been  related  in  a  former  article.  The  Mohe¬ 
gans  got  as  wages  the  plunder  they  seized  from  Philip.  Swift 
and  his  “  ply  of  horse  ”  were  credited  as  follows,  Sept.  16th, 
1675: 


Thomas  Swift,  Corporall. 

,00 

13 

06 

Martin  Sanders. 

00 

07 

06 

Samuel  Hayden. 

00 

07 

06 

Ebenezer  Hayden. 

00 

07 

06 

Benjamin  Badcocke. 

00 

07 

06 

Samuel  Whiting. 

00 

07 

06 

Nathaniel  Bullard. 

00 

07 

06 

William  Hawkins. 

00 

07 

06 

Thomas  Toleman. 

00 

07 

06 

Joseph  Penneman. 

00 

07 

06 

Joseph  Crosbey. 

00 

07 

06 

Thomas  Smith. 

00 

07 

06 

Thomas  Blighe. 

00 

07 

06 

Samuel  Blithe. 

00 

07 

06 

Sept  28th  1675 

William  Harris. 

00 

07 

06 

Asaph  Elliott. 

00 

07 

06 

James  Barrett. 

00 

07 

06 

March  25th  1675- 

-6 

Moses  Pain. 

00 

07 

06 

Thomas  Swift  was  the  son  of  Thomas  the  Emigrant,  from 
Yorkshire,  Eng.,  who  settled  in  that  part  of  Dorchester  which  is 
now  Milton.  Married  Elizabeth  Yose,  daughter  of  Robert,  9th 


ESTIMATE  OF  FORCES  EMPLOYED. 


95 


Dec.  1657,  and  had  Thomas,  Elizabeth,  William,  John,  and 
Samuel.  He  died  31st  Jan.,  1718. 

The  other  company  of  Indians  that  went  out  in  this  campaign 
was  enlisted  by  Major  Gookin  from  the  various  friendly  tribes 
about  Boston,  agreeably  to  an  order  of  the  Court  of  July  2d,  and 
to  the  number  of  fifty-two  marched  out  of  Boston  on  July  6th, 
under  the  conduct  of  Capt.  Isaac  Johnson,  who  delivered  them 
to  Major  Savage  at  Mt.  Hope,  and  then  “  returned  back.” 
Seventeen  of  these  were  with  Capt.  Henchman  when  he  crossed 
from  Pocasset  to  Providence,  July  31st,  in  pursuit  of  Philip. 
Others  were  credited,  as  we  have  seen,  under  Capt.  Prentice, 
the  rest  returned  to  their  homes  “  after  25  days,”  according  to 
Major  Gookin.  The  popular  prejudice  against  these  Praying 
Indians  seems  to  have  extended  to  our  early  historians,  who, 
except  Gookin,  seldom  mention  them  or  their  service  ;  and  since 
they  were  not  generally  credited  on  the  treasurer’s  book,  it  is 
extremely  difficult  to  give  a  correct  account  of  them.  According 
to  the  testimony  of  Major  Savage,  Capts.  Henchman  and  Pren¬ 
tice,  “  most  of  them  acquitted  themselves  courageously  and 
faithfully,”  and  we  know  that  the  Mohegans,  in  company  with 
the  Rehoboth  men,  did  the  most  effective  fighting  of  the  whole 
campaign. 

We  have  noted  the  various  elements  that  made  up  this  expe¬ 
dition  under  Major  Savage,  and  now,  counting  the  regular  forces 
that  went  out  at  first  under  Henchman,  Prentice  and  Mosely  as 
250  men,  and  under  Paige  35,  we  have  but  285  men,  95  less  than 
the  number  stated  in  the  letter  of  June  28th.  This  seems  a  large 
number  to  allow  as  guards  and  attendants,  but  I  think  that  some 
twenty-five  or  thirty  men  besides  Paige’s  troop  went  out  with 
Major  Savage  and  joined  the  companies  already  there.  It  will  be 
remembered  that  121  men  were  credited  under  Capt.  Henchman, 
nearly  all  of  whom,  after  a  diligent  comparison  of  their  credits 
and  subsequent  service,  I  conclude  must  have  joined  him  as  early 
as  July  1st.  And  this  reckoning  still  leaves  a  large  margin  for 
attendants  and  guards.  The  round  number  of  “  about  400  ”  in 
the  letter  of  July  5th  may  have  included  the  men  of  Capt.  John¬ 
son,  who  conducted  the  52  “  Gookin  ”  Indians,  but  not,  I  think, 
the  Indians  themselves.  It  is  barely  possible  that  the  crews  of 
the  two  vessels  were  counted,  making  about  twenty  men  addi¬ 
tional.  The  reference  to  “  dragoons  ”  is  explained  by  the  fact 
that  Capt.  Henchman’s  company  was  furnished  with  horses. 

The  “  Guards  and  Carriage  ”  account  does  not  show  an  amount 
of  expense  corresponding  to  the  large  number  apparently  em¬ 
ployed  for  that  service,  the  total  amount  for  the  several  cam¬ 
paigns  up  to  January  25,  1675-6,  being  but  X16.10.00.  Some 
of  the  guards  in  his  first  expedition  were  charged  directly  to 
Plymouth  Colony,  those  evidently  who  guarded  the  carts  sent 
with  ammunition,  etc.,  to  supply  their  wants.  The  following 


96 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


were  thus  charged  at  £00.  03s.  OOd.  apiece  for  guarding  their 
ammunition :  Richard  Smith,  Thomas  Lawrence,  James  Hoxly, 
James  Montt,  Ebenezer  Hill. 

And  these  are  all  that  I  can  find  credited  as  guards  for  this  expe¬ 
dition,  so  that  I  must  leave  the  discrepancy  between  the  numbers 
that  plainly  appear  from  the  Journal  credits  and  other  various 
sources,  and  the  statement  of  the  letter  of  June  28th,  to  be  filled 
in  by  the  number  of  officers,  doctors,  quartermasters  and  their 
attendants,  and  also  allow  for  some  who  returned  home  sick  or 
disabled,  or  else  deserted  and  received  no  credit  on  the  books, 
though  reckoned  in  the  statement  of  the  Court.  This  campaign 
closed,  as  concerned  Major  Savage,  when  he  returned  to  Boston 
about  July  20th. 

Major  Savage  appears  not  to  have  been  actively  engaged  in  the 
war  after  this  campaign  until  the  following  February,  but  in  the 
mean  time  as  an  enterprising  merchant,  a  town  commissioner, 
captain  of  an  important  company  of  Boston  militia,  with  charge 
of  its  training  and  the  impressment  of  quotas  for  active  service, 
the  latter  a  difficult  and  trying  matter,  we  can  see  that  he  was 
not  idle.  The  situation  of  affairs  in  the  colonies  at  the  beginning 
of  February,  1675-6,  was  somewhat  as  follows :  The  summer  and 
autumn  campaigns  in  the  west  had  not  made  any  material  gain 
for  the  English  except  in  experience  ;  the  Narraganset  campaign 
had  resulted  in  driving  that  tribe  and  the  Mount  Hope  Indians 
to  the  north  and  west ;  their  women,  children  and  old  people,  that 
survived  the  Fort  fight,  were  scattered  about  amongst  the  various 
tribes  nearest  them ;  Philip  and  his  fighting  men  were  thus  left 
free  to  range  up  and  down,  overawing  the  smaller  tribes,  inciting 
the  stronger  to  hostility  against  the  colonies  ;  his  agents  and 
friends  were  active  in  all  the  tribes  ;  himself  with  a  body  of  his 
men  had  retired  as  far  as  the  woods  above  Albany,  where  they 
were  supplied  with  abundance  of  arms  and  ammunition  by  the 
Dutch ;  as  a  wanderer  and  outlaw  he  had  nothing  further  to  lose 
and  everything  to  gain  by  the  war ;  the  young  men  of  the  tribes 
looked  upon  him  as  a  great  leader,  and  were  eager  to  follow  him  ; 
large  bodies  of  Indians  were  drawn  together  in  various  places ; 
most  of  the  Nipmucks,  with  some  Narragansets,  were  encamped 
at  Wenimesset  (now  New  Braintree)  ;  many  others  from  different 
tribes  had  gathered  about  Mount  Wachuset ;  another  large 
encampment  was  at  Squakeag  (Northfield)  and  beyond,  whither 
many  of  the  tribes  about  Springfield  and  Hadley  had  withdrawn. 
And  all  these  made  common  cause  with  Philip,  and  were  in  an 
attitude  of  warfare.  Thus  Philip,  at  bay,  and  with  nearly  the 
whole  force  of  the  New  England  tribes  in  active  sympathy  with 
him,  was  far  more  dangerous  than  at  Mount  Hope.  The  Eng¬ 
lish,  on  the  other  hand,  were  weary  of  the  war  which  they  had 
carried  on  for  seven  months,  at  immense  expense  of  means  and 
men,  without  apparent  gain.  The  people  in  the  frontier  towns 


STATE  OF  AFFAIRS,  MIDWINTER,  1675-6. 


97 


were  mostly  withdrawn  into  garrisons,  their  homes  broken  up, 
farms  laid  waste,  and  they  living  in  constant  dread  of  the  lurk¬ 
ing  enemy.  Military  skill  and  bravery  could  avail  but  little 
against  the  tactics  of  a  skulking  foe,  who  came  when  and  where 
least  expected,  nearly  always  striking  those  least  prepared,  apply¬ 
ing  the  torch,  shooting  from  the  safe  covert  of  the  woods,  and, 
before  effective  resistance  could  be  offered,  vanishing  again  to 
the  forests.  The  Indians  were  intimately  acquainted  with  the 
habits  and  plans  of  the  colonists  and  knew  just  when  to  strike 
and  where,  while  the  English  knew  nothing  of  their  movements 
except  from  the  friendly  Indians,  whom  they  mostly  distrusted. 

The  English  had  many  of  these  friendly  Indians  acting  as 
spies  and  scouts,  who  circulated  quite  freely  among  Philip’s 
allies,  and  brought  intelligence  of  their  plans ;  but  their  reports 
were  often  received  with  distrust,  and  the  Council  was  slow  to 
act  upon  them,  and  in  many  cases  their  neglect  was  followed  by 
disaster.  One  of  these  spies,  James  Quannapohit,  alias  Rumney- 
marsh,  after  visiting  the  Nipmucks  at  Wenimesset,  near  Brook¬ 
field,  brought  word  to  Boston  on  January  24th,  of  the  intended 
attack  upon  Lancaster  and  other  towns,  but  too  little  heed  was 
paid  to  his  warning,  and  so  these  places  were  one  by  one  attacked, 
and  several  destroyed. 

Such  was  the  posture  of  affairs  in  February,  1675-6,  when 
Philip  was  preparing  to  strike  an  effectual  blow  against  the 
colonies.  On  February  6th,  the  army  returning  from  the  Nar- 
raganset  country  to  Boston,  was  disbanded.  On  the  8th  the 
Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies  voted  to  raise  another 
army  of  six  hundred  men  for  a  campaign  in  the  west.  No  quota 
was  required  from  Plymouth.  On  the  10th  Lancaster  was 
attacked  by  the  Nipmucks.  On  the  15th  Mosely  and  his  com¬ 
pany  were  ordered  to  Sudbury,  and  about  that  time  Capt.  Oakes 
with  his  troop  was  scouting  from  Lancaster  to  Medfield,  and  was 
at  the  latter  place  when  it  was  assaulted  on  the  21st.  On  that 
day  the  Council  voted  to  raise  one  hundred  foot  and  seventy-two 
troopers  to  fill  the  Massachusetts  quota  of  the  proposed  army. 
Major  Savage  was  captain  of  this  foot  company,  but  when  he  was 
commissioned  as  commander  of  the  Massachusetts  troops  on  the 
25th,  his  lieutenant,  Benjamin  Gillam,  succeeded  to  that  com¬ 
pany’s  command.  Capt.  John  Whipple  was  appointed  to  com¬ 
mand  the  troopers,  and  Capt.  William  Turner  marched  out  with 
another  company  of  foot. 

John  Curtice  and  six  friendly  Indians  from  the  Island  were 
to  serve  as  guides.  The  Massachusetts  forces  were  ordered  to 
march  immediately  to  Brookfield,  to  join  the  Connecticut  men 
under  Major  Treat,  and  Major  General  Denison  was  appointed 
commander-in-chief  of  the  combined  forces,  and  ordered  to  Marl¬ 
borough  to  direct  the  movements  of  the  army. 

The  Massachusetts  forces  joined  those  of  Connecticut  under 


98 


king  philip’s  war. 


Major  Treat  on  the  2d  or  3d  of  March  at  Brookfield,  and  advanced 
to  attack  the  Indians  at  Wenimesset,  but  the  enemy,  having 
intelligence  of  the  design,  fled  before  our  troops  arrived.  Our 
dragoons,  it  is  said,  followed  a  part  of  these  as  far  as  Paquayag 
(Athol),  where  they  crossed  the  river  and  escaped  towards 
Northfield.  Mrs.  Rowlandson  was  with  them  a  captive,  in  this 
retreat,  and  gives  an  account  of  the  affair.  They  arrived  at 
Northfield  on  March  the  7th,  went  up  the  river  and  crossed  to 
the  west  bank,  where  on  the  9th  they  joined  Philip  and  a  large 
body  of  Indians  encamped  there.  By  this  pursuit,  and  against 
the  earnest  advice  of  the  Natick  scouts,  our  army  was  diverted 
from  the  intention  of  attacking  the  Indians  gathered  near  Mount 
Wachuset,  and  instead  marched  into  Hadley  on  March  8th. 
Their  coming,  however,  seems  to  have  been  opportune,  as  the 
evident  design  of  the  large  force  of  Indians  gathered  near  was 
upon  the  towns  on  the  river.  On  the  9th  they  attacked  West- 
field  with  a  small  force,  and  on  the  14th  assaulted  Northampton 
in  full  force,  but  were  repulsed,  Major  Treat  and  the  Connecticut 
forces  having  entered  the  town  the  evening  before,  and  Capt. 
Turner’s  company  being  already  stationed  there.  The  further 
details  of  this  expedition  must  be  deferred  to  the  future  accounts 
of  garrisons  and  the  several  captains  and  their  companies. 

In  a  letter  of  March  28th  Major  Savage  gives  the  Council  some 
account  of  his  movements,  of  the  attack  upon  the  people  at  Long- 
meadow,  of  the  withdrawal  of  the  Connecticut  forces,  of  the 
gathering  of  large  numbers  of  Indians  about  Deerfield  and  North- 
field,  and  the  danger  threatening  those  towns.  This  letter  is  in 
the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  page  189. 

The  following  letter  of  the  Council  to  Major  Savage  shows 
something  of  the  closing  movements  of  this  campaign,  and  is 
copied  in  full  from  the  original  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  page 
191.  It  is  dated  1st  April,  ’76. 

Majr  Savage, 

Wee  receved  your  letters  by  the  post  dated  28th  of  march  and  perceve 
both  by  yor9  and  Mr.  Nowel’s  letters  that  Coneticut  forces  are  drawne 
of  &  that  by  reason  of  the  numerousnes  of  the  enimy  (according  to 
yor  information)  you  are  not  in  a  capacity  to  pursue  ym,  also  you 
intimate  ye  feares  of  the  people  of  these  townes  y‘  in  case  you  bee 
drawne  of  wth  yor  forces  yl  they  wilbe  in  danger  to  be  destroyed  by  the 
enimy  allso  wee  understand  that  the  townes  are  unwilling  to  attend  our 
advise  to  draw  into  a  narrow  compass  whereby  wee  conceved  they  would 
have  been  able  to  deffend  themselves  better,  but  Northampton  desires 
more  soldiers  to  be  added  to  yer  former  number,  they  offer  to  mayn- 
tayne  all  soldiers  both  for  wages  and  victuall  the  result  of  the  Council 
touching  this  matter  is  y*  wee  are  willing  for  present  that  you  leave 
soldiers  to  assist  those  townes  not  exceeding  150  men  choosing  such 
as  are  fittest  for  that  service  and  as  neare  as  you  can  All  single  men 
Leaving  Capt.  Turner  in  Capt  Poole  place ;  with  the  Rest  of  the  Army 
we  expsly  comand  you  to  draw  homeward  &  endeavr  in  yr  retume  to  visit 


council’s  letter  to  major  savage. 


99 


♦and  you  are  thereby 
Incapacitated  to  fur¬ 
ther  accn  by  reason  of 
ye  numerousnes  or 
flight  of  y»  enirny. 


♦♦from  them  sent  in  another  letter 
to  him  as  news  by  order  &  both 
signed  1“  April  76. 

E.  R.  Sec’y, 
by  orcb 


yt  enimy  about  Bach  quake  &  bee  careful  not  to  bee  Deseved  by  yer  lap¬ 
wing  stratagems :  by  drawing  you  of  from  yr  nest  to  follow  some  men ; 
Butt  if  Majr  Treat  and  the  Conetecut  forces  should  returne  &  y*  it  be 
advisable  to  march  after  ye  enimy  to  Dearfeld  &c.  wee  leave  you  to  yor 
liberty  to  act  as  you  shall  judge  Best;  but  if  ye 
Conetect  men  returne  not  or  after  a  returne  draw 
of  again,*  then  or  expesse  order  is  to  bee  upon  yor 
march  homewards  &  in  yor  returne  to  endevor  to  visit 
the  enimy  as  in  or  past  was  exprssed ;  If  you  should 
not  meet  with  the  enimy  then  we  order  you  to  retreat  to  Marlborow 

and  wait  their  for  further  orders**  .... 
Wee  have  latle  sent  Capt.  Gravs  of  Charles¬ 
town  with  about  50  men  and  30  horses  laden 
with  provisions  &  Ammunition  to  Qua- 
bauge  ordering  him  to  take  ye  charge  of  y* 
Garrison  for  prsent  and  to  returne  ye  horses  &  men  wHl  Srt  Ingram,  so 
y*  wee  wilbe  sufficiently  recruited  wth  ammunition  at  ye  fort  at  Qua- 
bauge,  touching  that  Rebuke  of  God  upon  Cap1  Whiple  and  ye  poore 
people  at  Springfield  it  is  matter  of  great  shame  and  humbling  to  us. 
The  inteligence  by  the  woonded  woman  of  what  ye  enimy  said  to  her ; 
wee  have  reason  to  aprehend  much  of  it  is  false  &  y[  they  have  not 
such  numbers  at  Dearefield  neither  are  the  Narragansetts  or  Nipmucks 
there ;  or  Reasons  are  because  at  this  prsent  time  &  before  yor  letter 
were  dated  a  great  Boddy  of  Indians  and  wee  conceive  they  are  Nar¬ 
ragansetts  have  done  great  mischeif  at  Secuncke  and  Providence  neare 
Secuncke  upon  last  Lorday  Capt  Peirce  with  about  100  English  & 
indians  Ingaged  with  a  great  body  of  them  about  5  miles  from  Secunke 
neare  Mr  Blackston  the  consequent  of  wch  fight  was  y‘  Peirce  was 
slaine  and  51  English  more  with  him  &  11  Indians  y‘  Assisted  him  their 
escaped  of  ye  whole  company  not  above  7  or  8  English  &  ye  rest  the 
enimy  tooke  all  yr  arms  and  two  horse  loads  with  provisions  ;  there  was 
a  great  body  of  indians  as  ye  escaped  report  &  environed  yra  Round 
Capt.  Peirce  with  a  smaler  pty  had  a  skirmish  with  about  50  of  them  ye 
day  before  and  did  ym  mischeife  &  came  of  without  loss  wth  [s/'c]  On 
the  same  Lord  day  another  party  of  indians  assalted  Malborow  in  ye 
time  of  afternone  execise  they  burnt  13  deserted  houses  &  11  barns  at 
yl  time  &  3  men  were  wounded.  The  towne  of  Lancaster  is  wholly 
deserted  Groton  can  abide  no  longer  yn  untill  carts  bee  sent  to  bring  ym 
wch  will  bee  next  weeke,  Chelmsford  wee  feare  will  bee  soone  nessecated 
to  do  ye  like  &  what  Meadfeld  and  other  fronters  towns  may  shortly 
bee  put  upon  ye  Lord  know,  these  things  considered  you  may  see  the 
Nessecity  of  having  or  Army  nearer  to  us  this  day  wee  had  intelligence 
of  ye  enimies  assaulting  and  burning  Providence  and  Rehobath :  They 
earnestly  sent  for  succor  but  we  have  ym  not  we  have  now  about  700 
men  out  in  those  westward  parts  at  Marlboroh  and  or  other  fronters 
and  wee  are  at  a  plunge  where  to  raise  more  &  kepe  the  heart  in  any 
competent  safty.  Thus  committing  you  to  God  desiring  his  presence 
with  &  protection  over  you  wee  Remaine 

Wee  have  sent  out  a  single  Indian  from  ye  Island  to  carry  A  letter 
to  ye  enimy  aboute  redemption  of  Captives,  hee  [is]  ordered  to  carry  a 
flag  of  truce  if  hee  come  into  your  Army  let  him  bee  returned  in  safty. 


100 


king  Philip’s  war. 


The  following  are  the  credits  given  under  Major  Savage,  whose 
company  in  this  campaign,  from  February,  1675-6,  to  May,  was 
under  the  immediate  command  of  Lieut.  Gillam : 


April  24th  1676 

Thomas  Simkins. 

01 

10 

00 

Phillip  Bullis. 

00 

18 

00 

Theophilus  Thornton. 

02 

02 

00 

William  Pasmore. 

00 

18 

00 

Thomas  Savage  jr. 

04 

02 

04 

James  Hughes. 

00 

18 

00 

Joseph  Bodman. 

01 

12 

06 

June  24th  1676. 

Thomas  Williams. 

02 

02 

00 

Joseph  Pollard. 

02 

01 

00 

Thomas  Bridges. 

02 

02 

00 

Jonathan  Fairbanks. 

03 

07 

00 

Thomas  Savage,  Major. 

28 

00 

00 

Maurice  Truelove. 

01 

16 

00 

John  Williams. 

02 

02 

00 

Richard  Keates. 

02 

02 

00 

James  Chevers. 

02 

02 

00 

Phillip  Bullis. 

01 

09 

00 

Daniel  Landon , 

02 

02 

00 

Zibeon  Letherland. 

02 

02 

00 

Richard  Beffer. 

01 

16 

00 

Joseph  Shaw. 

02 

02 

00 

Joshuah  Hughes. 

03 

03 

00 

Joseph  Gannett. 

02 

02 

00 

Francis  Shepheard. 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Clark. 

01 

12 

06 

Thomas  Dure. 

02 

02 

00 

Samuel  Douse. 

02 

02 

00 

William  Pollard. 

02 

02 

00 

Zekery  Fowle. 

02 

10 

00 

John  Marsh. 

02 

02 

00 

James  Boone. 

02 

02 

00 

Robert  Smith. 

02 

02 

00 

John  Mulbery. 

03 

07 

00 

John  Wiswall. 

04 

11 

00 

Gilbert  Cole. 

02 

04 

00 

James  Lowden. 

03 

07 

00 

David  Rainsford. 

02 

06 

00 

John  Sage. 

01 

13 

04 

Joseph  Andrews. 

02 

02 

00 

Thomas  Chapman. 

01 

19 

04 

Richard  Scott. 

03 

07 

00 

July  24th  1676; 

Henry  Phillips. 

02 

02 

00 

Samuel  Rigbey. 

03 

14 

00 

Richard  Woody. 

02 

09 

06 

Richard  Woods. 

02 

01 

00 

Benjamin  Gillam,  Lieut. 

05 

15 

00 

Joseph  Peeke. 

02 

13 

00 

Samuel  Rust. 

02 

02 

00 

Benjamin  Badcock. 

03 

07 

00 

John  Hand. 

01 

16 

10 

John  Alger. 

01 

03 

04 

Samuel  Meares. 

02 

09 

00 

William  Gerrish. 

06 

11 

00 

John  Hull. 

09 

06 

00 

George  Abbott. 

02 

02 

00 

James  Hughes. 

02 

02 

00 

Christopher  Cole. 

01 

16 

00 

Nathaniel  Richards. 

03 

07 

00 

Charles  Blinco 

01 

16 

00 

Henry  Cooke. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Mansell. 

01 

17 

08 

John  Goff. 

02 

02 

00 

Thomas  Wright. 

02 

02 

00 

Thomas  Read. 

01 

13 

04 

John  Sargent. 

01 

17 

08 

Moses  Pain. 

02 

11 

04 

August  24th  1676 

Benjamin  Burges. 

02 

12 

02 

John  Wells,  jr.  (Weld) 

01 

16 

00 

John  Chapman. 

02 

02 

00 

Jonathan  Barker. 

02 

02 

00 

Samuel  Bill. 

02 

02 

00 

James  Bray  ley. 

03 

03 

00 

Edmund  Gage. 

02 

02 

00 

William  Stratton. 

02 

02 

00 

Ezekiel  Levitt. 

02 

01 

00 

Thomas  Howard. 

03 

10 

00 

Manasses  Beck. 

02 

09 

00 

Thomas  Ernes, als. Fames. 01  08 

04 

John  Figg. 

02 

01 

00 

Joseph  Knight. 

02 

02 

00 

Benjamin  Thurston. 

03 

03 

00 

Sept.  23d 

Joseph  Newell. 

01 

18 

06 

Henry  Willis. 

01 

16 

10 

Richard  Rogers. 

06 

17 

00 

John  Ruggles. 

02 

07 

00 

Simon  Rogers. 

02 

00 

02 

Richard  Snowden. 

01 

16 

00 

In  accordance  with  his  instructions  Major  Savage  withdrew 


CLOSE  OF  WESTERN  CAMPAIGN. 


101 


his  troops  about  April  7th,  leaving  one  hundred  and  fifty-one 
men  with  Capt.  Turner  to  garrison  the  towns,  and  with  four 
companies  under  Capts.  Mosely  and  Whipple,  and  Lieutenants 
Gillam  and  Edward  Drinker,  marched  homeward.  On  arriving 
at  Brookfield  a  council  of  war  was  held  to  consider  the  later 
orders  from  the  Council,  advising  an  attack  upon  the  Indians  at 
Mt.  Wachuset,  but  it  was  decided  not  advisable.  (The  officers 
had  learned  by  experience  the  futility  of  pursuing  the  enemy 
with  an  army.)  The  expedition  of  Major  Savage  thus  closed. 
The  troops  were  either  returned  to  Boston  or  engaged  in  other 
service,  and  there  appear  no  further  credits  under  his  name. 
Accounts  of  Capts.  Whipple  and  Turner  are  to  be  given  here¬ 
after,  also  of  other  officers  mentioned  in  the  letters.  In  Mass. 
Archives,  vol.  68,  page  208,  there  is  an  order  of  the  Council  to 
Gen.  Denison  to  inspect  the  army  returned  under  Major  Savage, 
and  discharging  those  unfitted  for  service  to  dispose  of  the  rest 
as  he  shall  judge  best.  The  order  was  dated  April  10,  1676. 

It  seems  that  Mr.  Samuel  Nowell,  chaplain,  was  a  member  of 
the  council-of-war,  and  voted  to  march  to  Wachuset,  but  the 
officers  Mosely,  Whipple,  Gillam  and  Drinker  voted  against  it 
on  the  ground  of  insufficient  supplies  and  sickness  among  the 
troops.  See  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p,  285. 


y. 


CAPT.  THOMAS  WHEELER  AND  HIS  MEN;  WITH 
CAPT.  EDWARD  HUTCHINSON  AT  BROOKFIELD. 

THE  genealogy  of  the  Wheelers  of  Concord  is  a  difficult 
problem,  from  the  fact  that  as  early  as  1640-1  no  less  than 
seven  heads  of  families  of  that  name  were  in  town,  viz., 
George,  Joseph  and  Obadiah  among  the  first  settlers.  Ephraim, 
Thomas  and  Timothy  settled  in  1689,  and  a  second  Thomas  who 
appears  in  1640-1.  All  published  accounts  are  defective,  but 
the  long  and  careful  research  of  Mr.  George  Tolman,  of  Con¬ 
cord,  has  done  much  to  clear  up  the  mystery.  By  a  diligent 
comparison  of  Mr.  Tolman’s  papers,  kindly  loaned  me,  with  all 
I  am  able  to  glean  from  other  sources,  I  derive  the  following 
account. 

Thomas  Wheeler,  first  mentioned,  removed  to  Fairfield,  Con¬ 
necticut,  in  1644;  his  son  Thomas  settled  on  the  farm  he  left 
in  Concord,  and  married  a  wife  Sarah  before  1649.  Mr.  Savage 
erroneously  identifies  this  latter  with  the  Captain.  But  of  Capt. 
Thomas,  we  know  that  he  was  the  brother  of  Timothy,  who 
mentions  in  his  will,  probated  Sept.  7th,  1687,  “  Joseph,  Ephraim 
and  Deliverance  my  brother  Thomas  his  sons.”  He  married 
Ruth,  daughter  of  William  Wood,  and  from  the  record  of  deaths 
in  Concord  we  find  some  account  of  their  children.  Alice  died 
March  17,  1641;  Nathaniel  died  January  9,  1676-7;  Thomas 
died  Jan.  17,  1676-7;  Ephraim  February  9,  1689.  Joseph  and 
Deliverance,  mentioned  in  Timothy’s  will,  were  probably  the 
sole  survivors  of  the  parents.  It  is  possible  that  J ames  Wheeler, 
who  married  Sarah  Randall  in  1682  and  settled  in  Stow,  was  a 
son  of  Capt.  Thomas  and  Ruth.  “  Capt.  Thomas  Wheeler,  hus¬ 
band  of  Ruth ,  died  Dec.  10,  1676.”  Ruth  the  widow  adminis¬ 
tered  upon  his  estate  next  year.  Their  son  Joseph,  in  1677, 
administered  upon  the  estates  of  his  brothers  Thomas  and 
Nathaniel.  The  estate  of  Thomas  consisted  of  “  a  horse,  pistols, 
cutlash  and  gun,”  and  was  prized  at  <£6  12s.  This  was  the  Cap¬ 
tain’s  son  who  saved  his  father’s  life  at  the  fight  in  Brookfield. 
The  son  Joseph  married  Mary  Powers  and  settled  in  Stow,  Mass. 
Deliverance  married  Mary  Davis,  and  also  settled  in  Stow. 
Capt.  Thomas  was  admitted  freeman  in  1642,  was  sergeant 
of  the  foot  company  of  Concord  in  1662,  was  appointed,  at  its 
organization  in  1669,  captain  of  the  horse  company,  made  up  of 
troopers  from  several  adjoining  towns.  He  was  in  command  of 


103 


“CAPT.  wheeler’s  NARRATIVE.” 

this  company  in  July,  1675,  when  it  was  called  into  the  service 
of  which  some  account  is  to  be  given.  Of  this  the  main  facts 
are  gathered  from  the  very  interesting  “  narrative  ”  which  he 
published  in  1675,  within  a  few  months  after  the  service  was 
rendered.  The  title  of  this  pamphlet  has  been  transcribed  by 
the  kindness  of  A.  C.  Goodeil,  Jr.,  Esq.,  from  a  copy  of  the 
original  edition  belonging  to  the  Essex  Institute,  which  copy  is 
bound  up  with  the  Rev.  Peter  Bulkeley’s  Sermon,  and  was  per¬ 
haps  published  with  it.  It  is  as  follows : 

A  True  Narrative  Of  the  Lord’s  Providences  in  various  dispensations 
towards  Captain  Edward  Hutchinson  of  Boston  and  my  self  and  those 
that  went  with  us  into  the  Nipmuck  Country ,  and  also  to  Quabaug,  alias 
Brookfield.  The  said  Captain  Hutchinson  having  a  Commission  from 
the  Honoured  Council  of  this  Colony  to  Treat  with  several  Sachems  in 
those  parts,  in  order  to  thepublick  peace  and  my  self  being  also  ordered 
by  the  said  Council  to  accompany  him  with  part  of  my  Troop  for  Security 
from  any  danger  that  might  be  from  the  Indians :  and  to  Assist  him  in 
the  Transaction  of  matters  committed  to  him. 

Of  this  valuable  publication  contemporary  historians  availed 
themselves.  Mr.  Hubbard  evidently  used  it  freely  and  followed 
it  fully  in  his  account.  Major  Gookin  refers  to  and  quotes  from 
it  in  his  “  History  of  the  Praying  Indians.”  But  Rev.  Nathan 
Fiske,  pastor  of  the  Third  Church  in  Brookfield,  who  preached  a 
centennial  historical  sermon  in  1775  (which  was  published  in 
1776),  seems  not  to  have  known  of  it,  but  follows  Gov.  Hutchin¬ 
son’s  history,  who  himself  evidently  had  never  seen  it,  at  least 
does  not  notice  it.  And  Rev.  Joseph  I.  Foot  delivered  a  His¬ 
torical  Discourse  on  Thanksgiving  Day,  November  7,  1828  (pub¬ 
lished  first  in  the  same  year),  which  discourse  (says  the  Editor 
of  the  enlarged  edition  of  1843)  was  compiled  by  the  author 
“after  much  inquiry  and  laborious  research,”  and  yet  Mr.  Foot 
seems  to  have  been  entirely  ignorant  of  the  existence  of  the  “  nar¬ 
rative,”  and  makes  no  mention  of  Capt.  Wheeler,  leaving  the 
natural  inference  that  he  could  hardly  have  read  either  Hub¬ 
bard’s,  Mather’s  or  Gookin’s  History.  The  edition  of  1843  con¬ 
tains  “  Wheeler’s  narrative  ”  in  full ;  and  by  the  Editor’s 
statement  and  a  letter  from  Lemuel  Shattuck,  of  Concord,  it 
seems  that  Mr.  Foot  became  aware  of  the  existence  of  the  pam¬ 
phlet  but  did  not  receive  it  from  Mr.  Shattuck,  who  possessed 
two  copies,  until  July,  1829,  some  time  after  his  discourse  was 
published,  and  even  then  Mr.  Shattuck  appears  not  to  have 
known  that  the  N.  H.  Historical  Society  had  published  the 
“  Narrative  ”  in  their  Collections  two  years  before,  with  valuable 
annotations.  In  the  edition  of  1843,  however,  the  Editor  plainly 
used  the  publication  of  the  N.  H,  Society,  word  for  word  — 
title,  introduction,  notes  and  all,  without  addition  or  omission, 
though  omitting  to  make  acknowledgment  of  the  same.  On  July 


104 


king  philip’s  war. 


4th,  1860,  in  his  oration  at  the  Bi-Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
Settlement  of  Brookfield,  Rev.  Lyman  Whiting  gives  a  complete 
and  eloquent  account  of  the  fight  and  subsequent  defence  of  the 
garrison  by  Wheeler’s  troopers.  And  later  Mr.  H.  E.  Waite  has 
made  valuable  investigations  and  has  kindly  furnished  assistance, 
advice  and  material  to  the  present  writer,  while  the  late  Rev.  J. 
H.  Temple  has  made  exhaustive  researches,  going  over  the  whole 
ground  and  making  a  complete  and  detailed  history  of  the  whole 
affair  in  his  “  History  of  North  Brookfield ;  ”  publishing  this 
account  by  Capt.  Wheeler  in  full. 

It  may  be  in  order  here  to  recall  the  situation  of  affairs  and 
some  of  the  circumstances  that  led  up  to  this  expedition  to 
Brookfield. 

Having  been  twice  warned  of  the  designs  of  Philip,  and  his 
efforts  to  stir  up  the  various  chiefs  of  the  Nipmucks,  by  Waban, 
the  ruler  of  the  Christian  Indians  at  Natick,  the  Council  at  last 
began  to  realize  that  something  ought  to  be  done.  And  so,  on 
June  13,  1675,  an  embassy  was  sent  to  the  Quabaugs  and  the 
Nipmuck  tribes  to  discover  their  intentions. 

The  messengers  visited  the  various  Indian  towns  of  Paka- 
choog,  Maanexit,  Wabaquasset,  Quantisset,  Chabonokongkomun, 
Manchaug  and  Hassanamesit,  and  received  satisfactory  promises 
from  all  the  rulers  of  these  towns  that  they  would  remain  faith¬ 
ful  to  the  interests  of  the  English.  From  the  Quabaugs  they 
received  the  following  document,  still  preserved  in  the  Archives. 

The  Ruler  of  Quabage  being  examined  by  us  where  his  men  were  : 
he  said  they  were  at  home.  Then  we  asked  him  whether  there  were 
none  of  them  gone  to  help  King  Philip  to  fight  against  the  English  of 
Plymouth ;  he  said  No ;  and  neither  would  he  help  him :  for  he  has  been 
false  to  him  already,  and,  therefore,  I  will  not  help  him :  but  I  will  still 
continue  our  subjection  unto  the  English  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony ; 
neither  will  I  suffer  any  of  my  men  to  go  and  help  him ;  and  in  con¬ 
firmation  of  the  same  I  do  set  my  hand,  25  :  4  :  75. 

Conkcascogau,  alias  Conkganasco. 

The  sachems  who  signed  these  agreements,  for  all  were  of  the 
same  purport,  meant  doubtless,  to  keep  them.  They  were  not 
aware  that  war  had  already  begun  at  Mount  Hope.  And  when 
Philip  with  his  war-party  came  amongst  them,  they  were  at 
first  inclined  to  stand  aloof.  But  the  war  fever  soon  spread 
among  the  young  braves,  and  Philipps  agents  went  about  sowing 
the  seeds  of  disaffection,  and  making  promises  of  great  things  to 
be  done  by  the  general  uprising  of  all  the  tribes.  Philip  made 
presents  of  wampum  to  several  of  these  chiefs  ;  and  by  the  middle 
of  July,  four  at  least  of  them  were  in  the  great  general  war 
camp  at  Meminimisset,  where  Ephraim  Curtis  found  them,  on 
his  first  visit.  This  Ephraim  Curtis  was  an  important  personage 
in  the  negotiations  at  this  time  and  in  the  subsequent  events. 


REVOLT  OF  THE  NIPMUCKS. 


105 


He  was  the  son  of  Henry,  of  Sndbnry,  about  thirty-three  years 
old  at  this  time,  a  notable  scout  and  hunter,  well  versed  in  Indian 
ways,  and  intimately  acquainted  with  many  of  these  tribes.  He 
was  also  a  trader,  and  had  a  house  at  Quansigamug  (Worcester). 

He  gives  a  detailed  and  interesting  account  of  this  visit,  to  the 
Council.  This  account  was  published  in  full,  in  the  “  History  of 
North  Brookfield,”  by  Rev.  J.  H.  Temple.  By  this  account  it 
appears  that  Curtis  was  employed  by  the  Council  to  go  into  the 
Indian  country  about  Quabaug,  and  find  out  all  he  could  about 
their  present  condition  and  probable  designs. 

Three  Christian  Indians,  from  Natick,  volunteered  to  go  with 
him,  and  when  he  arrived  at  Marlboro’,  the  constable  there  fur¬ 
nished  him  with  two  men,  mounted  and  equipped,  and  there  also 
another  Indian  volunteered  with  him. 

At  Marlboro’  he  heard  that  his  house  at  Quansigamug  had  been 
plundered,  and  that  Mattoonas,  the  Nipmuck  chief,  with  a  large 
war-party,  and  some  of  Philip’s  men,  was  raiding  the  country  to 
the  southward.  Holding  their  course  through  Brookfield,  they 
came  after  several  days  to  a  place  where  the  great  body  of  the 
Indians  were  gathered.  He  says  “  These  Indians  have  newly 
begun  to  settle  themselves  upon  an  Island  containing  about  four 
acres  of  ground,  being  compassed  around  with  a  broad  mirey 
swamp  on  the  one  side,  and  a  muddy  river  with  meadow  on  both 
sides  of  it  on  the  other  side,  but  only  one  place  that  a  horse  could 
possibly  pass,  and  there  with  a  great  deal  of  difficulty  by  reason 
of  the  mire  and  dirt.” 

The  savages  were  in  an  ugly  temper,  and  it  was  with  much 
trouble  that  he  finally  prevailed  upon  them  to  listen  to  his  mes¬ 
sage,  the  Indians  in  his  company  pleading  earnestly  for  him.  At 
last  he  gained  speech  with  the  Sachems  and  found  them  to  be 
Muttaump,  Konkganasco,  Willymachen,  Upchattuck,  Keehood, 
and  Noncatonsoo.  Of  these  Muttaump,  the  Sachem  of  Quabaug, 
was  leader.  Curtis  judged  that  there  were  about  two  hundred 
warriors  at  the  place.  His  conference  with  these  Indians  was  on 
July  14th,  and  on  that  same  day  Mattoonas  had  attacked  Mendon, 
and  killed  five  men  at  work  in  the  fields.  This  report  of  Curtis 
was  made  to  the  Council  on  July  16th,  and  greatly  disturbed 
them,  so  that  Curtis  was  at  once  despatched  back  to  the  Indians, 
with  a  message  and  with  letters  to  Major  Pynchon  at  Springfield. 
He  returned  from  this  second  trip  on  July  24th,  and  reported 
that  he  was  well  received  by  the  Indians  who  were  at  the  same 
place,  and  that  they  had  promised  to  send  Keehood  and  another 
of  the  Sachems  to  Boston  within  four  or  five  days  to  speak  with 
the  Governor.  The  Council,  however,  did  not  wait  for  this  time 
to  elapse,  but  determined  to  send  a  larger  force  to  confer  with 
the  Indians,  so  as  to  enforce  their  demands  if  necessary.  But 
they  entirely  misjudged  the  strength  and  temper  of  the  savages, 
and  were  deluded  by  their  supposed  knowledge  that  Philip  was 
securely  shut  up  in  the  swamp  at  Pocasset. 


106 


king  philip’s  war. 


At  a  meeting  of  the  Council  on  July  26th,  Capt.  Thomas 
Wheeler,  of  Concord,  was  summoned  to  appear  at  Boston  next 
day  at  ten  o’clock,  with  twenty  of  his  troop,  to  receive  further 
orders. 

Capt.  Edward  Hutchinson  was  also  called  into  service  again, 
and  on  the  26th  the  following  commission  was  issued  to  him. 
(Mass.  Arch.,  vol.  67,  p.  228). 

Boston  27.  July  1675 

The  Council  beeing  informed  y*  the  narraganset  indians  are  come 
downe  with  about  one  hundred  Armed  men  into  the  Nipmuck  country, 
Do  order  you  Capt  Edward  Hutcheson,  to  take  with  you  Capt  Thomas 
Wheler  &  his  party  of  horse  with  Ephraim  Curtis  for  a  guide  &  a  suffi¬ 
cient  interpreter,  &  forthwith  to  repaire  into  those  parts  &  ther  Laubour 
to  get  a  right  understanding  of  the  motions  of  the  Narraganset  indians 
&  of  ye  indians  of  Nipmuck  :  and  for  that  end  to  demand  of  the  leaders 
of  ye  narraganset  Indians  an  acc’ot  of  ye  grouns  of  yer  marching  in  y‘ 
country  &  require  to  understand  the  orders  of  their  Sachems,  And  also 
to  demand  an  Account  of  the  Nipmuck  Indians  why  they  have  not  sent 
downe  their  Sagamore  according  to  their  promise  unto  or  messenger 

Ephraim  Curtis, - And  further  let  ym  know  yl  wee  are  informed  that 

there  are  some  among  them  y1  have  actually  joyned  with  our  enemies 
in  the  murder  &  spoyle  made  upon  the  English  by  Philip,  And  that 
Matoones  &  his  Complices  who  have  Robed  &  Murdered  our  people 
about  Mendon  are  now  among  ym  And  y‘  wee  require  them  to  deliver 
up  to  you  or  forthwith  bring  in  to  us  those  our  enemies,  otherwise  wee 
must  Looke  at  them  to  bee  no  friends  to  us,  but  ayders  and  abettors 
[sic]  and  unto  all  these  things  you  shall  require  yer  expr'sse  answer; 
&  as  soon  as  you  have  dispatched  the  affayre,  you  are  to  returne  home 
&  give  us  an  acct,  so  desiring  the  Lords  prrsence  with  you  &  in  prose¬ 
cution  of  this  affayre  if  you  should  meet  with  any  Indians  that  stand  in 
opposition  to  you  or  declare  ymselves  to  bee  yor  enemies  then  you  are 
ordered  to  ingage  with  them  if  you  see  reson  for  it  &  endeavr  to  reduce 
ym  by  force  of  Arms. 

“  Capt.  Edward  Hutchinson  was  the  eldest  son  of  William  and 
Ann,  and  came  to  this  country  from  England  with  his  uncle 
Edward  Hutchinson,  probably  in  September,  1633,  a  year  before 
his  parents  came.  His  family  were  much  interested  in  the  civili¬ 
zation  of  the  Indians,  and  were  widely  known  amongst  them. 
Capt.  Edward  owned  a  large  farm  in  the  Nipmuck  country,  and 
had  employed  several  of  the  sachems  in  tilling  it.  He  was 
popular  with  the  Indians,  experienced  in  military  matters, 
trusted  by  the  colony,  and  had  several  times  been  sent  to  treat 
with  different  tribes,  and  was  but  lately  returned  from  the  treaty 
with  the  Narragansets.” 

Such  was  the  situation  when,  as  we  learn  from  Capt.  Wheeler’s 
narrative  above  mentioned,  he,  with  about  twenty  of  his  troop, 
reported  to  the  Council  as  commanded,  and  with  Capt.  Hutchin¬ 
son  marched,  on  July  28th,  from  Cambridge  to  Sudbury,  and 
thence  the  next  three  days  into  the  Nipmuck  Country.  They 


EXTRACT  FROM  WHEELER’S  STORY. 


107 


marched  to  within  two  miles  of  New  Norwich,  and  finding  all 
the  Indians  had  fled  from  their  towns,  and  meeting  with  but  a 
few  stragglers  here  and  there,  who  fled  from  them,  they  marched 
back  to  Brookfield,  arriving  there  Sunday,  August  1st,  and  hear¬ 
ing  of  Indians  in  great  force  about  ten  miles  away,  they  sent  out 
four  men  to  treat  with  them.  One  of  these  was  Ephraim  Curtis 
(as  I  find  by  his  testimony  in  the  trial  of  the  W abaquassa  Indian, 
Poquahow,  for  being  engaged  in  the  assault  upon  Capt.  Hutchin¬ 
son  and  the  rest),  two  I  think  were  Brookfield  men,  and  the 
fourth  was  probably  one  of  the  Indian  guides.  They  met  the 
Indians  about  eight  miles  from  Brookfield  in  a  swamp,  and  after 
the  young  warriors  had  blustered  and  threatened  a  long  time, 
their  sachems  agreed  to  meet  Capt.  Hutchinson  and  his  party 
next  day  at  8  o’clock  at  a  plain  three  miles  from  Brookfield. 
Capt.  Hutchinson,  accompanied  by  the  troopers,  scouts  and  three 
of  the  “  chief  men  ”  of  Brookfield  went  to  the  place  appointed ; 
but  no  Indians  appeared.  Whereupon  the  officers  suspected 
treachery,  and  were  earnestly  warned  by  the  Indian  guides  not  to 
go  on;  but  the  Brookfield  men  were  so  confident  of  the  good 
faith  of  the  Nipmucks,  and  urged  so  hard,  that  at  last  they 
prevailed,  and  the  party  marched  on. 

As  Capt.  Wheeler  relates  the  story : 

“  The  said  Capt.  Hutchinson,  who  was  principally  entrusted 
with  the  matter  of  Treaty  with  them,  was  thereby  encouraged  to 
proceed  and  march  forward  towards  a  swamp  where  the  Indians 
then  were.  When  we  came  near  the  said  swamp,  the  way  was 
so  very  bad  that  we  could  march  only  in  a  single  file,  there  being 
a  very  rocky  hill  on  the  right  hand,  and  a  thick  swamp  on  the 
left,  in  which  there  were  many  of  those  cruel  blood-thirsty 
heathen,  who  there  waylaid  us,  waiting  an  opportunity  to  cut  us 
off ;  there  being  also  much  brush  on  the  side  of  the  said  hill, 
where  they  lay  in  ambush  to  surprise  us.  When  we  had  marched 
there  about  sixty  or  seventy  rods,  the  said  perfidious  Indians 
sent  out  their  shot  upon  us  as  a  shower  of  hail,  they  being  (as 
was  supposed)  about  two  hundred  men  or  more.  We  seeing 
ourselves  so  beset,  and  not  having  room  to  fight,  endeavored  to 
fly  for  the  safety  of  our  lives.  In  which  flight  we  were  in  no 
small  danger  to  be  all  cut  off,  there  being  a  very  miry  swamp, 
into  which  we  could  not  enter  with  our  horses  to  go  forwards, 
and  there  being  no  safety  the  way  we  came,  because  many  of  their 
company,  who  lay  behind  the  bushes,  and  had  let.  us  pass  by 
them  quietly  ;  when  others  had  shot,  they  came  out  and  stopt  our 
way  back,  so  that  we  were  forced  as  we  could  to  get  up  the  steep 
and  rocky  hill ;  but  the  greater  our  danger  was,  the  greater  was 
God’s  mercy  in  the  preservation  of  so  many  of  us  from  sudden 
destruction.  Myself  being  gone  up  part  of  the  hill  without  any 
hurt,  and  perceiving  some  of  my  men  to  be  fallen  by  the  enemies’ 
shot,  I  wheeled  about  upon  the  Indians  not  calling  on  my  men 


108 


king  philip’s  war. 


who  were  left  to  accompany  me,  which  they  in  all  probability 
would  have  done  had  they  known  of  my  return  upon  the  enemy. 
They  fired  violently  from  the  swamp,  and  from  behind  the 
bushes  on  the  hillside  and  wounded  me  sorely,  and  shot  my 
horse  under  me,  so  that  he  faultering  and  falling,  I  was  forced 
to  leave  him,  divers  of  the  Indians  being  then  but  a  few  rods 
distant  from  me.  My  son  Thomas  Wheeler  flying  with  the  rest 
of  the  company  missed  me  amongst  them,  and  fearing  that  I  was 
either  slain  or  much  endangered,  returned  towards  the  swamp 
again,  though  he  had  then  received  a  dangerous  wound  in  the 
reins,  where  he  saw  me  in  the  danger  aforesaid.  Whereupon  he 
endeavoured  to  rescue  me  showing  himself  therein  a  loving  and 
dutiful  son,  he  adventuring  himself  into  great  peril  of  his  life  to 
help  me  in  that  distress,  there  being  many  of  the  enemies  about 
me,  my  son  set  me  on  his  own  horse  and  so  escaped  awhile  on 
foot  himself,  until  he  caught  a  horse  whose  rider  was  slain,  on 
which  he  mounted,  and  so  through  God’s  great  mercy  we  both 
escaped.  But  in  this  attempt  at  my  deliverance  he  received 
another  dangerous  wound  by  their  shot  in  his  left  arm.  There 
were  then  slain  to  our  great  grief  eight  men,  viz.:  Zechariah 
Phillips,  of  Boston,  Timothy  Farlow,  of  Billericay,  Edward 
Colborn,  of  Chelmsford,  Samuel  Smedly,  of  Concord,  Sydrach 
Hapgood,  of  Sudbury,  Serjeant  Eyres,  Serjeant  Prichard,  and 
Corporal  Coy,  the  inhabitants  of  Brookfield,  aforesaid.  .  .  . 

There  were  also  five  persons  wounded,  viz. :  Captain  Hutchinson, 
myself  and  my  son  Thomas,  as  aforesaid ;  Corporal  French,  who 
having  killed  an  Indian,  was  (as  he  was  taking  up  his  gun)  shot, 
and  part  of  his  thumb  taken  off,  and  also  dangerously  wounded 
through  the  body  near  the  shoulder;  the  fifth  was  John  Waldoe, 
of  Chelmsford,  who  was  not  so  dangerously  wounded  as  the  rest. 
They  also  then  killed  five  of  our  horses,  and  wounded  some 
more,  which  soon  died  after  they  came  to  Brookfield.” 

Thus  far  Capt.  Wheeler’s  account  is  quoted  directly.  He 
then  tells  of  their  retreat  back  to  the  town,  “  as  fast  as  the  bad¬ 
ness  of  the  way  and  the  weakness  of  our  wounded  would  permit, 
we  being  then  ten  miles  from  it.”  There  is  little  doubt  that  in 
this  retreat  the  surviving  members  of  the  company  were  saved 
by  the  sagacity  and  fidelity  of  the  two  Indian  guides,  Sampson 
and  Joseph  Robin,  sons  of  old  Robin  Petuhanit,  a  faithful 
Christian  Indian.  These  two  led  them  around  by  a  way  they 
knew,  but  unknown  to  any  of  the  English,  all  the  Brookfield 
men  being  killed. 

The  popular  prejudice  against  the  Christian  Indians  is  here 
illustrated,  in  the  fact,  that  Capt.  Wheeler  was  fully  aware  of 
the  good  service  of  these  guides,  and  yet  here  gives  them  no 
credit  for  this  nor  for  the  urgent  warning  against  entering  the 
swamp.  Pie  afterwards  gave  them  a  certificate,  testifying  to  this 
service.  These  two  were  afterwards  so  unjustly  used  by  some  of 


SIEGE  OF  BROOKFIELD. 


109 


the  people  that  they  were  driven  to  join  the  fortunes  of  the  hos¬ 
tile  Indians,  to  save  their  lives.  Sampson  was  killed  by  some 
English  scouts  near  Wachuset,  and  Joseph  was  captured  and  sold 
into  slavery  in  the  West  Indies.  George  Memecho  was  the  third 
Indian  guide  with  Capts.  Wheeler  and  Hutchinson  at  Brookfield, 
and  he  was  captured  and  kept  prisoner  for  some  time  but  finally 
returned  and  gave  intelligent  information  of  the  condition  of 
affairs  among  the  hostile  Indians.  From  Capt.  Wheeler’s  further 
narration  and  from  other  authentic  sources,  we  learn  that  after  a 
circuitous  and  difficult  march  of  ten  miles  the  company  came  into 
Brookfield  town,  spreading  the  alarm  among  the  inhabitants. 
There  they  at  once  seized  and  hastily  fortified  one  of  the  larg¬ 
est  and  strongest  houses,  said  to  have  been  the  Inn  of  Sergt. 
John  Ayres,  just  slain  in  the  fight. 

The  alarm  spread  through  the  town,  and  the  inhabitants  im¬ 
mediately  left  their  own  houses  and  fled  to  the  house  held  by  the 
troopers ;  in  their  fear,  bringing  very  little  with  them,  either  of 
food  or  clothing.  Capt.  Wheeler,  finding  himself,  by  reason  of 
his  wound,  unable  to  conduct  the  defence  of  the  garrison, 
appointed  to  that  office  Simon  Davis,  of  Concord,  James  Richard¬ 
son  and  John  Fiske,  of  Chelmsford.  Within  two  hours  after  they 
returned  to  the  town,  the  Captains  sent  out  Ephraim  Curtis,  and 
Henry  Young  of  Concord,  to  carry  news  of  the  disaster  to  the 
Council  at  Boston,  but  in  this  time  the  Indians  had  crept  warily 
about  the  town,  and  were  found  by  the  messengers  pillaging  the 
outlying  houses.  Finding  the  way  encompassed  and  the  whole 
force  of  the  enemy  closing  in  upon  them,  the  messengers  returned 
to  warn  the  garrison.  Immediately  the  Indians  came  swarming 
upon  them  with  fierce  volleys  and  loud  shoutings,  “  sending  in 
their  shots  amongst  us  like  hail  through  the  walls.”  But  one 
man,  Henry  Young,  above  mentioned,  was  killed,  and  that  in  the 
evening  while  looking  out  from  the  garret  window ;  and  a  son  of 
William  Pritchard  (slain  at  the  fight  in  the  morning),  who  had 
ventured  out  of  the  garrison  to  fetch  some  things  from  his  father’s 
house  still  standing  near  by,  was  killed  just  as  he  was  leaving 
the  house  to  return,  and  his  head  was  cut  off  and  tossed  about  in 
view  of  the  English,  and  then  set  upon  a  pole  against  the  door 
of  his  father’s  house.  All  night  they  besieged  the  house  fiercely, 
till  about  three  o’clock  in  the  morning  August  3d,  when  they 
collected  hay  and  other  combustibles,  and  attempted  to  set  the 
house  on  fire  at  the  corner.  Under  cover  of  their  comrades’ 
muskets,  a  party  promptly  rushed  out  in  the  face  of  the  enemies’ 
bullets,  and  put  it  out.  Only  two  of  these  were  wounded.  At 
this  time,  at  Capt.  Wheeler’s  request,  Ephraim  Curtis  made  an 
attempt  to  get  away  through  the  lines  to  carry  a  message,  but 
failed ;  but  near  morning  he  tried  again  and  succeeded  by  creep¬ 
ing  a  long  distance  on  his  hands  and  knees  to  elude  the  Indians, 
and  after  a  day  and  night,  fainting  with  hunger  and  fatigue. 


110 


king  philip’s  war. 


reached  Marlborough  on  August  4th.  But  the  news  of  the 
destruction  of  Brookfield  had  preceded  him,  carried  by  some 
people  who  were  travelling  towards  Connecticut,  and  coming  to 
Brookfield  and  seeing  the  burning  houses  and  the  killing  of  some 
cattle,  turned  back  and  spread  the  alarm  at  Marlborough,  and  a 
post  was  immediately  sent  after  Major  Willard  who  was  to  march 
that  day  from  Lancaster  to  Groton.  The  messengers  overtook 
him  already  upon  the  march,  and  upon  receipt  of  the  message  he 
promptly  turned  his  force  of  forty-six  soldiers  and  five  Indians 
under  Capt.  James  Parker  of  Groton,  towards  Brookfield. 

In  the  mean  time  the  Indians  kept  up  their  furious  assault  upon 
the  garrison,  trying  by  every  art  to  fire  the  house  through  all  the 
day  and  night,  August  3d,  which  the  English  succeeded  in  pre¬ 
venting,  without  injury,  except  to  one  Thomas  Wilson,  who  was 
wounded  while  venturing  into  the  yard  outside  to  draw  water. 
On  August  4th,  the  enemy  having  received  large  reinforcements, 
proceeded  to  fortify  the  meeting-house  near  by,  and  also  the  barn 
belonging  to  the  besieged  house,  to  protect  themselves  from  the 
watchful  aim  of  the  English  muskets.  They  filled  a  cart  “  with 
flax,  hay  and  candlewood,  and  set  up  planks  fastened  to  the  cart 
against  our  shot.”  This  they  designed  to  wheel  against  the 
house,  under  cover  for  the  night.  And  later,  they  invented  a 
machine-of-war,  of  a  style  unheard  of  before  or  since  in  war¬ 
fare.  It  was  a  sort  of  trundling  wheel-harrow  fourteen  rods  long, 
a  pole  thrust  through  the  heads  of  a  barrel  for  a  front  wheel,  and 
for  a  body  long  poles  spliced  together  at  the  ends  and  laid  upon 
short  cross-poles,  and  lashed  to  the  fore  axle  and  truckle  wheels 
placed  under  at  intervals.  They  constructed  two  of  these  centi¬ 
pede-like  carriages  and  loaded  the  fronts  with  quantities  of  com¬ 
bustibles,  such  as  hay,  flax  and  “  candle  wood.”  These  were 
scarcely  completed,  however,  when  a  heavy  shower  fell  and  wet 
down  their  combustibles,  so  that  they  would  not  readily  bum, 
and  in  the  mean  time  Major  Willard  and  his  force  arrived,  and  so 
intent  were  the  Indians  about  the  machines,  that  his  company, 
coming  about  an  hour  after  dark,  gained  the  yard  of  the  gar¬ 
risoned  house  before  the  enemy  perceived  them.  There  was  a 
large  body  of  Indians  posted  about  two  miles  away,  on  the  road 
by  which  the  Major’s  company  had  come,  and  another  party  of 
over  one  hundred  in  a  house  nearer  the  garrison.  The  outpost 
had  let  the  company  pass  unharmed,  depending  upon  those 
nearer  to  strike  the  blow ;  and  these  latter  depending  upon  the 
others  for  an  alarm,  which  either  was  not  given,  or  else,  in  the 
excitement  of  building  the  machines,  they  did  not  hear,  both 
missed  the  opportunity  of  attack.  As  soon  as  they  saw  their 
mistake  they  attacked  the  Major’s  party  with  fury,  but  without 
much  avail,  and  all  were  soon  safely  within  the  house.  The 
Indians  seeing  their  devices  defeated  and  the  garrison  reinforced, 
set  fire  to  the  barn  and  meeting-house,  and  in  the  early  morning 
of  August  5th,  withdrew. 


SIEGE  OF  BROOKFIELD. 


Ill 


Such  is  Capt.  Wheeler’s  account,  in  brief,  of  the  famous 
encounter  at  the  Quabaug  Swamp,  and  the  subsequent  defence 
of  Brookfield.  And  I  have  followed  his  account  thus  fully  and 
at  some  length,  because  most  of  the  published  accounts  that  I 
have  seen  have  either  conflicted  with  his  or  have  been  otherwise 
misleading. 

As  to  the  locality  where  the  above  surprise,  and  almost 
massacre,  took  place,  there  has  been  much  interesting  discussion 
within  the  last  ten  years.  Two  places  seem  to  answer  very 
closely  the  conditions  of  the  account  of  Capt.  Wheeler  and  the 
others,  whose  testimony  has  been  used  in  the  matter.  One  of 
these  places  is  situated  in  the  north-westerly  part  of  New  Brain¬ 
tree,  where  was  an  ancient  Indian  town  called  Meminimisset, 
afterwards  Wenimisset.  Dr.  L.  R.  Paige,  D.D.,  of  Cambridge, 
advocates  this  location,  and  by  an  able  and  convincing  array  of 
facts  and  arguments,  in  the  “  New  England  Historical  and  Gene¬ 
alogical  Register  ”  of  October,  1884,  leads  to  the  conclusion  that 
the  scene  of  the  tragic  affair  was  just  east  of  Wenimisset  Meadows, 
near  what  is  now  known  as  “  Brookside  Farm.”  The  other 
location  mentioned,  is  the  ravine  near  the  New  Braintree  and 
Brookfield  line,  some  two  and  a  half  miles  from  Wickabaug  Pond. 

This  location  is  advocated  by  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Temple,  late  of 
Framingham,  author  of  the  History  of  North  Brookfield,  above 
mentioned.  In  his  volume  he  brings  forward  equally  strong  and 
convincing  proofs  and  arguments  in  favor  of  his  location.  Both 
these  gentlemen  are  eminent  authorities  in  antiquarian  research ; 
both  are  equally  earnest  in  their  convictions ;  both  reason  from 
the  same  evidences  in  general,  viz.  “  Wheeler’s  Narrative,”  the 
testimony  of  the  various  reports  of  Ephraim  Curtis,  Mrs.  Row¬ 
landson,  the  Indian  guide,  George  Memicho,  and  others,  but  each 
interprets  these  witnesses  as  proving  his  own  theory.  I  am  free 
to  say  that  reading  the  arguments  of  both  again  and  again,  I  am 
unable  to  decide  which  is  the  most  probable  site  of  the  encounter. 

But  fortunately  there  has  been  new  light  shed  upon  the  affair 
from  an  unexpected  quarter.  In  1893,  an  ancient  map  of  a  tract 
of  country,  covering  this  very  territory,  was  brought  to  light  from 
the  unpublished  manuscript  treasures  of  the  Massachusetts  His¬ 
torical  Society,  by  Dr.  Samuel  A.  Green,  and  published  in  fac¬ 
simile  in  the  “  Proceedings  ”  of  the  Society  for  that  year. 

This  map  is  entitled  “A  New  Plan  of  Several  Towns  in  the 
County  of  Worcester,”  and  bears  date  of  March  30,  1785.  It 
was  the  work  of  General  Rufus  Putnam,  at  that  time  of  Rutland, 
but  formerly  of  New  Braintree,  a  distinguished  surveyor,  a  skil¬ 
ful  and  painstaking  artist,  as  this  plan  proves.  The  feature  about 
this  map  of  special  interest  to  us  here  is  the  fact  that  it  locates 
“  Meminimisset,”  and  the  swamp  to  the  east,  and  here  is  found 
the  inscription,  “  Hutchinson  &  Troop  Ambushed  between  Swamp 
&  Hill.” 


112 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


This  evidence  would  seem  to  confirm  definitely  the  conclusions 
of  Dr.  Paige,  and  settle  the  location  positively  at  Meminimisset, 
(  Wenimisset).  It  certainly  shows  that  in  1785,  that  spot  was 
known  as  the  scene  of  the  struggle.  By  the  courtesy  of  the 
Mass.  Historical  Society  I  am  able  to  present  this- ancient  plan  in 
part  to  my  readers. 

The  Nipmuck  tribes  were  alone  concerned  in  this  attack  upon 
Brookfield;  the  Quabaugs,  Wabbaquassets  and  Nashaways, 
being  the  chief.  Philip  left  Pocasset  Swamp  July  31st,  and  with 
a  small  number  of  his  warriors  arrived  at  “  Quabaug  Old  Fort  ”  on 
Thursday,  August  5th.  By  a  letter  from  Major  John  Pynchon, 
of  Springfield,  to  Gov.  Winthrop  of  Connecticut,  we  learn  that 
Philip  was  settled  with  his  band  on  August  7th,  not  far  from 
Meminimisset ;  and  that  Philip’s  brother  was  there,  and  Mattaloos 
(Mattoonas)  also  with  some  two  hundred  men.  George  Memicho, 
the  Indian  captive  taken  at  Brookfield,  relates  that  Philip  brought 
about  forty  men  with  him,  and  “many  more  women  and  chil¬ 
dren.”  About  thirty  of  his  men  had  guns,  the  rest  bows  and 
arrows.  On  their  return  from  Brookfield,  the  victorious  Nip- 
mucks  told  Philip  of  their  exploit,  and  he  gave  three  of  the 
Sagamores,  Apequinash,  Quanansit  and  Mattaump,  about  a  peck 
of  unstrung  wampum  apiece.  Philip  told  the  Indians  that  when 
he  came  from  Pocasset  he  had  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  men 
in  his  company,  besides  women  and  children,  including  Weetamoo 
and  her  company ;  but  now  they  had  gone  by  themselves,  and 
some  were  killed.  He  also  said  that  if  Capt.  Henchman  had 
pursued  him  closely,  he  must  have  been  taken  with  his  whole 
company.  After  this  Philip  and  his  company  seem  to  have  dis¬ 
appeared  from  this  vicinity.  But  the  affair  at  Brookfield  had 
stirred  up  the  Pocumptucks  and  other  River  Indians  so  that  they 
were  ripe  for  the  scenes  which  ensued  along  those  river  towns, 
in  which  Philip  apparently  had  small  part. 

On  August  7th  fresh  forces  arrived  from  Boston,  and  all 
remained  at  the  garrison  till  the  10th  day,  when  Capts.  Hutchin¬ 
son  and  Wheeler,  with  all  of  their  company  that  were  able  to 
travel,  came  away  and  arrived  at  Marlborough  on  August  14th. 
Capt.  Hutchinson  died  there  of  his  wounds  on  the  19th,  and  was 
buried  the  next  day.  Capt.  Wheeler  and  the  remnants  of  his 
company  remained  there  until  the  21st,  when  they  returned 
home  to  Concord. 


Of  those  who  were  engaged  in  this  affair,  the  following  re¬ 
ceived  credit  for  military  service  under  Capt.  Thomas  Wheeler : 


Sept.  15, 1675. 

Samson  Robin.  00  13  08 

Joseph  Robin.  00  13  08 

Sept.  28th 

Benjamin  Graves.  02  16  04 


Simon  Davis. 

John  Buttrick. 

Oct.  19th 
George  Howard. 
John  Hartwell. 


03  08  16 
03  01  06 

01  08  06 
01  11  06 


INDIAN  ASSAULT  ON  AYRES’  INN,  AUGUST  4,  1675. 


wheeler’s  further  service. 


113 


John  French,  Corp.  07  04  00 

JohnKittery  (Kitteridg)  .03  08  06 

George  Farly.  00  14  00 

James  Paddison.  01  14  08 

John  Bates.  01  14  03 

Simon  Howard.  01  10  00 

Samuel  Smedly.  00  14  00 


Sidrach  Hopgood.  00  10  00 

November  30th 

John  Waldoe.  04  00  00 

John  Fisk.  01  14  09 

Jan’y  25,  1675-6. 

James  Richardson.  02  02  00 


Besides  these  credited  above,  there  are  several  mentioned  in 
.the  “  Narrative  ”  and  elsewhere,  who  doubtless  belonged  to  Cap¬ 
tain  Wheeler’s  troop  —  Zechariah  Phillips,  Timothy  Farlow  and 
Edward  Coleburn,  killed  at  the  ambuscade,  and  Henry  Young 
killed  at  the  garrison.  These  with  young  Thomas  Wheeler, 
make  up  the  number  to  twenty-one,  besides  the  guides.  In  Rev. 
John  Russell’s  list  of  men  killed  in  Hampshire  County,  I  find  the 
name  of  James  Hovey,  killed  at  Brookfield,  August  2.  There  is 
no  other  authority  for  the  statement.  The  name  occurs  after 
that  of  Capt.  Hutchinson,  and  it  may  be  that  he,  like  Capt.  H., 
died  of  injuries  received  at  the  fight  or  garrison.  Ephraim  Cur¬ 
tis  was  credited  as  directly  in  the  service  of  the  Council,  <£2 
for  his  service.  It  will  be  noticed  that  neither  Capt.  Wheeler 
nor  his  son  receive  credit  in  the  treasurer’s  account,  but  it  is  seen 
by  two  items  in  the  Court  Records  first,  October  13th,  1675,  in 
answer  to  his  petition  setting  forth  his  necessities,  that  he  receives 
ten  pounds,  and  again  in  October,  1676,  for  his  own  and  his  son’s 
service,  he  is  credited  full  wages  for  both  from  the  time  they  left 
their  own  homes  till  they  returned  to  them  again,  which  was  £28 
in  addition  to  the  £10  granted  him  the  year  before,  which  in  the 
Treasurer’s  Ledger,  is  put  under  the  head  of  “Contingencies,” 
and  is  in  part  remuneration  for  his  losses  and  recognition  of  his 
eminent  services.  The  twenty-eight  pounds  must  have  included 
subsequent  service.  He  remained  at  home  for  some  time,  and 
probably  in  that  time  wrote  out  his  “  Narrative.”  Together  with 
others  of  his  troop,  he  celebrated  the  21st  of  October,  1675,  as  a 
day  of  thanksgiving  for  their  safe  return  from  Brookfield.  Before 
February  29th,  as  is  evident  from  the  credits  following,  he  had 
been  out  again  in  service.  What  or  where  that  service  was  I 
have  not  been  able  to  find  from  any  published  reference. 

There  was,  however,  much  quiet,  though  efficient,  service  per¬ 
formed  in  those  times,  that  the  chronicler  passed  over  in  giving 
account  of  the  more  stirring  events  ;  and  such  service  is  often  only 
revealed  by  these  dim  old  pages  of  Hull’s  Journal,  or  the  brief 
business  or  official  letters  preserved  in  our  precious  Archives. 
Such  data  may  be  helpful  here.  And  first,  the  similarity  of  the 
amounts  of  credit  would  indicate  that  nearly  all  in  this  list  were 
on  the  same  service,  and  it  would  follow  that  the  service  was 
rendered  before  February  29th,  1676.  The  reference  to  “Groton 
Garrison  ”  in  the  credit  of  a  part  of  the  men,  seems  to  point  to 
Groton  and  the  neighboring  towns  as  the  place  of  service.  And 


114 


king  philip’s  war. 


again  the  letter  to  the  Court  from  Groton,  dated  February  6th, 
1675-6,  and  signed  by  James  Parker,  Thomas  Wheeler  and  Henry 
Woodhouse  (Woodis),  respectfully  suggests  that  the  mainten¬ 
ance  of  a  scout  of  “  forty  men,  troopers  and  dragoons,”  to  scout 
between  Groton,  Lancaster  and  Marlboro’,  is  unnecessary,  the 
garrison  at  Lancaster  being  sufficient  for  such  purpose.  More¬ 
over,  that  such  method,  considering  the  distance,  renders  the 
force  unavailable  in  case  of  sudden  surprise,  and  that  such  towns 
as  Billerica  and  Chelmsford  are  weakened  by  the  withdrawal  of 
their  troopers  for  this  service,  and  that  now  in  view  of  the  sud¬ 
den  disappearance  of  the  Weymesit  Indians,  the  troopers  from 
those  towns  “  demand  a  release,”  etc.  I  find  that  many  of  those 
in  the  list  were  from  Billerica  and  Chelmsford.  The  letter  shows 
this  scouting  service  to  have  been  going  on,  and  I  think  it  is  safe 
to  conclude  that  most  of  these  thirty-seven  men  were  engaged  in 
it  under  Capt.  Wheeler  and  Lieut.  Woodhouse. 

Credited  under  Capt.  Wheeler  : 


Feb’y  29th  1675- 

-6. 

David  Batchelor. 

01 

12 

10 

Simon  Davis  (two  credits)  0 1 

11 

10 

Simon  Crosbe. 

01 

12 

10 

'  Nath.  Hill. 

01 

12 

10 

Daniel  Maginnis. 

00 

06 

00 

Jonathan  Hill. 

01 

12 

10 

John  Kitteridg. 

01 

12 

10 

Joseph  Foster. 

01 

12 

10 

James  Pattison. 

01 

12 

10 

John  Waldo. 

01 

12 

10 

Jonathan  Hide. 

01 

12 

10 

Francis  Dudly. 

01 

12 

10 

Samuel  Davis. 

01 

02 

10 

Samuel  Fletcher  Senr.01 

04 

05 

John  Brown. 

01 

12 

10 

1  -< 

Samuel  Fletcher  Junr.01 

12 

10 

Joseph  Hayward. 

01 

12 

10 

Eleazer  Brown. 

01 

19 

04 

John  Hayward. 

01 

12 

10 

Cyprian  Stevens. 

00 

14 

03 

Stephen  Hosmer. 

01 

12 

10 

Benjamin  Graves. 

00 

19 

04 

John  Gould. 

01 

12 

10 

John  Bates. 

01 

12 

10 

Phinias  Sprague. 

01 

19 

04 

^Stephen  Goble. 

01 

12 

10 

Henry  Green. 

01 

12 

10 

March  24th 

Joseph  Winn. 

01 

12 

10 

Simon  Willard. 

01 

12 

10 

Sept.  23d  1676. 

Thomas  Tarball. 

01 

12 

10 

Abraham  Jaque. 

00 

11 

00 

Joseph  Blood. 

01 

12 

10 

Joseph  Fitch. 

01 

09 

00 

June  24th  1676. 

Samuel  Dunton. 

01 

09 

00 

Henry  Woodis,  Lieut. 

04 

02 

02 

Jonathan  Prescott. 

00 

14 

03 

Joses  Buckman. 

01 

12 

10 

Of  the  operations  of  the  troops  about  Brookfield  after  the 
retreat  of  the  Indians,  some  explanation  will  be  given  in  the 
accounts  of  the  various  captains  and  their  companies.  In  esti¬ 
mating  the  number  of  inhabitants  who  were  in  the  house  and 
took  part  in  the  defence,  we  may  consider  the  following  data. 
The  whole  troop,  including  Capt.  Wheeler  and  son,  numbered 
twenty-two ;  Capt.  Hutchinson,  Ephraim  Curtis  and  three 
Indians  made  it  twenty-seven.  At  the  fight  five  were  killed  and 
five  wounded,  one  Indian  guide  captured,  Henry  Young  killed 

1  Under  Wheeler  at  Groton  garrison. 


BROOKFIELD  ABANDONED. 


115 


at  the  house,  and  Curtis  sent  to  Marlborough,  leaving  fourteen, 
presumably,  fit  for  duty.  There  were  some  sixteen  families 
gathered  in  the  house,  including  fifty  women  and  children.  On 
August  8d  Capt.  Wheeler  reports  that  only  twenty-six,  counting 
the  men  of  the  town  and  his  soldiers,  were  capable  of  service. 
Hence  we  may  infer  that  twelve  of  the  inhabitants  were  actively 
engaged  in  the  defence.  Recurring  now  to  the  list  of  petitioners 
of  October,  1678,  published  by  Mr.  Waite  (New  England  Hist, 
and  Genealogical  Register,  vol.  xxxv.  836),  and  counting  out 
Ayres,  Pritchard,  and  Coy,  killed,  and  Wilson  wounded,  we  shall 
not  be  far  out  of  the  way  in  concluding  that  the  others  were 
joined  with  the  troopers  in  making  up  the  twenty-six,  allowing 
for  some  changes  by  accessions  to  and  removals  from  town 
between  1673  and  ’75.  The  reported  numbers  of  four  or  five 
hundred  Indians  present,  and  eighty  killed,  will  bear  liberal 
reduction,  though  the  English  carbines  were  bravely  effective. 

The  following  fragment  may  be  of  interest  here  as  showing 
the  presence  of  the  celebrated  pirate  here  just  after  the  assault 
was  over.  It  is  taken  from  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  7. 

Boston,  October  ye  13,  1675. 

To  the  honored  Governor  &  Councell  of  the  Massathusets  Colony  in 

New  England. 

These  are  to  signyfie  that  Cornellius -  [stc]  Consort  the 

Dutchman  was  uppon  the  Contryes  Servis  Att  quabauge  and  by  the 
Councle  of  Warre  there  was  sent  out  Capt.  of  the  for  lorne  And 
Afterward  marched  to  Grotton  &  Chemsfort  According  to  my  best 
Advice  continued  in  the  Countryes  Servis  six  weekes  Cornellius  being 
Reddy  to  depart  the  Country  &  myself  being  here  att  boston  the 
Major  Willard  being  Absent  I  granted  this  ticket. 

Thomas  Wheller,  Capt. 

This  was  the  famous  Cornelius  Anderson.  In  the  great  trial 
of  the  pirates  he  was  constantly  referred  to  as  Cornelius  Consort, 
i.  e.  Consort  of  Capt.  Roderigo,  the  chief  of  the  pirates.  The 
name  “  Consort  ”  thus  became  his  familiar  cognomen  among  the 
people  and  soldiers  with  whom  he  was  very  popular.  I  cannot 
tell  on  what  occasion  he  led  the  “forlorne,”  but  it  was  after 
Capt.  Mosely  came,  Aug.  11th  or  12th,  and  before  the  15th  when 
he  left.  The  Council  of  War  was  held  after  Capt.  Wheeler  had 
gone,  but  now,  Oct.  13th,  being  in  Boston,  Major  Willard  absent 
at  Groton,  Mosely  at  Hatfield,  Lathrop  and  Beers  both  slain,  it 
devolved  upon  him  to  “  grant  the  ticket.” 

Brookfield  after  the  Attack. 

Capt.  Wheeler  relates  that  soon  after  his  own  return  from 
Brookfield,  “  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  also,  men,  women,  and 
children,  removed  safely  with  what  they  had  left,  to  several 


116 


king  philip’s  war. 


places,  either  where  they  had  lived  before  their  planting  or 
settling  down  there,  or  where  they  had  relations  to  receive  and 
entertain  them,”  and  “  the  Honored  Major  Willard  stayed 
several  weeks  after  our  coming  away.” 

A  small  garrison  was  undoubtedly  maintained  at  the  fortified 
house  some  time  after  the  withdrawal  of  the  inhabitants,  prob¬ 
ably  up  to  the  12th  of  October,  and  it  is  likely  that  widow 
Susannah  Ayres  remained  during  that  time,  as  is  indicated  by 
her  petition  and  account  presented  the  Court  in  October,  1677, 
which  charges  supplies  to  soldiers  under  Ephraim  Curtis,  Major 
Willard  and  Capt.  Poole ;  but  some  time  before  November  16th 
the  place  was  vacant,  for  the  Council  on  that  date  instructs  Capt. 
Appleton  in  his  march  homeward  from  Connecticut  River,  if  he 
comes  by  way  of  Quaboag,  to  drive  down  some  of  the  cattle  and 
swine  which  they  have  heard  have  gathered  about  the  house,  as 
a  relief  to  the  “  poore  people  that  are  concerned  therein.”  There 
is  much  material  preserved  in  the  Mass.  Archives  bearing  upon 
this  point  of  the  withdrawal  of  the  garrison  from  Brookfield,  in 
numerous  letters  and  orders  of  the  Council  to  various  officers, 
all  giving  evidence  of  the  complete  desertion  of  the  town  about 
Oct.  12th.  See  especially,  correspondence  with  Capt.  Appleton 
and  Lieut.  John  Ruddock,  etc. ;  also  petition  of  John  Ayres’s 
sons,  Mass.  Arch.  vol.  10. 

The  town  was  doubtless  wholly  vacated  before  the  middle  of 
October,  and  remained  so,  except  for  the  frequent  passage  of  the 
troops  to  and  from  the  west,  up  to  the  last  of  February  following. 
On  the  21st  of  that  month  the  Council  ordered  “  Carpenters’ 
tooles  for  six  men,  nayles  of  all  sorts  with  hooks  and  hinges  for 
doors  and  locks  and  of  such  sort  as  the  chief  carpenter  shall 
appoint,  to  build  a  quarter  at  Quabaog ;  ”  and  on  the  25th  the 
committee  was  ordered  to  procure  either  John  Brewer  of  Sud¬ 
bury,  or  John  Coolidge  of  Watertown  to  go  up  with  the  army 
and  build  a  house  or  houses  for  lodging  and  shelter  of  provisions, 
etc.  A  small  garrison  was  established  there  under  Serg’t  William 
Ingraham,  who  writes  the  Council  on  March  21st  for  relief, 
“  men  few  and  discouraged,  need  ammunition,”  etc.  In  answer 
the  Council  sent  up  Capt.  Nathaniel  Graves  of  Charlestown  with 
men  and  horses  laden  with  supplies,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  fol¬ 
lowing  order  from  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  173: 

Att  a  Council  held  at  Boston,  22.  March  1675-6 
It  is  ordered  that  Capt.  Nathaniel  Graves  of  Charlestown  shall  be 
the  Coinander  of  the  Garrison  at  Brookfield  &  all  Inferiour  officers 
and  Souldjers  are  requested  to  be  obedjent  to  him : 

As  the  said  Capt.  Graves  is  ordered  to  take  ye  Comand  of  twenty 
troopers  and  thirty  horses  &  fiveteen  men  besides  wth  the  Carriage 
horses  to  be  Loaden  wth  provision  &  Ammunition  to  be  conveyed  to 
the  Garrison  at  Brookfield  and  after  the  carriages  are  Lodged  there  he 
then  send  backe  the  Troopers  &  Carriage  horses,  dismissing  them  to 


BROOKFIELD  REGARRISONED. 


117 


theire  several  homes,  And  that  W™  Ingram  now  Comander  of  the 
Garrison  at  Brookfield  is  dismissed  after  Capt  Graves  comes  there  who 
is  to  returne  with  the  Troopers  &  Carriages.  It  is  further  ordered 
that  Major  Savage  order  ten  Souldiers  more  to  strengthen  the  Garrison 
at  Brookfield  as  soon  as  he  Can  Conveniently.  And  the  said  Capt. 
Graves  is  ordered  with  all  Convenient  dispatch  to  march  up  to  Brook¬ 
field  wth  the  sayd  Carriages :  dated  in  Boston  as  above. 

pr.  Edwd  Rawson,  Secret’y. 

Warrants  issued  forth  to  the  Constables. 


To  Charlestowne  for  Carriage 

horses,  4  and  2  men 
besides  a  horse  for  Capt  Graves. 
‘  ‘  Cambridge,  Car.  hor.  4  and  2  men 
“Watertown,  “  “  6  “  3  “ 

“  Sudbury,  “  “  6  “  3  “ 

“  Wooburne  “  “  6  “  3  “ 


To  Roxbury ,  Car.  hor.  4  and  2  men 


30  15 

To  Capt.  Prentice  for  7  Troopers. 
To  the  Constable  of  Marlborough 
for  6  Troopers. 

To  Capt.  Davis  for  6  Troopers. 


The  following  letter  is  of  interest  both  for  the  matter  in  hand 
and  to  show  that  garrison  life  in  idleness  is  much  the  same  in 
every  age.  From  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  237. 

Honoured  Govern  er  & 

Sir  we  are  all  In  Indifferent  helth  we  dayly  are  goeing  forth  but 
cannot  see  any  Indians :  our  provissions  dus  spend  apace  And  if  you 
Intend  to  Continue  y8  place  we  must  have  more  prouissions  y‘  wee  have 
may  Last  about  8  or  10  days :  for  my  owne  partt  I  Can  be  Content  wth 
Less  yn  many  of  yr  men  heare :  I  have  eatten  but  Littell  of  your  pro¬ 
vissions  :  I  expect  A  release  by  ye  next  y‘  Cum  up :  for  I  am  not  fit 
for  ys  Employ  being  out  of  my  way  &  know  there  are  many  men  more 
fit  than  I  for  y8  Busines  I  do  not  Apprehend  any  danger  to  Ly  heare 
for  I  Beleave  the  Indians  will  nott  Cum  to  our  Garreson  all  my  feare 
is  of  our  men  y‘  go  Abroad  &  are  not  so  Carefull  as  they  shud  be  we 
have  had  no  damage  yet  y*  makes  us  Secure  if  you  doe  Continue  ye 
men  heare  they  will  wantt  showes  &  Shurtts  And  Linin  drawers  and 
Tobacco  &  A  glace  to  Keap  watch  wth  all  our  discontent  Arises  from 
y‘  now  afore  it  was  want  of  meate  now  we  have  enough  heare  are 
many  would  not  care  if  they  did  stay  there  time  out.  they  ow  there 
masters  here  is  noething  to  doe  but  up  to  play  And  down  to  sleepe  if 
ye  Country  Can  Afoard  to  maynteyn  them  so  :  I  am  Content  rather  to 
bare  my  partt  of  ye  Charge  then  to  play  heare  where  I  Can  do  no  good 
wht  showes  and  other  things  we  had  was  sent  to  hadly  &  I  have  a 
Resayte  for  them  from  ye  Commissarys  wch  I  hoap  w"  discharge  mee 
wch  is  all  y*  offers  att  present  from 

Sir,  your  Seruant  In  what  I  am  abell  &  understand. 

28th  Aparell  1676  Nathaniel  Graves. 

On  May  5th  Serg’t  Ephraim  Savage  was  chosen  to  go  up  to  re¬ 
lieve  Capt.  Graves  with  new  supplies,  and  to  send  home  those 
that  were  sick  or  greatly  needed  at  home,  and  to  take  command 


118 


king  philip’s  war. 

of  the  garrison,  thirty  of  the  men  at  least  to  remain.  Serg’t 
Savage  was  excused  from  the  service  on  account  of  sickness,  and 
Thomas  Walker,  “the  brickmaker,”  was  chosen  in  his  stead.  It 
would  seem,  however,  that  his  health  improved,  for  he  went  with 
a  lieutenant’s  commission  and  wages,  and  the  credit  below  shows 
him  to  have  served,  and  not  Walker.  Of  the  subsequent  history 
of  the  garrison  there  is  no  definite  account,  but  frequent  refer¬ 
ences  to  it  as  a  base  of  supplies,  etc.,  show  it  to  have  been  main¬ 
tained  for  some  time. 

The  following  names  are  credited  with  military  service  at  the 
garrison  at  Brookfield  and  “  Quabaug.” 


June  24,  1676. 

Nathaniel  Partridg. 

05 

08 

00 

John  Ray  man. 

01 

00 

00 

John  Sargent. 

03 

02 

06 

James  Kelling. 

05 

01 

00 

Charles  Duckworth. 

03 

15 

00 

Ezekiel  Levitt. 

01 

04 

00 

John  Cromwell. 

03 

15 

03 

John  Norton. 

01 

09 

00 

John  Norton. 

01 

12 

06 

John  Mansell. 

01 

18 

00 

William  Bodkin. 

04 

12 

06 

July  24,  1676. 

• 

John  Jeffery. 

04 

19 

04 

Joseph  Hide. 

01 

00 

06 

Joseph  Swady. 

04 

12 

06 

Isaac  Perkins. 

01 

01 

04 

Ebenezer  Engellsbee. 

04 

12 

06 

Nicholas  Rawlins. 

00 

07 

00 

Henry  Pellington. 

05 

07 

00 

George  Norton. 

00 

06 

04 

John  Algar. 

03 

02 

06 

Benjamin  Dunnage. 

01 

08 

03 

Thomas  Stacie. 

01 

12 

06 

John  Artsell. 

01 

08 

00 

Sylvester  Haies. 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Scott. 

01 

04 

00 

John  Simple. 

03 

02 

06 

Thomas  Cooper. 

05 

00 

00 

August  24th  1676 

Thomas  Philips. 

05 

03 

06 

John  Cromwell. 

02 

09 

06 

Joseph  Garfell. 

00 

17 

00 

Charles  Duckworth. 

02 

09 

06 

Benjamin  Pickerin. 

04 

10 

00 

Edward  Blancher. 

05 

10 

00 

John  Glide. 

05 

08 

00 

David  Crouch. 

02 

06 

02 

Benjamin  Bucknall. 

04 

15 

00 

David  Jones. 

07 

06 

06 

Ephraim  Savage,  Lt. 

04 

07 

09 

Philip  Sandy. 

05 

08 

00 

Christopher  Cole. 

03 

02 

06 

Thomas  Phillips. 

00 

18 

00 

Charles  Blinco. 

03 

13 

00 

John  Cutler. 

05 

09 

08 

John  Mansell. 

01 

10 

00 

There  is  no  reliable 

evidence 

that  the  town  of  Brookfield  was 

resettled  before  1686  or  7.  Many  families  were  there  before 
1698,  and  a  garrison  house  had  been  built,  when,  on  July  27th  of 
that  year,  a  band  of  twenty-six  Canadian  Indians  attacked  the 
town  and  killed  and  captured  several  of  its  inhabitants. 


MAJOR  SIMON  WILLARD  AND  HIS  MEN. 


OF  all  the  names  that  stand  upon  the  pages  of  New  England 
history,  none  are  more  honored  than  that  of  Major  Simon 
Willard.  His  biography  has  been  written  in  the  “  Willard 
Memoir,”  and  therefore  only  a  brief  outline  will  be  necessary 
here.  He  was  born  at  Horsmonden,  County  of  Kent,  England, 
baptized  April  7,  1605.  He  was  the  son  of  Richard  and  his 
second  wife  Margery.  Simon  married  in  England  Mary  Sharpe, 
of  Horsmonden,  who  bore  him  before  leaving  England  (probably) 
three  children,  and  six  in  New  England.  He  married  for  a 
second  wife  Elizabeth  Dunster,  who  died  six  months  after  her 
marriage  ;  and  a  third  wife,  Mary  Dunster,  who  bore  him  eight 
children,  between  the  years  1649  and  1669.  Simon  Willard  ar¬ 
rived  in  Boston  in  May,  1634,  and  settled  soon  after  at  Cam¬ 
bridge.  He  was  an  enterprising  merchant,  and  dealt  extensively 
in  furs  with  the  various  Indian  tribes,  and  was  the  “  chiefe  in¬ 
strument  in  settling  the  towne  ”  of  Concord,  whither  he  removed 
at  its  first  settlement  in  1635-6,  and  remained  for  many  years  a 
principal  inhabitant  of  that  town.  On  the  organization  of  the 
town  he  was  chosen  to  the  office  of  clerk,  which  lie  held  by  annual 
election  for  nineteen  years.  It  is  said  upon  respectable  authority 
that  he  had  held  the  rank  of  captain  before  leaving  England,  and 
in  Johnson’s  “Wonder  Working  Providences”  he  is  referred  to 
as  “Captain  Simon  Willard  being  a  Kentish  Soldier.”  In  1637 
he  was  commissioned  as  the  Lieutenant-Commandant  of  the  first 
military  company  in  Concord.  At  the  first  election,  December, 
1636,  he  was  chosen  the  town’s  representative  to  the  General 
Court,  and  was  reelected  and  served  constantly  in  that  office  till 
1654,  except  three  years.  In  that  year  he  was  reelected,  but  was 
called  to  other  more  pressing  duties  ;  and  afterwards  to  his  death 
was  Assistant  of  the  Colony.  In  1641  he  was  appointed  super¬ 
intendent  of  the  company  formed  in  the  colony  for  promoting 
trade  in  furs  with  the  Indians,  and  held  thereafter  many  other 
positions  of  trust,  either  by  the  election  of  freemen  or  the  appoint¬ 
ment  of  the  Court,  too  many  to  admit  of  separate  mention  here. 
In  1646  he  was  chosen  Captain  of  the  military  company  which, 
as  Sergeant  and  Lieutenant,  he  had  commanded  from  its  organiza- 


120 


king  philip’s  wak. 


tion.  For  many  years  he  was  a  celebrated  surveyor,  and  in  1652 
was  appointed  on  the  commission  sent  to  establish  the  northern 
bound  of  Massachusetts,  at  the  head  of  Merrimac  River,  and  the 
letters  S  W  upon  the  famous  Bound-Rock  (discovered  many 
years  ago  near  Lake  Winnepesaukee)  were  doubtless  his  initials, 
cut  at  that  time.  In  1653  he  was  chosen  Serjeant-Major,  the 
highest  military  officer  of  Middlesex  County. 

In  October,  1654,  Major  Willard  was  appointed  commander-in¬ 
chief  of  the  military  expedition  against  Ninigret,  Sachem  of  the 
Nyanticks,  as  told  heretofore,  in  the  Introductory  Chapter,  p.  22. 
In  the  settlement  of  the  town  of  Lancaster  Major  Willard  had 
been  of  great  service  to  the  inhabitants,  and  their  appreciation 
was  shown  when,  in  1658,  the  selectmen  wrote  him  an  earnest 
invitation  to  come  and  settle  among  them,  offering  a  generous 
share  in  their  lands  as  inducement.  This  invitation  he  accepted, 
sold  his  large  estate  in  Concord,  and  removed  to  Lancaster,  prob¬ 
ably  in  1659,  and  thence  to  a  large  farm  he  had  acquired  in 
Groton,  about  1671,  at  a  place  called  Nonacoicus. 

At  the  opening  of  “  Philip’s  War,”  Major  Willard,  as  chief 
military  officer  of  Middlesex  County,  was  in  a  station  of  great 
responsibility,  and  was  very  active  in  the  organization  of  the 
colonial  forces.  His  first  actual  participation  in  that  war  was  in 
the  defence  of  Brookfield,  the  particulars  of  which  have  been 
noted.  We  must  admire  this  grand  old  man  of  seventy,  mount¬ 
ing  to  the  saddle  at  the  call  of  the  Court,  and  riding  forth  at  the 
head  of  a  frontier  force  for  the  protection  of  their  towns.  On 
August  4th  he  marched  out  from  Lancaster  with  Capt.  Parker 
and  his  company  of  forty-six  men,  “to  look  after  some  Indians 
to  the  westward  of  Lancaster  and  Groton,”  having  five  friendly 
Indians  along  as  scouts,  and,  receiving  the  message  of  the  dis¬ 
tressed  garrison  at  Brookfield,  promptly  hastened  thither  to  their 
relief,  which  he  accomplished,  as  we  have  seen  in  a  former  chapter. 
Upon  the  alarm  of  the  disaster  at  Brookfield,  a  considerable  force 
soon  gathered  there  from  various  quarters.  Two  companies 
were  sent  up  by  the  Council  at  Boston,  under  Captains  Thomas 
Lathrop  of  Beverly  and  Richard  Beers  of  Watertown,  and 
arrived  at  Brookfield  on  the  7th.  Capt.  Mosely,  also,  who  was 
at  Mendon  with  sixty  dragoons,  marched  with  that  force,  and 
most  of  Capt.  Henchman’s  company,  and  arrived  at  Brookfield 
probably  about  August.  From  Springfield  came  a  Connecticut 
company  of  forty  dragoons  under  Capt.  Thomas  Watts,  of  Hart¬ 
ford,  with  twenty-seven  dragoons  and  ten  Springfield  Indians 
under  Lieut.  Thomas  Cooper,  of  Springfield.  These  forces  for 
several  weeks  scouted  the  surrounding  country  under  Major 
Willard;  the  details  of  which  service  belong  properly  to  the 
accounts  of  the  several  Captains.  In  addition  to  these  were 
forty  “  River  Indians  ”  from  the  vicinity  of  Hartford,  and  thirty 
of  Uncas’s  Indians  under  his  son  Joshua,  who  scouted  with  the 


SOLDIERS  CREDITED  UNDER  MAJOR  WILLARD. 


121 


other  forces.  The  Nipmucks  could  not  be  found,  and  it  was 
afterward  learned  from  the  Indian  guide,  George  Memecho,  cap¬ 
tured  by  the  Nipmucks  in  Wheeler’s  fight,  that  on  their  retreat 
from  Brookfield  on  August  5th,  Philip,  with  about  forty  warriors 
and  many  more  women  and  children,  had  met  them  in  a  swamp 
six  miles  beyond  the  battle  ground,  and  by  presents  to  their 
Sachems  and  otherwise  had  engaged  them  further  in  his  interest ; 
and  all,  probably,  hastened  away  towards  Northfield  and  joined 
the  Pocomptucks,  and  thence  began  to  threaten  the  plantations 
on  the  Connecticut  River.  After  several  days  diligent  search¬ 
ing,  on  August  16th,  Captain  Lathrop’s  and  Beers’s  companies, 
the  latter  reinforced  by  twenty-six  men  from  Capt.  Mosely, 
together  with  most  of  the  Connecticut,  Springfield  and  Indian 
forces,  marched  towards  Hadley  and  the  neighboring  towns, 
while  Mosely  went  towards  Lancaster  and  Chelmsford.  Major 
Willard  remained  for  several  weeks  at  the  garrison.  Mr.  Hub¬ 
bard  and  Capt.  Wheeler  make  this  statement,  and  further  relate 
that  he  soon  after  went  up  to  Hadley  on  the  service  of  the 
country.  I  think  the  visit  to  Hadley  was  after  August  24th,  as 
on  that  date  I  find  a  letter  from  Secretary  Rawson  to  him,  en¬ 
closing  one  to  Major  Pynchon,  and  advising  him  to  ride  up  to 
Springfield  and  visit  Major  Pynchon  “  for  the  encouragement  of 
him  and  his  people.”  The  writer  of  the  “Willard  Memoir” 
states  that  he  was  in  command  of  the  forces  about  Hadley  for 
some  time  in  the  absence  of  Major  Pynchon,  but  I  have  been 
unable  to  find  any  confirmation  of  this,  unless  it  may  be  the 
inference  drawn  from  Hubbard,  who  states  that  when  Major 
Willard  “returned  back  to  his  own  place  to  order  the  affairs  of 
his  own  regiment,  much  needing  his  Presence,”  he  left  “the 
Forces  about  Hadley  under  the  Command  of  the  Major  of  that 
Regiment.”  The  letter  above  contained  directions  about  the 
disposal  of  his  forces,  etc.,  which  would  naturally  take  several 
weeks  to  accomplish,  and  although  the  precise  date  of  Major 
Willard’s  return  from  Brookfield  is  not  given,  some  inference 
may  be  drawn  from  circumstances  noted  further  on.  Following 
is  the  list  of  those  credited  with  service  under  Major  Willard, 
from  August  7th  to  January  25th,  1675: 


August  7th,  1675 


Richard  Keatts. 

01 

02 

00 

Sept  17 

Thomas  Hincher. 

04 

00 

00 

Sept  21flt 

Jonathan  Prescott. 

00 

14 

00 

John  Divall. 

00 

11 

00 

Sept  28th 

James  Parker,  Capt. 

01 

02 

00 

James  Knap,  Sergi. 

03 

00 

00 

James  Fisk. 

00 

16 

09 

Matthias  Farnsworth. 

00 

12 

06 

John  Tarball. 

02 

03 

00 

Lot  Johnson. 

02 

04 

06 

Onesiphorus  Stanley. 

02 

04 

06 

Josiah  Parker. 

00 

11 

00 

Samuel  Davis. 

00 

11 

00 

James  Nutting. 

00 

11 

00 

October  5th 

Paul  Fletcher. 

02 

10 

00 

Edward  Foster. 

02 

10 

00 

John  Barrett. 

02 

10 

00 

122 

KING 

Philip’s  war. 

Gershom  Procter. 

02 

10 

00 

John  Jefts  (or  Jeffers). 

02 

03 

04 

Ephraim  Hildred. 

02 

07 

00 

Anthony  Hancock. 

01 

01 

06 

Jonathan  Chrisp. 

01 

04 

06 

Nov.  20th. 

John  Heale. 

04 

15 

06 

John  Brookes. 

02 

04 

06 

John  Hawes. 

04 

00 

00 

Simon  Willard,  Major. 

10 

00 

00 

James  Smedly. 

04 

00 

00 

John  Bateman. 

03 

00 

00 

Thomas  Tally. 

04 

00 

00 

Paul  Fletcher. 

02 

01 

00 

Josiah  Wheeler. 

02 

17 

00 

John  Coddington. 

03 

00 

00 

October  19  th  1675 

John  Gleason. 

02 

03 

00 

Thomas  Rogers. 

02 

07 

04 

Daniel  Lincolne. 

01 

05 

08 

John  Shead. 

02 

02 

04 

William  Wade. 

02 

03 

00 

Benjamin  Simmons. 

03 

06 

08 

William  Kerby. 

00 

12 

00 

Simon  Willard,  Major . 

30 

00 

00 

Consider  Atherton. 

00 

15 

00 

Humphrey  Jones  alias 

a 

o 

CO 

> 

o 

Johnson. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Brookes. 

00 

11 

04 

Josiah  White. 

00 

12 

00 

Edward  Wright. 

00 

10 

00 

Daniel  Gaines. 

00 

12 

00 

Abraham  Cousens. 

01 

05 

02 

Ephraim  Sawyer. 

00 

12 

00 

Dec.  20 

Daniel  Adams. 

00 

08 

00 

John  Severy. 

00 

10 

02 

Thomas  Beamon. 

00 

08 

00 

January  25.  1675 

-6 

% 

Simon  Willard.1 

03 

00 

00 

Philip  Read,  Doctor. 
John  Smith. 

09 

07 

04 

Samuel  Cleaveland. 

03 

06 

04 

02 

06 

04 

John  Bateman. 

03 

15 

00 

The  foregoing  list  of  credits  I  presume  to  embrace  the  company 
of  Capt.  Parker,  who  marched  with  Major  Willard  to  the  relief  of 
Brookfield  on  August  4th.  I  judge  that  Capt.  Parker,  with  some 
sixteen  or  more  of  these  men,  returned  to  Groton  before  August 
16th,  as  on  that  date  Capt.  Mosely  had  sent  twelve  men  to  Groton 
to  help  secure  the  town  ;  and  Capt.  Parker  writes  the  Council  on 
August  25th  about  their  affairs,  asking  for  arms  and  ammuni¬ 
tion,  as  they  are  expecting  an  attack  upon  the  town.  Those  that 
went  back  with  him  were  very  likely  Groton  men,  and  it  is  prob¬ 
able  are  represented  by  the  smaller  credits.  Capt.  Parker  acknowl¬ 
edges  the  receipt  of  twenty  men  from  Capt.  Mosely  and  Major 
Willard,  and  these  were,  doubtless,  in  addition  to  the  number  of 
his  own  men  that  returned  with  him.  The  rest  of  his  company 
remained  with  Major  Willard,  as  may  be  shown  by  their  larger 
credits. 

From  a  paper  which  was  presented  to  the  Court  after  Major 
Willard’s  death,  in  statement  of  his  unpaid  services  and  expenses 
for  the  government,  it  appears  that 

From  the  20th  of  September  (1675)  till  the  18th  of  April  (1676),  the 
Major  was  employed  about  the  country  business,  Settling  of  Garrisons 
in  towns,  and  settling  of  Indians  at  Concord  and  Chelmsford,  and  other 
business,  etc. 

The  paper  is  given  in  full  in  the  “  Willard  Memoir,”  and  shows 

1  The  Major’s  son.  His  horse  was  killed  at  Brookfield,  for  which  the  Court  allowed  £3  in 
October,  1676. 


MAJOR  WILLARD  STRENGTHENS  MIDDLESEX  TOWNS. 


123 


that  this  was  a  time  of  constant  anxiety  and  activity  in  those 
towns,  and  that  the  Major’s  house  at  Nonacoicus  (in  the  town  of 
Groton,  now  within  the  town  of  Ayer)  was  a  place  of  frequent 
rendezvous  for  the  troops  passing  hither  and  thither,  and  of  en¬ 
tertainment  to  those  who  come  to  the  Major  on  the  country’s 
business. 

On  September  8th  the  Council  issued  an  order  to  Cornet 
Thomas  Brattle  and  Lieut.  Thomas  Henchman  to  march  to 
Chelmsford  with  fifty  men,  collected,  thirty  from  Norfolk  and 
twenty  from  Middlesex  Counties,  and  distribute  them  in  the  gar¬ 
risons  in  the  frontier  towns  of  Groton,  Lancaster  and  Dunstable. 
This  order  was  probably  in  answer  to  Capt.  Parker’s  appeal  of 
August  25th.  The  men  were  to  be  left  under  the  command  of 
the  chief  officers  in  each  town ;  and  as  Major  Willard  is  not 
referred  to  at  all,  it  would  seem  probable  that  he  had  not  yet 
returned  from  Brookfield ;  but  some  time  before  September  20th 
he  was  at  home  ;  and  when  Capt.  Henchman  was  sent,  about  that 
date,  to  organize  an  expedition  to  Pennacook  with  orders  to  with¬ 
draw  eighty  men  from  the  several  garrisons  before  mentioned,  he 
was  instructed  to  meet  Major  Willard  at  his  home,  and  consult 
with  him  and  the  chief  officers  of  the  several  garrisons  as  to  the 
expedition.  This  meeting  took  place  on  September  25th,  and  on 
the  same  day  Major  Willard,  together  with  officers  Adams,  Parker 
and  Kidder,  addressed  a  remonstrance  to  the  Council  against  the 
withdrawal  of  so  many  of  their  soldiers.  Capt.  Henchman  re¬ 
ports  the  same  meeting  in  his  letter  of  Sept.  27th.  The  Council, 
for  various  reasons,  concurred  with  the  Major,  and  the  expedi¬ 
tion  was  abandoned. 

For  the  succeeding  months  Major  Willard  was  busily  engaged 
in  ordering  the  defences  of  the  Middlesex  frontier  towns  and 
settling  the  various  bodies  of  friendly  Indians.  Garrisons  were 
maintained  at  Lancaster,  Chelmsford,  Groton  and  Dunstable,  and 
the  entire  available  force  of  the  county  was  kept  in  a  “  posture  of 
war.”  During  the  time  that  the  army  of  the  colony  was  absent 
at  Narraganset,  there  is  evidence  from  frequent  letters,  petitions, 
etc.,  from  these  frontier  towns,  that  the  people  felt  comparatively 
secure ;  but  when  Canonchet,  after  the  Narraganset  fight,  fleeing 
with  his  surviving  warriors,  came  into  the  vicinity,  their  fears 
were  newly  aroused,  especially  when,  about  February  6th,  the 
army  abandoned  the  pursuit,  leaving  the  Indians  in  the  woods 
about  Brookfield,  and,  returning  to  Boston,  were  disbanded.  The 
Council,  not  insensible  to  the  danger  which  thus  threatened 
these  towns,  immediately  issued  orders  to  Major  Willard  to  raise 
a  large  force  of  dragoons  to  scout  in  front  of  the  towns  of  Groton, 
Lancaster,  etc.,  to  Marlborough.  This  plan  met  with  immediate 
remonstrance  from  the  towns,  and  appeals  were  at  once  made  to 
the  Council  against  the  measure,  as  it  withdrew  many  from  the 
garrisons  to  a  great  distance  for  days  together,  leaving  them 


124 


KING  PHILIP'S  WAR. 


exposed  to  sudden  incursions  from  the  prowling  and  watchful 
enemy. 

At  this  time  Major  Willard  was  so  busy  ordering  the  defences 
of  the  towns  that  he  was  unable  to  take  his  seat  in  the  Council, 
and  sent  them  a  letter  of  explanation.  This  letter  is  not  found 
in  the  archives,  but  the  answer  of  the  Council  is  as  follows,  giv¬ 
ing  some  idea  of  the  contents  : 

Sir.  The  Council  received  your  letter  and  are  sorry  for  your 
excuse  for  not  coining  to  the  Council  by  reason  of  the  State  of  Lancas¬ 
ter,  which  we  desire  you  to  endeavor  to  the  utmost  of  your  power  to 
relieve  and  succour.  We  are  useing  our  best  endeavours  to  prepare 
more  forces  to  send  to  distress  the  enemy.  You  shall  hear  more  from 
us  speedily,  and  in  the  interim  we  desire  you  to  be  in  readiness  if  you 
should  have  a  full  command  over  the  forces  to  be  sent  forth  from  the 
Colony.  E  R  Secy 

11  Feb.  1675. 

The  Council’s  letter  was  written  the  day  after  the  attack  upon 
Lancaster,  of  which  evidently  they  had  not  heard.  Major  Willard 
was  probably  at  this  time  at  Groton  or  Chelmsford,  where  an 
attack  was  daily  expected,  doing  all  in  his  power  with  the  small 
force  at  his  command  to  protect  these  towns  from  surprisal. 
After  the  attack  upon  Lancaster,  a  large  party  of  the  Indians 
swept  down  towards  Plymouth  Colony,  taking  Medfield  on  the 
way,  February  21st,  and  for  the  time  distracting  attention  from 
the  main  body,  which,  as  soon  became  evident,  were  still  in 
the  vicinity  of  “Wachusett  Hills.”  On  February  19th  Major 
Willard  and  Capt.  Parker,  in  behalf  of  the  people  of  Groton,  sent 
an  earnest  appeal  to  the  Council  for  help  and  advice.  On  the 
21st  the  Major  was  present  at  the  sitting  of  the  Court  at  Boston, 
and  remained  during  the  session.  He  was  at  Cambridge  on 
March  4th,  and  certainly  did  not  return  to  Groton  till  after 
March  7th,  as  on  that  day  he  was  at  the  Court  of  Assistants.  It 
was  probably  by  his  endeavors  that  a  levy  was  ordered  to  be 
made  on  Norfolk  and  Essex  Counties  (forty-eight  from  Essex 
and  forty  from  Norfolk).  These  forces  were  hastily  collected, 
and  under  the  stress  of  the  news  of  the  attack  upon  Groton  were 
placed  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Joseph  Cook,  of  Cambridge, 
and  ordered  to  report  to  Major  Willard  at  Groton  at  once.  This 
action  was  taken  by  Major  Gookin  and  Thomas  Danforth,  two 
members  of  the  Council  living  at  Cambridge,  and  was  approved 
by  the  Council  at  their  next  meeting,  March  16th. 

On  March  9th  the  Indians  again  appeared  at  Groton,  doing 
some  mischief,  and  again  on  the  13th  in  full  force,  and  destroyed 
all  the  houses  in  town  except  the  garrison  houses,  and  one  even 
of  these,  from  which,  however,  the  people  had  escaped.  I  think 
that  Major  Willard  marched  up  from  Watertown  with  Capt. 
Cook’s  force  on  the  12th  or  13th,  and  arrived  at  Groton  on  the 
14th,  as  the  Indians  retired  on  that  day,  apparently  aware  of  the 


INDIANS  ASSAULT  GROTON. 


125 


approaching  force.  The  people  got  safely  within  their  garrisons 
before  the  attack,  and  but  one  man,  probably  John  Nutting,  was 
killed.  The  town  was  abandoned  within  a  few  days,  and  the 
inhabitants  removed  to  the  towns  nearer  the  coast.  Major  Wil¬ 
lard,  with  his  family,  removed  to  Charlestown.  It  is  likely  that  he 
had  removed  his  family  some  time  before  the  destruction  of  his 
house,  on  the  13th,  as  that  stood  in  an  exposed  position,  and 
his  son  Samuel  Willard,  the  minister  of  Groton,  had  another  of 
the  garrisoned  houses. 

The  Indians  were  greatly  elated  at  their  success  at  Groton,  and 
threatened  to  attack  and  destroy  all  the  towns,  including  even 
Boston,  and  Major  Willard’s  orders  were,  after  relieving  Groton, 
to  scout  back  and  forth  to  protect  the  neighboring  towns,  espe¬ 
cially  Chelmsford  and  Marlborough.  The  business  of  the  removal 
of  the  people  of  Groton  was  committed  to  Capt.  Joseph  Sill,  of 
Cambridge,  who  went  up  with  troops  and  some  sixty  carts  for 
that  purpose.  This  design  was  successfully  carried  out,  although 
the  force  guarding  the  long  line  of  carts  was  so  small,  and  an 
ambush  was  laid  and  an  attack  made  upon  the  advance  from  a 
very  advantageous  position.  Two  of  the  “  vaunt  Carriers  ”  were 
mortally  wounded,  but  the  English  were  promptly  drawn  up  for 
battle,  and  after  a  few  shots  the  enemy  retired  before  their  well- 
aimed  volleys.  In  the  mean  time  Major  Willard,  and  his  Essex 
and  Norfolk  men,  were  not  idle,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  following 
account,  prepared  by  him,  of  his  movements  from  March  21st  to 
the  29th.  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  186. 

A  short  narrative  of  what  I  have  attended  unto  by  the  Councill  of 
late,  since  I  went  to  relieve  Groatton.  The  21 :  1 :  75-76,  I  went  to 
Concord,  and  divided  the  troope  committed  unto  me  from  Essex  & 
Norfolke  into  three  pts  one  to  garde  the  carte,  pressed  from  Sudbury, 
one  pt  for  ye  carte  pressed  from  concord,  both  to  Lancaster,  one  pt  for 
ye  carte  that  went  from  Charlestowne  &  Wattertowne  that  went  vol- 
intiers  or  wear  hiered  when  I  had  sent  them  to  their  severall  places  I 
came  downe  being  the  22  :  1 :  75-6  :  &  went  to  concord  the  25  :  1 :  75, 
when  I  came  there  &  inquired  how  it  was  with  Lancaster  the  answer 
was  they  weare  in  distresse,  I  prsently  sent  40  horse  thither  to  fetch 
awaye  corne,  and  I  went  that  night  to  Chellmsfoord  to  se  how  it  was 
with  them,  they  complayned,  Billerikye  Bridge,  stood  in  great  need  of 
beinge  fortified,  I  ordered  that  to  be  don,  allso  they  told  me,  that  the 
Indians  made  two  great  rafte  of  board  &  rayles,  that  they  had  gott, 
that  laye  at  the  other  syd  of  the  river,  I  ordered  20  souldiers  to  go 
over  &  take  them,  &  towe  them  downe  the  River,  or  prserve  them  as 
they  se  cause,  the  27  of  this  instant  I  went  from  Chellmsford  to  con¬ 
cord  agayne  when  I  came  there,  the  troopers  that  I  sent  to  Lancaster 
last  had  brought  away  all  the  people  there,  but  had  left  about  80 
bushells  of  wheat  &  Indian  corne,  yesterday  I  sent :  40 :  horses  or 
more  to  fetch  it  away,  &  came  down  from  concord,  this  day  I  ex¬ 
pect  they  will  be  at  concord,  Some  of  the  troope  I  relesed  when  this 
last  worke  was  don,  the  other  I  left  order  to  scout  abroad  untill  they 
heare  from  me  agayne,  I  thought  it  not  meet  to  relese  men,  when  we 


126 


king  philip’s  war. 


stand  in  need  of  men,  my  desire  is  to  know  what  I  shall  do  herin  in, 
concord  &  Chelmsford  look  every  day  to  be  fired,  and  wold  have  more 
men  but  know  not  how  to  keepe  them,  nor  paye  them,  your  humble 
servant.  Simon  Willard  29:1:76. 


The  troops  that  went  up  from  Norfolk  and  Essex  were  credited 
under  their  special  officers,  and  will  there  appear.  The  following 
are  those  who  receive  credit  under  Major  Willard,  and  are  those 
probably  who  were  employed  in  scouting  with  him  in  the  early 
part  of  the  winter. 


Credited  under  Major  Willard. 


February  29th 


Thomas  Wheeler 

02 

16 

08 

June  24th 

Edward  Young. 

01 

04 

00 

July  24th 

John  Bush 

01 

04 

00 

Isaac  Fellows. 

01 

05 

06 

Samuel  Ingolls. 

01 

10 

10 

Samuel  Bishop. 

01 

10 

00 

August  24th 

William  Green. 

00 

08 

06 

Phinias  Sprague 

00 

07 

00 

John  Green 

00 

07 

00 

John  Dexter. 

00 

07 

00 

Samuel  Green. 

00 

07 

00 

Joseph  Wilson. 

00 

07 

00 

John  Lind. 

00 

07 

00 

Thomas  Newell. 

00 

07 

00 

John  Sprague. 

00 

07 

00 

Thomas  Munge. 

00 

07 

00 

Peter  Towne. 

00 

07 

06 

Thomas  Wheeler,  jr. 

04 

00 

00 

William  Price,  jr. 

01 

07 

04 

September  23d 

Francis  Whitmore. 

00 

10 

00 

Daniel  Go  wen. 

01 

17 

04 

On  March  29th  Major  Willard  was  in  his  seat  at  the  Court  of 
Assistants,  and  his  family  was  then  living  at  Charlestown.  He 
was  also  at  the  session  of  the  County  Court  at  Cambridge  at  its 
session  beginning  April  4th.  On  the  11th  he  was  reelected  as 
Assistant,  having  the  highest  number  of  votes  cast  for  any  magis¬ 
trate  except  the  governor  and  deputy  governor.  He  was  con¬ 
stantly  engaged  in  his  public  duties  until  April  18th,  when  he 
retired  to  his  home  and  was  struck  down  it  is  thought  by  an 
“epidemical  cold”  which  was  then  raging,  and  on  April  24th 
“  died  in  his  bed  in  peace,  though  God  had  honoured  him  with 
several  signal  victories  over  our  enemies  in  war,”  says  a  con¬ 
temporary  historian.  No  man  was  ever  more  fully  or  more  de¬ 
servedly  honored  in  life  and  death  than  Major  Willard.  His 
funeral  at  Charlestown  on  April  27th  was  an  occasion  of  great 
pomp  for  that  time,  six  military  companies  parading  under  com¬ 
mand  of  Capt.  Henchman ;  and  his  death  created  profound  sorrow 
far  and  wide.  There  are  numerous  references  to  his  death  and 
funeral  in  the  literature,  records  and  MS.  journals  of  that  day.  His 
family  was  reimbursed  for  his  great  expense  and  services,  in  1677  ; 
and  again  in  1681  a  grant  of  land  of  one  thousand  acres  was  set 
aside  for  his  six  youngest  children  when  they  should  come  of  age. 

He  left  a  numerous  posterity,  many  of  whom  have  held  honor¬ 
able  positions  in  succeeding  generations.  His  widow  married 
Deacon  Joseph  Noyes  of  Sudbury,  July  14,  1680,  and  died  in 
that  town,  December,  1715. 


CAPT.  RICHARD  BEERS,  CAPT.  THOMAS  LATHROP, 
AND  THEIR  COMPANIES. 


T)  ICHARD  BEERS  was  admitted  freeman  at  Watertown, 
XL  March  9, 1637,  was  granted  a  license  to  “keep  an  ordinary” 
in  Watertown  in  1654,  and  continued  that  business  during 
his  life.  He  was  representative  to  the  General  Court  thirteen  years, 
and  selectman  of  Watertown  thirty-one  years,  holding  both  offices 
at  the  time  of  his  marching  to  Brookfield,  August  6th,  1675. 
Before  leaving  home  on  that  day  he  made  a  nuncupatory  will, 
proved  Oct.  5,  1675.  He  left  a  widow  Elizabeth,  and  their  chil¬ 
dren  were  Sarah,  1st,  died  before  Oct.  10,  1639;  Sarah,  2d 
(born  probably  about  1641)  ;  Mary,  born  March  10, 1643 ;  Eliezur 
administered  jointly  with  Capt.  Richard’s  widow  Elizabeth  upon 
his  estate  in  1682,  married,  April  21,  1690,  widow  Susanna  (Har¬ 
rington)  Cutting,  and  died  without  issue,  Dec.  5,  1701 ;  Judith, 
born  March  26,  1646 ;  Jabez,  born  August  4,  1651 ;  Elnathan, 
married  about  1681  Sarah  Tainter  ;  Elizabeth ;  Richard,  born  Oct. 
22,  1659  ;  and  Abigail,  born  April,  1662.  From  Hull’s  Journal  I 
find  that  Eliezur  served  under  Capt.  Cutler  in  1676.  Elnathan 
was  sergeant  in  his  father’s  company  in  the  west,  and  afterwards 
served  under  Capt.  Sill.  Capt.  Beers’s  age  was  probably  about  63. 

A  little  light  may  be  thrown  upon  the  history  of  Capt.  Beers 
by  the  following  petition  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  page  163 : 

To  the  Governour,  etc.,  etc.  Humble  Petition  of  Richd  Beeres  of 
Watertown. 

Whereas  your  petitioner  hath  bin  an  Inhabitant  of  this  jurisdiction 
ever  since  the  first  beginning  thereof  &  according  to  his  weake  abillities 
served  the  same  not  only  in  times  of  peace  But  allsoe  wth  his  person  in 
pequod  warr  in  two  severall  designes  when  the  Lord  delivered  them  into 
our  hands  as  allsoe  uppon  his  returne  such  a  weaknesse  fell  uppon  his 
boddy  that  for  Eaight  years  Space  he  was  disinabled  to  labor  for  his 
ffamyly  Spending  a  (grat)  ?  part  of  that  little  hee  had  uppon  Phesitions 
&  having  hitherto  had  not  any  land  of  the  Country  &  of  the  Towne 
but  one  Acre  and  a  halfe  besides  that  he  hath  purchased,  Humbly  desires 
this  Honoured  Court  to  Grant  him  Such  a  parcell  of  land  (where  he 


128 


king  philip’s  war. 


can  find  it  in  this  wilderness)  as  shall  seem  meet  to  this  Honoured 
Courte,  and  the  rather  Seeing  he  hath  many  children  to  share  in  the 
Same  which  shall  further  ingage  him  for  the  future.  As  in  duty  hee  is 
bound  to  Serve  &  Honor  Yr  in  the  Lord. 

October  24,  1665. 

It  will  be  noted  that  in  the  first  campaign  to  Mount  Hope  the 
troops  were  drawn  almost  wholly  from  the  vicinity  of  Boston,  Suf¬ 
folk  and  Middlesex  counties.  In  the  latter  part  of  July  a  levy  had 
been  made  in  Essex,  and  when  on  August  4th  or  5th  the  news  of 
the  disaster  at  Brookfield  came  to  the  Council,  the  company  from 
Salem  and  vicinity  was  summoned  and  sent  up  to  the  relief  of  the 
distressed  garrison,  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Lathrop,  and 
another  company  from  Watertown  under  Capt.  Beers.  Accord¬ 
ing  to  Capt.  Wheeler,  these  troops  arrived  at  Brookfield  on  Satur¬ 
day  afternoon,  August  7th,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  troops  sent 
up  from  Hartford  and  Springfield  arrived  later,  perhaps  the  same 
evening.  It  is  possible  that  it  was  on  Monday,  9th,  or  Tuesday, 
that  the  troops  in  force  marched  out  to  “  Meminimisset,  where 
Capt.  Hutchinson  and  Capt.  Wheeler  were  assaulted,”  and  having 
found  no  signs  of  Indians  in  the  vicinity,  the  company  from  Spring- 
field  left  the  others  and  marched  northward  and  around  to 
Springfield  again,  while  the  rest  returned  to  Brookfield.  The 
English  were  sorely  puzzled  as  to  the  whereabouts  of  the  Indians, 
and  continued  scouting  for  several  days  in  the  vicinity  of  Brook¬ 
field,  probably  as  far  as  Hadley,  knowing  that  Philip  had  now 
joined  the  Nipmucks,  and  fearing  that  the  main  body  of  the  Indians 
were  at  no  great  distance.  Gardiner’s  bill,  given  below,  indicates 
Lathrop’s  presence  at  Hadley,  August  12,  but  within  two  days 
he  was  again  at  Brookfield.  There,  being  recruited  by  the  large 
force  that  came  up  with  Capt.  Mosely  from  Mendon,  an  advance 
in  force  was  resolved  upon,  and  on  Aug.  15th,  Capts.  Lathrop 
and  Beers  with  their  companies  marched  by  way  of  Meminimisset 
to  Springfield.  Capt.  Mosely  with  his  troops  accompanied  them 
as  far  as  the  swamp,  the  scene  of  Wheeler’s  fight,  where  he  sep¬ 
arated  from  them  and  marched  away  towards  Chelmsford  and 
Lancaster,  leaving  twenty-six  of  his  men  to  recruit  the  company 
of  Capt.  Beers.  The  troops  under  Capts.  Lathrop  and  Beers, 
joined  at  Springfield  by  the  forces  under  Capt.  Watts,  together 
with  the  Connecticut  Indians,  spent  several  days  exploring  the 
country  up  along  Swift  River  and  the  Connecticut,  without  find¬ 
ing  the  Indians,  and  on  Aug.  22d,  as  we  learn  from  Major  Pyn- 
chon’s  letter  to  the  Connecticut  Council,  the  Massachusetts  troops 
had  returned  to  Brookfield  again,  and  Capt.  Watts  with  his  forces 
was  at  Hadley. 

On  August  23d  Lathrop  and  Beers  had  again  joined  Watts  at 
Hadley,  and  at  a  council  of  war  held  on  that  day  it  was  resolved 
to  disarm  the  Hadley  Indians  who  had  gathered  at  their  fort  on 


LATHROP  AND  BEERS  AT  WEQUAMPS. 


129 


the  west  side  of  the  river,  about  half-way  between  Hatfield  and 
Northampton.  Preparations  were  made  for  carrying  out  this 
design  on  the  24th.  Messengers  were  despatched  to  Northamp¬ 
ton  to  secure  the  cooperation  of  the  force  there,  which  was  to 
move  as  near  to  the  Indian  fort  as  possible,  unperceived,  while 
Capts.  Lathrop  and  Beers  crossed  the  river  to  Hatfield,  to 
approach  the  fort  from  that  side.  In  the  meantime  peaceful 
demands  had  been  made  upon  the  Indians  to  deliver  up  their 
arms,  and  one  of  their  sachems  had  come  before  the  council  to 
present  their  objections ;  and  it  is  probable  that  many  of  their  old 
men  and  others  of  their  tribe  were  in  favor  of  submission,  but 
were  overruled,  and  before  the  English  had  completed  their  prep¬ 
arations  it  was  found  that  the  Indians  had  all  escaped,  having 
killed  one  old  sachem,  who,  it  is  said,  opposed  the  flight  and 
refused  to  join  it. 

The  Indians  fled  on  the  night  of  the  24th,  and  on  the  morning 
of  the  25th,  Capts.  Lathrop  and  Beers,  with  one  hundred  men, 
pursued  them,  coming  upon  them  unexpectedly  “  at  a  place  called 
Sugar-Loaf  Hill,”  “about  ten  miles  above  Hatfield,”  according  to 
Mr.  Hubbard ;  “  at  a  swamp  beyond  Hatfield,”  says  Mr.  Bussell  of 
Hadley,  writing  soon  after.  “  The  place  is  now  unknown,”  says 
the  late  eminent  historian  of  Hadley,  Mr.  Judd ;  while  Messrs. 
Temple  and  Sheldon,  the  careful  historians  of  Northfield,  locate 
the  scene  “in  a  swamp  just  south  of  Mt.  Wequamps,  in  the 
present  town  of  Whately.”  Here  an  engagement  ensued,  which 
is  most  reliably  described  perhaps  by  the  following  extract  from 
a  letter  written  by  Rev.  Solomon  Stoddard  of  Northampton,  on 
Sept.  15th,  1675,  to  Rev.  Increase  Mather  of  Boston: 

They  (the  English)  intended  to  parley  with  the  Indians,  but  on  a 
sudden  the  Indians  let  fly  about  forty  guns  at  them,  and  were  soon 
answered  with  a  volley  from  our  men  ;  about  forty  ran  down  into  the 
swamp  after  them,  poured  in  shot  among  them,  made  them  throw  down 
much  of  their  baggage,  and  after  a  while  our  men,  after  the  Indian 
manner,  got  behind  trees  and  watched  their  opportunities  to  make  shots 
at  them.  The  fight  continued  about  three  hours  ;  we  lost  six  men  upon 
the  ground,  though  one  was  shot  in  the  back  by  our  own  men ;  a 
seventh  died  of  his  wound  coming  home,  and  two  died  the  next  night, 
nine  in  all,  of  nine  several  towns,  every  one  of  these  towns  lost  a  man. 
Of  the  Indians,  as  we  hear  since  by  a  squaw  that  was  taken,  and  by 
three  children  that  came  to  our  town  from  them  the  day  after,  there 
were  slain  twenty-six.  .  .  . 

From  Mr.  Russell’s  “  List  of  the  men  slain  in  the  County  of 
Hampshire,”  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  88,  from  another  list  in 
vol.  67,  p.  254,  and  from  various  other  sources,  it  is  judged  that 
the  following  is  a  correct  account  of  the  killed  at  this  fight 
of  August  25th : 


130 


king  philip’s  war. 


Samuel  Mason  of  Northampton. 
James  Levins  of  Roxbury? 
Azariah  Dickinson  of  Hadley. 
Richard  Fellows  of  Hatfield. 
*John  Plumer  of  Newbury. 


*Mark  Pitman  of  Marblehead. 

*  Joseph  Person  of  Lynn. 

*  Matthew  Scales  of  Rowley. 
William  Cluffe  of  Charlestown. 
Edward  Jackson  of  Cambridge 

(perhaps). 


[*  Were  of  Capt.  Lathrop’s  company.] 


After  this  skirmish  the  Indians  made  good  their  escape  and 
probably  joined  the  Pocomtuck  tribe  then  living  near  Deerfield 
river.  The  English  marched  back  to  Hatfield,  and  thence 
crossed  to  Hadley,  where  other  troops  from  Connecticut  and 
from  the  East  were  gathering,  expecting  a  general  attack  from 
the  main  body  of  the  Indians,  now  believed  to  be  concentrated 
at  Paquoag  (Athol).  Nothing,  however,  was  done  by  the  Indians 
until  Sept.  1st,  when  the  Pocomtucks,  now  joined  by  the  Nor- 
wottucks  (or  Hadley  Indians),  fell  upon  Deerfield,  where  but  a 
small  garrison  was  stationed,  burned  most  of  the  houses,  and 
killed  one  of  the  garrison,  James  Eggleston,  of  Windsor,  Conn., 
of  Capt.  Watts’s  Company.  In  Mr.  Russell’s  list  the  name  of 
Nathaniel  Cornberry  is  given  also  as  slain  at  Deerfield,  but  it  was 
probably  later,  perhaps  on  the  12th,  when  Mr.  Stoddard  relates 
another  assault  upon  some  of  the  people  going  to  meeting,  of 
whom  one  was  taken  alive  by  the  Indians. 

Hadley  was  at  this  time  the  headquarters  of  the  English,  and 
probably  Capts.  Lathrop  and  Beers,  with  their  companies,  were 
there  on  September  1st.  It  is  certain  that  they  were  there  on 
the  2d,  and  were  organizing  a  force  to  bring  off  the  garrison  at 
Northfield.  But  on  that  day  (Thursday,  Sept.  2d),  while  this 
expedition  was  in  preparation,  and  the  Northfield  people  and 
the  garrison  soldiers  were  abroad  in  the  fields  at  work,  a  large 
body  of  Indians  suddenly  fell  upon  that  town,  killed  many  of 
the  people  as  they  fled  from  their  homes  and  fields  towards  the 
garrison,  burned  all  their  exposed  houses  and  destroyed  cattle 
and  crops.  There  were  sixteen  families  in  the  town.  The 
English  killed  at  this  time,  according  to  Russell’s  list,  were  eight : 


Sergt.  Samuel  Write.  (Wright) 
Jonathan  Jeans.  (Janes) 
Ebenezer  Parsons. 

Benjamin  Dinwick.  (Dunwich) 


Ebenezer  Jeans.  (Janes) 
Nathaniel  Curtis. 

Thomas  Scott. 

John  Peck. 


In  the  history  of  Northfield  (by  Temple  and  Sheldon)  is 
additional  information.  Sergt.  Wright,  aged  45,  the  Janeses, 
sons  of  Elder  William  Janes,  aged  respectively  16  and  14,  were 
all  of  Northfield ;  Parsons,  aged  20,  and  Curtis,  were  of  North¬ 
ampton  ;  Peck  was  of  Hadley ;  Scott,  Ipswich  ?  and  Dunwich, 
residence  unknown,  perhaps  identical  with  Benjamin  Dunnage, 


CAPT.  BEER’S  COMPANY  AMBUSHED. 


131 


credited  at  Brookfield.  But  one  Indian  was  known  to  have  been 
killed. 

Hadley  was  thirty  miles  from  Northfield,  and,  unaware  of  this 
assault,  Capt.  Beers,  on  the  next  morning,  Friday,  Sept.  3d,  set 
forthwith  thirty-six  mounted  men  and  one  ox  team,  on  his  march 
to  bring  off  the  garrison  and  people.  The  march  was  slow  and 
toilsome,  and  darkness  came  upon  them  when  still  three  or  four 
miles  from  Northfield,  and  they  were  obliged  to  encamp  for  the 
night.  It  is  supposed  that  the  camping  was  near  the  small  stream 
called  “  Four-mile  brook.”  Early  on  the  morning  of  Saturday 
the  4th,  Capt.  Beers  with  most  of  his  force  started  on  foot,  and 
leaving  the  horses  at  the  camp  with  a  small  guard,  and  taking 
the  team  with  stores  and  ammunition,  advanced  towards  the 
town,  still  ignorant  of  the  previous  day’s  assault,  and,  it  seems, 
entirely  unsuspicious  of  an  enemy  in  the  vicinity.  The  best  au¬ 
thority  for  the  scene  and  circumstances  of  the  engagement  is 
probably  the  history  of  Northfield  above  mentioned,  which  I  fol¬ 
low.  “  He  appears  to  have  kept  up  on  the  high  plain  till  he  came 
in  sight  of  the  little  brook,  now  known  as  Saw-mill  brook.  The 
ravine  was  now  covered  with  a  rank  growth  of  grass  and  ferns, 
and  the  leaves  were  thick  on  the  young  trees.”  It  was  at  this 
place  that  the  Indians  had  placed  their  ambuscade.  He  advanced 
across  the  brook  by  the  accustomed  fording  place,  and  just  at  the 
passage,  and  when  his  company  was  most  exposed,  was  furiously 
attacked  in  front  and  flank,  and  all  were  thrown  into  great  con¬ 
fusion,  but  soon  rallied  and  fought  bravely  for  their  lives,  but 
were  forced  back  by  superior  numbers  some  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  to  a  narrow  ravine  on  the  south  of  a  hill  now  known  as 
“  Beers’s  Hill.”  Here  a  stand  was  made,  and  here  the  little  band 
fought  about  their  leader,  with  the  courage  of  desperation,  till 
their  ammunition  was  exhausted  and  the  captain  with  nearly 
every  man  had  fallen ;  only  a  few  escaped,  joined  the  guard  left 
behind  with  the  horses,  and  made  their  way  back  to  Hadley,  thir¬ 
teen  in  all.  An  undoubted  tradition  points  out  the  grave  of  Capt. 
Beers  in  the  ravine  where  he  fell.  Hoyt,  in  his  history,  published 
in  1824,  says  that  the  bones  of  the  slain  were  still  occasionally 
found  protruding  from  the  sandy  knoll  where  the  battle  began. 
Mr.  Hubbard  relates  that  twenty  men  were  killed  with  their 
leader.  Mr.  Russell,  in  his  list,  says  sixteen,  and  gives  the  names 
of  eleven.  His  list  is  as  follows : 


At  Squakheage  ye  4  of  Sept  16  men  were  Slayn. 


Capt.  Richd  Beers. 
John  Chenary. 
Ephraim  Child. 
Benjamin  Crackbone. 
Robert  Pepper. 
Joseph  Dickinson. 


William  Markham. 
George  Lycuss. 
John  Gatchell. 
James  Miller. 

John  Wilson. 


132 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Another  list  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  254,  adds  several 
names  and  varies  the  spelling  of  several,  thus : 

List  of  Capt.  Beeres  and  those  slayn  soldiers,  1675. 


Capt.  Beers. 

John  Getckell. 

Benjamin  Crackbon. 

Ephra’  Child. 

George  Lickens. 

John  Willson. 

Thomas  Cornish. 

Robert  Pepper. 

8  killed  at  Squakheage  with  Capt. 


John  Genery. 

Jeremiah  Morrell. 

Elisha  Woodward. 

William  Marcum.  ^  Hadley 
Joseph  Dickerson.  )  men. 
James  Mullard. 

James  Egleston. 

killed  with  Capt.  Beeres. 
Beeres  of  whom  there  is  no  acco*. 


It  will  be  noticed  that  James  Egleston,  who  was  killed  at  Deer¬ 
field,  is  set  down  here.  Robert  Pepper  of  Roxbury  was  not  killed, 
but  taken  captive  and  returned  home  afterwards.  Besides  the 
thirteen  that  escaped  to  Hadley  that  same  night,  three  more 
came  in  next  day.  It  is  said  that  several  others  counted  as  killed 
were  taken  prisoners  and  afterwards  tortured  to  death.  One, 
whose  name  is  unknown,  was  reserved  for  torture,  but  was  freed 
by  a  friendly  Natick  Indian  and  made  his  escape.  John  Parke, 
son  of  Thomas  of  Cambridge  Village,  was  wounded  in  the  fight 
“  in  the  elbow  joint  and  the  bone  broken,”  etc.  His  petition  says 
it  was  “  in  the  fight  in  which  Capt.  Beers  was  killed.”  He  re¬ 
mained  at  Hadley  till  Major  Appleton’s  march  home,  Nov.  24. 
(See  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  198.)  Probably  the  Indians 
engaged  in  the  assault  were  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  in 
number,  composed  of  the  Squakeags,  and  parties  of  Nashaways, 
and  Quaboags,  led  by  Monoco,  alias  “  One-eyed  John,”  and  Saga¬ 
more  Sam.  The  number  of  Indians  slain  was  said  to  be  twenty- 
five,  which  is  probably  too  large  an  estimate. 

On  the  next  day,  Sept.  5th,  Major  Treat,  who  had  come  from 
Hartford  to  Hadley  on  the  3d  with  a  company  of  Connecticut 
men,  one  hundred  strong,  marched  up  to  Northfield.  At  night 
(Sunday,  5th)  he  camped,  probably  near  the  camp  of  Beers,  and 
on  the  6th  went  forward  to  the  scene  of  the  battle,  finding  a 
ghastly  sight,  for  many  of  the  heads  of  the  slain  had  been  cut  off 
and  set  upon  poles  by  the  wayside.  Pausing  only  long  enough 
to  perform  hasty  funeral  rites,  he  passed  on  to  the  garrison  and 
found  all  safe.  Hurriedly  collecting  the  people  and  all  their 
effects  possible,  but  obliged  to  leave  the  cattle,  he  marched  for 
Hadley  the  same  evening.  Mr.  Stoddard,  in  his  letter,  says  “they 
left  the  bodies  unburied,”  which  probably  has  reference  to  the 
eight  killed  at  Northfield  in  the  attack  on  the  2d.  Small  bodies 
of  the  enemy  were  still  lurking  in  the  vicinity  of  the  village,  and 
a  party  of  the  English  that  ventured  into  the  fields  were  attacked ; 
they  were  probably  engaged  in  burying  the  dead,  and  Major  Treat 


CREDITS  UNDER  CAPT.  BEERS. 


133 


was  slightly  wounded  in  the  thigh.  It  is  said  that  many  of  the 
cattle  followed  in  the  retreat  of  the  English,  and  afterwards  came 
into  Hadley.  The  following  are  the  names  in  Hull’s  Journal : 


Credited  with  Military  Service  under  Capt:  Richard  Beeres. 


October,  5  1675. 

John  Shattuck,  fiergt.  02  07  06 
Edward  Jackson.  00  18  00 

Ephraim  Beares.  00  12  10 

November  9th  1675. 

Joseph  Sill,  Leiut.  08  11  06 
Nathaniel  Bright.  03  08  06 
Elnathan  Beeres,  Sergt.  05  02  09 
Nathaniel  Sanger.  04  02  06 
Samuel  Prentis.  01  04  00 

November  20th  1675. 

Jacob  Hurd.  03  14  06 

Richard  Beeres,  Capt.  06  08  06 
Joseph  Fuller.  03  07  08 

John  Parkes.  03  07  08 

Benjamin  Crackbone.  02  18  00 


William  Russell.  04  16  00 

George  Licas.  01  05  08 

December  20th  1675. 


Richard  Wood.  04  16  00 

John  Cooke.  02  14  00 

John  Harrington.  04  16  00 

Nathaniel  Peirce.  03  05  02 

GustinJohn.  05  04  06 


January  25th  1675-6. 

John  Wilson.  01  05  08 

John  Bowditch.  01  16  00 

Ephraim  Child.  01  05  08 

Benjamin  Taynter.  04  16  00 

February  29th  1675-6. 
Thomas  Hastings.  02  05  00 

Nathaniel  King.  00  12  00 


The  probable  reason  that  so  few  are  credited  under  Capt.  Beers 
is  the  fact  of  his  brief  command,  and  also  that  the  twenty-six 
men  delivered  to  him  at  Brookfield  by  Capt.  Mosely  would  prob¬ 
ably  be  returned  to  Mosely  and  be  credited  under  him ;  and  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  those  who  survived  and  continued  in  the 
service  would  look  to  Capt.  Joseph  Sill,  Beers’s  lieutenant,  to  sign 
their  vouchers,  and  would  receive  credit  under  him  or  the  officer 
that  appeared  afterwards  in  command.  Shattuck  escaped  only 
to  be  drowned  shortly  after,  crossing  Charlestown  Ferry. 

John  Harrington  of  Watertown  was  badly  wounded,  but 
escaped  and  lived  to  old  age. 


CAPT.  THOMAS  LATHROP  AND  HIS  MEN. 

Thomas  Lathrop,  or  Lothrop,  emigrated  from  England  to 
Salem.  He  was  admitted  freeman  in  1634,  and  settled  on  the 
“Bass  River”  side  of  the  town,  where  he  received  a  grant  of 
land  near  Mackerel  Cove  in  1636.  He  was  lieutenant  of  the 
Salem  Train-Band  in  1644  under  Capt.  Hathorn,  and  succeeded 
him  as  captain  of  the  Artillery  Company  in  1645.  Mr.  Felt 
relates  that  he  was  a  captain  under  Major  Sedgwick  in  the  expe¬ 
dition  of  1654-5  against  Acadia,  when  St.  Johns  and  Port  Royal 
were  reduced.  He  was  an  active  and  influential  citizen,  repre¬ 
sented  Salem  in  the  General  Court  in  1647,  ’53  and  ’64,  and  when 
Beverly  was  set  off  in  1668  was  chosen  first  selectman  of  the  new 
town,  and  thereafter,  till  his  death,  remained  a  leading  actor 
in  all  its  affairs,  civil,  ecclesiastical  and  military.  He  married 


134 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Bethia,  daughter  of  Daniel  Rea  and  sister  of  Joshua,  who  after 
his  death  and  before  June,  1680,  married  Joseph  Grafton,  of 
Salem,  and  again  for  her  third  husband,  June  26,  1683,  Dea. 
William  Goodhue,  of  Ipswich.  She  died  Dec.  6,  1686.  Capt. 
Lathrop  left  no  children,  and  his  sister  Ellen,  who  came  with 
him  from  England,  and  became  the  second  wife  of  Ezekiel 
Cheever,  with  her  children,  inherited  his  estate.  The  age  of 
Capt.  Lathrop  is  put  at  65  years  by  Mr.  Stone  in  his  history  of 
Beverly. 

In  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  xlv,  p.  Ill,  there  is  a  petition  of 
Capt.  Lathrop,  showing  that  he  was  in  the  expeditions  against 
the  Pequods  in  1636-7.  This  petition  has  the  signature 
“  Thomas  Lawthrop,”  and  is  dated  8 :  3mo.  62 ;  and  while  I  have 
some  doubt  whether  here  the  writing  is  his  own,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  of  his  signature  in  vol.  lxvii,  p.  50,  where  it  appears  in  a 
faltering  hand  as  “  Tho :  Lawthropp.” 

In  August,  1675,  when  the  news  of  the  disaster  at  Brookfield 
came  to  the  Council,  Capt.  Lathrop  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  company  raised  in  Essex  County,  with  some  men  from  Boston 
and  vicinity,  and  marched  up  to  Brookfield,  where  he  joined  the 
forces  of  Capt.  Beers.  Their  companies  acted  mostly  together 
thereafter  up  to  the  time  of  the  latter’s  march  from  Hadley  on 
September  3d. 

Elated  by  recent  successes,  the  Indians  pressed  more  closely 
about  those  western  towns,  watching  warily  that  no  opportunity 
might  pass  to  strike  a  safe  and  telling  blow.  Their  leaders 
constantly  outgeneralled  our  officers,  and  in  every  engagement 
took  care  to  have  the  odds,  in  numbers,  position,  and  method  of 
attack,  on  their  side ;  and  while  we  are  horrified  at  their  atroci¬ 
ties,  we  can  but  admire  their  adroitness  and  persistence.  In  the 
meantime  additional  forces  of  the  English  were  gathering  at 
Hadley  and  vicinity,  and  all  were  under  the  general  direction  of 
Major  John  Pynchon,  of  Springfield,  commander-in-chief  in  the 
county  of  Hampshire.  On  the  return  of  Major  Treat  from 
Northfield  with  the  garrison  and  people  of  that  place,  a  council 
of  war  was  held,  at  which  it  was  decided  to  strengthen  the 
various  garrisons  and  hold  the  army  for  the  present  on  the  defen¬ 
sive.  The  Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies  had  agreed  to 
raise  an  army  of  five  hundred  men  for  this  campaign  on  the  Con¬ 
necticut  River.  Besides  the  forces  of  Lathrop  and  Beers,  Capt. 
Appleton  had  arrived  from  the  East  early  in  September,  and 
Capt.  Mosely  with  a  company  of  sixty  on  Tuesday,  Sept.  14th,  at 
evening,  and  probably  on  the  15th  crossed  the  river  and  marched 
up  to  Deerfield.  There,  on  the  Sunday  before,  the  Indians  had 
made  an  assault  on  twenty-two  men  passing  from  one  garrison  to 
another  to  meeting ;  none  of  ours  were  killed,  but  one  was  taken 
alive  and  probably  afterwards  killed,  and  Mr.  Judd  suggests  that 
this  was  Nathaniel  Cornberry,  noted  by  Mr.  Russell  as  among 


MASSACRE  AT  “  BLOODY  BROOK.” 


135 


the  slain.  The  Indians  then  burned  two  houses,  secured  several 
horse-loads  of  beef  and  pork,  killed  many  horses,  and  with  their 
plunder  betook  themselves  to  a  hill  in  Deerfield  meadow.  On 
the  reception  of  this  news  at  Northampton,  the  officers  there 
raised  a  body  of  volunteers,  who  with  others  from  Hadley  and  a 
part  of  Capt.  Lathrop’s  company,  marched  up  on  Monday,  18th, 
to  Deerfield  garrison,  and  on  the  next  day  went  out  with  the 
soldiers  of  the  garrison  to  attack  the  Indians  at  the  hill,  but  they 
were  all  fled.  Major  Treat,  on  Sept.  9th,  had  returned  to  Hart¬ 
ford,  leaving  a  part  of  his  force  distributed  in  the  various  towns 
in  garrison.  On  the  15th  or  16th  he  came  to  Northampton  with 
additional  Connecticut  troops,  and  Capt.  John  Mason,  of  Nor¬ 
wich,  came  there  soon  after  with  a  body  of  Mohegan  and  Pequod 
Indians.  I  think  it  probable  that  the  remainder  of  Capt. 
Lathrop’s  company,  except  the  sick  and  wounded,  passed  over 
with  Capt.  Mosely. 

Such  was  the  position  of  affairs  on  Sept.  18th.  At  Deerfield 
a  large  quantity  of  corn  had  been  gathered  from  the  fields  and 
loaded  upon  carts,  teams  and  drivers  provided,  and  Capt.  Lathrop 
with  his  company  were  appointed  as  a  guard  to  Hadley,  where  it 
was  to  be  stored.  The  English  evidently  had  no  thought  that 
any  considerable  force  of  the  enemy  were  in  the  vicinity,  and 
Capt.  Mosely  and  his  company  remained  behind  and  were  scout¬ 
ing  in  search  of  them  through  the  woods  about.  But  a  large 
body  had  crossed  the  river  secretly,  and,  undiscovered,  were 
watching  every  motion  of  the  English ;  and  now  with  their  usual 
tactics  they  placed  a  large  ambuscade  in  a  place  which  offered 
unusual  advantage,  across  the  line  of  march.  This  place  was 
some  five  miles  from  the  place  of  starting,  at  what  is  now  South 
Deerfield  village,  where  a  small  stream,  then  known  as  u  Muddy 
Brook  ”  (but  ever  since  as  “  Bloody  Brook  ”),  crossed  the  road. 
The  English  seem  to  have  taken  no  precaution  whatever  against 
surprise,  and  many  of  the  soldiers,  it  is  said,  had  placed  their  arms 
upon  the  carts  to  be  carried,  and  were  gathering  wild  grapes  by 
the  roadside. 

We  can  never  know  with  certainty  much  of  the  details  of  the 
battle,  or  rather  massacre,  that  ensued.  The  survivors  on  this 
occasion  were  few,  and  doubtless  if  questioned  could  give  but 
incoherent  and  exaggerated  accounts.  Moreover,  contemporary 
historians  seem  to  have  been  indifferent  to  particulars,  and  to  have 
inclined  rather  to  moralizing  upon  general  events,  and  succeeding 
historians  have  mainly  repeated  the  stories  of  the  first,  and  it  is 
only  within  the  last  few  decades  that  our  devoted  historical 
societies,  with  their  increasing  facilities,  have  made  the  methods 
of  intelligent  criticism  possible.  Gen.  Epaphras  Hoyt,  of  Deer¬ 
field,  wrote  a  history  of  the  Indian  wars  more  than  fifty  years 
ago,  which  seems  to  be  the  first  effort  at  analysis.  In  that  work 
are  many  important  questions  raised  and  valuable  suggestions 


136 


king  philip’s  war. 


presented.  In  regard  to  this  affair  he  suggests  that  the  main 
part  of  the  troops  had  passed  over  the  brook  and  were  waiting 
the  slow  movements  of  the  lumbering  teams  over  the  rough  roads. 
The  Indians  crept  stealthily  about  and  encompassed  the  whole 
company  and  fell  upon  them  with  sudden  and  terrible  fury,  so 
that  many  were  shot  down  or  disabled  at  the  first  volley,  includ¬ 
ing  probably  Capt.  Lathrop.  Doubtless  a  brave  resistance  was 
made,  but  with  little  avail.  The  coming  of  Capt.  Mosely  upon 
the  scene  after  the  disaster,  his  subsequent  fight  and  opportune 
reinforcement  by  Major  Treat,  have  been  previously  related. 

It  may  be  noted  that  here  again  Major  Treat  and  the  Connecti¬ 
cut  soldiers  opportunely,  and  as  at  Northfield,  brought  rescue, 
it  is  likely,  from  destruction.  Connecticut  was  wise  in  trusting 
and  employing  the  friendly  Indians,  who  never  allowed  their 
troops  to  be  ambushed;  while  the  prejudice  of  Massachusetts 
brought  upon  their  companies  the  dreadful  massacres  and  unavail- 
ing  pursuits  which  excite  our  wonder  and  shame  even  to-day. 

As  to  the  number  of  the  English  killed  in  this  encounter,  early 
accounts  vary.  In  the  postscript  to  a  letter  from  the  Massachu¬ 
setts  Council  to  Richard  Smith,  of  Narraganset,  dated  Sept.  22, 
1675,  and  still  preserved  in  the  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  262,  the 
statement  is  made  that  “  above  forty  of  Capt.  Lathrop’s  men  with 
himself  were  slain ;  ”  and  then  it  is  further  stated  that  Capt. 
Mosely  lost  eleven  men  in  the  subsequent  fight,  which  together 
with  many  lost  that  were  with  the  teams  made  up  sixty-four  in 
all,  who  were  buried  the  next  day.  Mr.  Mather  relates  that 
above  threescore  were  slain.  Mr.  Hubbard  reckons  eighty  as 
the  number  in  the  company  of  the  English,  including,  doubtless, 
the  teamsters,  and  says  that  not  above  seven  or  eight  escaped. 
In  Rev.  Mr.  Russell’s  list,  noticed  above,  the  number  of  slain  is 
put  at  seventy-one.  This  last  is  probably  nearly  correct,  as  Mr. 
Hull’s  credits,  now  for  the  first  time  published,  after  a  lapse  of 
more  than  two  hundred  years,  go  far  to  prove.  The  list  pertain¬ 
ing  to  “  Bloody  Brook  ”  is  given  below  entire.  It  has  been  copied 
from  the  original  with  the  utmost  care,  and  proved  and  tested 
letter  by  letter  till  I  feel  sure  of  its  accuracy.  This  list  was 
first  copied  by  Mr.  Coffin  some  fifteen  years  before  he  published 
his  “Newbury,”  and  is  the  most  nearly  correct  of  any  list  that 
has  been  published  hitherto  that  I  know  of ;  but  a  comparison  of 
his  text  with  the  original  will  show  many  mistakes.  The  follow¬ 
ing  is  the  list : 


At  Muddy-Brook  bridge  ye  18  Sept. 
Capt.  Thomas  Laythrop  Caleb  Kemball 
Sergt.  Thomas  Smith  Thomas  Hobs 


Samuel  Stevens 
John  Hobs 
Daniel  Button 
John  Harriman 


Robert  Homes 
Edward  Traske 
Richard  Lambert 
Josiah  Dodge 


71  men  slane. 
George  Ropes 
Joseph  Kinge 
Thomas  Alexander 
ffrancis  ffriende 
Abel  Osyer 
John  Litleale 


THE  SLAIN  AT  {<  BLOODY  BROOK.” 


137 


Thomas  Bayley  Peter  Woodberry 

Ezekiel  Sawier  Joseph  Bolch 

Jacob  Kilborne  Samuel  Whitteridge 

Thomas  Manninge  William  Duy 

Jacob  Waynwritt  Serg*  Samuel  Stevens 

Benjamin  Roper  Samuel  Crumpton 

John  Bennett  John  Plum 

Thomas  Mentor  Thomas  Buckley 


Benjamin  ffarnell 


Solomon  Alley 
John  Merrit 


Samuel  Hudson 
Adam  Clarke 


Ephraim  ffarah 
Robert  Wilson 
Steven  Welman 


The  forty-two  above  were  evidently  soldiers  of  Capt.  Lathrop, 
and  the  following  were  set  down  by  Mr.  Russell  as  including  the 
teamsters  : 


Robert  Hinsdall 
Samuel  Hinsdall 
Barnabas  Hinsdall 
John  Hinsdall 
Joseph  Gillett 
John  Allin 


Joshua  Carter  William  Smeade 

John  Barnard  Zebadiah  Williams 

James  Tufts  Eliakim  Marshall 

Jonathan  Plimpton  James  Mudge 
Philip  Barsham  George  Cole 

Thomas  Weller 


The  Hinsdalls  were  the  father  and  three  sons.  Most  of  the 
others  were  Deerfield  men.  George  Cole  is  credited  under  Capt. 
L.,  and  was  probably  of  his  company,  perhaps  of  Lynn.  The 
following  men  are  set  down  as  of  Deerfield,  and  credited  by  Hull 
in  the  “Beefe  ”  account :  Richard  Weller,  William  Pixly,  Daniel 
Weld,  James  Tufts,  William  Smeade,  Joseph  Gillett,  Experience 
Hinsdall,  John  Stebbin,  John  Hawkes.  Nathaniel  Sutlive  is 
credited  for  cattle.  Others  credited  for  cattle,  billeting,  etc.,  at 
the  same  time,  June  24,  1676,  but  of  course  for  the  year  before  : 
Sarah  Field,  Ephraim  Hinsdall,  Solomon  Stoddard,  Thomas  Mek- 
ins,  Barnabas  Hinsdall,  Joshuah  Carter,  John  Plimpton,  Thomas 
Hastings,  Samson  Frary,  Quentin  Stockwell,  John  Allen,  Moses 
Crafts,  Samuel  Hinsdall,  Peter  and  Jonathan  Plimpton.  Thomas 
Weller  was  probably  son  of  Richard,  and  Barnard  was  of  Hadley, 
son  of  Francis.  Barsham  and  Williams  were  of  Deerfield,  Mar¬ 
shall  and  Mudge  were  probably  of  Lathrop’s  company.  Marshall, 
sometime  of  Stratford,  Conn.,  now  perhaps  of  Boston,  and  Mudge, 
of  Malden,  son  of  Thomas  and  Sarah. 

From  sundry  petitions  preserved  in  the  Archives,  and  from 
casual  references  here  and  there,  we  find  a  few  additional  names. 
Joseph  Prince,  of  Salem,  was  pressed  under  Capt.  Lathrop  and 
went  as  far  as  Quaboag,  but  was  there  given  leave  to  go  home  to 
his  dying  father,  and  did  not  return  to  the  army.  Mrs.  Ruth 
Bates  had  two  sons,  Clement  and  Solomon,  who  went  out  with 
Lathrop  and  survived  the  fight,  if  they  were  in  it,  and  spent  the 
winter  in  the  garrison  at  Westfield  ;  Clement  was  killed  there  in 
the  spring,  and  the  mother  petitions  in  April,  1676,  for  the 
release  of  Solomon.  John  Smith’s  petition,  Archives,  vol.  69,  p. 
23,  shows  that  two  servants  of  his  had  been  pressed,  and  one  of 


138 


king  philip’s  war. 


them  having  been  out  some  three  months,  was  killed  with  Capt. 
Lathrop ;  his  name  is  not  given,  but  the  other,  Mungo  Craford, 
having  been  out  near  ten  months,  was  left  through  the  winter 
as  a  garrison  soldier  at  Hadley  or  near,  and  is  still  there.  Smith 
petitions  for  his  release  or  pay  for  his  service.  Smith  was  of 
Boston,  and  Craford  returned  and  settled  there  ;  Mrs.  Bates  was 
the  widow  of  Clement  of  Hingham. 

In  a  note  in  the  Appendix  to  Edward  Everett’s  Bloody  Brook 
oration,  Rev.  Joseph  B.  Felt  gives  the  above  list,  and  adds  the 
place  of  residence  of  many.  The  following  in  Hull’s  Journal  are 


Credited  under  Capt.  Thomas  Lathrop. 


October  19,  1675 

Andrew  Stickney. 

01 

16 

00 

John  Palmer,  Carpi. 

04 

11 

00 

George  Ropps. 

01 

17 

08 

Novr  9,  1675 

Benjamin  Roper. 

01 

17 

08 

John  Langbury. 

02 

08 

00 

Ephraim  Farrar. 

01 

16 

00 

Edmond  Bridges. 

01 

00 

00 

Solomon  Ally. 

01 

16 

00 

Joseph  Emons. 

01 

17 

00 

Benjamin  Furnell. 

01 

16 

00 

Samuel  Rust. 

02 

08 

00 

John  Merrett. 

01 

17  08 

John  Plum. 

01 

17 

08 

February  29th  1675- 

-6 

November  3  0*  1675 

Edmond  Moore. 

03 

12 

00 

Richard  Lambard. 

01 

18 

06 

Eleazer  Keyser. 

00 

12 

00 

Samuel  Stevens. 

02 

13 

10 

Thomas  Manning. 

02 

10 

06 

Robert  Holmes. 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Rose. 

03 

00 

00 

Joseph  Balch. 

01 

18 

06 

Stephen  Warman. 

01 

17 

08 

Thomas  Lathrop,  Capt . 

09 

13 

00 

John  Littlehall. 

01 

17 

08 

Peter  Woodbury. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Andrews. 

01 

01 

09 

Paul  Thorndike. 

03 

04 

04 

Samuel  Crumpton. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Plummer. 

00 

18 

00 

Jacob  Wain wright. 

02 

14 

06 

Edward  Trask. 

02 

03 

00 

June  24th  1676 

Thomas  Buckly. 

01 

17 

08 

Thomas  Mentor. 

01 

18 

06 

Dec.  20th  1675 

Zekeriah  Davis. 

07 

04 

00 

Samuel  Steevens. 

01 

17 

08 

Thomas  Rose. 

04 

04 

00 

Samuel  Chapman. 

00 

18 

10 

Thomas  Smith. 

01 

18 

06 

Thomas  Kemball. 

00 

12 

00 

George  Cole. 

03 

11 

06 

Caleb  Kemball. 

01 

16 

00 

Timothy  Bray. 

01 

05 

08 

Thomas  Hobbs. 

01 

16 

00 

John  Denison. 

00 

16 

02 

Jan’y  25,  1675- 

6. 

July  24th  1676 

William  Dew.  (Due) 

01 

18 

06 

John  Bullock. 

15 

08 

00 

Josiah  Dodge. 

01 

18 

06 

Joseph  King. 

01 

16 

00 

John  Harriman. 

01 

18 

06 

August  24th  1676 

Matthew  Scales. 

00 

18 

00 

Mark  Pitman. 

01 

16 

10 

Joseph  Pearson. 

00 

18 

00 

Thomas  Bayly. 

01 

16 

10 

Jacob  Kilborn. 

01 

18 

06 

Abel  Ozzier. 

01 

16 

00 

Thomas  Baily. 

01 

18 

06 

John  Bennett. 

01 

17 

08 

Ezekiel  Sawyer. 

01 

18 

06 

Moses  Pengry. 

01 

19 

04 

Blaze  Vinton. 

01 

05 

08 

John  Bullock  was  “ 

crippled  ” 

in  the  war,  and  his  large 

credit 

may  be  due  to  that.  He  was  of  Salem,  and  was  afterwards  favored 


WOUNDED  OF  LATHROP’s  COMPANY. 


139 


by  the  Court  and  granted  a  license  to  keep  a  “  victualling  shop,” 
January  9,  1680. 

In  addition  to  the  above  names  and  facts,  we  glean  the  follow¬ 
ing  from  various  sources.  From  Coffin’s  History  of  Newbury  we 
learn  that  on  August  5th,  1675,  were  impressed  at  Newbury, 

Steven  Greenleaf  Caleb  Richardson  Daniel  Button 

Thomas  Smith  Daniel  Rolf  John  Wheeler 

John  Toppan  John  Hobbs  Henry  Bodwell 

and  fourteen  days’  provision  supplied  them  by  the  town.  John 
Toppan  at  Bloody  Brook  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder,  but  con¬ 
cealed  himself  in  the  bed  of  a  brook  nearly  dry  by  pulling  grass  and 
weeds  over  his  body,  and  thus  escaped,  though  several  times  the 
Indians  stepped  over  him.  A  similar  story  is  told  of  a  soldier  who 
escaped  at  Beers’s  fight.  Henry  Bodwell  had  his  left  arm  broken, 
but  being  of  great  strength  and  courage  seized  his  gun  in  his  right 
hand  and  swinging  it  about  his  head  charged  furiously  through  the 
Indians  and  got  away.  Greenleaf,  Toppan,  Richardson,  Wheeler 
and  Bodwell  were  credited  Dec.  10th,  under  Major  Appleton,  with 
such  large  amounts  that  I  think  the  service  must  have  included 
time  under  Capt.  Lathrop.  Rolf  was  credited  at  Marlborough 
garrison.  Thos.  Vary  (Very),  under  Capt.  L.,  was  wounded. 
See  his  petition,  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  260.  In  Felt’s  Ipswich 
it  is  stated  that  Thomas  Scott  (killed  at  Northfield)  had  been 
of  Ipswich,  as  also  Thomas  Manning,  Jacob  Wainwright,  Caleb 
Kimball,  Samuel  Whittridge.  Robert  Dutch,  of  whom  Mr.  Hub¬ 
bard  relates  the  wonderful  recovery  from  apparent  death,  was  also 
of  Ipswich.  Mention  is  made  also  of  James  Bennet  slain,  and  John 
Fisher  wounded. 

The  following  bill  of  Jacob  Gardiner,  from  Mass.  Archives,  vol. 
69,  p.  44,  contains  further  names  and  suggestions. 

An  Amount  of  worke  Done  for  Souldiers  under  ye  Commands  of  Capt : 


Latherup  by  Jacob  Gardner  &  by  ye  order  John  Coalman  Comesary  & 
Daniel  White  Counstable  of  Hattfield  12th  of  August  ’75 

Tho:  Hobbes,  a  paire  of  shewes ..... 

0. 

6. 

0 

Sam:  Hudson ;  A  paire  of  Shewes  &  Leather 

0. 

9. 

2 

Tho:  Bayleff  ffor  mending  shewes  .... 

0. 

1. 

2 

Josiah  Bridges  Scabert  ...... 

0. 

1. 

3 

Robert  Leach  a  Scabert  and  mending  His  Shewes 

0. 

2. 

9 

Tho:  Tenne  a  pouch  &  Belt  and  Mending  His  Shewes  . 

0. 

1. 

3 

Thomas  Peekes  a  pouch  ...... 

0. 

1. 

0 

Capt.  Latherup  3  belts  ...... 

0. 

3. 

0 

Daniel  Ring  a  pouch  &  belt  ..... 

0. 

1. 

6 

Abiell  Sadler  a  pouch  &  belt  ..... 

0. 

2. 

0 

ff ranees  Young  a  pouch  &  belt  ..... 

0. 

1. 

9 

Gershom  Browne  a  pouch  &  belt  .... 

0. 

1. 

9 

140 


king  philip’s  war. 


John  Tapin ;  a  pouch  and  belt  . 

0. 

1. 

9 

Steven  Butler  a  pouch  &  belt 

0. 

1. 

9 

John  Presson  a  pouch  &  belt 

0. 

1. 

9 

John  Dauis  a  pouch  &  belt 

0. 

1. 

9 

Samuel  Hibbert  a  pouch  &  belt  . 

0. 

1. 

9 

Tho:  Hayson  a  pouch  &  belt 

0. 

1. 

9 

Tho:  Hobbs  a  pouch  &  belt 

0. 

1. 

9 

Walter  Hickson  a  powder  bage  &  belt 

0. 

2. 

9 

John  Boynton  for  mending  Shewes 

0. 

2. 

0 

John  Wicher  a  belt  .... 

0. 

1. 

3 

Tho:  Hayson  a  belt  .... 

3 

The  Totall  2.  12.  1 

To  the  Honnoured  Comety  This  is  to  Certifie  you  that  these  goods 
have  been  delivered  to  ye  persons  above  written  by  ye  order  of : 


I  think  it  may  be  fairly  inferred  from  the  above  bill  that  nearly 
all,  if  not  all,  those  mentioned  were  in  Capt.  Lathrop’s  company. 
Fourteen  of  these  were  credited  afterwards  under  Major  Appleton, 
and  will  there  appear  with  names  a  little  differently  spelled ;  for 
instance,  Whicher,  Hazen,  Toppan,  Tenney,  etc.  Hobbs  and  Bay- 
ley  are  in  Russell’s  death-list,  Hickson  was  credited  under  Capt. 
Poole.  Presson  served  under  Gardner  at  Narraga'nset,  and  next 
year  under  Capt.  Turner.  Hudson  and  Peekes  appear  in  a  later 
Ledger,  proving  that  they  were  not  among  the  unknown  slain. 

Gen.  Hoyt,  before  mentioned,  writing  in  1824,  relates  that, 
“  The  place  where  this  tragic  affair  happened  is  near  the  centre 
of  the  village  of  Muddy-Brook,  and  about  thirty  rods  southerly  of 
the  meeting-house  in  that  place.  The  stage  road  passes  over  the 
ground  and  crosses  the  brook  on  a  small  bridge,  precisely  where 
Lathrop  passed.  A  rude  monument  was  erected  near  the  place 
of  attack  sometime  after  the  catastrophy.  It  stood  in  what  is 
now  the  front  yard  of  the  house  of  Stephen  Whitney,  Esq.,  on 
the  east  side  of  the  public  way,  but  is  now  gone  to  decay,  and  two 
plain  stone  flags,  lying  near  the  front  of  the  house,  are  its  only 
remains.  Several  gentlemen  have  it  in  contemplation  to  repair 
the  old  or  erect  a  new  monument,  near  the  same  spot,  with  ap¬ 
propriate  inscription.”  The  “  stone  slab  ”  spoken  of  below  may 
have  been  placed  by  the  gentlemen  referred  to.  See  N.  E.  H.  G. 
Reg.,  vol.  xxvi,  p.  435. 

On  September  30,  1835,  the  Anniversary  of  Lathrop’s  defeat 
was  celebrated  at  Deerfield,  and  a  monument  was  afterwards 
erected  there,  bearing  this  inscription : 

Erected  August,  1838. 

On  this  ground  Capt.  Thomas  Lathrop  and  eighty  men  under  his 
command  including  eighteen  teamsters  from  Deerfield,  conveying 
stores  from  that  town  to  Hadley,  were  ambushed  by  about  700  Indians, 
and  the  Captain  and  seventy-six  men  slain  Sept.  18th,  1675. 


SCENE  OF  THE  MASSACRE. 


141 


Some  twenty  rods  south  of  this  monument  the  grave  of  the  slain 
is  marked  by  a  stone  slab  bearing  the  simple  inscription,  “  Grave 
of  Capt.  Lathrop  and  men  slain  by  the  Indians,  1675.” 

On  the  occasion  of  the  celebration  in  1835,  Edward  Everett 
delivered  the  oration,  and  Miss  Harriet  Martineau  was  present, 
and  afterwards  wrote  a  sharp  criticism  of  it.  Both  address  and 
criticism  were  fine  as  literary  productions,  but  equally  faulty  as 
history. 

I  am  indebted  to  the  Hon.  George  Sheldon,  of  Deerfield,  for 
many  valuable  suggestions  in  preparing  the  above  chapter. 


ym. 


MAJOR  SAMUEL  APPLETON  AND  THE  FORCES 

UNDER  HIM. 


A  FULL  account  of  the  Appleton  family  has  been  published 
in  the  “  Appleton  Memorial  ”  and  various  other  works,  and 
renders  a  brief  sketch  sufficient  for  our  purpose  here. 
Samuel  Appleton,  the  ancestor  of  nearly  all  of  the  name  in  this 
country,  and  the  first  to  appear  here,  was  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  of  Appulton  of  Waldingfield,  Suffolk,  England.  He 
was  the  son  of  Thomas,  and  was  born  at  Little  Waldingfield  in 
1586;  married  Judith  Everard,  by  whom  he  had  six  children  born 
in  England.  John,  born  1622;  Samuel,  born  1624;  Sarah,  born 
1629;  Mary,  Judith  and  Martha.  With  his  family  he  came  to 
New  England  in  1635  and  settled  at  Ipswich,  where  he  was  ad¬ 
mitted  freeman,  May  25,  1636.  He  was  chosen  deputy  to  the 
General  Court,  May  17th,  1637,  and  was  prominent  in  the  affairs 
of  his  town  thereafter,  and  died  at  Rowley  in  June,  1670.  The 
eldest  son  John  became  an  influential  man  in  the  colony.  Was 
successively  lieutenant,  captain  and  major,  and  deputy  to  the 
General  Court  for  fifteen  years  between  1656  and  1678,  and  was 
honorably  prominent  in  opposition  to  the  Andros  government. 
He  married  Priscilla  Glover,  by  whom  he  had  a  large  family,  and 
died  in  1699.  Of  the  daughters  above  mentioned,  Sarah  married 
Rev.  Samuel  Phillips,  of  Rowley,  1651.  Judith  married  Samuel 
Rogers,  son  of  Rev.  Nathaniel,  of  Ipswich.  Martha  married 
Richard  Jacob,  of  Ipswich. 

Major  Samuel  Appleton,  second  son  of  Samuel  first,  and  the 
subject  of  this  article,  was  born  as  noted  above,  at  Waldingfield, 
and  came  with  his  father  to  Ipswich  at  the  age  of  eleven  years. 
His  first  wife  was  Hannah  Paine,  of  Ipswich,  by  whom  he  had 
Hannah,  Judith  and  Samuel.  By  his  second  wife,  Mary  Oliver 
(at  marriage,  Dec.  8,  1656,  aged  sixteen),  he  had  John,  Major 
Isaac,  Oliver  and  Joanna.  He  was  chosen  deputy  to  the  General 
Court  in  1668,  under  the  title  Lieut. ;  also  in  1669  to  1671,  in 
company  with  his  brother  Capt.  John,  and  again  by  himself  in 
1673P  and  1675. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  find  the  exact  date  on  which  Capt. 
Appleton  marched  from  the  Bay  up  towards  Hadley,  but  infer 


APPLETON  MARCHES  TO  HADLEY. 


143 


that  it  was  about  the  first  of  September,  and  Mr.  Hubbard  relates 
that  when  Major  Treat  (on  Sept.  6th)  marched  down  from  the 
rescue  of  Northfield,  bringing  the  garrison,  he  met  Capt.  Apple- 
ton  going  up,  who  strongly  urged  him  to  turn  back  and  pursue 
the  Indians  ;  but  the  Major  overruled  his  wishes,  and  all  marched 
back  to  the  headquarters  at  Hadley.  The  course  of  events  from 
this  time  to  September  18th  has  been  previously  related.  In  the 
assignment  of  troops  for  the  defence  of  the  various  towns,  Capt. 
Appleton  seems  to  have  remained  at  Hadley,  and  to  have  been 
in  close  relation  with  Major  Pynchon  in  the  conduct  of  affairs. 
His  Lieutenant,  John  Pickering,  and  doubtless  a  part  of  his  com¬ 
pany,  were  with  Capt.  Mosely  in  the  fight  succeeding  Lathrop’s 
defeat,  and  when  a  few  days  after  it  was  decided  to  abandon 
Deerfield,  and  the  garrison  and  inhabitants  were  removed  to  Hat¬ 
field,  Capt.  Mosely  was  stationed  there  with  his  force,  Major 
Treat  and  his  men  quartered  at  Northampton  and  Northfield,  and 
Capt.  Appleton  remained  at  Hadley  busily  employed  in  reorgan¬ 
izing  the  Massachusetts  forces,  caring  for  the  wounded,  and  pre¬ 
paring  for  the  next  attack  of  the  enemy. 

Although  Capt.  Appleton  had  been  in  this  service  several  weeks, 
his  commission  as  “  Capt.  of  a  company  of  100  men  ”  was  not 
issued  by  the  Council  until  September  24th.  (He  already  held 
the  rank  of  Captain  of  the  local  company  in  Ipswich ;  this  was  a 
special  commission  for  active  service.)  By  the  heavy  losses 
under  Capts.  Lathrop  and  Beers,  the  Massachusetts  forces  were 
greatly  reduced,  and  the  survivors  of  their  companies  were  much 
demoralized  by  the  loss  of  the  captains,  and  gloom  and  discour¬ 
agement  prevailed  throughout  the  colony.  It  was  therefore  with 
great  difficulty  that  the  Council  filled  the  quota  of  three  hundred 
assigned  by  the  commissioners.  Secretary  Rawson  wrote  to 
Major  Pynchon,  September  30th,  “  The  slaughter  in  your  parts  has 
much  damped  many  spirits  for  the  war.  Some  men  escape  away 
from  the  press,  and  others  hide  away  after  they  are  impressed.” 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  following  orders  that  the  Council  was 
using  every  endeavor  to  push  forward  troops  to  repair  their 
losses.  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  265. 

The  Council  do  order  &  appoint  Capt.  John  Wayte  to  conduct  the 
120  men  appointed  to  rendevooze  at  Marlborough  the  28th  day  of  this 
instant  September  &  to  deliver  them  unto  the  order  of  Maior  John  Pin- 
cheon  Commander  in  Cheefe  in  the  County  of  Hampshire  &  it  is  fur¬ 
ther  ordered  yl  in  case  Capt.  Samuel  Appleton  should  be  com  away 
from  those  parts  then  the  said  Capt.  Wait  is  ordered  to  take  the  con¬ 
duct  and  chardge  of  a  Company  of  100  men  under  Maior  John  Pincheon 
but  in  case  Capt  Apleton  do  abide  there  then  Capt.  Wait  is  forthwith 
to  returne  Backe  unles  Maior  Pincheon  see  cause  to  detyne  him  upon 
ye  service  of  the  country 

past.  E.  R.  S.  24  Sept.  1675 


144 


king  philip’s  war. 


On  the  same  paper  is  the  following: 

It  is  ordered  that  there  be  a  comission  issued  forth  to  Capt.  Sam¬ 
uel  Appleton  to  Command  a  foot  Company  of  100  men  In  the  service 
of  ye  country.  But  in  case  hee  should  be  com  away  from  those  parts 
then  that  Capt.  Waite  is  to  have  (a)  like  comission.  past  24  Sept. 
1675 

By  ye  Council  E  R  S 

Ordered  y‘  ye  Commissary  Jn°  Morse  deliver  Mr  Thomas  Welden 
snaphant  musket. 

The  Indians  were  gathered  in  great  numbers  on  the  west  side 
of  the  river.  Small  parties  were  constantly  lurking  near  the 
frontier  towns,  Hatfield,  Northampton,  and  as  far  as  Springfield, 
where,  on  September  26th,  they  burned  the  farm-house  and  barns 
of  Major  Pynchon  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  Major  Pynchon 
says,  in  a  letter  to  the  Council,  Sept.  30th  : 

We  are  endeavouring  to  discover  the  enemy  and  daily  send  out 
scouts,  but  little  is  effected.  Our  English  are  somewhat  awk  and  fear¬ 
ful  in  scouting  and  spying,  though  we  do  the  best  we  can.  We  have 
no  Indian  friends  here  to  help  us.  We  find  the  Indians  have  their 
scouts  out.  Two  days  ago  two  Englishmen  at  Northampton  being 
gone  out  in  the  morning  to  cut  wood,  and  but  a  short  distauce  from 
the  house,  were  both  shot  down  dead,  having  two  bullets  apiece  shot 
into  each  of  their  breasts.  The  Indiaus  cut  off  their  scalps,  took  their 
arms  and  were  off  in  a  trice. 

According  to  Russell’s  list  of  killed,  these  men  were  Praisever 
Turner  and  Uzacaby  Shakspeer.  Up  to  this  time  the  Springfield 
Indians  had  been  friendly  and  remained  quietly  in  their  large 
fort  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  towards  Longmeadow.  Some 
uneasiness  had  been  felt  of  late  in  regard  to  them,  and  Major 
Pynchon  had  consulted  the  commissioners  about  disarming  them. 
The  Connecticut  Council  advised  against  the  measure,  and  rec¬ 
ommended  rather  to  receive  hostages  from  them,  to  be  sent  to 
Hartford  for  security.  This  plan  was  adopted  and  the  hostages 
sent;  but  the  Indians,  excited  by  the  successes  of  the  hostiles, 
and  probably  urged  by  secret  agents  of  Philip,  resolved  to  join 
the  war  against  the  English.  They  managed  the  escape  of  their 
hostages,  and  waited  the  opportunity  to  strike  their  blow.  On 
Monday,  Oct.  4th,  a  large  body  of  the  enemy  had  been  reported 
some  five  or  six  miles  from  Hadley,  and  immediately  all  the 
soldiers  were  withdrawn  from  Springfield  to  Hadley,  and  were 
preparing  to  go  out  against  the  Indians  the  next  morning ;  but 
during  the  night  a  messenger  arrived  from  Hartford  or  Windsor, 
reporting  that  Toto,  a  friendly  Windsor  Indian,  had  disclosed  a 
plot  of  the  Springfield  Indians  to  destroy  that  town  next  day, 
and  that  five  hundred  of  Philip’s  Indians  were  in  the  Springfield 
fort,  ready  to  fall  upon  the  town.  Thereupon,  early  on  the 


DEFENCE  OF  THE  RIVER  TOWNS. 


145 


morning  of  Tuesday,  October  5th,  Major  Pynchon,  with  Capts. 
Appleton  and  Sill,  and  a  force  of  one  hundred  and  ninety  men, 
marched  for  Springfield,  arriving  there  to  find  the  town  in  flames 
and  the  Indians  j  ust  fled.  Major  Treat  had  also  received  news  of 
the  intended  attack,  and  hastened  from  Westfield  with  his  com¬ 
pany,  arriving  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  some  hours  before  the 
Massachusetts  forces  came,  but  was  unable  to  cross,  though  five 
Springfield  men  escaped  through  the  enemy’s  lines,  hotly  pur¬ 
sued,  and  carried  over  a  boat  in  which  a  party  attempted  to  cross, 
but  the  Indians  gathered  upon  the  east  shore  and  fired  upon 
them  so  fiercely  that  the  attempt  was  abandoned  until  Major 
Pynchon  came.  The  Indians  burned  some  thirty  dwelling-houses 
and  twenty-five  barns  with  their  contents,  Major  Pynchon’s  mills, 
and  several  of  his  houses  and  barns,  occupied  by  tenants.  Fif¬ 
teen  houses  in  the  “town-plat,”  and  some  sixty  more  in  the  out¬ 
skirts  and  on  the  west  side  were  left  unharmed.  The  people 
had  taken  refuge  in  the  garrison-houses,  which  were  not  attacked. 
Two  men  and  women  were  killed,  viz.,  Lieut.  Thomas  Cooper, 
who  before  the  assault  rode  out  towards  the  fort  to  treat  with 
the  Indians,  having  two  or  three  men  with  him,  and  was  shot  by 
an  enemy  concealed  in  the  bushes  a  short  distance  from  the  town, 
but  managed  to  ride  to  the  nearest  garrison-house,  where  he 
died.  His  companion,  Thomas  Miller,  was  killed  on  the  spot. 
During  the  assault,  Pentecost,  wife  of  John  Matthews,  was 
killed,  and  Nathaniel  Browne  and  Edmund  Pringridays  were 
mortally  wounded. 

The  above  account  is  the  substance  of  letters  written  by  Major 
Pynchon  and  Rev.  John  Russell,  October  5th  and  6th.  The 
number  of  Indians  engaged  has  probably  been  much  over-esti¬ 
mated.  The  Springfield  squaw  captured  at  the  time  reported 
the  whole  number  at  two  hundred  and  seventy.  Mr.  Russell 
said  the  Springfield  people  thought  there  were  not  “  above  100 
Indians,  of  whom  their  own  were  the  chief.”  Rev.  Pelatiah 
Glover,  the  minister  of  Springfield,  lost  his  house,  goods  and  pro¬ 
visions,  together  with  a  valuable  library  which  he  had  lately 
removed  to  his  house  from  the  garrison-house  where  it  had  been 
stored  for  some  time. 

On  October  8th  Major  Pynchon  writes  to  the  Council  an 
official  account  of  the  situation,  telling  of  the  great  discourage¬ 
ment  of  the  people  and  their  sad  state ;  the  loss  of  their  mills 
makes  a  scarcity  of  bread,  and  the  many  houseless  families 
throng  the  houses  that  remain.  The  Major  advises  to  garrison 
all  the  towns,  and  abandon  the  useless  and  hazardous  method 
of  hunting  the  Indians  in  their  swamps  and  thickets.  The  com¬ 
missioners  were  opposed  to  this  course,  especially  those  of  Con¬ 
necticut,  who  insisted  that  the  purpose  of  the  army  in  the  field 
was  to  pursue  and  destroy  the  enemy  instead  of  simply  protect¬ 
ing  the  towns.  In  this  letter  of  the  8th,  Major  Pynchon  says 


146 


king  philip’s  war. 


they  are  scouting  to  find  which  way  the  Indians  have  gone,  and 
also  that  on  that  day  Major  Treat  is  summoned  away  to  Connecti¬ 
cut  by  the  news  of  a  large  body  of  the  enemy  near  Wethersfield. 
He  then  earnestly  reiterates  his  unfitness  for  the  chief  command, 
and  declares  that  he  must  devolve  the  authority  upon  Capt. 
Appleton,  with  the  permission  of  the  Council,  unless  Major 
Treat  return,  when  he  will  await  their  orders.  The  Council  had, 
however,  already  granted  his  former  request,  and  on  Oct.  4th 
had  appointed  Capt.  Appleton  to  the  chief  command  in  his  place. 
His  commission,  together  with  letters  and  orders  to  Major 
Pynchon,  were  sent  up  by  Lieut.  Phinehas  Upham  and  his  com¬ 
pany  of  recruits,  and  did  not  reach  them  until  October  12th, 
when  he  immediately  took  command.  The  commission  is  as 
follows : 

Capt.  Appleton. 

The  Councill  have  seriously  considered  the  earnest  desires  of  major 
Pynchon  &  the  great  affliction  upon  him  &  his  family,  &  have  at  last 
consented  to  his  request  to  dismiss  him  from  the  cheefe  command  over 
the  Army  in  those  parts,  and  have  thought  meet  upon  mature  thoughts  to 
comitt  the  cheefe  comand  unto  yourselfe,  being  perswaded  that  God 
hath  endeowed  you  with  a  spirit  and  ability  to  mannage  that  affayre  ;  and 
for  the  Better  inabling  you  to  yor  imploy,  we  have  sent  the  Councills 
order  Inclosed  to  major  Pynchon  to  bee  given  you ;  and  wee  reffer  you 
to  the  Instructions  given  him  for  yor  direction,  ordering  you  from  time 
to  time  to  give  us  advise  of  all  occurences,  &  if  you  need  any  further 
orders  &  instructions,  they  shall  be  given  you  as  ye  matter  shall  require. 
So  comitting  you  to  the  Lord,  desireing  his  presence  with  you  and  bless¬ 
ing  upon  you,  wee  remaine :  Your  friends  and  Servants 

Boston  4th  of  October 

Capt.  Samuel  Appleton, 

Commander  in  cheefe  at  the  head  quarters  at  Hadley. 

The  letter  of  October  4th,  from  the  Massachusetts  Council  to 
Major  Pynchon,  in  which  the  orders  above  referred  to  were  in¬ 
closed,  is  in  the  Massachusetts  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  280,  as 
follows : 

Mass.  Council  to  Major  Pynchon 

Honoured  Sr 

Your  letter  dat  Sept.  29.  wee  received  and  although  wee  could  have 
desired  your  continuance  in  that  trust  committed  to  you  as  comander 
over  or  forces  in  yr  pts,  yet  considering  your  great  importunity  ye  reasons 
alledged  wee  cann  but  greatly  simpathize  with  you  in  ye  present  dispen¬ 
sation  of  Divine  Providence  towards  your  family  in  your  absence  and 
have  ordered  Capt.  Apelton  to  take  the  charge  as  Comander  in  Cheife 
over  the  united  forces  whiles  in  or  Colony,  and  uppon  a  removall  of  the 
seat  of  Warr  the  Comanders  to  take  place  according  to  (the)  appoynt- 
ment  of  ye  Commissioners.  We  have  considered  (that)  you  will  not 
be  wanting  to  afford  the  best  advice  &  assistance  you  may,  although 
dismist  from  ye  perticular  charge.  It  is  the  Lord’s  holy  will  yet  to 


LETTERS  FROM  THE  COUNCIL. 


147 


keep  his  poore  people  at  a  pradventure  and  y*  in  this  case  wherein  our 
all  is  concerned  and  there  is  none  to  tell  us  how  long,  yet  is  it  or  duty 
to  wayte  on  him  who  hideth  his  face  from  the  house  of  Israel,  and  to 
say  wth  ye  Ch:  I  will  brave  ye  indignation  of  God  untill  he  pie  (ad)  e  our 

case,  &c.  Commending  you  &  yours,  &  y . low  estate  of  his 

people  to  ye  shepardly  Care  of  him  who  hath  made  it  one  pl  of  his  great 
name,  Mighty  to  Save ;  wee  take  leave  and  remayne, 

Yor  assured  ffreinds,  ER8 

Past  ye  Council. 

Boston  4th  of  Sept,  (should  be  Oct.)  1675 
Sr 

Wee  have  ordered  L‘ Upham  to  lead  up  to  you  30  men  and  do  fur¬ 
ther  order  that  L‘  Scill  be  dismissed  home  to  his  family,  and  his  sould- 
jers  to  make  up  some  of  ye  companies  as  ye  chiefe  Comander  shall 
order  &  ye  above  named  Ll  Upham  to  be  U  under  Capt  Wayte.  These 
for  Major  John  Pynchon. 

Sr  It  is  desired  when  the  companies  with  you  are  filled  up,  such  as 
are  fitted  to  be  dismist  be  sent  back  with  Lef  Sill  &  Corporal  Poole  & 
to  send  downe  what  horses  you  cann,  and  as  may  be  conveniently 
spayred. 

On  assuming  command  on  October  12th,  Capt.  Appleton  writes 
a  long  letter,  expressing  his  sense  of  the  honor  conferred  and  the 
great  responsibility  imposed  by  the  appointment,  and  declaring 
that  he  is  led  to  accept  by  the  urgency  of  the  occasion  and  his 
regard  for  the  earnest  wishes  of  Major  Pynchon ;  and  while  dep¬ 
recating  his  own  incapacity,  promises  to  do  his  best  until  they 
may  find  some  abler  officer  for  the  position.  He  agrees  with 
Major  Pynchon  in  regard  to  present  methods,  and  asks  that  the 
commissioners  revise  that  part  of  their  instructions  which  strictly 
prohibits  fixing  soldiers  in  garrisons.  He  adds  his  account  of  the 
condition  of  Springfield,  and  asks  the  Council  to  support  him  in 
the  step  he  has  taken  in  stationing  Capt.  Sill  and  his  company 
there  for  the  town’s  security.  He  complains  of  the  prolonged 
absence  of  Major  Treat  and  his  company  at  Hartford.  He  says 
that  “  There  being  now  come  in  sixty  men  under  Capt.  Poole  and 
Lieft.  Upham,  and  we  needing  commanders,  especially  part  of  our 
men  being  now  at  Springfield,  &  we  not  daring  to  send  all 
thither,  we  have  retained  Capt.  Poole  to  comand  these  sixty  men 
untill  further  orders  be  given.” 

October  17th  he  writes  an  account  of  their  movements  up  to 
that  date  : 

On  Tuesday  Octo:  12.  we  left  Springfield  &  came  y*  night  to  Hadley 
neer  30  mile.  On  ye  13th  &  14th  we  used  all  diligence  to  make  discovery 
of  ye  enemy  by  Scouts,  but  by  reason  of  ye  distance  of  the  way  from 
hence  to  Squakeage  &  ye  timorousnesse  of  ye  Scouts  it  turned  to  little 
account ;  thereupon  I  found  it  very  difficult  to  know  what  to  doe. 
Major  Treat  was  gone  from  us,  and  when  like  to  return  we  knew  not. 
Our  orders  were  to  leave  no  men  in  garrison,  but  keepe  all  for  a  field 


148 


king  philip’s  war. 

armye,  wch  was  to  expose  the  Towns  to  manefest  hazzard.  To  sitt  still 
and  do  nothinge  is  to  tire  ors  [ourselves]  and  spoyle  or  souldiers,  and 
to  ruin  ye  country  by  ye  insupportable  burden  and  charge.  All  things 
layed  together,  I  thought  it  best  to  goe  forth  after  the  enemy  wth  or 
prsent  forces.  This  once  resolved,  I  sent  forth  warrants,  on  ye  14th  in¬ 
stant,  early  in  the  morning  to  Capt.  Mosely  &  Capt.  (as  he  is  called) 
Seely  at  Hatfeild  and  Northampton,  to  repair  fourthwth  to  ye  head¬ 
quarters,  y*  we  might  be  ready  for  service,  etc. 

Capt.  Mosely  came  promptly,  but  Seely  tardily  and  then  with¬ 
out  his  company,  pleading  his  want  of  commission  from  Connecti¬ 
cut  authorities,  but  finally  agreeing  to  return  and  bring  his  men. 
Before  he  started  from  Northampton,  however,  he  received  orders 
from  Major  Treat  not  to  leave  that  town,  and  sends  that  word 
to  Capt.  Appleton.  The  Captain  much  exercised  by  this  seem¬ 
ing  insubordination,  posts  away  letters  of  complaint  to  the  Con¬ 
necticut  Council,  and  urges  the  return  of  Major  Treat,  whom 
he  highly  commends  as  “  a  worthy  Gentleman  and  discreete  and 
incouraging  Comander.”  After  this  he  drew  out  his  own  men 
and  marched  towards  Northfield,  but  before  proceeding  two  miles 
intelligence  came  that  the  Indians  were  discovered  in  great  num¬ 
bers  on  the  west  side  of  the  river.  Thereupon  he  crossed  to 
Hatfield  with  the  purpose  of  marching  to  Deerfield.  Night  came 
on  as  they  left  Hatfield,  and  after  marching  some  miles  his  officers 
urged  the  exposed  condition  of  the  towns  left  without  garrisons 
and  the  uncertainty  of  the  enemy’s  movements,  and  the  night  prom¬ 
ising  to  be  tempestuous,  he  yielded  his  purpose  and  returned, 
against  his  inclination,  to  headquarters.  On  the  evening  of  the  16th 
an  urgent  request  for  reinforcement  comes  from  Northampton, 
which  is  threatened,  and  later,  word  from  Capt.  Mosely  that  the  Ind¬ 
ians  are  discovered  within  a  mile  of  Hatfield ;  and  so  at  midnight 
he  crosses  the  river  to  Hatfield,  leaving  only  about  twenty  men  to 
guard  Hadley  and  their  wounded  men.  In  a  postscript  to  this 
letter,  added  on  the  afternoon  of  the  17th,  he  says  that  after  “a 
tedious  night  and  morning’s  march  ”  they  had  not  succeeded  in 
finding  the  enemy. 

It  is  supposed  that  Philip  had  an  active  part  in  the  planning 
of  the  various  operations  of  this  time,  though  there  is  no  evidence 
that  he  was  personally  present  at  any  of  the  attacks. 

Several  letters  in  this  time  passed  between  Capt.  Appleton  and 
the  Council  of  Connecticut,  which  are  full  of  interest  as  showing 
the  varying  aspects  of  affairs  at  the  time.  Connecticut  urges  that 
their  own  towns  are  threatened,  and  further  that  Plymouth  Colony 
has  not  sent  its  quota,  and  that  there  is  no  certain  movement  on 
foot  that  demands  the  presence  of  their  troops  at  Hadley,  etc. 
These  letters  are  preserved  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  vols.  67  and  68. 
and  have  been  published  in  the  “  Appleton  Memorial.”  and  certain 
of  them  elsewhere. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  no  letters  of  Capt.  Appleton  relating  to 


APPLETON  AT  HADLEY  AND  HATFIELD. 


149 


the  attack  upon  Hatfield  on  October  19th  are  preserved.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  he  wrote  an  official  account  of  it  ;  but  the 
Massachusetts  Council  had  not  received  the  news  on  October  23d, 
for  on  that  day  they  wrote  Capt.  Appleton  in  answer  to  his  of 
the  17th,  and  make  no  reference  to  any  attack.  The  next  letter 
to  him  from  the  Council,  so  far  as  known,  is  dated  November  1st, 
and  refers  to  one  from  him  of  the  29th  October,  which  would 
seem  to  have  been  mainly  taken  up  with  a  relation  of  the  insub¬ 
ordination  of  the  Connecticut  officers.  Doubtless  several  letters 
passed  that  are  lost.  The  letters  from  a  merchant  of  Boston  to 
his  friend  in  London,  published  in  Drake’s  “  Old  Indian  Chron¬ 
icle,”  give  information  of  the  beginning  of  the  attack.  The  Ind¬ 
ians  built  large  fires  north  of  Hatfield,  and  then  lay  in  ambush 
by  the  way  leading  thither.  Ten  horsemen  were  sent  out  as  scouts 
about  noon,  of  whom  nine  were  shot  down  or  captured  by  the 
Indians  in  ambush,  and  one  escaped  back  to  Hatfield,  and  im¬ 
mediately  the  enemy  came  with  fury  about  the  town.  But, 
says  Mr.  Hubbard  • 

According  to  the  Good  Providence  of  Almighty  God,  Major  Treat 
was  newly  returned  to  North-Hampton,  Capt.  Mosely  and  Capt. 
Poole  were  then  garrisoning  the  said  Hatfield,  and  Capt.  Appleton  for 
the  like  end  quartering  at  Hadley,  when  on  a  sudden  7  or  800  of  the 
enemy  came  upon  the  town  in  all  quarters,  having  first  taken  or  killed 
two  or  three  of  the  scouts  belonging  to  the  town  and  seven  more 
belonging  to  Capt.  Mosely’s  company,  but  they  were  so  well  enter¬ 
tained  on  all  hands  where  they  attempted  to  break  in  upon  the  town 
that  they  found  it  too  hot  for  them,  Major  Appleton  with  great  courage 
defending  one  end  of  the  town,  and  Capt.  Mosely  as  stoutly  main¬ 
taining  the  middle,  and  Capt.  Poole  the  other  end ;  that  they  were  by 
the  resolution  of  the  English  instantly  beaten  off  without  doing  much 
harm.  Capt.  Appleton’s  serjeant  was  mortally  wounded  just  by  his 
side,  another  bullet  passing  through  his  own  hair,  by  that  whisper  tell¬ 
ing  him  that  death  was  very  near  but  doing  him  no  other  harm. 

Night  came  on,  and  in  the  darkness  it  was  impossible  to  tell 
the  losses  of  the  enemy ;  numbers  were  seen  to  fall,  some  ran 
through  a  small  river,  others  cast  away  their  guns,  and  as  usual 
they  carried  away  their  dead.  Of  the  English  slain  at  Hatfield, 
Mr.  Russell’s  list  has  the  names  of  ten,  viz.:  Freegrace  Norton 
(Appleton’s  sergeant),  of  Ipswich,  mortally  wounded,  and  died 
at  Hadley  soon  after;  and  of  the  scouts,  Thomas  Meekins,  Jr., 
of  Hatfield  ;  Nathaniel  Collins,  his  servant,  Richard  Stone,  Samuel 
Clarke  of  Mosely’s  company,  John  Pocock  of  Captain  Poole’s, 
Thomas  Warner,  Abram  Quiddington,  perhaps  of  Boston, 
William  Olverton  (possibly  Overton),  John  Petts.  Three  of 
these  are  said  to  have  been  taken  alive,  of  whom  two  were 
redeemed  by  some  gentlemen  at  Albany,  and  arrived  at  New 
York  the  next  February  ;  one  of  these  belonged  in  Boston.  The 
third  man  was  barbarously  killed  by  the  Indians.  The  Indians 


150 


king  philip’s  war. 

evinced  a  stubborn  determination  to  destroy  these  river  towns, 
and  a  few  days  after  the  attack  upon  Hatfield  prepared  to 
asanlt  Northampton;  Major  Treat’s  opportune  arrival  foiled 
them  again.  They  waylaid  every  road  between  the  towns.  On 
the  27th  a  party  with  Major  Pynchon  were  thus  ambushed,  and 
John  Dumbleton  and  John  and  William  Brooks  were  killed. 
About  this  time  also  a  Mr.  Granger  was  wounded. 

In  their  letter  of  November  1st  the  Massachusetts  Council 
assure  Capt.  Appleton  of  speedy  action  in  regard  to  his  affairs  at 
the  seat  of  war.  They  sustain  him  in  his  authority  and  position 
towards  Connecticut  troops,  and  advise  him  that  in  case  Major 
Treat  again  withdraws,  to  improve  his  own  troops  as  best  he  may, 
and  await  their  further  advice.  They  rebuke  him  for  assuming 
to  appoint  Cornet  Poole  captain  without  their  authority,  and 
instruct  him  that  it  is  his  place  to  recommend  any  officer  for  pro¬ 
motion  to  the  Council  to  receive  his  commission  at  their  behest. 

On  November  10th  Capt.  Appleton  had  not  received  any  further 
advices  from  the  Council  and  writes  them  for  orders,  and  gives  ex¬ 
planation  of  his  action  in  regard  to  appointing  Poole,  that  he  acted 
from  necessity,  and  as  is  evident  very  wisely.  He  then  details  his 
motions  since  October  29th,  when  two  men  and  a  boy  at  Northamp¬ 
ton  were  attacked.  (These  were  Joseph  Baker,  Joseph  Baker,  Jr., 
and  Thomas  Salmon,  and  Mr.  Russell  puts  with  them  John  Rob¬ 
erts,  a  wounded  soldier,  who  died  there  soon  after.)  On  the  80th, 
at  night,  upon  an  alarm  from  Hatfield,  Capt.  Appleton  was  called 
out  of  his  bed  and  pushed  his  troops  across  the  river,  where  he  re¬ 
mained  over  the  next  day,  Sunday.  On  Monday  he  marched  ten 
or  twelve  miles  out  through  the  “  Chestnutt  Mountains,”  scouting, 
without  avail.  Tuesday  he  consulted  with  Major  Treat,  and  agreed 
to  march  on  Wednesday  night  with  their  whole  force  towards 
Deerfield,  which  they  did  without  finding  the  enemy,  and  returned 
late  at  night.  On  the  5th  an  alarm  at  Northampton,  and  another 
fruitless  search.  Upon  a  request  of  Major  Treat  on  the  6th  for 
permission  to  withdraw  his  soldiers  from  Westfield  to  seek  the 
enemy  down  the  river,  a  council-of-war  was  appointed  for  Monday 
the  8th,  at  which  meeting  Capt.  Appleton  took  the  ground  that  he 
had  no  authority  from  the  commissioners  to  grant  them  leave  to 
withdraw.  Major  Treat  took  a  very  frank  and  manly  position, 
by  no  means  hostile  to  Capt.  Appleton.  The  trouble  seems  to 
have  been  the  unwillingness  of  the  Connecticut  soldiers  to  remain 
in  garrison  at  Westfield.  The  report  of  the  council-of-war  is  sub¬ 
mitted  to  the  Massachusetts  Council  for  the  orders  of  the  commis¬ 
sioners.  He  says  they  are  at  loss  to  find  out  the  present  location 
or  intention  of  the  enemy,  but  fear  they  may  be  upon  them  in 
force  at  any  moment.  He  suggests  that  if  the  army  be  drawn  off 
for  the  winter  and  the  towns  garrisoned,  Connecticut  troops 
might  more  conveniently  be  placed  and  supplied  at  Westfield  and 
Northampton,  and  the  other  three  towns  garrisoned  with  Massa- 


OFFENSIVE  OR  DEFENSIVE  ? 


151 


chusetts  men.  He  reports  a  council-at-war,  at  which  David 
Bennet,  chirurgion,  was  expelled  from  the  army  for  “  quarrel¬ 
some  and  rebellious  Carriage,”  and  submits  the  action  for  ratifi¬ 
cation  to  the  Council.  He  sends  down  as  posts,  Serg.  James 
Johnson,  Serg.  John  Throp,  and  Nathaniel  Warner  of  Hadley, 
and  with  them  Capt.  Poole,  to  whom  he  refers  them  for  a  more 
detailed  account  of  matters. 

While  awaiting  the  long  delayed  instructions  of  the  Council, 
Capt.  Appleton  stood  in  a  very  difficult  position,  the  Connecticut 
officers  and  soldiers  in  great  impatience  and  almost  open  mutiny 
at  being  kept  in  garrison  ;  and  the  people,  crowded  into  the  gar¬ 
rison-houses  in  fear  that  Philip’s  whole  force  might  at  any  hour 
fall  upon  them,  were  threatening  to  abandon  their  towns.  The 
Council  of  Connecticut,  too,  were  apparently  interfering  with  his 
command  of  their  troops.  On  the  other  hand  were  the  authority 
and  orders  of  the  United  Commissioners,  to  which  he  adhered 
with  inflexible  energy.  On  November  12th  he  issued  a  proclama¬ 
tion  (Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  54)  to  the  inhabitants  and  soldiers  of 
all  those  towns  under  his  charge,  forbidding  any  one  to  with¬ 
draw  from  his  appointed  place  without  special  permission  “  given 
under  his  hand ;  ”  giving  his  reasons  for  the  step,  and  asserting 
the  authority  of  the  commissioners.  The  Connecticut  people 
were  very  loud  in  their  complaints  against  this  measure,  but  he 
rigidly  held  to  it,  daily  expecting  the  further  directions  promised 
by  the  Council  of  Massachusetts,  till  finally  despairing  of  such 
relief  he  reluctantly  yielded  to  the  importunities  of  Connecticut, 
and  on  November  19th  dismissed  Major  Treat  and  his  forces  at 
Westfield  to  march  downward  to  the  Connecticut  towns,  accom¬ 
panying  the  order  of  permission  with  an  urgent  request  to  the 
Council  there  that  W estfield  and  Springfield  may  be  regarrisoned 
by  their  forces.  On  the  same  day  he  writes  to  Governor  Leverett, 
complaining  of  the  long  neglect  of  the  Council  at  home,  and  say¬ 
ing  that  it  has  kept  him  in  constant  and  tedious  expectation  until 
obliged  to  yield  to  Connecticut’s  demands,  and  now  necessity 
forces  him  to  dispose  of  his  forces  as  best  he  may.  He  complains 
of  the  condition  of  the  horses ;  many  will  soon  be  unfit  for  ser¬ 
vice,  and  if  put  upon  “  dry  meate  ”  (i.e.  hay),  the  cattle  of  the 
people  must  perish  during  the  winter,  as  hay  is  very  scarce. 
They  have  no  certain  intelligence  of  the  enemy,  but  have  received 
word  from  Owenequo,  son  of  Uncas,  that  Philip  boasts  himself 
to  be  a  thousand  strong.  He  speaks  of  his  proclamation  and  its 
results,  and  encloses  a  copy  of  the  same  and  his  correspondence 
with  Connecticut  Council  also,  and  urges  the  Governor  to  send 
him  further  directions  speedily.  He  then  proceeds  to  garrison  the 
several  towns  with  the  forces  at  his  disposal,  the  details  of  which 
will  be  given  in  a  special  chapter.  The  following  orders  of  dis¬ 
posal  are  dated  November  19  and  20,  and  are  preserved  in  full 
in  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  58,  pp.  65  and  66. 


152 


king  philip’s  war. 


Twenty-nine  soldiers  taken  out  of  the  companies  of  Capts. 
Mosely  and  Poole  and  Lieut.  Upham  are  left  at  Westfield  in 
charge  of  Sergt.  Lamb,  and  all  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Aaron 
Cooke.  John  Roote  is  appointed  commissary  of  this  garrison, 
and  orders  are  drawn  upon  James  Richards,  of  Hartford,  or  Mr. 
Blackleach,  for  whatever  of  clothing  is  necessary.  Thirty-nine 
men  from  Capt.  Sill’s  company  are  left  at  Springfield  with  Lieut. 
Niles,  all  to  be  under  command  of  Major  Pynchon.  Twenty-six 
men  are  left  with  Sergt. - at  Northampton,  to  be  under  com¬ 

mand  of  Lieut.  Clark;  and  thirty  men  under  command  of  Capt. 
Poole  are  stationed  at  Hadley.  Thirty-six  are  left  at  Hatfield 
with  Sergt.  Graves,  under  command  of  Lieut.  Allice. 

Capt.  Appleton  appointed  a  council-of-war  for  the  ordering  of 
military  matters  in  the  towns,  consisting  of  the  commissioned  offi¬ 
cers  of  the  various  garrisons,  together  with  Dea.  Peter  Tilton,  of 
Hadley,  and  Sergt.  Isaac  Graves,  of  Hatfield,  and  Capt.  Poole  was 
made  president.  These  arrangements  seem  to  have  been  made  in 
anticipation  of  the  order  of  withdrawal  of  the  army,  which  was 
authorized  by  the  Council  on  November  16th.  — Mass.  Archives, 
vol.  68,  p.  58.  Their  letter  had  not  reached  him  on  November  19th. 
This  letter  gives  a  long  account  of  the  operations  of  Capts.  Hench¬ 
man  and  Syll  now  in  the  Nipmuck  country.  Then  “  touching  the 
disposal  of  the  Army,”  the  direction  is  left  at  his  discretion,  and  as 
to  the  wounded  men,  those  fit  for  garrison  duty  are  to  be  left  as  part 
of  the  garrison  soldiery  and  the  rest  to  be  comfortably  provided  for. 
The  special  instructions  seem  to  have  been  in  accordance  with  the 
Major’s  own  suggestions  in  his  last  letter  to  the  Council..  On  the 
march  home  it  is  suggested  that  he  come  by  way  of  “  Wabquisit” 
(now  in  Woodstock,  Conn.),  and,  if  convenient,  to  form  a 
junction  with  Henchman  and  Syll  and  “  distress  the  enemy  ” 
gathered  near  there.  This  little  plan,  so  easy  to  conceive  in 
the  Council  Chamber,  for  excellent  reasons  was  never  realized. 
Capt.  Appleton,  with  his  forces,  marched  homeward  probably 
about  November  24th.  Very  little  is  known  of  the  march  home¬ 
ward.  This  campaign  cost  the  colony  very  dearly  in  men  and 
means,  but  had  saved  from  destruction  five  of  the  seven  western 
towns.  For  the  first  time  since  the  war  began,  a  competent  com¬ 
mander  is  at  the  head  of  the  Massachusetts  troops. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  army  for  the  expedition  against 
the  Narraganset  Fort,  Major  Appleton  was  appointed  to  the  com¬ 
mand  of  the  Massachusetts  forces.  A  partial  account  of  that 
expedition  and  its  results  has  been  given  in  a  previous  chapter 
relating  to  Capt.  Mosely.  On  December  9th  the  Massachusetts 
force,  consisting  of  six  companies  of  foot  under  Capts.  Mosely, 
Gardiner,  Davenport,  Oliver  and  Johnson,  and  a  troop  of  horse 
under  Capt.  Prentice,  mustered  on  Dedham  Plain  under  com¬ 
mand  of  Major  Appleton,  who  himself  led  the  first  company. 
They  were  joined  by  the  Plymouth  forces,  two  companies  under 


153 


Appleton’s  command  at  narraganset. 


Major  William  Bradford  and  Capt.  John  Gorham.  The  quota  of 
Plymouth  Colony  was  one  hundred  and  fifty-eight  men.  That 
of  Massachusetts  five  hundred  and  twenty-seven. 

In  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  91,  I  find  this  fragment  rela¬ 
tive  to  Major  Appleton’s  division : 

The  full  complement  of  the  Massachusetts  is  527,  13  under  the  im¬ 
pressed  men,  so  that  if  there  should  want  13  troopers  and  be  but  62 
troopers  besides  their  officers  there  would  be  but  465  foote  &  if  less 
than  62  troopers  they  must  be  suplyed  with  so  many  foote  soldjers. 


These  seem  to  be  fragments  of  memoranda,  the  latter  list  being 
on  the  back  of  the  paper.  This  refers  to  the  number  in  the  six 
companies,  and  gives  an  excess  of  99  over  the  estimated  quota  of 
465  foot.  I  doubt  that  this  excess  includes  Capt.  Prentice’s 
troopers  as  might  at  first  appear,  his  company  not  being  set  down ; 
but  his  lists  and  credits  published  hereinbefore  give  few  if  any 
of  the  names  included  in  Appleton’s,  Mosely’s  or  Johnson’s 
lists,  which  were  taken  at  Dedham,  December  9th,  and  contain 
exactly  the  numbers  above.  It  is  probable  that  the  excess  con¬ 
sisted  of  volunteers,  the  regular  quota  being  impressed  men.  In 
this  expedition  Capt.  Mosely  took  Capt.  Hubbard’s  place,  and 
then  his  company  was  not  made  up  wholly  of  volunteers. 


Troopers  —  Boston 

15  foote 

Major  Appleton 

136 

Prentice 

20 

Capt.  Johnson 

75 

Hasey 

20 

Capt.  Ollivers 

83 

Corwine 

10 

Capt.  Davenport 

75 

Appleton 

1 

Capt.  Gardiner 

95 

— 

Capt.  Mosely 

92 

75  465 

540 

556 

465 

099 


Mr.  Hubbard  says  that  the  force  from  the  latter  colony  mus¬ 
tered  there  four  hundred  and  sixty-five  “  fighting  men  besides  a 
Troop  of  Horse  ”  under  Capt.  Prentice.  Gov.  Josiah  Winslow, 
of  Plymouth,  was  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  in  this  expe¬ 
dition,  and  with  this  force  marched  to  Woodcock’s  Garrison 
(Attleboro’),  that  day,  thence  to  Seaconck,  where  they  arrived 
on  the  night  of  the  11th,  and  on  the  12th  passed  over  Patuxet 
River,  and  by  way  of  Providence  arrived  at  Wickford,  at  Smith’s 
Garrison,  at  night.  After  several  days  spent  in  scouting  and 
skirmishing,  as  previously  related,  on  the  18th  they  all  marched 
out  to  Pettisquamscott  and  met  the  Connecticut  forces,  consist¬ 
ing  of  five  companies,  three  hundred  and  twenty-five  men,  under 
Major  Treat,  and  the  whole  army  were  forced  to  bivouac  in  the 
open  air  in  a  driving  snow-storm  during  the  night,  Bull’s  Garrison- 
house  at  that  place  having  been  burned  by  the  Indians  but  a  few 
days  before.  At  daybreak  next  morning  they  took  up  their 


154 


king  philip’s  war. 

march  over  the  rough  country  through  the  deepening  snow,  each 
man  carrying  his  own  arms,  rations,  etc.  In  this  march  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  division  led  ;  Plymouth  held  the  centre  and  Connecticut 
the  rear.  This  army,  the  largest  and  best  organized  that  had 
ever  been  in  the  field  in  the  American  colonies,  arrived  about 
1  o’clock,  P.M.,  at  the  borders  of  the  great  swamp  where  the 
Indians  had  gathered  in  great  numbers  and  had  built  a  strong 
fortification  and  now  awaited  the  attack.  The  full  account  of 
the  battle  must  be  completed  in  several  chapters,  wherein  the 
names  of  those  in  the  remaining  companies  of  Major  Appleton’s 
division  are  given.  The  conduct  of  the  Major  and  his  men  here, 
as  elsewhere,  was  creditable.  In  May,  1676,  the  Court  voted  to 
repay  the  losses  of  divers  persons  who  were  “  damnified  ”  by  the 
burning  of  Major  Appleton’s  tent  at  Narraganset. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Samuel  Appleton. 


December  10.  1675. 

Isaac  Ellery 

02 

10 

06 

Thomas  Davis 

04 

18 

06 

Daniel  Ringe,  Corp1 

04 

11 

00 

John  Ford 

03 

10 

00 

John  Pengilly,  Corp 1 

02 

19 

00 

Israel  Thorn 

03 

18 

00 

Stephen  Greenleaf 

08 

16 

10 

Thomas  Waite 

03 

18 

00 

Richard  Hancock 

03 

18 

00 

Francis  Young,  Corp 1 

04 

11 

00 

John  Whicher,  Serg1 

05 

17 

00 

Ezekiel  Woodward 

05 

17 

00 

William  Williams 

03 

18 

00 

Samuel  Rust 

04 

00 

00 

Joseph  Blancher 

02 

14 

10 

Sylvester  Hayes 

05 

03 

00 

George  Stedman 

02 

10 

06 

Stephen  Gullifer 

02 

10 

06 

Thomas  Sparke 

03 

18 

00 

Thomas  Hastings 

02 

14 

00 

John  Raymond 

03 

18 

00 

Roger  Vicar 

02 

10 

06 

Samuel  Foster 

03 

18 

00 

Stephen  Butler 

03 

18 

00 

Henry  Cooke 

03 

18 

00 

Robert  Sibly 

02 

10 

06 

Samuel  Hebard 

03 

18 

00 

William  Knowlton 

04 

16 

10 

John  Davis 

03 

18 

00 

Thomas  Brown 

02 

10 

06 

Samuel  Ierson 

03 

18 

00 

Thomas  Ferman 

04 

16 

10 

Joseph  Eaton 

02 

10 

06 

Isaac  Hsley 

02 

10 

06 

James  Brearly 

04 

16 

00 

Samuel  Brabrook 

02 

10 

06 

Abial  Sadler 

03 

18 

00 

Arthur  Neale 

02 

10 

06 

William  Wain wright 

03 

18 

00 

John  Boynton 

04 

16 

10 

Benjamin  Webster 

04 

16 

10 

Israel  Henerick 

03 

18 

00 

John  Warner 

02 

10 

06 

Robert  Simson 

03 

18 

00 

Ephraim  Cutter 

03 

04 

06 

Samuel  Very 

03 

18 

00 

Thomas  Abbey 

03 

18 

00 

Philip  Matoone 

02 

10 

06 

John  Dennis 

04 

18 

06 

Philemon  Dean 

05 

17 

00 

Josiah  Bridg 

07 

16 

00 

Gershom  Browne 

03 

18 

00 

Roger  Markes 

02 

10 

06 

Andrew  Heding 

02 

10 

06 

Timothy  Breed 

03 

18 

00 

Robert  Downes 

03 

18 

00 

Thomas  Chase 

03 

18 

00 

Robert  Pease 

03 

18 

00 

John  Parker 

01 

10 

00 

Thomas  Tenny 

03 

18 

00 

John  Wheeler 

09 

12 

00 

Thomas  Hazen 

03 

18 

00 

John  Conant 

04 

16 

10 

William  Webb 

02 

10 

06 

Edmond  Sheffeild 

04 

16 

00 

Solomon  Watts 

02 

10 

06 

John  Robins 

03 

18 

00 

Nathaniel  Masters 

04 

16 

10 

Anthony  Williams 

03 

18 

00 

CREDITED 

UNDER 

MAJOR  APPLETON. 

155 

John  Gamidg 

04 

16 

10 

Thomas  Hazon 

02 

14 

00 

Elias  Tatingham 

03 

18 

00 

Simon  Gawin 

02 

02 

00 

Eleazer  Flagg 

02 

10 

06 

Ephraim  Cutter 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Pepar 

02 

10 

06 

William  Brown 

02 

14 

00 

Seth  Story 

04 

16 

00 

Thomas  Waite 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Wood 

02 

10 

06 

William  Russell 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Mansfield 

03 

18 

00 

William  Sawyer 

02 

15 

08 

Benjamin  Chadwell 

02 

10 

06 

April  24,  1676 

John  Pikering,  1} 

04 

05 

10 

Francis  Young 

04 

05 

02 

John  Newell 

03 

18 

00 

Samuel  Browne  ) 

no 

1  A 

Richard  Sutton,  Corp 1 

05 

12 

00 

Gershom  Browne  j 

UZ 

14: 

UU 

John  Rily 

02 

10 

06 

Solomon  Watts 

02 

02 

00 

Michael  DeReeke 

04 

16 

10 

Stephen  Gullipher 

03 

03 

00 

Jeremiah  Swaine,  D 

09 

15 

00 

Manasseh  Kempthorne 

03 

08 

06 

Benjamin  Langdon 

02 

10 

06 

Thomas  Abby 

05 

02 

00 

Richard  Bryar 

03 

18 

00 

June  24th,  1676 

William  Stanly 

03 

16 

02 

John  Thorp 

08 

18 

00 

Joseph  Richardson 

03 

18 

00 

Joseph  Eaton 

02 

14 

00 

Henry  Bedwell 

04 

16 

10 

John  Mors,  Commisary  07 

10 

00 

John  Tappin 

04 

16 

10 

John  Dodge 

01 

10 

00 

Caleb  Richardson 

04 

16 

10 

Edward  Neland 

02 

00 

00 

Edward  Ardway 

04 

16 

10 

Edward  Marston 

01 

04 

00 

Thomas  Parlor 

03 

18 

00 

Ambros  Dawes 

03 

06 

06 

Daniel  Hawes 

02 

10 

06 

Jonathan  Emery 

02 

14 

00 

Robert  Dutch 

04 

16 

10 

Jonathan  Copp 

04 

19 

06 

Samuel  Ingolls 

03 

18 

00 

Thomas  Davis 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Copp 

02 

10 

06 

Simon  Adams 

02 

14 

00 

William  Bateman 

04 

16 

00 

William  Knowlton 

02 

16 

06 

Stephen  Greenleaf 

00 

16 

00 

Thomas  Rogers 

02 

15 

08 

January  25,  1675-6 

Jonathan  Emery 

01 

00 

00 

William  Hawkins,  Dr. 

04 

08 

06 

Christopher  Keniston 

04 

10 

00 

John  Warner 

01 

16 

00 

Thomas  Dow 

02 

14 

00 

Ralph  Powell 

01 

12 

06 

Eleazer  Flagg 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Copp 

01 

04 

00 

John  Davis 

02 

14 

00 

March  24,  1675 

-6 

George  Stedman 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Kylam 

02 

15 

06 

Thomas  French 

02 

15 

08 

Samuel  Peirce 

02 

15 

08 

James  Butterick 

02 

14 

00 

Edward  Ardway 

02 

15 

08 

Seth  Story 

03 

06 

00 

John  Thomas 

02 

15 

08 

Eliah  Tottingham 

01 

15 

02 

Samuel  Foster 

02 

14 

00 

John  Pengilly 

04 

04 

09 

John  Harvy 

03 

00 

00 

Henry  Poore 

02 

15 

08 

Edmund  Brown 

03 

05 

08 

John  Raymant 

02 

16 

06 

Samuel  Tiler 

03 

07 

08 

Isaac  Ashby 

02 

16 

06 

Lewis  Zacharius 

02 

15 

08 

James  Spike 

00 

18 

00 

Philemon  Dane 

05 

11 

04 

Samuel  Poore 

02 

16 

06 

William  Hodgkin 

02 

15 

08 

John  Cutler  Chirurgion 

10 

00 

00 

John  Perkins 

03 

05 

00 

Robert  Simson 

04 

04 

00 

Thomas  Palmer 

02 

14 

00 

Robert  Leech 

03 

18 

00 

Joseph  Bigsby 

02 

14 

00 

John  Lovell 

02 

15 

08 

Robert  Downes 

02 

15 

08 

Abiell  Sadler 

02 

15 

08 

John  Layton 

02 

14 

00 

Philip  Matoon 

02 

15 

08 

John  Stickney 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Sparkes 

02 

14 

00 

156 


king  philip’s  war. 


Jacob  Wilier,  Chirurgionl5 
Samuel  Appleton,  Major  30 


July  24th  1676 
Richard  Godfrey  04 

Morgon  Jones  02 

Joshuah  Boynton  02 

Nicholas  Rawlins  02 

August  24th  1676 
Zacheus  Newmarch  02 

Richard  Way  06 

Benjamin  Newman  02 

Abraham  Fitch  02 

Samuel  Perkins  02 


00 

00 

Richard  Prior 

02 

15 

08 

00 

00 

David  Bennett 

13 

00 

00 

John  Lovitt 

01 

04 

00 

16 

00 

Israel  Blake 

01 

04 

00 

14 

00 

Abraham  Drake 

01 

04 

00 

14 

00 

Morris  Hobbs 

01 

04 

00 

15 

08 

Francis  Gennings 

01 

04 

00 

John  Sleeper 

01 

04 

00 

14 

00 

Israel  Clifford 

01 

04 

00 

15 

00 

Micael  Towsely 

01 

04 

00 

08 

10 

William  Samborn 

01 

04 

00 

14 

00 

Thomas  Roby 

01 

04 

00 

15 

08 

John  Browne 

01 

04 

00 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  104. 


A  List  of  Major  Sam1  Apletons  Souldjers  y‘  were  slayne  &  wounded 
The  19th  Decemb  ’75  at  the  Indian’s  fort  at  Narraganset 


Samuell  Taylor  of  Ipswich  ) 

Isaac  Illery  of  Glocester  ( 

Daniel  Rolfe  of  Newbery  ( 

Samuel  Taylor  of  Rowley 1  ) 

Leift.  Jerrimyah  S wayne  of  Redding 
Roger  Markes  of  Andiver 
Isaac  Ilsley  of  Newbery 
Wm  Standley  of  Newbery 
Dani.  Somersby  of  Newbery 
Jonathan  Emery  of  Newbery 
Jn°  Dennison  of  Ipswich 
Jn°  Harvey  of  Newbery 
George  Timson  of  Ipswich 
Tho:  Dowe  of  Ipswich 
Symon  Gowen  of  Rowley 
Benj.  Webster  of  Salem 
Ellja  Thathan  of  Oborne 
Tho:  Abey  of  Wen  ham 
Benj.  Langdon  of  Boston 
Solomon  Watts  of  Roxbury 
Jn°  Warner  of  Charlestowne 
Samuell  Boutericke  of  Cambridge 


4  men  Slayne 


eighteen  men  wounded  who 
are  at  Road  Island  except  y® 
Left.  &  Roger  Marks 

January  6 ’75 


The  following  paper,  preserved  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68, 
p.  97,  is  the  roll  of  Major  Appleton’s  company  in  the  Narraganset 
campaign.  Jeremiah  Swain  of  Reading  was  Lieutenant. 

Serg’t  Ezek  Woodward  Steven  Buttler  Steven  Gullever 

Serg’t  John  Whicher  Samuell  Verry  Daniell  Hall 

1  In  the  list  of  killed  appear  two  Samuel  Taylors.  In  the  credits  is  found  Samuel  Tiler.  In  a 
list  of  men  impressed  at  Rowley,  Nov.  29, 1675, 1  find  Samuel  Tiller.  Among  the  wounded,  Timson 
undoubtedly  meant  Stimpson,  and  “  Illja  Thathan  of  Oborne,”  was  what  the  clerk  made  out  of 
Elijah  Tattingham  of  Woburn.  The  name  appears  elsewhere  as  Totenham  and  Totman.  The 
other  changes  are  simple. 


157 


OTHER  LISTS  OF  APPLETON’S  MEN. 


Serg’t  ffrancis  Young 
Serg’t  Daniel  Ringe 
Corp  John  Pengillie 
Corp  James  Brarly 
Clarke  Phillemon  Dean 
Trumpr  John  Wheeler 
Trump  Josiah  Bridges 
Thomas  Wayte 
Thomas  Sparkes 
Abiell  Saddler 
Gershom  Browne 
Israel  Henricks 
Thomas  Tennie 
Thomas  Hazon 
Robert  Downes 
Richard  Briar 
Joseph  Richardson 
Thomas  Chase 
William  Williams 
Thomas  Abbey 
John  Rayment 
Robert  Leach 
Samuell  Hebbert 
Anthonie  Williams 


William  Waynright 
Samuell  Foster 
Henry  Cooke1 
Robert  Simson 
Israel  Thorne 
Samuell  Ierson 
John  Newhalle 
Timothie  Breed 
Samuel  Pipin 
Phillip  Mattoone 
Nath  Wood 
Robert  Sibbly 
Will.  Webb 
Joseph  Eaton 
Roger  Yicar 
Arthur  Neale 
Isaac  Ellirie 
Ben  Chadwell 
John  Davis 
Samuel  Brabrooke 
Isack  Ilsley 
Roger  Markes 
Ben  Leingdon 
John  Reylie 


Solomon  Watts 
Eliezer  Flagg 
John  Warner 
Thomas  Firman 
Will  Knowlton 
Nath  Masters 
Michale  Derrick 
Thomas  Davis 
Calleb  Richardson 
John  Boyenton 
Seth  Stoi-y 
Ben  Webbster 
Edward  Ardaway 
Samuel  Ruste 
Silvester  Haz 
Will  Russel 
Sam.  Peirce 
Sam.  Buttrick 
Ephraim  Cutter 
George  Stedman 
Edmund  Sheffeild 
Roger  Joans,  75 


Those  yt  are  wanting 

John  Ford  John  Davis 

Thomas  Parlor  Robert  Peas 


The  men  yt  are  now  listed 


Mosses  Pengrie 
John  Denison 
John  Perkins 
Abraham  Knowlton 
Thomas  ffossey 1 
Lewis  Zachriah 
John  Lovwell 
Sam.  Peirce 
George  Stimson 
Thomas  Dow 
Thomas  ffrensh 
Sam.  Hunt 
John  Thomas 
Abraham  Fitts 
Richard  Bedford 
Thomas  Killam 
Isack  Cummins 
Richard  Partsmore 


Samuel  Perkins 
Peter  Emmons 
Nath  Emerson 
Symond  Adams 
Zacheus  Newmarsh 
John  Hobkins 
John  Sticknie 
Joseph  Jewett 
Joshua  Boyenton 
John  Leyton 
John  Jackson 
Will  Brown 
Caleb  Jackson 
Sam.  Tyler 
Thomas  Palmor 
Joseph  Bigsby 
Simond  Gowin 
Daniell  Somersby 


Christopher  Bartlet 
Edmond  Browne 
Jonathan  Emerie 
Christopher  Kenniston 
Christopher  Cole 
John  Straton 
John  Harvey 
George  Maier 
Nicolaz  Rollings 
Thomas  Roggers 
Cornelius  Davis 
Jonathan  Clarke 
Will’m  Say  ward 
William  Warrin 
John  Shepard 
John  Guylie 
Morgain  Joanes 


1  Are  scratched  out  in  the  MS.  ffossey  appears  elsewhere  as  Fausee,  Pipin  as  Pepar,  Guylie 
as  Guild.  Some  twenty-five  on  this  list  do  not  appear  in  Hull’s  credits  under  Major  Appleton, 
but  I  have  found  nearly  all  mentioned  elsewhere. 


158 


king  philip’s  wak. 


Richard  Priar 
Ben  Newman 
Will  Hodskins 
Sam  Taylor 
Amos  Goddin 


Samuell  Lovewell 
Steven  Swet 
Izrah  Rofl 
Sam.  Poore 
Henry  Poore 


61  new  men 
75  old  souldjers 
136 


Soon  after  the  battle  of  Narraganset  Major  Appleton  retired 
from  his  protracted  and  arduous  service  in  the  field.  On  the 
19th  of  October,  1676,  the  Court  appointed  him  to  command  an 
expedition  to  Pascataqua ;  but  he  probably  declined,  as  the  order 
was  rescinded  on  October  23d.  He  was  reelected  deputy  in 
1676,  and  subsequently,  except  1678,  until  1681,  when  he  was 
chosen  Assistant,  and  remained  in  that  office  till  the  coming  in  of 
the  Andros  government  in  1686.  He  was  proscribed  by  Sir 
Edmund’s  officer,  Randolph,  as  one  of  the  “  factious.”  He  was 
arrested  on  the  general  complaint  of  being  “  evil  disposed  and 
seditious,”  October  19th,  1687,  and  refusing  to  submit  and  give 
bonds  for  his  good  behavior,  was  committed  to  Boston  jail,  where 
he  was  kept  many  months  till  his  age  and  increasing  infirmities 
forced  a  reluctant  submission,  and  he  was  set  at  liberty,  March  7, 
1688.  In  the  new  charter  of  William  and  Mary,  in  1691,  he  was 
made  one  of  the  Council.  He  died  May  15,  1696,  leaving  an 
honored  name  which  his  posterity  have  continued  in  honor  to  the 
present  day.  “  Of  all  the  military  commanders  of  this  war  I  must 
consider  Major  Appleton  the  ablest ;  and .  the  tide  of  warfare  in 
the  western  towns  turned  towards  safe  and  successful  methods 
from  the  time  of  his  appointment  to  the  command.  I  should 
place  Major  Treat,  of  Connecticut,  next  to  him,  and  perhaps  in 
the  same  position  he  would  have  been  equal.” 


IX. 


CAPT.  ISAAC  JOHNSON  AND  HIS  MEN. 


ISAAC  JOHNSON  was  the  son  of  John,  of  Roxbury.  He  was 
born  in  England  and  came  to  Massachusetts  with  his  father’s 
family,  probably  in  the  company  with  Gov.  Winthrop.  He 
was  admitted  freeman  March  4,  1635. 

He  was  of  the  Artillery  Company  in  1645,  and  was  its  captain 
in  1667.  He  was  ensign  of  the  “  Rocksberry  ”  military  company 
previous  to  1653,  and  on  June  13th  of  that  year  was  elected  cap¬ 
tain.  He  was  representative  1671. 

He  married  Elizabeth  Porter,  of  Roxbury,  January  20,  1637, 
and  had  Elizabeth,  born  Dec.  24, 1637 ;  John,  born  Nov.  3,  1639, 
died  1661;  Mary,  born  24  April,  1642;  Isaac,  baptized  7  Jan’y, 
1644;  Joseph,  baptized  9  Nov.,  1645,  died  soon ;  Nathaniel,  born 
1  May,  1647.  The  daughter  Elizabeth  married  Henry  Bowen, 
who  became  lieutenant  of  his  company  and  was  in  the  Swamp 
Fight.  The  Bowens,  with  many  other  Roxbury  people,  removed 
sometime  after  1686  to  the  township  of  New  Roxbury,  granted 
them  by  Massachusetts  Colony,  but  was  afterwards  found  to 
be  within  the  Connecticut  bounds  and  was  renamed  Woodstock. 
The  eldest  son  Isaac  married  Mary  Harris  and  removed  to  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  Isaac’s  son  Joseph  inherited  his  grandfather’s 
Narraganset  claim,  being  then  of  Woodstock.  The  captain’s 
daughter  Mary  married,  in  1663,  William  Bartholomew,  and  re¬ 
moved  to  Branford,  Conn.  The  youngest  son,  Nathl.  Johnson, 
married  Mary  Smith  in  1667,  and  sometime  after  1683  removed, 
probably  to  Marlborough.  Through  these  four  surviving  children 
Capt.  Johnson’s  descendants  were  quite  numerous.  His  widow 
died  13  Aug.,  1683. 

On  the  6th  of  July,  1675,  while  the  forces  under  Major  Savage 
were  at  Mount  Hope,  Capt.  J ohnson  was  sent  with  a  small  escort 
to  conduct  the  fifty-two  friendly  Indians,  raised  by  Major  Gookin, 
to  the  army.  From  the  fragment  of  a  letter  from  Capt.  Johnson 
to  the  Court,  dated  at  Boston,  July  10,  1675,  we  learn  that  a 
company  of  these  Indians  was  sent  back  from  Mount  Hope  with 
him,  and  that  some  trouble  occurred  with  one  of  the  oldest,  called 
Tom,  at  Woodcock’s  Garrison,  where  they  were  resting  on  the 
march.  This  is  the  letter  as  it  remains.  I  am  not  sure  that  this 
is  not  the  whole  of  the  letter  or  statement: 


160 


king  philip’s  war. 


Upon  the  4th  day  of  this  week  being  at  Woodcockes  house  and  the 
Inglish  and  the  Indians  geting  some  refreshment  and  fixing  their  arms 
there  was  one  from  the  oldest  of  them  iudians  that  was  sent  backe  with 
us  from  the  Army  and  withdrew  himselfe  from  our  Company  under 
the  pretence  of  geting  a  helve  for  his  hachet  but  staying  long  we  sent 
out  6  men  to  see  if  they  could  find  him  in  their  search  they  found  his 
hachet  and  a  new  knife :  of  his  and  returned  without  him  we  being  de¬ 
sirous  if  it  might  be  to  find  what  had  becom  of  him  sent  againe  6  men 
they  could  not  yet  find  him,  we  went  to  super  (that  is  we  seaven  Inglish) 
before  it  was  quite  darke  and  while  we  were  at  super  the  said  Tom  did 
make  aproach  towards  the  other  indians  and  was  deserned  by  them  and 
som  of  them  called  to  him  (sum  say  it  was  one  or  more  of  the  indian 
Sentinells  called  to  him)  and  bid  him  stand  but  he  would  not  but  fled 
away  upon  the  which  there  being  sum  stire  or  commosion  amongst  the 
indians  we  rose  from  super  and  went  out  they  telling  us  what  was  the 
caus  of  the  tumult  amongst  them  ;  there  was  an  indian  seen  as  before  and 
now  was  run  away  telling  of  us  which  way  he  went  I  bad  them  follow 
and  see  if  they  could  each  him  and  Woodcock  sent  out  his  doggs  also 
they  did  soone  take  him  and  one  of  the  Indians  laying  hold  of  him  this 
indian  did  strike  him  on  the  side  of  the  necke  with  a  hatchet  which  he 
had  borrowed  to  get  a  helve  for  his  owne ;  but  the  indian  that  was 
strooke  by  sum  indians  preventing  the  force  of  the  blow  the  hurt  was 
small  which  otherwise  might  have  beene  mortall  for  any  thing  we  know ; 
we  Inglish  making  all  the  hast  to  them  we  could  did  rescue  the  man  that 
is  that  tom  out  of  the  rest  of  the  indians  hands  as  wee  did  apprehend 
caus  lest  he  should  have  beene  pulled  in  peeces  or  killed  by  them  ;  we 
had  him  in  to  Woodcocks  hous;  I  asked  him  the  reson  of  his  doing 
after  that  maner  as  he  did  doing  as  though  he  intended  mischeefe  where 
as  he  had  promised  the  govenor  of  the  bay  he  would  doe  faithful 
service  against  phillip  and  his  men ;  he  answered  he  was  counseled  to 
doe  as  he  did  by  Samson  and  another  long  Island  indian  they  two 
indians  were  called  and  I  asking  of  them  if  they  did  give  Tom  counsell 
to  doe  us  hurt  or  to  make  trouble  amongst  us  Samson  first  spake 
dening  to  have  given  Tom  any  such  counsell ;  then  the  long  Island 
indian  spook  denieing  any  such  thing :  upon  which  said  Tom  laid  two 
peeces  of  mony  in  my  hand  and  told  me  they  each  of  them  gave  him 
one  of  them  peeces  to  hire  hime  to  do  what  he  did :  they  bothe  denied 
the  giving  of  him  any  mony ;  woodcoke  being  by  desired  he  might  se 
the  mony  I  gave  it  him ;  he  says  Tom  had  that  mony  of  him  he  having 
soe  much  lickors  of  him  as  cam  to  3d  he  changed  a  shilling  for  the  said 
Tom  &  gave  him  a  6d  &  a  3d  and  that  was  the  6d  &  3d  which  Tom  did 
not  denie.  I  told  Tom  he  pretending  soe  as  he  had  done  to  the  gover¬ 
nor  as  before  and  marching  with  us  now  part  of  two  dayes  and  serve 
us  thus  he  did  acknowledg  he  had  rebelld  &  deserved  to  dye  only  de¬ 
sired  he  might  die  a  quick  .  .  .  death  by  which  I  doe  supose  his 

meaning  was  that  he  might  not  be  delivered  into  the  hands  of  the 
Indians 

boston  18th  July  1675  youer  honnor8  Servant 

Isaac 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  219.  Johnson 

Here  we  see  the  prejudice  against  the  Indian  blinding  the 


JOHNSON  AT  NARRAGANSET. 


161 


captain  to  the  real  culprit,  Woodcock,  whose  “lickors”  had 
made  the  poor  savage  “crazy  drunk.” 

On  July  15th,  on  the  news  of  the  attack  upon  Mendon,  Capt. 
Johnson  was  sent  out  with  a  company  to  relieve  that  town,  and 
was  joined  there  by  Capt.  Prentice  and  his  troop  about  July  21st. 
The  two  captains  address  letters  to  the  Court  July  23d,  explain¬ 
ing  the  situation  of  affairs  at  Mendon ;  these  letters  are  lost,  but 
notice  of  them  occurs  (Mass.  Arch.  vol.  67,  p.  226)  in  a  Court 
Order  of  July  26th,  commanding  the  return  of  both  companies, 
except  a  guard  to  be  left  at  Mendon  by  Capt.  Johnson. 

Upon  the  mustering  of  forces  for  the  Narraganset  campaign, 
Capt.  Johnson  was  placed  in  command  of  a  company  made  up  of 
men  from  Roxbury,  Dorchester,  Milton,  Braintree,  Weymouth, 
Hingham  and  Hull,  seventy-five  all  told.  Eight  more  were  im¬ 
pressed,  but  did  not  appear.  The  company  took  part  in  the 
memorable  march  and  attack  on  the  fort,  as  before  related,  and 
the  brave  captain  was  among  the  first  to  fall  while  gallantly  lead¬ 
ing  his  men  across  the  fallen  tree-trunks  at  the  entrance  to  the 
fort. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Isaac  Johnson. 


August  27  1675 

Sept.  1401 

Benjamin  Wilson 

00 

12 

00 

John  Whaley 

02 

09 

00 

John  Gates 

00 

12 

00 

Thomas  Wadduck 

00 

11 

00 

John  Barnes 

00 

12 

00 

Nov.  30th 

William  Gemmison  (alias 

John  Ireson 

00 

11 

00 

Jamison) 

00 

12 

00 

William  Jaques 

00 

11 

00 

Thomas  Hunt 

00 

12 

00 

Jan’y  25th  1675- 

-6 

Experience  Orris 

01 

12 

00 

Nathaniel  Beale 

00 

17 

00 

Richard  Cowell 

00 

12 

00 

February  29 

Isaac  Johnson  Capt. 

05 

17 

03 

John  Langley 

01 

00 

00 

James  Couch 

00 

12 

00 

William  Hasey 

02 

14 

00 

David  Landon 

00 

11 

02 

Samuel  Lincolne 

04 

01 

00 

John  Rugles 

00 

12 

00 

Joshua  Lazell 

02 

14 

00 

Sept.  3d 

March  24th  1675 

Ephraim  Child 

00 

12 

00 

Joseph  Richards 

02 

16 

00 

George  Walden 

00 

12 

00 

Allin  Dugland 

00 

11 

02 

Nath1  Toy 

00 

12 

00 

Thomas  Thaxter 

02 

16 

00 

John  Burrell 

02 

14 

00 

Under  Capt  Johnson  and  Capt  Jacob 

March  24th  1675 

Isaac  Prince 

02 

14 

00 

Francis  Gardnett 

02 

14 

00 

George  Vicary 

02 

09 

00 

Ephraim  Lane 

02 

14 

00 

John  Bosworth 

02 

14 

00 

James  Read 

02 

14 

00 

Christopher  Wheaton 

02 

08 

00 

William  Mellowes 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Benson 

02 

16 

00 

John  Whitmarsh 

02 

14 

00 

Isaac  Morris 

02 

14 

00 

John  Read 

02 

14 

00 

April  24,  1676 

James  Humphreys 

02 

14 

00 

John  Fenner 

00 

15 

04 

John  Lovell 

03 

00 

00 

William  Davenport 

02 

14 

00 

Isaac  Cole 

02 

14 

00 

162 


king  philip’s  war. 


Under  Capt  Johnson,  June  24th 


John  Scott 

02 

14 

00 

Benjamin  Bates 

05 

02 

00 

Samuel  Gardner 

02 

16 

00 

Joseph  Goard 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Wilson 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Basse 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Tucker 

04 

01 

00 

Ebenezer  Owen 

02 

14 

00 

William  Saveli 

03 

12 

00 

Francis  Nash 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Copelane 

02 

14 

00 

Martin  Sakins 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Pitcher 

00 

12 

00 

James  Atkins 

02 

14 

10 

Isaac  Johnson  Capt. 

05 

11 

00 

William  Lincolne 

02 

09 

00 

John  Watson 

01 

16 

00 

John  Langley 

04 

00 

00 

Hezekiah  King 

02 

19 

00 

Henry  Bowen  Lieut. 

06 

03 

00 

Ebenezer  Hill 

02 

14 

00 

July  24 

John  Plum 

02 

14 

00 

Zachariah  Gurny 

02 

14 

00 

Charles  Cahan 

02 

14 

00 

Onesiphorus  Stanly 

02 

14 

00 

John  Spurr 

02 

14 

00 

August  24 

Henry  Bartlett 

02 

14 

00 

Hopestill  Humphries 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Grant 

02 

14 

00 

John  Watson 

00 

18 

00 

Sept  23d 

John  Bull 

00 

18 

00 

Thomas  Davenport 

00 

10 

02 

The  following  list  of  Capt.  Johnson’s  company,  made  at  Ded¬ 
ham  December  10th,  1675,  is  preserved  in  Massachusetts 
Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  293. 


List  of  Capt  Johnson’s  Company 


Roxtoiry, 
Henry  Bowen 
John  Watson 
Wm  Lincolne 
Abiel  Lamb 
John  Scot 
Onesiphorus  Stanly 
Isaack  Morrice 
Wm  Danforth 
Joseph  Goad 
Sam11  Gardiner 
Nath:  Wilson 
John  Hubbard 
Tho:  Baker 

wanting 
Thom:  Cheney 
John  Corbin 
John  Newel 

Dorchester 
Hen’y  Mare  his  man 
Hopestill  Humphrey 
John  Spurre 
Ebenezer  Hill 
Nicholas  Weymouth 
John  Plummer 
Charles  Cahan 


Tho:  Grant 
Tho:  Davenport 
Robert  Stanton 
wanting 

Henry  Withington 
George  Minot 
Isaac  Ryall 
Milton 
John  Fennow 
Obadiah  Wheaten 
Joseph  Tucker 
Benj.  Crane 

Braintry 
Ebenezer  Owen 
Sam.  Basse 
W'"  Sable 
Tho:  Holbrook 
Rich  Thayer 
Martin  Saunders 
Francis  Nash 
Increase  Niles 
Henry  Bartlet 
Tho:  Copeland 
James  Atkins 
Jonathan  Pitcher 


Weymouth 
Hezek:  King 
Jonas  Humphrey 
Joseph  Richards 
Allin  Dugland 
John  Whitmarsh 
Peeter  Gurnay 
Edward  Kingman 
John  Read 
James  Read 
John  Lovet 
Will  Mellis 
John  Hollis 
John  Burril 

Hivgham 
Benj.  Bates 
John  Jacob 
John  Langley 
Edward  Wilder 
Tho:  Thaxter 
Ebenezer  Lane 
Sam:  Lincolne 
Ephraim  Lane 
Joshua  Lazel 
John  Bull 
W'"  Hearsey 


THE  WOUNDED  AND  SLAIN. 


163 


Francis  Gardiner 
Nath  Beales 
Nath  Nichols 
Humphrey  Johnson 
wanting 


Wm  Woodcock 
Hull 

George  Vicar 
John  Bosworth 
Joseph  Benson 


Wm  Chamberlin 
Christo:  Wheaton 
Isaack  Prince 
Isaack  Cole 
Henry  Chamberlain 
75  appeared 
8  appeared  not 


The  following  is  preserved  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  page 

104: 


The  names  of  those  soldiers  yl 
Johnson’s  Compa  December  1675 
Capt  Isa:  Johnson  of  Roxbury 
Jonathan  Pitcher,  Bran ;  (Brain¬ 
tree) 

Tho:  Davenport  Dr  ( Dorchester ) 
Allin  Dugland  of  Weymouth, 

4  slain 

Jos0  Watson  of  Roxbury 
Wm  Linckorn  of  Roxbury 


were  slayne  &  wounded  of  Capt 

John  Spur  of  Dorchester 
Benj.  Crane  of  Milton 
Jn°  Langley  of  Hingham 
Jn°  faxton  of  Hingham 
Isaack  King  of  Weymouth 
Left.  Phineas  Upham  of  Malden 
wounded  eight,  and  were  at 
Road  Island  Jan.  6th  1675-6 


Upon  the  death  of  Capt.  Johnson  and  the  mortal  wound  of 
Lieut.  Upham,  the  command  of  that  company  devolved  upon 
Ensign,  afterwards  Lieut.,  Henry  Bowen.  After  the  battle,  it 
would  appear  that  Capt.  John  Jacob  of  Hingham  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  the  company,  as  many  of  the  credits  show  his 
vouchers  in  the  account. 


X. 


CAPT.  JOSEPH  GARDINER  AND  HIS  MEN. 


JOSEPH  GARDINER  (or  Gardner)  was  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Margaret  Gardner  of  Salem.  He  married,  before  August, 
1656,  Anne  Downing,  daughter  of  Emanuel  Downing  and 
niece  of  the  first  Gov.  Winthrop. 

He  was  a  man  of  energy  and  ability,  and  held  many  positions 
of  honor  and  importance  in  Salem.  In  May,  1672,  he  was 
appointed  by  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  lieutenant  of 
the  foot  company  under  Capt.  William  Price  of  Salem. 

On  May  12,  1675,  the  militia  of  Salem  was  divided  into  two 
companies  by  order  of  the  Court,  and  by  the  same  order  the  elec¬ 
tion  of  Joseph  Gardiner  as  captain  of  the  First  Company  in  Salem 
was  confirmed.  When  the  expedition  against  Narraganset  was 
organized,  Capt.  Gardiner  was  appointed,  November  3,  1675,  to 
command  the  company  raised  at  Salem  and  the  adjoining  towns, 
and  mustered  his  men,  ninety-five  strong,  at  Dedham  Plain  De¬ 
cember  10th,  and  marched  with  the  army  towards  the  rendezvous 
at  Wickford.  During  the  march  several  skirmishes  took  place, 
and  Mr.  Hubbard  relates  that  some  of  Stone-wall- John’s  crew 
“met  with  some  of  Capt.  Gardiner’s  men  that  were  stragling 
about  their  own  business  contrary  to  order,  and  slew  his  Sergeant 
with  one  or  two  more.”  In  “  Capt.  Oliver’s  Narrative  ”  it  is  re¬ 
lated  that  on  this  occasion  the  Indians  “  killed  two  Salem  men 
within  a  mile  of  our  quarters  and  wounded  a  third  so  that  he  is 
dead.”  The  names  of  these  are  given  in  the  list  below.  The 
fall  of  Capt.  Gardner  is  thus  related  in  Church’s  “  Entertaining 
History :  ” 

Mr.  Church  spying  Capt.  Gardner  of  Salem  amidst  the  Wigwams 
in  the  East  end  of  the  Fort,  made  towards  him  ;  but  on  a  sudden  while 
they  were  looking  each  other  in  the  face,  Capt.  Gardner  settled  down, 
Mr.  Church  stepped  to  him,  and  seeing  the  blood  run  down  his  cheek 
lifted  up  his  cap  and  calling  him  by  name,  he  looked  up  in  his  face  but 
spake  not  a  word,  being  mortally  Shot  through  the  head. 

After  the  death  of  Capt.  Gardiner,  the  command  of  his  com¬ 
pany  fell  upon  his  lieutenant,  William  Hathorn,  under  whom 


CAPT.  GARDINER’S  COMPANY. 


165 


the  men  served  during  the  campaign,  until  disbanded  in  Febru¬ 
ary.  It  is  thus  that  the  men  were  credited  sometimes  under  Gar¬ 
diner,  sometimes  Hathorn,  occasionally  both ;  the  latter’s  name, 
signed  to  the  voucher  or  “  debenter  ”  which  each  soldier  presented 
to  the  paymaster,  doubtless  confused  the  clerk  and  caused  this 
appearance  of  double  command.  Capt.  Hathorn’s  subsequent 
career  at  the  eastward  will  be  given  in  its  proper  place. 

Capt.  Gardiner’s  widow,  then  aged  about  thirty-four,  married 
June  6,  1676,  Gov.  Simon  Bradstreet,  whose  age  was  about 
seventy-three.  She  died  April  19,  1713,  aged  79.  Leaving  no 
children,  Capt.  Gardiner’s  Narraganset  claim  fell  to  the  oldest 
male  heir  of  his  eldest  brother  Thomas.  This  heir  was  Habakkuk 
Gardiner,  son  of  the  Captain’s  nephew  Thomas,  who  in  the  list 
of  claimants  claims  in  the  “  right  of  his  uncle,  Capt.  Joseph 
Gardiner.” 

Capt.  Joseph  Gardiner  and  his  men. 


February  29th  1675  &  6 

Amos  Gurdon 

02 

14 

10 

£ 

s. 

d, 

Peter  Emons 

02 

14 

10 

William  Hathorne,  Capt.  11 

09 

08 

William  Webb 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Gray 

03 

06 

07 

Robert  Sibly 

02 

14 

00 

Peter  Cary 

02 

14 

00 

Andrew  Ringe 

05 

08 

00 

Jeremiah  Neall 

04 

18 

00 

Benjamin  Langdon 

03 

00 

00 

Peter  Cole 

02 

14 

00 

James  Briar ly 

04 

01 

00 

Joseph  Price 

01 

13 

00 

Benjamin  Webster 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Tarbox 

03 

09 

03 

Freegrace  Norton 

03 

12 

00 

Sam.  Beadle 

04 

01 

00 

Israel  Thorne 

02 

14 

00 

Benjamin  Hooper 

02 

14 

00 

Ezekiel  Woodward 

02 

04 

00 

Rice  Husband 

02 

14 

00 

John  Wheeler 

05 

08 

00 

Marke  Stacy 

02 

14 

00 

William  Wain wright 

02 

14 

00 

William  Hollis 

02 

18 

00 

John  Boutell 

00 

18 

00 

John  Clark 

01 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Clark 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Weymouth 

02 

14 

00 

William  Williams 

02 

14 

00 

William  Hutchins 

02 

07 

00 

Samuel  Rust 

04 

01 

00 

Christopher  Read 

02 

14 

00 

Benjamin  Sweet,  Lieut. 

03 

00 

00 

William  Bassett 

05 

04 

04 

Henry  Dow 

01 

16 

00 

Samuel  Graves 

02 

14 

00 

Silvester  Hayes 

03 

03 

00 

John  Farrington 

02 

02 

00 

Thomas  Tenney 

02 

14 

00 

William  Driver 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Jewett 

02 

14 

00 

Andrew  Townsend 

02 

14 

00 

John  Boynton 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Looke 

02 

14 

00 

Peter  Coomes 

03 

08 

00 

Charles  Knight 

03 

03 

00 

Jonathan  Copp 

01 

04 

00 

John  Prince 

03 

15 

08 

John  Mann 

02 

04 

00 

Andrew  Sargeant 

02 

19 

02 

March  24th  1675 

-6 

Edward  Haradine 

02 

19 

02 

John  Vowden 

02 

14 

00 

John  Trask 

02 

17 

08 

Lawrence  Majore 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Houlton 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Flynt 

02 

16 

00 

Isaac  Welman 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Greene 

02 

14 

00 

William  Pritchett 

02 

14 

00 

John  Read 

02 

14 

00 

John  Maston 

02 

14 

00 

Adam  Gold 

02 

14 

00 

Benjamin  Chadwell 

02 

14 

00 

Zacheus  Perkins 

02 

14 

00 

Stephen  Greenleaf 

01 

10 

00 

William  Pabody 

02 

14 

00 

166  king  philip’s  war. 


Joseph  Gardiner,  Capt. 

05 

03 

00 

Amos  Gonrdin 

01 

04 

00 

James  Fry 

02 

14 

00 

Daniel  Johnson 

03 

10 

00 

Leonard  Toser 

02 

14 

00 

Jeremiah  Neale,  Lieut. 

03 

00 

00 

April  24th  1676. 

August  24th  1676 

Thomas  Kenny 

02 

14 

00 

Edward  Counter 

02 

14 

00 

John  Stacy 

02 

14 

00 

Ebenezer  Barker 

02 

02 

00 

June  24th  1676. 

Thomas  Russell 

02 

14 

00 

Francis  Jefford 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Jeffords 

01 

09 

00 

Samuel  Phelpes 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Vely 

02 

05 

00 

John  Presson 

02 

14 

00 

Eleazer  Linsey 

01 

16 

00 

Joseph  Abbott 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Bell 

04 

05 

08 

Samuel  Pickworth 

00 

11 

06 

Sept  23d 1676 

Abraham  Snitchell 

01 

01 

00 

Mark  Bacheler 

00 

14 

00 

Michael  Towsley 

02 

15 

08 

Robert  Cocks 

02 

02 

00 

Thomas  Kemball 

02 

14 

00 

Moses  Morgaine 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Blashfield 

02 

14 

00 

William  Allen 

02 

14 

00 

Credited  under  Capt.  Hathorne. 

Edward  Whittington 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Story 

04 

05 

08 

John  Parker 

02 

14 

00 

Peter  Ashamaway 

04 

05 

08 

Philip  Butler 

02 

14 

00 

Jacob  Knight 

01 

10 

00 

James  Wall 

04 

10 

10 

William  Wainwright 

04 

16 

06 

John  Ballard 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Moulton 

01 

04 

00 

July  24,  1676 

James  Creeke 

04 

04 

00 

William  Hathorne,  Capt.  07 

03 

09 

James  Cox 

04 

05 

00 

A  list  of  ye  names  of  Capt. Gardiner’s  Souldiers  for  this  p’sent  Expedition 


Salem. 

Serjeant  Jeremiah  Neall 
Serjeant  William  bassett 
Ser1  Samuel  bradell 
Corp.  Samuell  Pikworth 
Charls  Knight 
John  boden 
William  holess 
Marck  Stace 
Samuell  Gray 
Larance  Magery 
John  Polott 
Philip  butteler 
Benimen  Lemon 
Edward  Counter 
Lenard  Tossier 
William  Hind 
Joseph  Price 
Th°  Flint 
Pelter  Prescote 
Isack  Read 
Tho.  Buffingtog 
John  Stacey 
Henery  Rich 
Tho.  Greene 


James  Wall 
Joseph  Holton  junr 
Tho.  Reny 

Joseph  Dees — wounded 
Abraham  Switchell 
Samuell  ffrail — not  apearing 
Frances  Jefford 
Clem.  Rumeall 
Adam  Gold 
Samuell  Tarbox 

Marblehead. 

Petter  Coll 
Henry  Codner 
Auguster  fferker 
David  Shapligh 
Petter  Cary 
Robertt  Cooks 
Edward  Severy 
Ephraim  Jones 
Lenerd  Belinger 
Philip  Brock 

Thomas  Weymouth')  These  men 
Thomas  Weymouth  V  wanting  of 
Thomas  Russell  j  their  Comp’y 


capt.  Gardiner’s  company. 


167 


Topsjield. 
William  Peabody 
Zacheus  Curtis 
Zacheus  Perkins 
Robertt  Andrews 
Isek  burton 

Andover. 
Nathan  Stevens 
James  Fry 
Eben  barker 
John  Parker 
Joseph  Abett 
John  balard 
John  Lovejoy 
Edward  Whittington 
Samuell  Philips 
John  Prston 

Gloster. 

John  Prince 
Andrew  Serjant 
Joseph  Somes 
Vinesont  Davis 
Moses  duday 

Beverly. 

Christopher  Brown 
John  Trask 
Thomas  Blashfield 


A  Lyst  of  Capt  Joseph 

Slayne  of  his  Company,  some 
Joseph  Rice  of  Salem 
Samuel  Pikeworth  of  Salem 
Mrke  Batchiler  of  Wenham 
Capt  Joseph  Gardiner  of  Salem 
Abra.  Switchell  of  Marblehead 
Joseph  Soames  of  Cape  Anne 
Robert  Andrews  of  Topsfield 
Charles  Knight  of  Salem 
Nicholas  Huchins  of  Lynn 
Thomas  flint  of  Salem 
Jn°  Harrington  of  Lynne 
Robert  Cocks  of  Marblehead 
Eben  Baker  (Barker)  of  Andiver 
Edwd  Mardin  of  Cape  Ann 
Joseph  Read  of  Beverly 
Joseph  Abett  of  Andiver 
Joseph  Holeton  of  Salem 


Lott  Cunant 
Christopher  Read 
William  fferyman 
Moses  Morgine 
John  Clark 
William  Allen 
William  bath 
Richard  Hussband 

Lyn. 

Nicholas  Huchin 
John  Linsey 
Robert  driver 
Daniell  Huchin 
John  Davis 
Samuell  Graves 
Andrew  townsend 
Thomas  baker 
Johnathan  Looke 
Iseck  Welman 
Isaack  Hartt 
John  Farington 
Samul  Rods 
Mark  Bacheler 
Richard  Hutten 
Thomas  Kemball 
Philip  Welsh 
John  Hunkens 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  93. 

sr  Company  yl  were  wounded  and 
ye  16  Decr  &  Other  19th  dec  75 

wch.  3  were  slayne  .... 
abroad  from  ye  garrison 

4  men  Slayne  more 

\ 


►  10  men  wounded 


Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  104. 


XI. 


CAPT.  NATHANIEL  DAVENPORT  AND  HIS  MEN. 


CAPT.  NATHANIEL  DAVENPORT  was  born  in  Salem, 
Mass.,  and  was  the  son  of  Richard  Davenport  and  his  wife 
Elizabeth  Hathorn.  Richard  came  to  Salem  with  Endicott 
in  1628,  from  Weymouth  in  Dorsetshire,  was  admitted  freeman 
September  3,  1634,  was  ensign  in  the  local  militia  same  year,  and 
in  1637  served  as  lieutenant  in  the  Pequod  expedition,  where  he 
was  wounded.  He  was  representative  in  1637,  and  joined  the 
Artillery  Company  in  1639.  Removed  to  Boston  in  1642  and 
was  appointed  captain  of  the  Castle,  which  post  he  filled  for 
many  years,  and  was  there  killed  by  lightning  on  July  15,  1665. 
His  children  were  Nathaniel ;  Truecross,  born  1634-5 ;  Experi¬ 
ence,  baptized  August  27,  1637  ;  John,  baptized  September  19, 
1641,  at  Salem ;  and  at  Boston  he  had  Samuel,  baptized  June 
28,  1656 ;  Sarah,  September  30,  1649 ;  Elizabeth,  September  13, 
1652 ;  William,  born  May  11,  1656.  The  widow  died  June  28, 
1678. 

Nathaniel  spent  his  boyhood  and  youth  at  Salem  and  at  the 
Castle.  He  was  evidently  a  man  of  enterprise  and  ability,  and 
for  some  time  was  concerned  with  several  Boston  men  in  an  ex¬ 
tensive  business  between  Boston  and  New  York.  He  married 
Elizabeth  Thacher,  daughter  of  Thomas. 

From  his  early  surroundings  at  the  Castle  he  naturally  ac¬ 
quired  experience  of  military  matters,  and  his  business  pursuits 
gave  him  wide  acquaintance  with  the  affairs  of  the  colonies  in 
their  commercial  relations.  In  the  difficulties  with  the  Dutch 
at  New  York  he  was  evidently  a  trusted  agent  of  Massachusetts, 
his  residence  for  some  time  in  New  York  giving  him  great 
advantage.  In  volume  II.  “  New  York  Colonial  History  ”  are 
found  letters  passing  between  Edward  Rawson,  Secretary  of 
Massachusetts,  and  N.  Bayard,  Secretary  of  “New  Netherlands,” 
showing  that  in  1673  Mr.  Nathaniel  Davenport  and  Mr.  Arthur 
Mason  were  sent  by  the  Massachusetts  Colony  to  demand  the 
restoration  of  some  vessels  which  had  been  seized  by  the  N.  N. 
government,  and  they  threatened  reprisal,  etc.,  if  the  vessels 
were  not  given  up.  In  a  later  letter  of  Bayard  to  Rawson  in 


DAVENPORT  AT  NARRAGANSET. 


169 


regard  to  this  demand,  he  refers  to  Mr.  Davenport  as  a  “  spy.” 
His  experience  and  prominence  would  thus  seem  to  mark  him  as 
a  leader  in  the  war,  but  it  is  evident  that  his  residence  abroad 
had  precluded  his  holding  military  office  in  the  colony,  where 
the  choice  was  made  by  the  people  of  each  town,  and  was  made 
a  matter  of  confirmation  by  the  Court.  Capt.  Davenport  had 
returned  to  Boston  in  1673,  and  at  the  time  of  the  fitting  out  of 
the  Narraganset  Expedition  in  December,  1675,  was  serving  on 
the  jury  at  the  Court  of  Assistants,  whence  he  was  summoned  to 
take  command  of  the  5th  Company  in  the  Massachusetts  Regi¬ 
ment.  This  company  was  made  up  chiefly  of  men  from  Cam¬ 
bridge  and  Watertown,  to  most  of  whom  Captain  Davenport  was 
a  stranger ;  but  it  is  said  that  he,  on  the  occasion  of  “  taking  pos¬ 
session  of  his  company,  made  a  very  civil  speech  to  them,  and 
also  gave  them  free  Liberty  to  choose  their  own  Serjeants  them¬ 
selves,  which  pleased  them  very  well,  and  accordingly  did  so.” 
The  company  joined  the  rest  of  the  forces  at  Dedham  plain,  and 
marched  to  Narraganset  with  the  army.  In  “  Oliver’s  Narra¬ 
tive,”  one  item  concerning  Capt.  Davenport  appears,  mentioned 
with  characteristic  brevity.  “  Dec.  17th  That  Day  we  sold  Capt. 
Davenport  forty-seven  Indians  young  and  old,  for  Eighty  Pounds 
in  money.”  I  have  found  nothing  to  solve  the  doubt  as  to 
whether  it  was  the  enterprise  of  the  merchant  or  the  humanity 
of  the  man  that  prompted  the  purchase.  I  find  no  mention  of 
such  sale  on  the  treasurer’s  books.  On  December  19th,  at  the 
great  Fort  fight,  Mr.  Hubbard  relates  that  “  Capt.  Mosely  and 
Capt.  Davenport  led  the  van.” 

The  death  of  Capt.  Davenport  is  thus  related  in  the  “  Old 
Indian  Chronicle  ”  above  mentioned,  p.  181 : 

Before  our  men  came  up  to  take  possession  of  the  Fort,  the  Indians 
had  shot  three  Bullets  through  Capt.  Davenport,  whereupon  he  bled  ex- 
treamly,  and  immediately  called  for  his  Lieutenant,  Mr.  Edward  Ting, 
and  committed  the  charge  of  the  Company  to  him,  and  desired  him  to 
take  care  of  his  Gun,  and  deliver  it  according  to  Order  and  immediately 
died  in  his  Place.  .  .  .  And  it  is  very  probable  the  Indians 

might  think  Capt  Davenport  was  the  General  because  he  had  a  very 
good  Buff  Suit  on  at  that  Time  and  therefore  might  shoot  at  him. 

Capt.  Davenport  left  no  children,  and  his  nephew,  Addington 
Davenport,  inherited  his  Narraganset  claim. 

Lieutenant  Edward  Ting  (or  Tyng)  commanded  the  company 
during  the  rest  of  this  campaign,  and  many  of  the  credits  are 
given  under  him  as  Captain.  He  was  the  son  of  Capt.  Edward 
Tyng  of  Boston,  and  was  born  March  26th,  1649.  He  removed  to 
Falmouth  in  1680,  and  soon  after  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Thaddeus  Clark  and  great-granddaughter  of  George  Cleeves.  He 
was  in  command  of  Fort  Loyal  1680  and  1681 ;  was  a  counsellor 
and  magistrate  for  Maine  under  President  Danforth,  and  in  1686 


170 


king  philip’s  war. 


was  appointed  by  the  King  one  of  the  council  of  his  brother-in- 
law  Joseph  Dudley,  and  afterward  under  Andros,  who  made  him 
lieutenant-colonel  and  placed  him  in  command  in  the  province  of 
Sagadahoc  in  1688  and  1689,  and  after  the  reduction  of  Nova 
Scotia  was  appointed  governor  of  Annapolis,  but  on  his  way  to 
that  place  his  vessel  was  captured  by  the  French,  and  he  was 
taken  to  France,  where  he  died.  He  was  a  man  of  great  energy 
and  ability,  and  was  a  large  land-owner  in  Maine ;  but  as  he 
favored  and  served  the  Andros  party,  became  very  unpopular  with 
the  people. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Nath1  Davenport  &  Capt.  Ting,  February  29th 
1675-6 


Nathaniel  Sanger 

02 

14 

00 

Timothy  Rice 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Hall 

02 

14 

00 

James  Smith 

02 

14 

00 

John  Cutler 

02 

14 

00 

Jacob  Bullard 

02 

14 

00 

Caleb  Simons 

02 

02 

00 

Matthew  Gibbs 

02 

14 

00 

William  Peirce 

02 

14 

00 

June  24th  1676 

John  Baldwin 

00 

10 

03 

Joshuah  Woods 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Damport  Capt. 05 

07 

00 

Daniel  Woodward 

02 

14 

00 

Theoder  Atkins 

00 

15 

00 

James  Haughton 

00 

19 

08 

Edward  Ting  Capt. 

11 

13 

06 

Abraham  Temple 

02 

02 

00 

Gershom  Cutler  (Cutter)  02 

14 

00 

David  Batchelor 

01 

18 

06 

Thomas  [Nicho]ls 

02 

14 

00 

Ambros  Mackfassett 

02 

14 

00 

Stephen  Farr 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Remington 

10 

18 

08 

Samuel  Lamson 

03 

07 

00 

Peter  Bateman 

02 

08 

00 

John  Shelden 

04 

13 

00 

Samuel  Dyruon 

02 

14 

00 

Moses  Whitny 

02 

14 

00 

John  Taylor 

02 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Smith 

02 

14 

00 

John  Wood 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Smith 

02 

14 

00 

Zachariah  Snow 

02 

02 

00 

Daniel  Warrin 

03 

03 

00 

Isaac  Emsden  “  als  Alms- 

Isaac  Lerned 

01 

15 

02 

den  ” 

03 

06 

06 

Thomas  Parker 

00 

18 

00 

William  Gleson 

02 

14 

00 

John  Polly 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  How 

02 

12 

02 

William  Roberts 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Brown 

02 

02 

00 

John  Baker 

00 

10 

03 

John  Salter 

02 

14 

00 

Joshua  Bigalo 

02 

14 

00 

Jacob  Amsden 

02 

14 

00 

March  24th 

1675-6 

Jeremiah  Toy 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Buss 

03 

03 

00 

George  Hayward 

00 

12 

00 

John  Wheeler 

02 

14 

00 

Dennis  Hedly 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Healy 

02 

02 

00 

July  24th  1676 

George  Herington 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Wheeler 

02 

09 

00 

William  Wade 

02 

14 

00 

John  Baker 

05 

05 

00 

Thomas  Rutter 

02 

14 

00 

John  Parker 

02 

14 

00 

John  Haws 

00 

18 

00 

James  Mathewes 

01 

09 

00 

Samuel  Swan 

03 

00 

00 

August  24th  1676 

John  Drury  1 '} 

04 

05 

10 

John  Priest 

03 

10 

00 

William  Price 

02 

14 

00 

Nicholas  Lunn 

02 

12 

00 

April  24th  1676 

Jonathan  Lawrence 

02 

14 

00 

John  White 

02 

14 

00 

CAPT.  DAVENPORT’S  SOLDIERS. 


171 


The  following  is  preserved  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p. 
104: 


The  List  of  those  y*  were  slayne  & 
port  — 

Capt.  Nath:  Davenport  i 

Sarg*  Theodr  Atkinson  I 

1  George  Howard  of  Concord 
Jn°  Hagar  of  Watertown  J 

1  Sam.  Swayn  of  Cambridge  ' 

Sam.  Read  of  Cambridge 
Sam.  Stocker  of  Meadford 
NathHealy  of  Watertowne 
Isaac  Learned  of  Watertowne 
Tho.  Browne  of  Concord  v 

Abra:  Temple  of  Concord 
David  Batchelor  of  Redding 
Caleb  Symon8  of  Ooburne 
John  Backer  of  Wooborne 
Zachary  Snow  of  Wooborn 


wounded  of  Cap  Nath1  Daven- 


4  men  Slayne 


11  men  wounded 


The  following  lists  of  men  impressed  in  several  towns  where 
Capt.  Davenport’s  company  was  raised  will  serve  to  identify 
many  of  the  names.  Of  course,  many  of  those  impressed  were 
either  excused  for  disability  or  escaped  from  the  service  in  some 
other  manner.  See  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  100,  and  for 
separate  lists,  pp.  67-100.  The  returns  were  dated  from  Nov.  25 
to  Dec.  8,  1675. 


From  Cambridge. 
Corp11  Jonathan  Remington 
James  Hubbart 
Edward  Win  ship  junior 
Isaack  Emsden 
Nathaniel  Patten 
William  Glesson 
John  Withe 
Jacob  Emsden 
Jonathan  Laurenc 
John  Emsden 
John  Salter 
Samuel  Swan 
Daniel  Woodward 
Samuel  Read 
Gershom  Cutter  15 

From  Watertown. 
Daniell  Warrin,  Sr 
John  Bigulah,  Sr 
Nathaniell  Hely 
Joseph  Tayntor  Jr 
John  Whettney  Sr 

1  In  the  credits  t 


George  Herrington 
James  Cutting. 
William  Hagar  Jr 
John  Parkhurst 
Michaell  Flegg 
Jacob  Bullard 
Isaack  Learned 
Joseph  Waight 
George  Dill 
Jonathan  Smith 
Willyam  Price  Jr 
Nathaniell  Sangar 
Moses  Whettny 
Enoch  Sawtell 
John  Bright 
John  Hastings 
John  Bacon 
John  Chadwick 
John  W  indam 
Ben  Douse 
Nath  Barsham 
John  Barnard 

appear  as  Hayward  and  Swan. 


172 


king  philip’s  war. 


Ephraim  GrearfHeld 
Joseph  Smith  29 

From  Woburn. 
John  Carter 
William  Johnson 
James  Convars 
John  Cutler 
William  Peirce 
John  Baker 
Zachariah  Snow 
John  Polly 
John  Preist 
John  Berbeane 
John  Shilden 
Thomas  Hale 
John  Bolen 
Caleb  Simons 
Peter  Bateman 
Jerimiah  Hood  16 

From  Sudbury. 
William  Wade. 

Samuell  Bush 
John  White  Junr 
Tho.  Rutter 
Peter  Hopes  Jr 
James  Smith 
Dennis  Hedley 
Matthew  G-ibbs  Jur 
Daniel  Herrington  9 


From  Cambridge  Village. 
Samuell  Hides  Jr 
Peter  Henchet 
Joshua  Woods 
Jonathan  Bush  4 

From  Reading. 
Samuel  Lamson 
David  Bachelder 
James  Carr 
Samuel  Daman 
Seabred  Taylor 
Thomas  Nichols 
William  Robards 
Nicholas  Lunn  8 

From  Meadford. 
James  Stokes 
Jeremiah  Toy  2 

From  Concord. 
Joseph  Busse 
Abraham  Temple 
Samuel  How 
John  Wood 
Joseph  Wheeler 
Thomas  Browne 
John  Wheeler 
Timothy  Rice 
George  Hayward 
Stephen  Farre 
John  Taylor  11 


Capt.  Davenport’s  company  numbered  seventy-five  men.  Sub¬ 
stitutes  often  appear  instead  of  those  impressed.  Fifty-seven 
in  the  above  list,  and  three  besides  among  the  wounded  and 
killed,  are  thus  accounted  for.  Some  of  the  rest  received  credit 
in  a  later  Ledger. 


XII. 


CAPT.  JAMES  OLIVER  AND  HIS  MEN. 


JAMES  OLIVER  was  the  son  of  Thomas  and  Ann,  who  came 
from  England  in  the  ship  “  William  and  Francis  ”  (by  another 
account  the  Lion)  9  March,  1632,  with  their  family  of  six 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Bristol,  Somersetshire,  is  said  to  have 
been  the  old  home  of  the  family.  They  settled  in  Boston,  where 
the  father  became  ruling  elder  and  of  wide  influence  in  the  affairs 
of  the  new  town.  He  died  June  1,  1658,  aged  ninety  years, 
according  to  John  Hull’s  Diary,  leaving  sons  who  held  places  of 
honor  and  trust  in  the  colony,  and  whose  posterity,  in  successive 
generations  to  the  present,  have  held  the  name  honorably. 

James  was  admitted  freeman  12  October,  1640.  Was  of  the 
Artillery  Company,  and  chosen  Ensign  1651,  Lieutenant  1653, 
Captain  1656  and  again  1666.  Was  chosen  selectman  of  the 
town  in  1653  and  served  several  years ;  was  also  an  inspector  of 
the  port  and  a  merchant  of  eminence.  He  was  of  the  First  Mili¬ 
tary  Company  of  Boston,  and  was  elected  Captain  probably  in 
1673.  He  was  appointed  to  command  a  Boston  company  in  the 
Narraganset  campaign.  His  appointment  was  dated  November 
17,  1675,  and  men  to  fill  this  company  were  impressed  from  the 
several  town  companies,  including  his  own,  as  is  seen  by  the 
second  list  below.  Taking  command  of  his  company,  he  joined 
the  army  at  Dedham  Plain  and  took  part  in  the  subsequent 
movements  of  the  campaign,  being  one  of  the  few  fortunate 
officers  who  passed  through  the  great  Swamp  Fight  unscathed, 
and  remained  in  command  of  his  company  until  the  return  and 
dismissal  at  Boston  February  5th,  1675-6. 

While  the  army  was  at  Narraganset,  at  the  Garrison  House  of 
Mr.  Richard  Smith  (their  rendezvous  after  the  great  fight,  now 
embraced  in  the  town  of  Wickford,  R.I.),  Capt.  Oliver  wrote 
the  following  account 1  of  the  campaign,  the  original  of  which 

1  The  letter,  as  here  given,  is  taken  from  the  foot-notes  of  Gov.  Hutchinson’s  History  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts,  vol.  i.  p.  300,  of  first  and  second  editions,  and  272  of  the  third  edition.  Mr.  Hutchinson 
said  there  was  no  signature,  and  attributes  it  to  Major  Bradford,  hut  a  simple  comparison  with 
Hubbard’s  account  shows  the  author  to  have  been  Capt.  Oliver,  and  this  conclusion  is  rendered 
certain  by  Mr.  Drake  (“  Book  of  the  Indians,”  p.  219,  foot-note),  who  had  seen  the  original, 
signed  James  Oliver,  and  found  this,  which  appears  in  Mr.  Hutchinson’s  notes  “correct  in  the 
main  particulars,”  when  compared  with  the  original.  He  thought  Mr.  Hutchinson  used  a  copy 
without  signature,  as  must  have  been  the  case;  and  I  would  suggest  that  copy  was  made  by  Mr. 
Hubbard  for  his  own  use  in  compiling  his  history,  and  was  found  among  his  papers  which  Mr. 
Hutchinson  used  extensively  in  his  work.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  Mr.  Drake  did  not  speak 
more  definitely  about  the  original,  or  better  still,  publish  it  in  some  one  of  his  many  works.  Mr. 
Drake  refers  to  it  as  “  Capt.  Oliver’s  Narrative.”  Is  the  original  now  in  existence? 


174 


king  philip’s  war. 


I  have  failed  to  find  trace  of,  after  diligent  search  and  in¬ 
quiry. 

The  letter,  as  published  by  Gov.  Hutchinson,  is  as  follows  : 

Narraganset  26th  11th  month  1675 

After  a  tedious  march  in  a  bitter  cold  night  that  followed  Dec.  1 2th, 
we  hoped  our  pilot  would  have  led  us  to  Pomham  by  break  of  day,  but 
so  it  came  to  pass  we  were  misled  and  so  missed  a  good  opportunity. 
Dec.  13th,  we  came  to  Mr.  Smith’s,  and  that  day  took  35  prisoners. 
Dec.  14th,  our  General  went  out  with  horse  and  foot,  I  with  my  com¬ 
pany  was  left  to  keep  garrison.  I  sent  out  30  of  my  men  to  scout 
abroad,  who  killed  two  Indians  and  brought  in  4  prisoners,  one  of 
which  was  beheaded.  Our  Army  came  home  at  night,  killed  7  and 
brought  in  9  more,  young  and  old.  Dec.  15th,  came  in  John,  a  rogue, 
with  pretence  of  peace,  and  was  dismissed  with  this  errand,  that  we 
might,  speak  with  Sachems.  That  evening,  he  not  being  gone  a  quarter 
of  an  hour,  his  company  that  lay  hid  behind  a  hill  killed  two  Salem 
men  within  a  mile  of  our  quarters,  and  wounded  a  third  that  he  is  dead. 
And  at  a  house  three  miles  off  where  I  had  10  men,  they  killed  2  of 
them.  Instantly,  Capt  Mosely,  myself  and  Capt  Gardner  were  sent  to 
letch  in  Major  Appleton’s  company  that  kept  3  miles  and  an  half  off, 
and  coming,  they  lay  behind  a  stone  wall  and  fired  on  us  in  sight  of 
the  garrison.  We  killed  the  captain  that  killed  one  of  the  Salem  men, 
and  had  his  cap  on.  That  night  they  burned  Jerry  Bull’s  house,  and 
killed  17.  Dec.  16th  came  that  news.  Dec.  17th  came  news  that  Con¬ 
necticut  forces  were  at  Petaquamscot,  and  had  killed  4  Indians  and 
took  6  prisoners.  That  day  we  sold  Capt.  Davenport  47  Indians,  young 
and  old  for  80/.  in  money.  Dec.  18th  we  marched  to  Petaquamscot  with 
all  our  forces,  only  a  garrison  left ;  that  night  was  very  stormy ;  we 
lay,  one  thousand,  in  the  open  field  that  long  night.  In  the  morning, 
Dec.  19th,  Lord’s  day,  at  5  o’clock  we  marched.  Between  12  and  1 
we  came  up  with  the  enemy,  and  had  a  sore  fight  three  hours.  We 
lost,  that  are  now  dead,  about  68,  and  had  150  wounded,  many  of 
which  are  recovered.  That  long  snowy  cold  night  we  had  about  18 
miles  to  our  quarters,  with  about  210  dead  and  wounded.  We  left  8  dead 
in  the  fort.  We  had  but  12  dead  when  we  came  from  the  swamp,  besides 
the  8  we  left.  Many  died  by  the  way,  and  as  soon  as  they  were 
brought  in,  so  that  Dec.  20th  we  buried  in  a  grave  34,  next  day  4,  next  day 
2,  and  none  since  here.  Eight  died  at  Rhode  Island,  1  at  Petaquam¬ 
scot,  2  lost  in  the  woods  and  killed,  Dec.  20,  as  we  heard  since ;  some 
say  two  more  died.  By  the  best  intelligence,  we  killed  3(J0  fighting 
men;  prisoners  we  took,  say  350,  and  above  300  women  and  children. 
We  burnt  above  500  houses,  left  but  9,  burnt  all  their  corn,  that  was 
in  baskets,  great  store.  One  signal  mercy  that  night,  not  to  be  for¬ 
gotten,  viz.  that  when  we  drew  off,  with  so  many  dead  and  wounded, 
they  did  not  pursue  us,  which  the  young  men  would  have  done,  but  the 
sachems  would  not  consent;  they  had  but  10  pounds  of  powder  left. 
Our  General,  with  about  40,  lost  our  way,  and  wandered  till  7  o’clock 
in  the  morning,  before  we  came  to  our  quarters.  We  thought  we  were 
within  2  miles  of  the  enemy  again,  but  God  kept  us  ;  to  him  be  the 
glory.  We  have  killed  now  and  then  1  since,  and  burnt  200  wigwams 


CAPT.  OLIVER’ I  LETTER. 


175 


more  ;  we  killed  9  last  Tuesday.  We  fetch  in  their  corn  daily  and  that 
undoes  them.  This  is,  as  nearly  as  1  can,  a  true  relation.  I  read  the 
narrative  to  my  officers  in  my  tent,  who  all  assent  to  the  truth  of  it. 
Monhegins  and  Pequods  proved  very  false,  fired  into  the  air,  and  sent 
word  before  they  came  they  would  so,  but  got  much  plunder,  guns  and 
kettles.  A  great  part  of  what  is  written  was  attested  by  Joshua  Teffe, 
who  married  an  Indian  woman,  a  Wampanoag.  He  shot  20  times  at 
us  in  the  swamp,  was  taken  at  Providence  Jan’y  14,  brought  to  us  the 
16th,  executed  the  18th.  A  sad  wretch,  he  never  heard  a  sermon  but 
once  these  14  years.  His  father,  going  to  recall  him  lost  his  head  and 
lies  unburied. 

This  letter  shows  something  of  the  well-known  sympathy  of 
Capt.  Oliver  with  the  popular  party  which  at  that  time  so  bitterly 
opposed  all  concessions  towards  the  Indians,  and  denounced  even 
their  most  trusted  magistrates  and  ministers,  like  Major  Gookin 
and  Rev.  John  Eliot,  who  sought  to  protect  the  friendly  or 
“  Christian  ”  Indians  from  persecution.  On  one  occasion  many 
of  these  had  been  seized  and  imprisoned  (by  Capt.  Mosely,  as 
has  been  related)  at  Boston,  awaiting  trial.  On  Sept.  10th,  at 
9  o’clock  at  night,  a  mob  collected,  and  presuming  upon  Capt. 
Oliver’s  sympathy,  went  to  his  house  and  proposed  that  he  should 
lead  them  and  take  one  of  the  Indians  out  of  the  prison  and  hang 
him;  but  the  Captain,  boiling  with  rage  at  this  insult  to  him¬ 
self,  “  cudgelled  them  stoutly  ”  with  his  cane  from  his  house. 
Capt.  Oliver  married,  between  1641  and  1655,  Mary,  widow  of 
John  Frend  and  daughter  of  Thomas  Dexter,  who  died  before 

he  did,  and  left  no  issue  to  him ;  at  his  death  in  1682,  two  of 

his  nephews,  John  and  Nathaniel  Oliver,  administered  upon 
his  estate,  and  his  nephew,  Daniel  Oliver,  Esq.,  inherited  his 
Narraganset  claim. 

In  a  petition  to  the  Court,  May  19, 1680,  he  states  that  he  has 
served  town  and  country  many  years,  at  home  and  abroad,  and 

hath  spent  therein  the  prime  of  his  strength  and  estate, 

and  later  much  of  what  was  left  to  him  was  consumed  by  fire, 
and  now  being  aged  and  infirm  in  body,  prays  to  be  dismissed  from 
further  service  as  captain  of  the  town  company,  and  also  that 
the  Court,  in  view  of  his  decay,  grant  to  him  “the  Island  whereon 
the  Indian  Wianenset  lately  dwelt  lying  neer  Dunstable,”  etc. 

In  answer  to  this  the  Deputies  passed  a  vote :  “  Considering 
the  petitioner’s  present  Incapacity  of  getting  a  livelyhud  by  Reson 
of  his  Lameness,”  etc.,  and  “  y  he  dweling  with  his  kinsman 
Nathaniel  Barns,  Doe  for  the  Relife  of  ye  petitioner,  give 
and  grant  unto  sd  Barns,  his  heires  and  Assignes  forever,  a 
small  Island  of  upland  Containing  about  twenty  acres  (more  or 
less)  wch  lyeth  in  Merimak  River  near  to  Mr  Jonathan  Tings 
farme,  wch  Island  hath  been  Commonly  Caled  &  knowne  by  y 
name  of  Tinker’s  Island,”  etc.  Mass  Archives,  vol.  45,  p.  174. 
See  also  vol.  70,  p.  47. 


176 


king  philip’s  war. 

The  magistrates  did  not  concur  in  the  grant  while  consenting 
to  the  dismissal,  but  appointed  a  committee,  Capt.  Samuel  Adams 
of  Chelmsford  and  Lieut.  William  Johnson  of  Woburn,  to  see  if 
the  Island  was  included  in  any  former  grant.  I  have  not  found 
their  report,  but  Barnes’  was  granted,  “  Oct.  1681  two  hundred 
acres  of  land  where  it  is  to  be  found  not  prejudiciall  to  any  new 
plantation.”  See  Colonial  Records,  vol.  v,  pp.  278-9  and  331. 

The  following  are  in  Hull’s  J ournal : 


Credited  under  Capt.  James  Oliver : 


February  29th  1675 

Richard  Barnam 

00 

12 

04 

Ezekiel  Gilman 

03 

03 

00 

Joseph  Bemish 

02 

14 

00 

Alexander  Boyle 

03 

00 

00 

John  Harwood 

00 

18 

00 

Richard  Cowell 

03 

03 

00 

Aaron  Steevens 

02 

15 

06 

Daniel  East 

03 

03 

00 

Thomas  Stanes 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Hunt 

02 

14 

00 

April  24,  1676. 

David  Landon 

02 

14 

00 

William  Backaway 

02 

14 

00 

James  Couch 

02 

14 

00 

James  Harrington 

02 

14 

00 

John  Cann 

02 

14 

00 

William  Dinsdell 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Measy 

02 

14 

00 

Gamaliel  Rogers 

02 

14 

00 

Richard  Read 

02 

19 

00 

James  Harris 

02 

10 

06 

Jeffery  Jefferies 

02 

14 

00 

Henry  Critchett 

04 

10 

10 

Patrick  Moroone 

02 

14 

00 

Roger  Brown 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Warren 

02 

14 

00 

William  Madrill 

02 

14 

00 

William  Baker 

02 

14 

00 

Mark  Round 

02 

14 

00 

Rowland  Boulter 

02 

14 

00 

John  Crooke 

02 

14 

00 

John  Kendall 

02 

14 

00 

June  24,  1676. 

Josiah  Belcher 

02 

14 

00 

Daniel  Clough 

02 

14 

00 

Robert  Emans 

02 

14 

00 

John  Verin 

02 

14 

00 

Alexander  McKenney 

02 

14 

00 

Ephraim  Turner  Lieut. 

07 

01 

06 

Samuel  Jenkins 

00 

18 

00 

Benjamin  Pickering 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Hansett 

03 

00 

00 

Henry  Kerby 

02 

14 

00 

John  Casey 

03 

00 

00 

Gilbert  Foresight 

02 

14 

00 

John  King 

03 

03 

00 

James  Knott 

02 

14 

00 

James  Lindall 

03 

03 

00 

Joseph  Barber 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Lane 

02 

14 

00 

John  Wilkins 

02 

14 

00 

March  24th  1675 

-6 

July  24th  1676 

Thomas  Bingly 

04 

01 

00 

William  Kemball 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Brown 

00 

06 

10 

Roger  Prosser 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Burch 

02 

14 

00 

August  24,  1676 

Richard  Drue 

03 

13 

— 

Richard  House 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Knight 

04 

01 

00 

Sept.  23d  1676 

Alexander  Forbs 

00 

12 

00 

Ralph  Powell 

02 

14 

00 

Henry  Timberlake 

03 

12 

00 

Archabald  Forrest 

02 

14  00 

The  following  list,  which  contains  the  names  of  those  impressed 
out  of  the  various  Boston  companies  for  this  service,  under  Cap¬ 
tain  Oliver,  will  be  found  different  in  several  respects  from  the 
credit  list  above.  In  the  credits  but  sixty-one  names  appear, 
while  among  the  slain  and  wounded  are  four  more,  making,  with 


177 


capt.  Oliver’s  soldiers. 

the  Captain,  sixty-six.  In  the  second  list  there  are  seventy-nine 
in  all  and  thirty-one  not  credited  in  Hull.  Many  of  these  latter 
are  doubtless  boys  and  substitutes,  as  appears  in  the  list  of  slain 
and  wounded,  where  so  many  are  “Servants”  (i.e.)  apprentices 
probably. 

There  are  fourteen  names  in  Hull’s  list  not  found  in  the 
second.  In  the  official  muster  at  Dedham  Plain  Capt.  Oliver’s 
company  numbers  eighty-three.  The  discrepancy  would  doubt¬ 
less  be  explained  had  we  the  later  journal  of  Mr.  Hull’s 
accounts. 

The  Boston  companies  are  designated  by  the  names  of  their 
captains,  and  the  numbers  accompanying  each  denote  the  numbei 
of  men  from  each. 


A  List  of  the  Souldiers  undr  Command  of  Capt.  James  Olliver. 


Imprimis 

Tho:  Burch 

Willm  Dolliver 

Capt.  Ollivers,  17 

Henry  Timberley 

Capt.  James  Olliver 

Henry  Kerbee 

C.  Hinchman,  6 
James  Whippo 

Lieut.  Turner 

Joseph  Wakfeild 

Tho.  Bingley 

Will™  Kemble 

Sam11  Jenkins 

Serg1  Bennitt 

Willm  Backua 

Tho:  Staines 

Serg‘  Ingram 

Rich:  Travis 

J  n°  Verin 

Serg*  Timberleys 

Peter  Ingsbee 

Rob‘  Emins 

Serg1  Meares 

Will:  Drue 

Ralph  Powell 

Charles  Lidgett 

Jn°  Allen 

James  Butler 

Cp*  Clark,  8 

James  Coutch 

Cap1  Hudson,  9 

Rowland  Bowlter 

Mr  Symon  Lynds 

Gamaliell  Rodgers 

Tho.  Hunt 

Wm  Midleton 

Tho:  Brown 

Jefery  Jeffers 

Rich:  Crispe 

Dan11  East 

Aron  Stevens 

Will:  Douglis 

Roger  Procer 

Houell  Davis 

Natt:  Ellkin 

Jn°  ffeilder 

James  Harrington 

Rich:  Burford 

James  Thomas 

Rich:  Drue 

James  Lendall 

David  Landon 

Willm  Dinsdell 

Rich:  Cowell 

Major  Savidge,  7 

Jn°  Wilkins 

Cp‘  Hull,  10 

Willm  Elliott 

James  Harris 

Jn°  Brigs 

Cpt.  Richards,  10 

Allexander  Bogell 

Jo:  Knight 

Ezekiell  Gillman 

Wm  Baker 

Sam11  Laine 

Jn°  Cann 

Archibell  fforest 

Patraick  Moraine 

Dan11  Cluff 

Josiah  Bellcher 

Gilbert  fforesyth 

Eliezar  Gilbert 

Dan11  Harris 

Jn°  Kendall 

Hugh  Prize 

Henry  Lizonby 

Will:  Madareell 

Jn  Hudson 

Major  Clark,  12 

Henry  Crittchitt 

Jn°  Case 

Will:  Blackwell 

Marke  Rounds 

Jn°  Cleares 

Splande  Decroe 

Jon  Bevis 

Mass.  Archives 

,  vol.  68,  p.  95. 

178 


king  philip’s  war. 


A  List  of  ye  Slayne  &  wounded  in  Capt  Olliver’s.  19th  of  December,  1675 

Thomas  Broune  for  Paul  Bat  of  Boston 
Alexander  fforbes 

Splende  Decroe  Serv4  to  Dani, - 

James  Thomas 

Hen:  Hall,  for  Mr  Ligett,  lost - 

Sarg1  Peter  Bennet 
Sarg4  Timberley 
James  Lendall 

Wm  Kemble  Serv4  to  Jn°  Cleere 
Ezekiel  Gilman 

Marke  Rounds  Serv4  to  Hen:  Kemble 
Alexander  Bogell 
John  Casey  Servant  to  Tho:  Gardiner,  Muddy  River.  / 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  pp.  103-4 

Besides  these,  many  more  were  disabled  from  active  service, 
from  the  cold  and  exposure. 

EPHRAIM  TURNER,  Capt.  Oliver’s  lieutenant  in  this  ex¬ 
pedition,  was  the  son  of  Robert  Turner,  who  came  to  Boston, 
September  4,  1633,  in  the  ship  Griffin,  with  Rev.  John  Cotton. 
Robert  is  styled  “  Vintner  ”  in  the  deed  of  April  1,  1652,  from 
<  Richard  Fairbanks,  conveying  the  estate  upon  which  he  rebuilt 
or  enlarged  the  house  where  he  established  the  famous  hostlery 
known  as  the  “  Blue  Anchor  Tavern  ”  for  more  than  fifty  years. 
The  “  Boston  Daily  Globe,”  April  2,  1885,  whose  building  now 
occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  hostlery,  published  a  very  interest¬ 
ing  account,  by  William  R.  Bagnell,  of  the  successive  buildings 
and  residents  that  have  occupied  the  premises.  Among  the 
occupants  was  Gen.  Henry  Knox.  Of  this  Robert,  the  vintner  and 
innholder,  and  his  wife  Penelope,  Ephraim,  the  eldest  son,  was 
born  December  13, 1639 ;  of  the  Artillery  Company  1663,  freeman 
1666,  Ensign  in  Capt.  Oliver’s  company  at  home  from  1675  to 
1680,  when  he  was  relieved  of  the  office  at  his  request.  He 
married  Sarah  Phillips,  daughter  of  Major  William,  of  Charles¬ 
town,  Boston  and  Saco,  and  through  her  came  into  possession  of 
large  tracts  of  land  in  what  is  now  Sandford,  Alfred  and  Water- 
boro’.  The  children  of  Ephraim  and  Sarah,  born  in  Boston,  were 
—  Derlow,  born  Dec.  3, 1663  ;  Robert,  born  June  17, 1665 ;  Sarah, 
born  March  24,  1666-7  ;  Abigail,  born  June  8,  1669 ;  Ephraim, 
born  Nov.  23,  1670;  Elizabeth,  born  August  19,  1672;  Deliver¬ 
ance,  born  August  1,  1673. 

Mr.  T.  Larkin  Turner,  of  North  Weymouth,  who  has 
thoroughly  investigated  the  various  branches  of  the  Turner 
family,  and  has  kindly  assisted  in  the  above  sketch,  informs  me 
that  he  has  found  nothing  relative  to  Ephraim  Turner  subsequent 
to  1680-1,  and  thinks  he  must  have  removed  from  town. 


5  men  Slayne. 


7  men 

wounded  and 
are  at 

Road  Band. 


XIII. 


THE  NARRAGANSET  CAMPAIGN  TO  THE  CLOSE  OF 
THE  “SWAMP  FORT”  BATTLE. 


PREPARATIONS  AND  MARCH  AGAINST  THE  NARRAGANSETS. 

AFTER  their  somewhat  disastrous  campaign  of  the  autumn 
of  1675  in  the  western  parts  of  the  colony  of  Massachusetts, 
the  United  Colonies,  upon  information  that  the  hostile 
Indians  with  Philip  were  retiring  towards  the  south  and  to  winter 
quarters  amongst  the  Narragansets,  determined  to  carry  the  war 
against  this  powerful  tribe,  who  for  some  time  had  shown  them¬ 
selves  actively  hostile.  The  veteran  troops  were  recalled  and 
reorganized;  small  towns  in  various  parts  of  the  colonies  were 
garrisoned,  and  an  army  of  one  thousand  men  was  equipped 
for  a  winter  campaign.  General  Josiah  Winslow,  Governor  of 
Plymouth  Colony,  was  appointed  commander-in-chief  of  this 
Army ;  Major  Samuel  Appleton  to  command  the  Massachusetts 
Regiment,  Major  William  Bradford  that  of  Plymouth,  and  Major 
Robert  Treat  that  of  Connecticut.  War  was  formally  declared 
against  the  Narragansets  on  November  2d,  1675,  in  the  meeting 
of  the  Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies  held  at  Boston. 

General  Winslow,  upon  his  appointment  to  the  command  of 
the  army  in  this  expedition,  went  to  Boston  for  consultation  with 
Gov.  Leverett  and  the  Council.  Thence  on  Thursday,  December 
the  9th,  he  rode  to  Dedham,  having  Benjamin  Church  as  aid,  and 
probably  the  gentlemen  who  constituted  the  Massachusetts  part 
of  his  staff  or  “  guard,”  consisting  of  the  ministers,  among  whom 
was  Mr.  Joseph  Dudley,  and  the  surgeons,  of  whom  the  chief 
was  Daniel  W eld,  of  Salem.  I  presume  other  general  officers  and 
aids  went  along  with  him,  of  whom  we  find  no  mention.  Com¬ 
missary  John  Morse  was  probably  of  this  number.  The  General 
assumed  command  of  the  Massachusetts  forces  drawn  up  on 
Dedham  Plain,  and  formally  delivered  to  him  by  Major  General 
Denison  of  Massachusetts,  on  Thursday,  December  9th.  This 
force  consisted  of  six  companies  of  foot,  numbering  four  hundred 
and  sixty-five,  besides  Captain  Prentice’s  troop  of  seventy-five. 
The  full  quota  of  Massachusetts  was  five  hundred  and  twenty-seven 
soldiers,  but  there  were  doubtless  many  others  along  as  servants 


180 


king  philip’s  wak. 

to  the  officers,  scouts,  and  teamsters.  To  the  soldiers  a  proclama¬ 
tion  was  made  at  this  time,  on  the  part  of  the  Massachusetts 
Council,  “that  if  they  played  the  man,  took  the  Fort,  &  Drove 
the  Enemy  out  of  the  Narragansett  Country,  which  was  their 
great  Seat,  that  they  should  have  a  gratuity  in  land  besides  their 
wages.”  On  the  same  afternoon  they  marched  twenty-seven 
miles  to  Woodcock’s  Garrison,  now  Attleboro’.  In  the  evening 
of  Friday,  December  10th,  they  arrived  at  Seekonk,  where  vessels 
with  supplies  were  in  waiting.  And  here  also  Major  Richard 
Smith  was  waiting  their  arrival  with  his  vessel,  and  took  on 
board  Capt.  Mosely  and  his  company,  to  sail  direct  to  his  garrison* 
house  at  Wickford.  Some  others,  it  is  likely,  went  with  them  to 
arrange  for  quartering  the  troops,  and  Benjamin  Church  was  sent 
to  make  ready  for  the  General’s  coming.  The  rest  of  the  forces 
“  ferried  over  the  water  to  Providence,”  and  probably  formed  a 
junction  with  the  main  part  of  the  Plymouth  regiment  at 
Providence,  on  Saturday,  December  11th.  From  Mr.  Dudley’s 
letter  of  the  15th,  it  will  be  seen  that  an  account  had  been  sent 
the  Council  of  their  movements  to  the  time  of  arriving  at  Pau- 
tuxet.  This  letter  is  now  lost  from  the  files.  In  the  evening 
of  Sunday,  December  12th,  the  whole  body  advanced  “  from 
Mr.  Carpenter’s,”  crossed  the  Pautuxet  River  and  marched  a 
long  way  into  “  Pomham’s  Country,”  now  Warwick,  R.I. ;  but 
from  the  unskilfulness  of  their  Warwick  scouts  (probably  Eng¬ 
lishmen,  for  if  they  had  been  Indians  their  failure  would  have 
been  deemed  treachery),  their  purpose  of  capturing  Pomham 
and  his  people  was  defeated,  and  after  a  whole  night  spent 
in  weary  marching  about,  they  arrived  at  Mr.  Smith’s  garrison- 
house  at  Wickford  on  the  13th,  and  found  their  vessels  from 
Seekonk  already  arrived.  Capt.  Mosely’s  company  that  day 
captured  thirty-six  Indians,  including  Indian  Peter,  who  proved 
afterwards  such  an  indispensable  guide. 

There  were  many  doubtless  at  Smith’s  garrison,  employed  by 
him  and  gathered  thither  for  security.  Church  speaks  of  finding 
“  the  Eldridges  and  some  other  brisk  hands,”  and  going  out  and 
taking  eighteen  Indians,  and  finding  the  General  arrived  on  his 
return  to  the  garrison  next  morning  before  sunrise.  This  would 
seem  from  his  story  to  have  been  on  the  morning  of  the  12th ; 
but  the  other  accounts  and  his  own  reference  to  the  General’s 
arrival  settle  the  day  as  the  13th  and  the  time  as  before  daybreak. 
This  exploit  of  Mr.  Church  seems  to  have  been  unknown  to 
Messrs.  Dudley,  Oliver  and  other  contemporary  writers.  On 
Monday,  13th,  no  movement  was  made,  but  on  the  14th  the  Gen¬ 
eral  moved  his  whole  force,  except  Capt.  Oliver’s  company,  which 
kept  garrison,  out  through  the  country  to  the  westward,  and 
burned  the  town  of  the  Sachem  “  Ahmus,”  of  whom  I  can  find 
no  mention  except  this  of  Mr.  Dudley’s,  and  the  “  Quarters  ”  of 
Quaiapen,  Magnus,  or  Matantuck,  as  her  Indian  name  was  under- 


THE  ARMY  AT  NARRAGANSET. 


181 


stood  by  the  English,  “  Old  Queen  ”  or  “  Sunke  Squaw,”  as  she 
was  called  by  them.  She  was  the  widow  of  Mriksah,  or  Makanno, 
son  of  Canonicus.  Her  dominions  were  in  the  present  towns  of 
South  and  North  Kingston  and  Exeter,  and  near  the  line  between 
the  latter,  upon  a  high  rocky  hill,  is  still  to  be  found  the  remains  of 
an  old  Indian  fort,  known  from  earliest  times  as  the  “  Queen’s 
Fort,”  and  probably  near  the  place  where  her  deserted  “  Quarters  ” 
were  raided.  The  army  that  day  destroyed  one  hundred  and  fifty 
wigwams,  killed  seven  and  captured  nine  Indians.  In  the  mean 
time  Capt.  Oliver  had  sent  out  “  five  files,”  i.e.  thirty  of  his  men, 
under  Sergeant  (Peter)  Bennet,  who,  scouting  abroad,  killed  two 
Indians,  a  man  and  woman,  and  captured  four  more. 

Mr.  Dudley,  writing  on  the  next  day,  Wednesday,  December 
15th,  states  that  up  to  that  time  they  had  captured  or  killed,  in  all, 
fifty  persons,  and  their  prisoners  in  hand  were  forty.  Capt.  Oliver’s 
account  makes  the  number  fifty-seven  “  young  and  old.”  Adding 
Mr.  Church’s  eighteen,  and  we  swell  the  number  to  seventy-five. 
From  a  careful  survey  of  the  matter  in  all  its  relations,  I  am 
inclined  to  think  that  Church  was  acting  in  conjunction  with, 
and  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Mosely,  to  whom  the  official  re¬ 
turns  accredit  the  capture  of  the  whole  body,  eighteen  of  whom 
Church  claims  to  have  been  his  own  captives. 

Wednesday,  December  15th,  the  army  seems  to  have  been  held 
in  parley  most  of  the  day  by  the  pretended  negotiations  of 
“Stone-wall,”  or  “Stone-layer,”  John,  an  Indian  who  had  lived 
much  with  the  English,  and  had  learned  the  trade  of  stone-mason, 
but  was  now  hostile,  and  very  serviceable  to  the  Indians  in  many 
ways.  Whether  he  was  treacherous  or  not,  the  Indians  were 
gathering  and  skulking  about  the  English  quarters  while  he  was 
negotiating,  and  when  he  was  safely  away  they  began  to  pick  off 
our  men  wherever  they  found  opportunity,  and  later  lay  in  ambush 
behind  a  stone  wall  and  fired  upon  several  companies  of  the 
English  sent  out  to  bring  in  Major  Appleton’s  company,  quartered 
some  miles  away.  They  were  quickly  repulsed  with  the  loss  of 
one  of  their  leaders,  and  seem  to  have  gone  towards  the  general 
rendezvous  at  the  great  fort,  and  on  the  way  they  assaulted  and 
burned  the  garrison  of  Jireh,  or  “  Jerry”  Bull  at  Pettisquamscot 
(Tower  Hill,  S.  Kingston,  R.I.),  killing  fifteen  of  those  at  the 
garrison,  two  only  escaping. 

Thursday,  December  16th,  Capt.  Prentice  with  his  troop  rode 
out,  probably  following  the  trail  to  Pettisquamscot,  where  he 
found  the  garrison-house  in  ruins.  This  is  said  to  have  been  a 
very  strong  stone  house,  easily  defended  by  a  small  number,  and 
its  destruction,  of  which  there  is  no  detailed  account,  must  have 
been  accomplished  by  either  surprise  or  treachery.  The  news 
had  a  very  depressing  effect  upon  the  army,  who  had  hoped  that 
the  Connecticut  forces  had  already  arrived  there. 

Friday,  December  17th,  came  the  news  of  the  arrival  of  the 


182 


king  philip’s  war. 

Connecticut  regiment  at  Pettisquamscot.  Our  army  seems  to 
have  been  disposing  of  the  captives  and  preparing  for  the  march. 
Forty-seven  of  the  captives  were  sold  to  Capt.  Davenport  on 
this  day,  Saturday,  Dec.  18th.  The  General,  leaving  a  small 
garrison  at  Wickford,  pushed  his  army  forward  to  Pettisquamscot, 
and  about  5  P.M.  joined  the  Connecticut  troops  consisting  of 
about  three  hundred  English  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  Mohegan 
Indians.  In  a  severe  snow-storm,  the  whole  force,  about  one 
thousand  men,  encamped  in  the  open  field  through  that  bitter  cold 
night.  Sunday,  Dec.  19th,  before  daybreak  (Capt.  Oliver  says, 
“  at  five  o’clock  ”),  the  whole  force  marched  away  towards  the 
enemy’s  great  rendezvous. 

The  following,  gleaned  from  all  available  sources,  may  be  of 
interest  at  this  point : 

ROSTER  OF  THE  OFFICERS  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE 

UNITED  COLONIES, 

AS  ORGANIZED  FOR  THE  NARRAGANSET  CAMPAIGN,  AND  MUSTERED  AT 
PETTISQUAMSCOT,  DECEMBER  19,  1675. 

General  Josiah  Winslow,  Governor  of  Plymouth  Colony, 
Commander-in-chief . 

General  Staff. 

Daniel  Weld,  of  Salem,  Chief  Surgeon. 

Joseph  Dudley,  of  Boston,  Chaplain. 

Benjamin  Church,  of  Little  Compton,  R.I.,  Aid. 

MASSACHUSETTS  REGIMENT. 

Samuel  Appleton,  of  Ipswich,  Major  and  Captain  of  First  Company. 

Regimental  Staff. 

Richard  Knott,  of  Marblehead,  Surgeon. 

Samuel  Nowell,  of  Boston,  Chaplain. 

John  Morse,  of  Ipswich,  Commissary. 

Officers  of  the  Line. 

First  Company :  Jeremiah  Swain,  Lieutenant. 

Ezekiel  Woodward,  Sergeant  (Acting  Ensign). 

Second  Company :  Samuel  Mosely,  Captain. 

Perez  Savage,  Lieutenant. 

Third  Company:  James  Oliver,  Captain. 

Ephraim  Turner,  Lieutenant. 

Peter  Bennett,  Sergeant  (Acting  Ensign) . 


ROSTER  OF  ARMY  AT  NARRAGANSET. 


183 


Fourth  Company :  Isaac  Johnson,  Captain. 

Phineas  Upham,  Lieutenant. 

Henry  Bowen,  Ensign. 

Fifth  Company :  Nathaniel  Davenport,  Captain. 

Edward  Tyng,  Lieutenant. 

John  Drury,  Ensign. 

Sixth  Company:  Joseph  Gardiner,  Captain. 

William  Hathorne,  Lieutenant. 

Benjamin  Sweet,  Ensign  (promoted  Lieutenant). 
Jeremiah  Neal,  Sergeant  (promoted  Ensign) . 

Cavalry  Company  (  “  Troop  ”  )  :  Thomas  Prentice,  Captain. 

John  Wyman,  Cornet  (promoted  Lieutenant). 

PLYMOUTH  REGIMENT. 

William  Bradford,  of  Marshfield,  Major  and  Captain  of  First  Company. 

Regimental  Staff. 

Mathew  Fuller,  of  Barnstable,  Surgeon. 

Thomas  Huckins,  of  Barnstable,  Commissary. 

Officers  of  the  Line. 

First  Company :  Robert  Barker,  of  Duxbury,  Lieutenant. 

Second  Company :  John  Gorham,  of  Barnstable,  Captain. 

Jonathan  Sparrow,  of  Eastham,  Lieutenant 
William  Wetherell,  Sergeant. 

CONNECTICUT  REGIMENT. 

Robert  Treat,  of  Milford,  Major. 

Regimental  Staff. 

Gershom  Bulkely,  Surgeon. 

Rev.  Nicholas  Noyes,  Chaplain. 

Stephen  Barrett,  Commissary. 

Officers  of  the  Line. 

First  Company :  John  Gallop,  of  Stonington,  Captain. 

Second  Company :  Samuel  Marshall,  of  Windsor,  Captain. 
Third  Company:  Nathaniel  Seely,  of  Stratford,  Captain. 

Fourth  Company:  Thomas  Watts,  of  Hartford,  Captain. 

Fifth  Company  :  John  Mason,  of  Norwich,  Captain. 

To  the  First  and  Fifth  Connecticut  Companies  were  attached  Indian 
Scouting  Companies,  numbering  seventy-five  to  each. 

AFTER  THE  BATTLE. 

The  following  officers  were  sent  out  from  Massachusetts,  with 
recruits,  to  reorganize  their  Regiment,  and  fill  the  vacancies  caused  by 


184 


king  philip’s  war. 


the  losses  at  the  “  Fort  Fight.”  I  do  not  attempt  to  assign  the  special 
commands. 

Surgeons :  Dr.  Jacob  Willard,  of  Newton. 

Dr.  John  Cutler,  of  Hingham. 

Dr.  John  Clark,  of  Boston. 

Captains : 

Samuel  Wadsworth.  Joseph  Sill. 

Samuel  Brocklebank.  Thomas  Brattle. 

Jonathan  Remington  (promoted).  John  Jacob. 

Nicholas  Manning. 

Lieutenants:  Stephen  Greenleaf  (promoted). 

Daniel  Ring  (promoted) . 

Several  of  the  above  officers  were  in  the  “Fort  Fight”  as  subor¬ 
dinate  officers,  and  afterwards  promoted. 

FROM  CONNECTICUT. 

There  were  several  new  companies  and  the  following  officers  sent : 

Rev.  James  Fitch,  of  Saybrook. 

Rev.  John  Wise,  of  Branford. 

Capt.  John  Standley, 

Lieut.  Joseph  Wadsworth, 

Lieut.  Samuel  Martin,  Senr., 

Zachary  Sanford,  Sergb, 

Capt.  John  Beard, 

Lieut.  Moses  Mansfield, 

Capt.  John  Sillick, 

Lieut.  Stephen  Barrett, 

Of  the  forces  of  Massachusetts,  the  quota  was  527 ;  the  number 
actually  impressed  was  540,  including  troopers,  75.  The  returns 
made  at  Dedham  Plain  give  465  foot,  troopers,  73.  The  Connecti¬ 
cut  quota  was  315,  and  there  were  also  two  companies  of  Indians, 
150.  Plymouth’s  quota  was  158. 

The  scene  of  the  battle  is  well  identified.  It  is  situated  in 
West  Kingston,  R.I.,  and  belongs  to  the  estate  of  the  late  Hon. 
J.  G.  Clark,  whose  residence  was  about  one  mile  north-easterly 
from  the  old  battlefield.  Many  relics  of  the  battle  are  in  posses¬ 
sion  of  Mr.  Clarke’s  family.  Saving  the  changes  incident  upon  the 
clearing  and  cultivation  of  contiguous  land,  the  place  could  be 
easily  identified  as  the  battlefield,  even  if  its  location  were  not  put 
beyond  question  by  traditions  and  also  by  relics  found  from  time 
to  time  upon  the  place.  It  is  now,  as  then,  an  “  island  of  four  or 
five  acres,”  surrounded  by  swampy  land,  overflowed  except  in 
the  dryest  part  of  the  year.  The  island  was  cleared  and  plowed 
about  1775,  and  at  that  time  many  bullets  were  found  deeply 


-  Hartford  County  Soldiers. 

1  New  Haven  Company. 

1  Fairfield  Company. 


THE  SWAMP  FORT  BATTLE. 


185 


bedded  in  the  large  trees ;  quantities  of  charred  corn  were  plowed 
up  in  different  places,  and  it  is  said  that  Dutch  spoons  and  Indian 
arrow-heads,  etc.,  have  been  found  here  at  different  times. 

The  accompanying  map  is  a  section  —  slightly  reduced  —  of  the 
large  map  of  Rhode  Island,  made  from  surveys  under  the  direction 
of  H.  F.  Walling,  Esq.,  and  published  by  him  in  1862.  It  takes 
in  the  line  of  march  from  Pettisquamscot  (Tower-Hill)  to  the 
Fort.  There  is  no  “  scale  of  miles  ”  upon  the  large  map,  but  by  a 
careful  comparison  of  known  distances  it  appears  that  it  is  about 
seven  miles  in  a  bee  line,  nearly  west,  from  Tower-Hill  to  the 
battlefield ;  by  way  of  McSparran  Hill  in  direct  courses,  about 
ten  miles.  The  army,  following  the  higher  land,  with  frequent 
halts  and  probably  much  uncertain  wandering  and  careful  scout¬ 
ing,  consumed  the  time  from  five  o’clock  in  the  morning  to  about 
one  o’clock  P.M. ;  and  it  is  likely  that  in  this  roundabout  march 
they  made  about  fifteen  or  sixteen  miles,  the  distance  reported. 

In  the  retreat,  the  army  probably  followed  back  upon  their 
morning  track  as  far  as  McSparran  Hill,  and  thence  to  Wickford 
to  their  quarters  at  Mr.  Richard  Smith’s  garrison-house,  arriving 
there  about  two  o’clock  in  the  morning,  after  a  march  of  about 
eighteen  miles,  as  was  reported  at  the  time.  Mr.  Smith,  called 
Captain  and  Major  by  contemporary  writers,  was  a  person  of  wide 
influence  in  this  part  of  the  country,  and  held  in  high  esteem  in 
all  the  colonies.  He  was  the  son  of  Richard  Smith,  Senior,  who 
came  from  “  Gloster  Shire,”  in  England,  and  in  1641  bought  a 
large  tract  of  land,  including  the  present  town  of  Wickford,  and 
there  built  the  first  English  house  in  Narraganset,  and  set  up  a 
trading  station  and  offered  free  entertainment  to  all  travellers. 

THE  BATTLE  AT  THE  GREAT  SWAMP  FORT. 

About  one  o’clock,  P.M.,  the  army  came  upon  the  enemy  at  the 
edge  of  the  swamp,  in  the  midst  of  which  the  Indian  fortress  was 
built,  the  Massachusetts  regiment  leading  in  the  march,  Plymouth 
next,  and  Connecticut  bringing  up  the  rear.  Of  the  Massachusetts 
troops  Capts.  Mosely  and  Davenport  led  the  van  and  came  first 
upon  the  Indians,  and  immediately  opened  fire  upon  them,  —  thus 
at  the  beginning  gaining  the  important  advantage  of  the  first  fire, 
which  the  Indians  had  almost  always  gained  and  made  so  deadly 
by  deliberate  volleys  from  ambush,  as  they  doubtless  purposed  now. 
The  Indians  returned  the  fire  with  an  ineffectual  volley,  and  then 
fled  into  the  swamp  closely  pursued  by  the  foremost  companies, 
who  did  not  wait  for  the  word  of  command,  or  stand  much  upon 
the  “  order  of  their  going,”  until  they  reached  the  fortifications 
within  which  the  Indians  hastily  betook  themselves.  This  fort 
was  situated  upon  an  island  of  some  five  or  six  acres  in  the  midst 
of  a  cedar  swamp,  which  was  impassable  except  to  the  Indians  by 
their  accustomed  paths,  and  now  made  passable  only  by  the  severe 
cold  of  the  previous  day  and  night.  It  is  probable  that  the  Indians 


186 


king  philip’s  war. 


depended  chiefly  upon  the  swamp  to  protect  them,  though  their 
defences  are  described  as  having  been  of  considerable  strength. 
A  portion  of  the  high  ground  had  been  enclosed,  and  from  a  careful 
comparison  of  the  most  reliable  accounts,  it  seems  that  the  forti¬ 
fications  were  well  planned,  probably  by  the  Englishman  Joshua 
Teffe,  or  Tift,  as  Mr.  Dudley  calls  him.  Mr.  Hubbard  says  :  “  The 
Fort  was  raised  upon  a  Kind  of  Island  of  five  or  six  acres  of 
rising  Land  in  the  midst  of  a  swamp ;  the  sides  of  it  were  made 
of  Palisadoes  set  upright,  the  which  was  compassed  about  with  a 
Hedg  of  almost  a  rod  Thickness.”  A  contemporary  writer  (whose 
account  was  published  at  the  time  in  London,  and  is  reprinted  in 
Mr.  Drake’s  publication  called  the  “  Old  Indian  Chronicle  ”  )  says : 
“  In  the  midst  of  the  Swamp  was  a  Piece  of  firm  Land,  of  about 
three  or  four  Acres,  whereon  the  Indians  had  built  a  kind  of  Fort, 
being  palisadoed  round,  and  within  that  a  clay  Wall,  as  also  felled 
down  abundance  of  Trees  to  lay  quite  round  the  said  Fort,  but  they 
had  not  quite  finished  the  said  Work.”  It  is  evident  from  these, 
the  only  detailed  accounts,  and  from  some  casual  references,  that 
the  works  were  rude  and  incomplete,  but  would  have  been  almost 
impregnable  to  our  troops  had  not  the  swamp  been  frozen. 
At  the  corners  and  exposed  portions,  rude  block-houses  and 
flankers  had  been  built,  from  which  a  raking  fire  could  be  poured 
upon  any  attacking  force.  Either  by  chance,  or  the  skill  of  Peter, 
their  Indian  guide,  the  English  seem  to  have  come  upon  a  point 
of  the  fort  where  the  Indians  did  not  expect  them.  Mr.  Church, 
in  relating  the  circumstances  of  Capt.  Gardiner’s  death,  says  that 
he  was  shot  from  that  side  “  next  the  upland  where  the  English 
entered  the  swamp.”  The  place  where  he  fell  was  at  the  “  east 
end  of  the  fort.”  The  tradition  that  the  English  approached  the 
swamp  by  the  rising  land  in  front  of  the  “  Judge  Marchant  ” 
house,  thus  seems  confirmed.  This  “  upland  ”  lies  about  north 
of  the  battlefield. 

Our  van  pursued  those  of  the  enemy  who  first  met  them  so 
closely  that  they  were  led  straight  to  the  entrance  used  by  the 
Indians  themselves,  perhaps  by  their  design  then  to  attract  atten¬ 
tion  from  an  exposed  part  of  their  works  a  short  distance  away. 
The  passage  left  by  the  Indians  for  their  own  use,  as  before  men¬ 
tioned,  was  by  a  long  tree  over  a  “  place  of  water,”  across  which 
but  one  might  pass  at  a  time,  u  and  which  was  so  waylaid  that  they 
would  have  been  cut  off  that  had  ventured.”  Mr.  Hubbard  counts 
among  the  fortunate  circumstances  of  that  day  that  the  troops 
did  not  attempt  to  carry  this  point,  and  that  they  discovered  the 
only  assailable  point  a  little  farther  on.  This  was  at  a  corner  of 
the  fort  where  was  a  large  unfinished  gap,  where  neither  palisades 
nor  the  abattis,  or  “  hedge,”  had  been  placed,  but  only  a  long 
tree  had  been  laid  across  about  five  feet  from  the  ground,  to  fill 
the  gap,  and  might  be  easily  passed ;  only  that  the  block-house 
right  opposite  this  gap  and  the  flankers  at  the  sides  were  finished, 


SOUTH  KINGSTON,  R.l. 


By  courtesy  of  the  MASSACHUSETTS  SOCIETY  OF  COLONIAL  WARS. 


FORT  TAKEN  AND  BURNED. 


187 


from  which  a  galling  fire  might  sweep  and  enfilade  the  passage. 
Mr.  Hubbard’s  account  is  very  clear  about  this,  yet  several  writers 
have  sadly  confused  matters  and  described  the  first  as  the  point 
of  assault. 

The  companies  of  Capts.  Davenport  and  J ohnson  came  first 1  to 
this  place,  and  those  officers  at  once  charged  through  the  gap  and 
over  the  log  at  the  head  of  their  companies,  but  Johnson  fell 
dead  at  the  log,  and  Davenport  a  little  within  the  fort,  and  their 
men  were  met  with  so  fierce  a  fire  that  they  were  forced  to  retire 
again  and  fall  upon  their  faces  to  avoid  the  fury  of  the  musketry 
till  it  should  somewhat  abate.  Mosely  and  Gardiner,  pressing  to 
their  assistance,  met  a  similar  reception,  losing  heavily,  till  they 
too  fell  back  with  the  others,  until  Major  Appleton  coming  up 
with  his  own  and  Capt.  Oliver’s  men,  massed  his  entire  force  as  a 
storming  column,  and  it  is  said  that  the  shout  of  one  of  the  com¬ 
manders  that  the  Indians  were  running,  so  inspired  the  soldiers 
that  they  made  an  impetuous  assault,  carried  the  entrance  amain, 
beat  the  enemy  from  one  of  his  flankers  at  the  left,  which  afforded 
them  a  temporary  shelter  from  the  Indians  still  holding  the  block¬ 
house  opposite  the  entrance.  In  the  mean  time,  the  General, 
holding  the  Plymouth  forces  in  reserve,  pushed  forward  the  Con¬ 
necticut  troops,  who  not  being  aware  of  the  extent  of  the  danger 
from  the  block-house,  suffered  fearfully  at  their  first  entrance,  but 
charged  forward  gallantly,  though  some  of  their  brave  officers  and 
many  of  their  comrades  lay  dead  behind  them,  and  unknown 
numbers  and  dangers  before.  The  forces  now  joining,  beat  the 
enemy  step  by  step,  and  with  the  fierce  fighting,  out  of  their 
block-houses  and  various  fortifications.  Many  of  the  Indians, 
driven  from  their  works,  fled  outside,  some  doubtless  to  the  wig¬ 
wams  inside,  of  which  there  were  said  to  be  upward  of  five  hun¬ 
dred,  many  of  them  large  and  rendered  bullet-proof  by  large 
quantities  of  grain  in  tubs  and  bags,  placed  along  the  sides.  In 
these  many  of  their  old  people  and  their  women  and  children  had 
gathered  for  safety,  and  behind  and  within  these  as  defences  the 
Indians  still  kept  up  a  skulking  fight,  picking  off  our  men. 
After  three  hours  hard  fighting,  with  many  of  the  officers  and 
men  wounded  or  dead,  a  treacherous  enemy  of  unknown  numbers 
and  resources  lurking  in  the  surrounding  forests,  and  the  night 
coming  on,  word  comes  to  fire  the  wigwams,  and  the  battle  be¬ 
comes  a  fearful  holocaust,  great  numbers  of  those  who  had  taken 
refuge  therein  being  burned. 

The  fight  had  now  raged  for  nearly  three  hours,  with  dreadful 
carnage  in  proportion  to  the  numbers  engaged.  It  is  not  certain 
at  just  what  point  the  Plymouth  forces  were  pushed  forward,  but 
most  likely  after  the  works  were  carried,  and  the  foremost,  ex¬ 
hausted,  retired  for  a  time,  bearing  their  dead  and  wounded  to  the 
rear;  but  we  are  assured  that  all  took  part  in  the  engagement, 

1  John  Raymond  (Rayment)  claimed  to  have  been  the  first  soldier  to  enter  the  fort. 


188 


king  philip’s  war. 

coming  on  in  turn  as  needed.  It  is  doubtful  if  the  cavalry 
crossed  the  swamp,  but  were  rather  held  in  reserve  and  as  scouts 
to  cover  the  rear  and  prevent  surprises  from  any  outside  parties. 

When  now  the  fortress  and  all  its  contents  were  burning,  and 
destruction  assured,  our  soldiers  hastily  gathered  their  wounded 
and  as  many  as  possible  of  their  dead,  and  formed  their  shattered 
column  for  the  long  and  weary  march  back  to  Wickford. 

Reliable  details  of  this  battle  are  few,  and  only  gleaned  from 
casual  references  here  and  there,  and  thus  many,  who  have  sought 
to  write  upon  the  matter,  have  quoted  in  full  the  story  of  Ben¬ 
jamin  Church,  who  relates  his  own  experience,  and  draws  out  his 
personal  reminiscences  with  all  an  old  man’s  fondness  for  his 
deeds  of  “  long  ago.”  The  very  small  part  he  took  in  this  battle 
is  evident  even  from  his  own  story,  and  from  the  utter  silence  of 
other  writers,  especially  Mr.  Hubbard,  who  knew  Church  and 
commends  him  highly  for  his  exploits  in  the  Mount  Hope  cam¬ 
paign.  No  one  can  doubt  the  ability  or  courage  of  Mr.  Church, 
but  his  part  in  this  battle  was  simply  that  when  the  fort  was 
carried  and  the  fighting  nearly  over,  he  went,  with  some  thirty 
others,  into  and  through  the  fort  and  out  into  the  swamp  upon 
the  trail  of  the  retreating  foe,  discovered,  ambushed  and  scattered 
a  skulking  party  of  them  returning  to  the  attack,  chased  a  few  of 
them  into  the  fort  amongst  the  huts,  and  was  himself  severely 
wounded  by  them  thus  brought  to  bay. 

I  wish  here  to  record  my  protest  against  the  unjust,  often 
weak,  and  always  inconsiderate,  criticism  bestowed  upon  our 
leaders  in  this  campaign,  and  especially  in  this  battle,  for  their 
lack  of  foresight  in  abandoning  the  shelter  and  provisions  of  the 
fort,  their  sacrifice  of  the  lives  of  our  wounded  men  through  their 
removal  and  the  dangers  and  fatigues  of  the  long  march,  and 
their  inhumanity  in  burning  the  helpless  and  innocent  in  their 
huts  and  wigwams. 

It  is  well  to  remember  at  the  start  that  many  of  the  wisest, 
ablest  and  bravest  men  of  the  three  colonies  were  the  leaders  in 
this  affair.  A  noble  commander,  wise  and  brave ;  reverend 
ministers,  by  no  means  backward  with  their  opinions ;  the  most 
prominent  and  skilful  surgeons  the  country  afforded;  veteran 
majors  and  captains  of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut,  with 
their  veteran  soldiers  fresh  from  the  severe  experiences  in  the 
western  campaign,  inured  to  danger  and  experienced  in  Indian 
wiles  and  deceits :  against  all  these  we  have  recorded  only  the 
remonstrance  of  Mr.  Church,  who  up  to  that  time,  at  least,  had 
experience  in  Indian  warfare  only  as  a  scout,  and  the  only  record 
we  have  of  any  protest  by  him  was  made  many  years  after  the 
affair.  And  again,  from  the  standpoint  of  their  conditions  as 
nearly  as  we  can  now  judge,  it  seems  that  their  hasty  retreat 
was  wise.  They  were  some  sixteen  miles  from  their  base  of 
supplies  (it  is  doubtful  if  they  had  noted  the  Indian  supplies 
until  the  burning  began).  There  was  no  way  of  reaching  their 


MARCH  BACK  TO  WICKFORD. 


189 


provisions  and  ammunition  at  Wickford  except  by  detaching  a 
portion  of  their  force  now  reduced  greatly  by  death,  wounds  and 
exposure.  The  numbers  of  Indians  that  had  escaped,  and  were 
still  in  the  woods  close  at  hand,  were  unknown,  but  supposed  to 
be  several  thousand,  with  report  of  a  thousand  in  reserve  about 
a  mile  distant.  These  were  now  scattered  and  demoralized,  but 
in  a  few  hours  might  rally  and  fall  upon  the  fort,  put  our  troops, 
in  their  weakened  condition,  upon  the  defensive,  and  make  their 
retreat  from  the  swamp  extremely  difficult  if  not  utterly  impos¬ 
sible,  encumbered  as  they  would  be  by  the  wounded,  whose 
swollen  and  stiffened  wounds  in  a  few  hours  would  render 
removal  doubly  painful  and  dangerous.  Added  to  this  was  the 
chance  of  an  attack  upon  the  garrison  at  Wickford,  and  the 
dread  of  the  midnight  ambuscade,  which  every  hour’s  delay  made 
more  likely  and  would  render  more  dangerous.  Thus  it  seems 
to  me  that  from  the  standpoint  of  military  strategy,  the  immediate 
retreat  to  Wickford  was  best.  As  to  humanity,  we  must  remem¬ 
ber  the  harsh  times  in  which  they  were  living,  the  contempt  in 
which  the  Indians  were  held  —  first,  as  heathen,  against  whom 
war  was  righteous ;  second,  as  idle  and  treacherous  vagabonds, 
with  no  rights  which  honest  industry  was  bound  to  respect; 
third,  as  deadly  enemies  lying  in  wait  to  plunder,  burn  and 
destroy.  Moreover,  the  very  life  of  the  colonies  was  threatened 
by  this  war;  many  thriving  hamlets  were  already  in  ashes; 
hundreds  of  families  were  broken  up  and  scattered  up  and  down, 
with  loss  of  all ;  fathers,  husbands  and  brothers  slain  or  in  cap¬ 
tivity,  farms  and  homes  laid  waste,  whole  communities  huddled 
in  wretched  block-houses,  while  the  “reign  of  terror”  swept 
about  them.  Brookfield,  “Beers’s  Plain,”  and  “ Bloody-Brook,” 
with  their  outrage  and  carnage,  were  fresh  in  mind,  and,  a  few 
days  before,  the  destruction  and  massacre  at  Pettisquamscot ; 
while  even  here  at  their  feet  were  their  dead  and  dying  comrades 
and  beloved  officers.  Is  it  strange  that  they  were  cruel,  when 
now  for  the  first  time  they  came  face  to  face  with  the  authors  of 
all  their  troubles  in  a  fair  fight?  By  any  candid  student  of 
history  I  believe  this  must  be  classed  as  one  of  the  most  glorious 
victories  ever  achieved  in  our  history,  and  considering  conditions, 
as  displaying  heroism,  both  in  stubborn  patience  and  dashing 
intrepidity,  never  excelled  in  American  warfare. 

Of  the  details  of  the  march  to  Wickford  very  little  is  known ; 
through  a  bitter  cold  winter’s  night,  in  a  blinding  snow-storm, 
carrying  two  hundred  and  ten  of  their  wounded  and  dead,  these 
soldiers,  who  had  marched  from  dawn  till  high  noon,  had  engaged 
in  a  desperate  life-and-death  struggle  from  noon  till  sunset,  now 
plodded  sturdily  back  to  their  quarters  of  the  day  before,  through 
deepening  snows  and  over  unbroken  roads.1  By  the  letters  below, 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  General  and  staff,  with  their  escort,  got 

1  There  is  a  tradition  (mentioned  in  a  note  in  Hon.  Elisha  R.  Potter,  Jr.’s  “Early  History  of 
Narragansett  ”)  that  the  English  feared  an  ambuscade  in  force  on  the  line  of  march  by  which  they 
had  come,  and  so  marched  by  way  of  McSparran  Hill  on  their  return. 


190 


king  Philip’s  war. 


separated  from  the  main  column,  lost  their  way  and  wandered 
about  till  7  o’clock  next  morning,  while  the  main  body  reached 
their  quarters  at  2  o’clock. 


DEAD  AND  WOUNDED. 

The  names  of  those  officers  and  soldiers  of  Massachusetts  killed 
and  wounded  in  this  battle  have  been  given  heretofore  in  the 
sketches  of  the  companies  to  which  they  belonged. 

By  Capt.  Oliver’s  letter,  written  a  little  more  than  a  month 
afterwards  from  the  seat  of  war,  and  considered  official,  we  learn 
that  up  to  that  time  the  dead  numbered  about  sixty-eight,  and 
the  wounded  one  hundred  and  fifty,  in  the  whole  army.  Eight  of 
the  dead  were  left  in  the  fort,  and  twelve  more  were  dead  when 
they  started  back  to  Wickford.  Twenty-two  died  on  the  march, 
and  before  the  next  day,  Monday,  Dec.  20th,  when  they  buried 
thirty-four  in  one  grave,  and  six  more  within  two  days,  eight 
died  at  Rhode  Island,  and  three  others,  making  in  all  but  fifty- 
nine,  if  we  reckon  the  twelve  carried  from  the  fort  as  a  part  of 
the  thirty-four  buried  Dec.  20th;  otherwise,  seventy-one.  But 
the  first  estimate  of  sixty-eight  is  satisfied  if  we  add  the  twenty 
killed  at  the  fort  to  those  buried  at  Wickford  and  Rhode  Island, 
and  conclude  that  the  twelve  taken  from  the  fort  were  buried 
somewhere  on  the  march. 

Ninigret,  sachem  of  the  Nianticks,  sent  to  General  Winslow 
word  that  his  people  had  buried  the  dead  of  the  English  left  at 
the  Fort,  and  that  the  number  was  twenty-four,  and  he  asked  for 
a  charge  of  powder  for  each.  This  information  was  given  in  a 
letter  from  Major  Bradford  to  Rev.  Mr.  Cotton  of  Plymouth. 

Of  the  losses  of  Massachusetts  we  are  not  left  in  doubt,  since 
there  is  still  preserved  in  our  archives  a  full  and  official  return, 
which  Mr.  Hubbard  gives  substantial^,  adding  to  the  wounded 
probably  those  whose  wounds  were  slight  and  not  reported  at  the 
time,  and  with  some  modifications  of  the  list  of  dead,  though  with 
the  same  total. 

The  official  list  of  those  killed  and  wounded  in  the  battle, 
including  three  of  Capt.  Gardiner’s  men  killed  previous  to  the 
battle,  is  dated  January  6,  1675,  and  entitled, 


A  list  of  Major  Sam1  Apleton  souldjers  y‘  were  slayne  &  wounded 
the  19th  Decemb.  ’75,  at  the  Indians  fort  at  Narraganset. 


In  the  Company  of 


Major  Appleton, 

Killed. 

4 

Wounded. 

18 

Capt.  Mosely, 

6 

9 

Capt.  Oliver, 

Capt.  Davenport, 

5 

8 

4 

11 

Capt.  Johnson, 

4 

8 

Capt.  Gardiner, 

7 

10 

Capt.  Prentice, 

1 

3 

.  104.] 

31 

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CG  nd 


LOSSES  IN  THE  BATTLE. 


191 


Of  the  officers,  Capts.  Davenport,  Johnson  and  Gardiner  were 
killed,  and  Lieutenants  Upham,  Savage,  Swain,  and  Ting  were 
wounded. 

Of  the  Connecticut  troops,  seventy-one  were  killed  and 
wounded  according  to  Hubbard ;  and  according  to  the  eminent 
historian  of  Connecticut,  Dr.  Benjamin  Trumbull,  seventy. 


Capt.  Gallop, 

10 

Capt.  Marshall, 

14 

Capt.  Seely, 

20 

Capt.  Mason, 

9 

Capt.  Watts, 

17—70 

Mr.  Hubbard’s  Account. 

Of  New  Haven  Company,  20 

Of  Capt.  Siely  his  Company,  20 

Of  Capt.  Watt  his  Company,  17 
Of  Capt.  Marshall  his  Company,  14 — 71 


Major  Treat,  by  tradition,  is  said  to  have  been  the  last  man  to 
have  left  the  fort,  commanding  the  rear  guard  of  the  army ;  and 
of  his  captains,  Gallop,  Marshall  and  Seely  were  killed,  and  Capt. 
Mason  mortally  wounded. 

Of  the  Plymouth  forces,  Major  Bradford,  commander,  and 
Benjamin  Church  of  the  General’s  staff  were  severely  wounded, 
and  of  the  soldiers  the  killed  and  wounded  in  both  companies 
were  twenty,  by  best  accounts. 

The  grave  of  the  forty  buried  at  Wickford  was  marked  by  a 
tree  called  the  “  grave  appletree,”  which  was  blown  down  in  the 
gale  of  September,  1815.  The  wounded  were  sent  in  vessels  to 
Rhode  Island,  and  well  cared  for. 

Of  the  losses  of  the  enemy  there  can  be  no  reliable  account. 
Capt.  Oliver  says,  “  By  the  best  intelligence  we  killed  300  fight¬ 
ing  men,  and  took  say  350  and  above  300  women  and  children.” 
Mr.  Dudley,  two  days  after  the  fight,  reckons  about  two  hundred ; 
Capt.  Mosely  counted  sixty-four  in  one  corner  of  the  fort ;  and 
Capt.  Gorham  made  an  estimate  of  at  least  one  hundred  and  fifty. 
The  desperate  strait  of  the  Indians  is  shown  by  their  leaving  the 
dead  in  their  flight.  Indian  prisoners  afterward  reported  seven 
hundred  killed. 

The  conduct  of  the  Mohegan  and  Pequod  allies  is  represented 
by  Capt.  Oliver  as  false,  they  firing  in  the  air,  but  securing  much 
plunder.  I  have  found  no  other  notice  of  their  part  in  the  battle. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  following  letters,  written  by  J oseph  Dudley,  who  was  with 
Gen.  Winslow  as  one  of  his  staff  or  “  Guard,”  and  also  served  as 
chaplain  to  the  army,  are  perhaps  the  most  reliable  official  reports 
of  the  campaign  that  remain.  The  letter  of  the  fifteenth  is  still 
preserved,  as  noted  below.  That  of  the  twenty-first  was  pub¬ 
lished  by  Governor  Hutchinson  in  his  “  History  of  the  Colony  of 
Massachusetts  Bay,”  London  edition  (1765),  page  302.  I  have 
not  been  able  to  find  the  original  of  tins  last.  The  letter  of  the 
Council  to  Gen.  Winslow,  in  answer  to  Dudley’s  first,  is  pre- 


192 


king  philip’s  war. 


served,  as  below  noted,  and  in  two  copies  —  the  first  a  rough 
draft,  the  second  a  carefully  written  copy  in  Secretary  Raws  on’s 
own  hand. 

Letter  of  Joseph  Dudley. 

May  it  please  your  Honnr  Mr  Smiths  15,  10,  75 

I  am  commanded  by  the  Generali  to  give  your  Honnr  account  of  our 
proceeding  since  our  last  frm  Pautuxet  in  the  Sabath  evening  we 
advanced  the  whole  body  from  Mr  Carpenters  with  Intent  to  surprise 
Pomham  &  his  Party  at  about  10  or  12  Miles  Distance  having  infor¬ 
mation  by  our  Warwick  Scouts  of  his  seat  but  the  darkness  of  ye  Night 
Difficulty  of  our  passage  &  unskilfulness  of  Pilots  we  passed  the  whole 
Night  &  found  ourselves  at  such  Distance  yet  from  ym  y*  we  Diverted 
&  Marched  to  Mr.  Smiths,  found  our  Sloops  from  Seaconk  arrived 
since  which  by  ye  help  of  Indian  Peter  by  whom  your  Honnor  had  the 
Information  formerly  of  ye  Number  &  resolution  of  ye  Naragansets,  we 
have  burned  two  of  their  Towns  viz  :  Ahmus  who  is  this  summer  come 
down  amongst  them  &  ye  old  Queens  quarters  consisting  of  about  150 
Many  of  them  large  wigwams  &  seized  &  slayn  50  Persons  in  all  our 
prisoners  being  about  40  Concerning  whom  the  generall  prayes  your 
advice  concerning  their  transportation  or  Disposall  all  which  was  per¬ 
formed  without  any  loss  save  a  slight  wound  by  an  Arrow  in  Lieut. 
Way  man’s  face,  the  whole  body  of  them  we  find  removed  into  their 
great  swamp  at  Canonicus  his  quarters  where  we  hope  with  the  addition 
of  Connecticut,  when  arrived  we  hope  to  Coop  them  up,  this  day  we 
Intend  the  removall  or  spoyle  of  yr  Corn  &  hope  to  Morrow  a  March 
toward  them,  our  soldiers  being  very  chearful  are  forward  notwithstand¬ 
ing  great  Difficulty  by  weather  &  otherwise,  abovsd  Peter  whom  we 
have  found  very  faithfull  will  Make  us  believe  y*  yr  are  3000  fighting 
Men  though  Many  unarmed  Many  well  fitted  with  lances  we  hope  by 
cutting  off  their  forage  to  force  them  to  a  fayr  battle  In  ye  Mean 
time  I  have  only  to  present  the  Generalls  humble  service  to  your  [sic] 
&  to  beg  your  Intense  prayers  for  this  so  great  Concern  and  remayn 
your 

Honnors  Humble  Servant  Jos:  Dudley. 

Goodale  nor  Moor  arrived  we  fear  want  of  shot. 

My  humble  service  to  Madam  Leveret  Brother  and  Sister  Hubbard  & 
Dudley. 

Amongst  our  Prison1'8  &  Slayn  we  find  10  or  12  Wampanoags. 

[Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  101.] 


Answer  of  the  Council  to  Gen.  Winslow. 

Sr  yr  Intelligences  and  Advices  subjected  by  Mr.  Dudley  the  15  &  16 
Ins*  wee  received  this  Morning  being  the  18th  at  eight  of  the  clock.  Wee 
desire  to  blesse  God  y*  hee  hath  smiled  upon  you  in  yr  first  Attempts  & 
hath  delivered  some  of  or  enemys  into  yor  hands  &  also  to  Acknowledge 
Gods  favour  in  the  supporting  ye  hearts  of  yor  souldiers  in  such  a  severe 
season  &  keeping  up  their  spirits  wth  courage  and  that  you  have  received 
no  more  losse  of  men :  But  yet  also  according  to  God’s  wonted  manner 


CORRESPONDENCE  AFTER  THE  BATTLE. 


193 


of  dealing  hee  hath  mixed  the  Cup  wth  some  bitternes ;  in  the  losse 
susteyned  in  yor  soldiers  especially  Mr  Bulls  house  &  ye  people  yre  also 
y*  the  forces  of  Conecticut  are  not  joyned  wth  you  nor  the  vessell  wth 
supplys  of  Ammunition  &  provision  then  arrived;  Wee  hope  by  this 
time  both  the  vessell  may  be  arrived  &  the  Conecticut  men  conjoined 
wth  you  but  least  that  should  fade  wee  have  sent  a  cart  wth  Ammunition  ; 
and  an  order  from  Gounr  Winthrop  for  their  forces  to  March  speedily ; 
Concerning  the  disposall  of  ye  Indian  prisoners ;  Our  Advice  is  if  any 
present  to  buy  them,  they  may  be  sould  there  &  delivered  by  your  Orders 
or  if  that  cannot  bee  then  to  secure  them  at  the  Island  or  els-where  at 
yor  best  discretion ;  W ee  have  no  more  to  add  at  present  but  our  hearty 
prayers  unto  the  Lord  of  Hoasts  to  appear  wth  &  for  you  &  all  wth  you, 
in  all  yor  enterprises,  for  the  Lord  &  his  people  and  cover  all  yor  heads 
in  the  day  of  Battle,  So  wth  our  particular  respects  &  love  to  yrself  & 
all  ye  Command”  &  Ministers ;  wee  remajne 

Yor  respective  friends  &  servants 

Boston  18:  December  1675  Edward  Rawson  Secret7  in  the  name 

at  one  of  the  clock.  &  by  ye  order  of  the  Council. 

[Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  102.] 

Second  Letter  of  Joseph  Dudley .x 

Mr  Smith’s,  21,  10, 1675  (Dec.  21,  1675). 

May  it  please  your  honour, 

The  coming  in  of  Connecticut  force  to  Petaquamscot,  and  surprisal 
of  six  and  slaughter  of  5  on  Friday  night,  Saturday  we  marched  towards 
Petaquamscot,  though  in  the  snow,  and  in  conjunction  about  midnight 
or  later,  we  advanced ;  Capt.  Mosely  led  the  van,  after  him  Massachu- 
sets,  and  Plimouth  and  Connecticut  in  the  rear ;  a  tedious  march  in  the 
snow,  without  intermission,  brought  us  about  two  of  the  clock  after¬ 
noon,  to  the  entrance  of  the  swamp,  by  the  help  of  Indian  Peter,  who 
dealt  faithfully  with  us ;  our  men,  with  great  courage,  entered  the  swamp 
about  twenty  rods ;  within  the  cedar  swamp  we  found  some  hundreds  of 
wigwams,  forted  in  with  a  breastwork  and  hankered,  and  many  small 
blockhouses  up  and  down,  round  about;  they  entertained  us  with  a 
fierce  fight,  and  many  thousand  shot,  for  about  an  hour,  when  our  men 
valiantly  scaled  the  fort,  beat  them  thence,  and  from  the  blockhouses. 
In  which  action  we  lost  Capt.  Johnson,  Capt  Danforth,  and  Capt  Gar¬ 
diner,  and  their  lieutenants  disabled,  Capt.  Marshall  also  slain ;  Capt. 
Seely,  Capt.  Mason,  disabled,  and  many  other  of  our  officers,  insomuch 
that,  by  a  fresh  assault  and  recruit  of  powder  from  their  store,  the 
Indians  fell  on  again,  recarried  and  beat  us  out  of,  the  fort,  but  by  the 
great  resolution  and  courage  of  the  General  and  Major,  we  reinforced, 
and  very  hardly  entered  the  fort  again,  and  fired  the  wigwams,  with 
many  living  and  dead  persons  in  them,  great  piles  of  meat  and  heaps 
of  corn,  the  ground  not  admitting  burial  of  their  store,  were  consumed ; 
the  number  of  their  dead,  we  generally  suppose  the  enemy  lost  at  least 
two  hundred  men ;  Capt.  Mosely  counted  in  one  corner  of  the  fort  sixty 
four  men ;  Capt.  Goram  reckoned  150  at  least ;  But,  0  !  Sir,  mine  heart 
bleeds  to  give  your  honor  an  account  of  our  lost  men,  but  especially 
our  resolute  Captains,  as  by  account  inclosed,  and  yet  not  so  many, 

1  This  letter  is  copied  from  the  note  in  Hutchinson’s  History  of  Massachusetts,  vol.  i.  page  273. 


194 


king  philip’s  war. 


but  we  admire  there  remained  any  to  return,  a  captive  woman,  well 
known  to  Mr  Smith,  informing  that  there  were  three  thousand  five  hun¬ 
dred  men  engaging  us  and  about  a  mile  distant  a  thousand  in  reserve, 
to  whom  if  God  had  so  pleased,  we  had  been  but  a  morsel,  after  so 
much  disablement :  she  informeth,  that  one  of  their  sagamores  was  slain 
and  their  powder  spent,  causing  their  retreat,  and  that  they  are  in  a 
distressed  condition  for  food  and  houses,  that  one  Joshua  Tift,  an 
Englishman,  is  their  encourager  and  conductor.  Philip  was  seen  by 
one,  credibly  informing  us,  under  a  strong  guard. 

After  our  wounds  were  dressed,  we  drew  up  for  a  march,  not  able  to 
abide  the  field  in  the  storm,  and  weary,  about  two  of  the  clock,  obtained 
our  quarters,  with  our  dead  and  wounded,  only  the  General,  Ministers, 
and  some  other  persons  of  the  guard,  going  to  head  a  small  swamp, 
lost  our  way,  and  returned  again  to  the  evening’s  quarters,  a  wonder 
we  were  not  a  prey  to  them,  and,  after  at  least  thirty  miles  marching 
up  and  down,  in  the  morning  recovered  our  quarters,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  the  arrival  of  Goodale  next  morning,  the  whole  camp  had 
perished ;  The  whole  army,  especially  Connecticut,  is  much  disabled 
and  unwilling  to  march,  with  tedious  storms,  and  no  lodgings,  and 
frozen  and  swollen  limbs,  Major  Treat  importunate  to  return  at  least 
to  Stonington ;  Our  dead  and  wounded  are  about  two  hundred,  disabled 
as  many ;  the  want  of  officers,  the  consideration  whereof  the  General 
commends  to  your  honor,  forbids  any  action  at  present,  and  we  fear 
whether  Connecticut  will  comply,  at  last,  to  any  action.  We  are  en¬ 
deavoring,  by  good  keeping  and  billetting  our  men  at  several  quarters, 
and,  if  possible  removal  of  our  wounded  to  Rhode-Island,  to  recover 
the  spirit  of  our  soldiers,  and  shall  be  diligent  to  find  and  understand 
the  removals  on  other  action  of  the  enemy,  if  God  please  to  give  us 
advantage  against  them. 

As  we  compleat  the  account  of  our  dead,  now  in  doing,  the  Council 
is  of  the  mind,  without  recruit  of  men  we  shall  not  be  able  to  engage 
the  main  body. 

I  give  your  honour  hearty  thanks  I  am  Sir,  your  honor’s 
for  your  kind  lines,  of  which  humble  servant, 

I  am  not  worthy  Joseph  Dudley. 

Since  the  writing  of  these  lines,  the  General  and  Council  have  jointly 
concluded  to  abide  on  the  place,  notwithstanding  the  desire  of  Con¬ 
necticut,  only  entreat  that  a  supply  of  200  may  be  sent  us,  with  supply 
of  commanders ;  and,  whereas  we  are  forced  to  garrison  our  quarters 
with  at  least  one  hundred,  three  hundred  men,  upon  joint  account  of 
the  colonies,  will  serve,  and  no  less,  to  effect  the  design.  This  is  by 
order  of  the  council. 

Blunderbusses,  and  hand  grenadoes,  and  armour,  if  it  may,  and  at 
least  two  armourers  to  mend  arms. 

COMMISSARY  DEPARTMENT. 

The  following  accounts  are  inserted  in  this  place  as  showing 
somewhat  the  method  and  material  of  the  commissary  de¬ 
partment  at  that  time.  The  accounts,  as  will  be  noticed,  relate 
largely  to  the  early  part  of  the  war,  and  the  Mount  Hope 
campaign  under  General  Cudworth.  The  preliminary  accounts 


SUPPLIES  TO  PLYMOUTH. 


195 


having  been  squared  by  Mr.  Southward  (Southworth),  all  the  rest 
were  gathered  in  the  general  settlement  in  January,  1675-6. — 
In  Hull’s  Journal. 

27  August  1675 

Plymouth  Colony  Dr.  to  Cash  for  severalls  as  followeth. 

To  Phillip  Curtis  for  five  men  to  guard 

powder  and  shott  00,  17,  00 

To  the  Guard  for  expence  at  Roxbury  00,  08,  06  )  02,  05,  09 
for  ^  bb1  of  biskett  00,  05,  09 

for  llb  of  powder  besides  what  they  brought  00,  01,  90 
Expense  of  sd  Guard  at  Dedham  00,  13,  00 

September  14th  1675 

Richard  Smith  for  guarding  Ammunition  00,  03,  00 
John  Lawrence  ditto.  00,  03,  00 

James  Hosly  ditto.  00,  03,  00  l,  00,  15,  00 

James  Montt  ditto.  00,  03,  00 

Ebenezer  Hill  ditto.  00,  03,  00 

November  23  d.  Cr.  By  Received  of  Mr.  Southward 

for  disbursements  .......  03,  00,  09 

January  25th  1675 

Plimouth  Colony  Dr.  to  Sundry  accts  as  hear  stated  in  p’per 
p’cells,  for  severlls  dd\  by  sundry  persons  for  the  use  of  s  Colony  at 
divers  times  from  the  29th  June  last  to  this  moneth  inclusive  as  per 
the  accts,  receipts,  &  orders  relating  thereunto  filed  as  p  No.  1269 
&  1270  £285,  14,  10 


Armes  for  a  muskett  to  Gen1  Cudworth  . 

Liqors  for  Rum  to  viz. 

Mr.  James  Brown  9J  Gall  .  .  .2, 

Their  forces  at  Naragansett  12£  gall  3, 

Apparel  for  severalls  viz.  ..... 

To  Nathaniel  Gunny  1  pr  shoes  .  .0, 

Ditto  Benjamin  Peirce  .  .  .  .0, 

To  Capt  Cornelius,  Wastcoat,  Shoes  &  Stokins  0,  14, 
To  Josiah  Joslin,  shoes  and  stockins  .  0,  7, 

To  Gen1  Cudworth  6  pr. shoes  and  13  p.stockins3, 
Delivered  by  the  Commissioners  to  their  forces  at 
Narragansett  viz. 


5, 

0, 

4, 

4, 


0, 


26 — shirts  at 

7, 

16,  0\ 

6 — Wastcoats 

2, 

14,  0 

9 — pr  drawers 

1, 

4,  0 

1 — pr  breeches 

o, 

18,  0 

2 — lined  coats 

3, 

0,  0 

10 — pr  shoes  ) 

A 

> 

1 5  ft 

5— pr  stockins  j 

It/J  V/ 

6  yd8  of  canvas  for  neckcloaths 

!l 

shott  pouch  and  calicoe 

f1’ 

180  yds  sale  cloth  at  ye 

6, 

15,  0 

7  / 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 


00,  18,  00 

|  05,  05,  00 
32,  11,  00 


28,  2,  0 


(32,  11,  0) 


196 


king  philip’s  war. 


Ammunition  Id’  viz .  103,  08,  10 

To  the  officers  a  bagg  with  35lbs  powder  2,  14,  0 

Ditto  to  Benjamin  Church  with  18lbs  and  50  bullets  2,  13,  6 
To  the  Gen11  1  cask  bullets  qr  lIb  or  better  2,  16,  0 

To  Mr.  James  Brown  5£  bbl  powder  at  7lb  pr  bbl.  38,  10,  0 
Ditto  9  cask  &  1  chest  bullets  qr.  llIb  25,  13,  4 
More  dd’.  by  the  Commissaries  480  flints  0,  10,  0 

124  bullets  2,  12,  0 


8  half  barrells  of  powder  of  the  Mattachusetts  4 

detained  by  the  Governor  of  Rhoad  Island  >  28,  0,  0 
for  4  barrells  lent  to  Plimouth  ) - 


Tobacco,  for  15lb  to  Nathaniel  Gunny 
Tooles,  dd’  to  the  officers  viz  3  spades 

2  Mattucks 
4  Axes 

Biskett  dd’  viz.  To  the  Officers  150  cakes 
To  Mr.  James  Brown  9  hhds. 

To  Gena11  Cud  worth  3£  hhds. 
Grocery  for  26lb  Raisons  solis  to  ditto  Brown 
Fish  for  1  hhd.  ditto  .... 
Porke  ditto  for  5  bb1  at  4Ib  pr  bb1  . 

2  bb1  ditt 

Miscellanies,  for  severalls  viz 

To  Benjamin  Church  1  hhd  biscake 

2  bb1  porke 
2  bsh.  pease  &  1  sack 
20lb  tobacoe 

To  Capt.  Goram  lllbd  biskett  &  pease 

wanting  200  cakes 
llb  raisons  solis 
4  large  peeces  of  porke 
To  Gena11  Cudworth  1  kittle 
To  ditto  Church  1  jarr  oyle 
2  galls  wine 
10lb  raisons  solis 
To  L‘  Tanner  lbbl  pease 
(4?)bbl  biscake 
fbbl  porke 

To  John  Cobleigh  for  ditt.  Ch(urch)  ? 
lbbl  salt 

At  Narragansett  2  qire  p(aper) 


(103, 

00 

o 

10) 

• 

• 

0, 

07, 

06 

o, 

10, 

o'; 

1 

1, 

14, 

0 

-  02, 

o 

GO 

00 

1, 

04, 

oj 

0, 

14, 

0) 

1 

31, 

10, 

0 

*  44, 

04, 

00 

12, 

00, 

oj 

• 

• 

01, 

06, 

00 

• 

• 

• 

04, 

00, 

00 

20, 

8, 

00, 

00, 

00  ] 
00  J 

[  28, 

rv 

o 

o 

00 

• 

• 

• 

24, 

19, 

06 

}n, 

10, 

00 

}  01, 

02, 

00 

CO 

o 

17, 

06 

) 

01, 

\ 

10, 

00 

1 01, 

03, 

00 

r  04, 

00, 

00 

} 

16, 

00 

o, 

01, 

00 

(24,  19,  06) 


Billetings,  for  quartering  12  souldiers  at  Mr  Miles  hous  ) 
Alsoe  Gena11  Cudworth’s  and  Capt  Bradfords  Companies  I 
the  17th  18th  &  19th  dayes  of  July  with  bread,  pease,  j 
pork  tobaco  and  liqors  J 

Pease  viz 

To  dit.  Browne  3““*  with  Cask  9,  00,  00  ) 

To  dit.  Cudworth  §hbd  1,  15,  00  j 

Cask  for  O’1113  to  ditto  Browne  ..... 


10,  00,  00 


10,  15,  00 
2,  01,  00 


“  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  NAVY.” 


197 


Maritim — disbursements  viz . 

for  the  frait  of  4hhd  bisket  and  2bbl  of  tobaco  j  ^  qq  qq 
at  guess  )  ’  ’ 

Ditto  to  £  p*  of  the  hire  of  Yessells  10,  00,  00 

Salt  dd’.  viz 

To  Ditto  Browne  lbhd  qr.  12bBh  &  Cash  2,  00,  00  ) 

By  Ditto  Commissaries  1£  bsh  0,  06,  00  ) 

Thomas  Terry  for  firkins  of  sope  1 

lbsh  meale,  10  wooden  boules  and  1  cann  j 

(285,  14,  10) 


00 


11,  00,  00 


02,  06,  00 
02,  05,  00 


June  24th  1676. 

Plymouth  Colony  Cr  By  Viz. 

Ammunission  for  powder  &  ball  returned  )  .  1  „ 

as  p  No  3185  j 

Biskett  dit.  22,  00,  00 

Graine  for  pease  dit.  03,  00,  00  _ 

By  Disbursements  for  Ballance  as  p  bond  11535  10*544  215,  16,  06 


69,  18,  04 


The  account  is  thus  carried  to  a  later  Ledger,  which  is  lost. 


MARITIME  DEPARTMENT. 

The  following  may  show  somewhat  of  the  naval  ”  power  of 
that  day,  and  the  methods  and  means  of  transporting  supplies. 

1675  Maritime  Disbursements  Dr. 

Nov  20  To  Peter  Treby  for  frait  of  the  Sloope  Primrose  £09,  06,  00 


Dec  10  To  Israel  Nichols  for  wood  for  Goodall’s  Vessel  00,  05,  00 
“  “  To  Stephen  Hascott  for  dammage  of  the  Sloope  Swan  03,  10,  00 


Feby  29  To 

Anthony  Low  for  frait 

• 

• 

• 

• 

05,  00,  00 

1676 

June  24 

cc 

Richard  Goodall  for  frait 

# 

22,  00  00 

CC 

cc 

Nehemiah  Goodall  for  Sendee 

05,  10’  00 

CC 

cc 

Pilgrim  Simpkin  ‘  ‘ 

CC 

02,  08’  00 

ct 

cc 

James  Twisdell  “ 

CC 

02,  08>  00 

ct 

cc 

Richard  Earle  “ 

cc 

02,  08,  00 

ct 

cc 

Ezekiel  Gardner  “ 

cc 

02,  02,  00 

ct 

cc 

William  Woodbery  “ 

cc 

05,  10,  00 

ct 

cc 

Anthony  Haywood  ‘ 4 

cc 

04,  00,  00 

ct 

tt 

Thomas  Moore  44 

cc 

10,  00,  00 

cc 

cc 

John  Baker  44 

cc 

02,  08,  00 

Andrew  Belcher,  of  Cambridge,  a  prominent  merchant,  with 
vessels  operating  between  Boston  and  Connecticut  ports,  was 
active  in  these  affairs,  but  his  accounts  doubtless  fall  into  a 
later  Ledger. 

In  the  State  Archives,  in  some  Bills  of  Benjamin  Gillam  against 
the  colony,  I  find  the  item,  Jan’y  10,  1675  : 

To  charges  on  men  to  cut  out  Andrew  Belcher’s  Sloop  to  go  to  Nar- 
ragansett,  14s. 


198 


king  philip’s  war. 


Mr.  Church  speaks  of  the  arrival  of  Andrew  Belcher  as  oppor¬ 
tune  in  saving  the  army ;  Mr.  Dudley  says  Goodale.  Mr.  Hub¬ 
bard’s  reference  to  the  vessels  “  frozen  in  at  Cape  Cod,”  causing 
distress,  was,  I  think,  to  a  later  time. 

After  the  return  of  the  army  to  Mr.  Smith’s  Garrison,  the 
burial  of  the  dead  and  removal  of  their  wounded  to  Rhode 
Island,  they  spent  several  weeks  parleying  with  the  enemy,  watch¬ 
ing  and  recruiting.  Major  Treat  withdrew  with  his  Connecticut 
forces,  against  the  wishes,  it  appears,  of  the  General  and  the 
other  officers,  and  was  later  called  to  account  for  insubordination. 
Additional  troops  were  sent  down  from  Boston,  and  Massachu¬ 
setts  and  Plymouth  held  the  field  for  a  month  longer ;  but  their 
operations  and  the  closing  part  of  this  winter  campaign,  and  the 
new  forces  engaged,  must  fall  into  the  next  chapter. 

Massachusetts  afterwards  redeemed  the  promise  made  to  the 
soldiers  at  Dedham  Plain,  and  granted  to  eight  hundred  and 
forty  claimants,  including  those  of  Plymouth,  the  seven  Nar- 
raganset  townships.  Connecticut  to  her  volunteers  in  the  Narra- 
ganset  wars  granted  the  township  of  Voluntown. 


XIV. 


CLOSE  OF  THE  NARRAGANSET  CAMPAIGN;  THE 

“  HUNGRY  MARCH.” 


AFTER  the  battle  at  the  Narraganset  Fort,  several  weeks  of 
partial  inactivity  ensued,  while  both  the  English  and  the 
Indians  were  seeking  to  recover  somewhat  from  the  severe 
blow  each  had  received.  The  forces  of  Massachusetts  and  Ply¬ 
mouth  remained  at  Smith’s  garrison  at  Narraganset,  while  Major 
Treat  with  the  Connecticut  regiment  returned  to  Stonington  about 
December  28th.  In  the  treasurer’s  account  with  Connecticut 
colony  there  is  a  charge  “  For  billiting  40  wounded  men  7  days,” 
and  as  there  is  no  other  occasion  on  which  so  many  were  wounded, 
it  is  fair  to  assume  that  the  Connecticut  forces  did  not  retire 
before  the  28th. 

On  January  14th  the  Council  of  Connecticut  issued  orders  to 
Mr.  John  Brackett  of  Wallingford,  and  Serg‘.  William  Ward, 
“  to  go  to  New  London,  to  care  for  the  wounded  there,  while  Mr. 
Buckley  goeth  forth  with  the  army.”  So  it  would  seem  that 
many  of  their  wounded  had  been  carried  as  far  as  New  London. 

From  various  sources,  the  accounts  of  the  most  reliable  histo¬ 
rians  of  the  time,  from  contemporary  letters  and  notices,  we  are 
able  to  glean  some  few  items  indicating  the  situation  of  affairs 
at  the  seat  of  war. 

The  Indians  were  greatly  demoralized  and  evidently  very  solic¬ 
itous  as  to  the  immediate  future  action  of  our  army,  as  they  sent 
in  a  delegation  to  the  General  on  Thursday,  December  23d,  four 
days  after  the  fight,  ostensibly  to  negotiate  in  regard  to  peace,  but 
in  reality,  doubtless,  to  ascertain  the  strength  and  intentions  of 
the  English.  Some  of  the  Indians  had  returned  to  their  fort 
upon  the  retreat  of  the  troops,  and  it  is  likely  were  able  to  rescue 
a  part  of  their  provisions  from  the  flames,  but  the  main  body  was 
gathered  into  a  swamp  some  three  miles  distant,  while  those  who 
had  joined  the  Narragansets  from  neighboring  tribes  returned 
home.  Mr.  Dudley  wrote  that  Philip  was  seen  by  one  of  ours 
with  a  strong  body  guard  during  or  after  the  battle.  If  so  he 
must  have  made  a  rapid  march  between  that  and  January  6th, 


200 


king  philip’s  war. 


upon  which  date  Governor  Andros,  of  the  New  York  Colony, 
writes  to  the  Connecticut  Governor : 

This  is  to  acquaint  you  that  late  last  night  I  had  intelligence  that 
Philip  &  4  or  500  North  Indians  fighting  men,  were  come  within  40  or 
50  miles  of  Albany  northerly,  where  they  talk  of  continuing  this  winter ; 
that  Phi:  is  sick,  and  one  Sahamoshuha  the  Comander  in  chief.  Where¬ 
upon  I  have  despatched  orders  theither. 

I  have  found  no  reliable  proof  that  Philip  or  his  Wampanoag 
warriors,  as  a  body,  had  any  part  in  the  Narraganset  fight,  while 
there  is  some  direct  testimony  that  they  did  not.  Indian  captives 
refer  the  command  of  the  Indians  to  other  chiefs,  and  a  contem¬ 
porary  writer  in  the  series  of  letters  published  in  London  under 
the  title,  “  Present  State  of  New  England,  with  respect  to  the 
Indian  War,”  says  positively,  “  King  Philip  hath  not  yet  been  at 
Narraganset,  as  we  feared,  but  is  retired  with  his  Men  near 
Albany  where  he  hath  kept  his  Winter  Quarters.”  This  place  is 
since  known  as  Scattacook,  and  is  situated  in  Rensselaer  County, 
about  twenty  miles  north  of  Albany. 

The  great  snow-storm  that  began  at  the  time  of  the  battle  and 
lasted  for  several  days  rendered  any  movement  of  the  infantry 
impossible,  even  if  they  had  been  in  condition ;  and  then  suddenly 
there  came  a  great  mid-winter  thaw,  which  further  prevented  their 
motion.  Capt.  Prentice’s  troop  kept  scouting  and  watching  to 
guard  against  surprise,  and  to  gather  in  whatever  was  possible  of 
their  enemy’s  supplies  of  corn,  of  which  they  obtained  quantities, 
but  the  provisioning  of  this  large  body  of  men  had  to  be  done 
chiefly  by  vessels  sent  from  Boston,  and  by  some,  at  this  time, 
gathering  corn  along  the  port  towns  of  Connecticut,  as  we  learn 
from  their  archives  and  from  other  sources. 

On  the  27th  of  December  Capt.  Prentice  with  his  troop  made  a 
march  into  Pomham’s  country  (now  Warwick)  and  destroyed  near 
a  hundred  wigwams.  December  28th,  a  squaw  captured  at  the 
fort  was  sent  to  the  Indians  with  an  offer  of  peace,  if  they  would 
agree  to  the  terms  of  the  former  treaty,  and  such  other  conditions 
as  the  English  might  impose,  and  give  up  all  “  Philip’s  Indians.” 
The  squaw  did  not  return,  but  on  December  30th  a  message  came 
from  the  sachems  proffering  their  thanks  for  the  offer,  but  com¬ 
plained  that  the  English  made  war  upon  them  without  notice. 
This  Indian  owned,  as  did  the  squaw,  that  the  Indians  lost  three 
hundred  of  their  best  fighting  men.  January  4th,  two  prisoners 
were  taken,  of  whom  one,  being  a  Wampanoag,  was  put  to  death. 
January  5th,  the  Indians  sent  in  a  captive  child,  three  or  four  years 
of  age,  belonging  at  Warwick.  On  the  7th,  messengers  came 
from  them  laying  the  blame  upon  Canonchet,  who  when  he  had 
visited  Boston  and  made  his  treaty  with  the  English,  had  returned 
and  deceived  his  people  as  to  the  terms  ;  but  all  these  overtures 


RECRUITING  AFTER  THE  BATTLE. 


201 


were  evidently  practised  to  gain  time  and  take  the  attention  of  the 
English  from  the  real  movements  of  the  Indians  while  they  were 
making  ready  for  their  flight  to  the  north-west.  On  the  8th  these 
were  sent  back  with  positive  instructions  as  to  terms  of  peace. 
On  the  same  day  Ninigret,  sachem  of  the  Niantics,  sent  in  decla¬ 
ration  and  evidence  of  the  reality  of  his  friendship  and  of  the 
dire  straits  to  which  the  hostile  Indians  were  reduced.  In  the 
meantime  the  Commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies  were  making 
every  exertion  to  put  a  fresh  army  into  the  field.  As  early  as 
December  25th  it  had  been  voted  to  raise  one  thousand  men  to 
recruit  the  army  in  the  field,  and  the  first  of  these  were  sent  out 
about  Jan.  6th  1  under  Capt.  Samuel  Brocklebank  of  Rowley  (I 
think).  The  weather  was  extremely  cold,  and  they  suffered 
severely  on  the  march,  part  of  the  way  through  a  fierce  snow¬ 
storm  “  that  bit  some  of  them  by  the  heels  with  the  frost,”  accord¬ 
ing  to  Mr.  Hubbard.  The  writer  of  “  The  Present  State  of  New 
England,”  the  letters  above  mentioned,  says  that  eleven  of  the 
men  were  “  frozen  to  death,  and  many  others  were  sick  and  dis¬ 
heartened.”  January  10th,  these  recruits  arrived  at  headquarters 
and  were  joyfully  received. 

An  order  of  the  Council  of  Massachusetts,  given  January  14th, 
directs  Major  Gookin  “  to  order  the  Eastern  Souldiers  with  Horse 
and  Foot,  as  soon  as  they  come  to  Cambridge,  to  march  to  the 
army  and  to  put  them  under  such  conduct  as  he  sees  right,  until 
they  get  to  Narraganset  to  Major  Appleton,  sending  away  with 
them  the  Armorer  that  is  there  already.”  On  Jan.  17th  the 
Council  ordered  the  Committee  of  the  Army  to  “  forthwith  fur¬ 
nish  James  Foord  of  Ipswich,  a  Souldjer  under  Capt.  Brockle¬ 
bank,  now  going  up  under  Lieut.  Swett  to  Narraganset,  with  one 
pr.  of  good  shoos  and  on  good  Coate  and  place  it  to  his  acco‘.” 
Ephraim  Sawyer  and  Walter  Davis,  also,  “  now  going  forth  to  ye 
Narraganset,”  were  furnished  with  apparel.  These  referred  to  in 
the  above  orders  were  a  second  body  of  recruits  that  were  sent 
by  the  Massachusetts  Council ;  the  Commissioners  having  voted, 
on  January  6th,  that  the  colonies  should  have  recruits  at  head¬ 
quarters  at  Smith’s  Garrison  on  or  before  January  20th. 

January  12th,  a  proposition  came  from  the  sachems  for  a  cessa¬ 
tion  of  hostilities  for  a  month,  which  so  stirred  General  Winslow’s 
indignation  and  convinced  him  of  their  treachery,  that  he  deter¬ 
mined  on  a  forward  move  at  once,  but  still  he  felt  his  force  to  be 
too  weak  in  the  absence  of  the  promised  troops  of  Connecticut. 
He  fears  the  foe  is  escaping,  and  sends  frequent  messages  to  the 
Commissioners  and  to  Major  Treat  and  the  Connecticut  Council, 
to  hurry  up  their  preparations. 

The  Connecticut  Colony  meanwhile  was  making  every 

1  Capt.  Brocklebank  and  the  main  part  of  his  company  probably  entered  the  service  January  1st, 
but  did  not  march  to  the  seat  of  war  until  other  recruits  were  ready.  January  18th,  Capt.  Daniel 
Fisher,  of  Dedham,  has  an  order  from  the  Council  to  send  all  “  Horse  and  foote  ”  that  come  into 
Dedham  under  Lieut.  Benja.  Swett,  “  away  to  ye  Enemy;  ”  and  the  order  shows  Dedham  to  be  the 
common  rendezvous  of  the  four  counties. 


202 


king  philip’s  war. 


endeavor,  the  while  however  being  somewhat  impatient  of  the 
urgency  of  the  General,  feeling  that  their  own  borders  were  threat¬ 
ened  by  the  Indians  quite  as  much  as  the  other  colonies.  Their 
archives  afford  ample  proof  of  the  thorough  and  energetic  man¬ 
ner  of  their  preparation.  Major  Treat’s  reorganized  army  ren¬ 
dezvoused  at  New  London.  From  all  the  settlements  recruits  and 
arms  and  supplies  were  gathered  as  speedily  as  possible,  and  yet 
it  was  not  until  the  26th  of  January  that  their  troops  started  for 
the  field.  The  following  extract  relating  to  the  occasion  is  from 
a  “  Letter  of  Major  Palmer  of  New  London  to  the  Governor  and 
Council  of  Connecticut.” 

New  London  ye  26th  Janua:  1675-6 

I  having  this  opportunity  by  Mr.  Plom.  could  not  omitt  acquainting 
you  of  Majr  Treat’s  departure  this  day,  with  all  his  forces,  who  is 
accompanied  with  Mr  Fitch,  Mr  Buckley  &  Mr.  Wise.  They  expected 
to  reach  Badcock’s  this  night  and  so  get  to  Mr.  Smith’s  tomorrow : 
For  Major  Treate  hath  had  two  late  ord™  from  the  Generali  one  reced 
on  Lord’s  day,  the  other  this  morning,  to  hasten  his  coming ;  the 
Indyans  being  seated  8  or  10  miles  northwest  of  Providence,  and 
about  25  miles  from  Mr.  Smith’s.  The  information  was  gayned  by 
two  Indyans  taken  by  a  party  of  Capt  Prentis’  troope,  which  killed 
nyne  more  one  escaped  there  being  12  in  that  party. 

The  Barke  with  the  Provitions  went  out  last  night  and  hath  had  a 
fayre  wind  to  carry  her  in  today.  They  have  added  tenn  barrels  of 
meate  to  the  twenty  you  ordered  from  Milford :  weich  doth  afflict  our 
people  more  than  the  trouble  of  quartering  both  well  and  wounded 
men,  which  have  so  impoverished  them  that  sundry  will  much  suffer, 
without  ye  speedy  supply  of  corne  for  their  releife.  ... 

In  the  margin  of  this  letter  is  added  the  item, 

Unkas  has  gone  forth  in  person. 

It  will  be  seen  by  the  letter  that  the  march  from  headquarters 
was  begun  on  the  26th  of  January.  James  Babcock’s  place  -was 
in  what  is  now  Westerly,  R.I.  By  good  marching  they  could 
have  reached  Smith’s  Garrison  and  joined  the  main  army  on  the 
evening  of  the  27th;  and  thus  January  28th  must  be  the  earliest 
date  at  which  we  can  place  the  general  forward  movement  of  the 
whole  army.  The  Council  orders  and  references  and  letters  in 
the  Connecticut  Colonial  Records  serve  to  confirm  the  account  of 
Mr.  Hubbard,  although  derived  from  independent  sources,  and  as 
they  give  very  few  items  besides,  it  seems  evident  that  we  have 
all  of  importance  that  happened.  On  January  23d  Major  Treat 
wrote  to  the  Connecticut  Council,  quoting  a  letter  from  General 
Winslow,  which  he  says  he  has  lost,  but  which  contained  nothing 
of  importance  except  to  hasten  their  coming  and  “  grateing  on 
our  disorderly  retreat,”  and  the  good  news  of  the  taking  of 
Joshua  Tift  by  Capt.  Fenner,  of  Providence.  From  some  Indian 


JOSHUA  TIFT’S  TESTIMONY. 


203 


prisoners  which  the  Connecticut  scouts  had  taken,  it  was  found 
that  the  Narragansets  were  lying  in  small  parties  along  the  way 
leading  into  the  Nipmuck  country,  and  with  scouting  parties  so 
posted  that  our  army  could  not  surprise  their  main  body. 

From  a  letter  of  Roger  Williams  to  Governor  Leverett,  dated 
Providence,  14  January,  1675,  and  published  in  the  “  Winthrop 
Papers,”  vol.  36,  p.  307,  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  Society,  we  learn  much 
about  this  Joshua  Tift,  different  from  the  accounts  of  contempo¬ 
rary  historians.  Mr.  Williams  was  called  upon  to  take  down  the 
examination  of  Joshua  Tift,  and  afterwards  reports  the  answers 
to  the  Governor. 

Being  questioned  by  Capt.  Fenner,  who  had  captured  him, 
Tift  answered  that  he  had  been  with  the  Narragansets  about 
twenty-seven  days ;  that  he  was  captured  by  Canonchet  and 
his  property  destroyed,  but  his  life  saved  on  condition  that  he 
would  become  the  slave  of  Canonchet ;  he  accepted  the  con¬ 
ditions,  and  was  taken  to  their  fort  and  there  compelled  to 
work  for  the  Indians.  He  testifies  that  the  Mohegans  and 
Pequots  with  our  troops  made  terms  with  the  Narragansets  at  the 
beginning,  and  shot  over  their  heads.  After  the  English  entered 
the  fort,  Canonchet  and  other  sachems  fled  and  halted  beside  a 
spruce  s  wamp  after  crossing  a  plain.  When  night  came  the  word 
was  brought  to  the  chiefs  of  the  English  retreat,  and  they  sent 
back  to  the  fort  to  ascertain  their  losses,  and  found  ninety-seven 
dead  and  forty-eight  wounded,  and  five  or  six  bodies  of  the 
English.  He  said  that  the  Narragansets’  powder  was  mostly 
gone,  but  that  Philip  had  sent  word  that  he  will  furnish  them 
enough  from  the  French,  who  have  sent  Philip  a  present,  “a 
brass  gun  and  bandaliers  sutable.”  The  sachems  are  now  about 
ten  miles  northwest  from  Mr.  Smith’s  ;  speaks  of  the  squaw  that 
was  sent  by  the  English,  but  that  the  sachems  believed  that  the 
proposals  of  the  English  were  merely  a  trap  to  catch  them.  Ca- 
nonicus  was  for  peace,  and  would  not  consent  to  lie  to  the  English ; 
but  his  nephew,  the  young  sachem  Canonchet  (or  Nanunteno) 
was  fierce  for  war,  and  the  young  warriors  were  with  him,  so  that 
it  was  impossible  to  curb  them.  He  speaks  of  Quaquackis  as 
Canonchet’s  chief  captain,  “  a  midling  thick-set  man  of  a  very  stout 
fierce  countenance.”  “  He  saith  that  Philip  is  about  Quawpaug, 
amongst  a  great  many  rocks  by  a  Swampeside ;  that  the  Nahi- 
gonsiks  have  bene  these  3  days  on  their  march  &  flight  to  Philip, 
that  he  knows  not  what  number  Philip  hath  with  him,  &  that 
this  day  the  last  and  rear  of  the  company  departed,  that  they 
heard  that  the  Gen:  was  pursueing  after  them,  &  therefore  several 
parties,  to  the  number  of  400  were  ordered  to  lie  in  ambuscadoes, 
that  several  parties  were  left  behind  to  get  and  drive  cattell.” 
He  also  testified  that  Ninigret’s  men  fought  the  English  in  the 
fort,  and  that  some  of  the  Mohegans  have  joined  the  Narra¬ 
gansets. 


204 


king  philip’s  war. 


At  last,  the  army,  being  in  readiness,  began  the  pursuit  of  the 
Indians  towards  the  Nipmuck  country,  in  the  somewhat  famous 
march  known  to  the  succeeding  generations  as  the  “Long 
March,”  or  the  “  Hungry  March,”  but  of  the  details  of  which  we 
have  very  meagre  accounts. 

Mr.  Hubbard  relates  that  on  January  21st  Capt.  Prentice  sur¬ 
prised  a  party  of  the  Indians,  killed  nine  and  captured  two,  and 
within  two  or  three  days,  the  weather  changing,  our  forces  were 
very  anxious  to  take  the  field,  hearing,  as  they  did,  that  the 
Indians  were  in  full  flight.  “  But  so  many  difficulties  were  cast 
in  the  way  that  they  could  not  be  ready  in  time  to  prevent  the 
mischief  the  Indians  did  at  Warwick.  For,  January  27,  they 
despoiled  Mr.  Carpenter  of  two  hundred  sheep,  fifty  head  of  neat 
cattle  and  fifteen  horses,  drove  them  all  away  safely  and  escaped 
before  our  forces  set  out.”  They  wounded  two  of  Mr.  Car¬ 
penter’s  people,  and  one  of  theirs  was  slain. 

They  also  drove  away  cattle  from  a  Mr.  Harris,  and  killed  a 
negro  servant  of  his.  Mr.  Church  was  at  Rhode  Island,  wounded, 
and  his  son  made  the  mistake,  in  publishing  his  story,  of  making 
his  stay  there  three  months  instead  of  three  weeks.  When  he 
was  partly  recovered  from  his  wound,  he  went  over  to  take  leave 
of  General  Winslow,  but  was  induced  by  him  to  go  with  the  army, 
then  about  to  march  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy.  He  relates  a  battle 
at  an  “  Indian  town  of  many  wigwams,”  which  was  surrounded 
by  an  “  icy  swamp,”  and  when  the  English  succeeded  in  passing 
over  this,  “  after  much  firing,”  the  enemy  made  good  their  retreat. 
It  is  evident  that  the  Mohegans  did  most  of  the  effective  fighting 
here ;  and  very  little  execution  was  done  besides  in  the  pursuit, 
except  that  by  Capt.  Fenner’s  party  from  Providence. 

It  seems  to  have  been  the  popular  idea  that  the  army  of  the 
united  colonies,  after  the  junction  of  the  Connecticut  troops, 
numbered  about  sixteen  hundred,  horse  and  foot.  I  have  not 
been  able  to  find  any  definite  official  statement,  but  as  nearly  as 
can  be  determined  from  available  data,  Massachusetts  sent  out 
about  three  hundred  fresh  troops  in  J anuary ;  Connecticut,  includ¬ 
ing  her  veterans  and  Indian  allies,  about  five  hundred ;  and 
Plymouth  probably  about  one  hundred.  With  allowance  for  the 
dead,  wounded  and  disabled  of  Massachusetts  and  Plymouth, 
about  two  hundred  ;  sixty  left  in  garrison  at  Wickford,  and  there 
would  be,  at  a  rough  estimate,  fourteen  hundred  serviceable  men 
at  Narraganset  on  January  28. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  Tift’s  evidence  is  that  Philip  is  “  about 
Quawpaug  amongst  a  great  many  rocks  by  a  Swampeside,”  and 
this  may  be  taken  as  the  supposed  objective  point  or  rendezvous 
of  the  Indians.  The  rear  guard  of  the  Indians  were,  at  the  date 
of  his  trial,  or  when  he  was  captured,  prowling  about  the  settle¬ 
ments  at  Patuxit  and  Providence  for  an  opportunity  to  drive  off 
cattle,  which  purpose  they  succeeded  in  carrying  out,  some  days 


THE  HUNGRY  MARCH. 


205 


u 


later,  when  the  witness,  who  in  this  matter  at  least  had  given 
true  testimony,  had  been  “  hung  and  quartered.”  The  route  of 
the  main  body  of  the  Indians  was  in  a  northwest  direction  towards 
Quaboag,  probably  though  the  Wabbequasset  country  (now  Wood- 
stock)  to  the  old  Quaboag  fort.  Capt.  Henchman,  in  the  Mount 
Hope  campaign,  August,  1675,  had  marched  into  the  Nipmuck 
country  as  far  as  the  “second  fort,”  at  a  place  called “  Waposo- 
shequish”  (probably  Wabbaquasset),  and  then  turned  aside  and 
marched  to  Mendon.  In  a  direct  line  Woodstock  is  about  forty 
miles  from  Wickford;  by  the  regular  trail  it  was  doubtless 
much  farther.  In  midwinter,  with  their  scant  knowledge  of  the 
country,  with  swollen  streams  to  cross,  an  alert  foe  forever  van¬ 
ishing  into  the  great  wilderness,  and  eluding  attack  or  luring  to 
ambuscade,  with  provisions  which  the  long  waiting  for  Connecti¬ 
cut  had  served  to  reduce,  their  march  was  a  hazardous  undertak¬ 
ing,  and  probably  was  inspired  by  the  hope  of  striking  a  final  blow 
against  their  enemies,  already  reduced  to  great  straits  for  pro¬ 
visions,  arms  and  ammunition.  They  found  “  more  than  sixty 
horses’  heads  ”  at  one  place,  probably  at  the  late  rendezvous  of 
the  Indians,  “  25  miles  north  of  Mr.  Smith’s  and  10  miles  north 
of  Providence.” 

Finding  his  provisions  growing  short,  and  his  men  worn  with 
their  long  march  and  severe  exposure,  and  seeing  no  prospect  of 
bringing  the  enemy  to  a  battle,  General  Winslow  determined  to 
abandon  the  pursuit,  when  the  Indians  betook  themselves  to  the 
wilderness  beyond  Quaboag.  I  think  the  march  commenced  from 
Wickford  on  January  28,  and  it  was  probably  on  February  2d  or 
3d  that  the  skirmish  took  place.  It  seems  that  the  Connecticut 
and  Indian  forces  were  dismissed  as  early  as  February  3d,  as  they 
arrived  home  on  the  5th,  while  the  cavalry  of  Massachusetts  and 
Plymouth  reached  Boston  on  the  same  day,  the  infantry  remaining 
over  at  Marlborough,  but  a  part  of  them  marching  down  to  Bos¬ 
ton  the  next  day.  They  were  reduced  to  such  straits  that  they 
killed  and  ate  many  of  their  horses,  and  the  march  was  thence 
called  by  the  people  “  the  Hungry  March.” 


XV. 


CAPT.  SAMUEL  BROCKLEBANK’S  COMPANY  AND 
MARLBOROUGH  GARRISON. 


SAMUEL  BROCKLEBANK,  of  Rowley,  is  said  to  have  been 
born  in  England  about  1630,  and  to  have  come  to  this 
country  with  his  mother  Jane,  a  widow,  and  his  brother 
John.  Samuel  Brocklebank  and  his  wife  Hannah  had  children  — 
Samuel,  born  1653  ;  Francis,  born  1655  ;  Hannah,  Mary,  Elizabeth, 
Sarah,  and  Joseph  who  was  born  in  1674.  He  was  appointed 
deacon  of  the  first  church  in  Rowley  in  1665.  Elected  captain 
of  the  Foot  Company  of  Rowley  in  1673.  Was  active  in  recruit¬ 
ing  for  the  Narraganset  campaign,  and  after  the  fort  fight,  on 
the  second  call  for  recruits,  went  out  with  a  company  about  Jan¬ 
uary  1st,  as  I  judge  from  his  credits,  and  those  corresponding  credits 
of  his  men,  which  according  to  my  best  estimates  were  for  five 
weeks,  up  to  February  5th,  when  they  returned  to  Boston,  and 
reckoned  from  the  time  they  left  Rowley.  These  are  only  infer¬ 
ences,  however,  drawn  from  the  Journal  and  various  casual  ref¬ 
erences,  and  I  have  yet  found  no  direct  statement  as  to  the  officers 
and  men  who  went  out  to  Narraganset  at  the  second  call,  and 
I  have  not  found  any  mention  of  Capt.  Brocklebank  or  other 
officers  whom  I  shall  credit  with  such  service.  After  the  return 
to  Boston,  Capt.  Brocklebank,  with  his  company,  within  one  week 
was  called  to  Marlborough,  where  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  garrisons  and  military  operations,  and  remained  until  April 
21st,  when  he  marched  to  Sudbury,  with  Capt.  Wadsworth  and 
his  company,  where  they  were  ambushed  by  the  Indians,  and 
both  captains,  with  most  of  their  men,  were  slain.  The  account 
of  this  battle  is  in  the  Capt.  Wadsworth  chapter,  as  he  was  in 
command. 

After  the  death  of  Capt.  Brocklebank,  his  widow  married 
Richard  Dole,  of  Newbury.  His  descendants  of  the  name  are 
quite  numerous  by  his  son  Samuel  and  Elizabeth  Platts  his  wife  ; 
by  his  daughters  Mary  and  Sarah,  who  married  William  and 
Henry,  sons  of  Richard  Dole ;  and  by  his  daughter  Hannah,  who 
married  John  Stickney. 

Soldiers  credited  under  Capt.  Samuel  Brocklebank  : 
February  29th  1675-6  Rowland  Ravensbee  01  07  04 

Samuel  Mower  01  08  04  John  Abbott  01  10  00 

Joseph  Parker  01  10  00 


CAPT. 

brocklebank’s  company. 

207 

March  24th  1675 

-6 

Simon  Groe 

03 

09 

04 

Thomas  Stamford 

01 

10 

00 

Nicholas  Richardson 

03 

09 

04 

John  Wilson 

01 

10 

00 

Robert  Rand 

01 

10 

00 

Philip  Butler 

02 

01 

00 

Richard  Haven 

01 

10 

00 

John  Linsy 

01 

10 

00 

James  Day 

01 

17 

08 

John  Humkins 

02 

02 

00 

Daniel  Hutchins 

03 

10 

00 

SamuelBrocklebankCapt.07 

10 

00 

SamuelBrocklebankCapt.  14 

11 

00 

John  Hobson 

01 

10 

00 

July  24th  1676 

John  Woodin 

01 

16 

00 

John  Brown 

02 

08 

00 

Benjamin  Peirson 

01 

10 

08 

Nathaniel  Stephens 

02 

09 

06 

Daniel  Tenny 

01 

10 

00 

Zechariah  Ayres 

01 

10 

00 

John  Jackson 

01 

10 

00 

Richard  Bryan 

08 

11 

00 

John  Wood 

01 

10 

00 

Thomas  Kemball 

02 

08 

00 

April  24th  1676 

Philip  Kertland 

01 

12 

06 

James  Ford 

01 

15 

00 

John  Stanwood 

01 

02 

00 

John  Giddings 

03 

00 

00 

Philip  Stanwood 

03 

08 

06 

Peter  Jennings 

01 

15 

00 

Robert  Pease 

03 

12 

00 

John  Pollard 

01 

10 

10 

Thomas  Baker 

05 

09 

06 

June  24,  1676 

Benjamin  Jones 

01 

16 

00 

Richard  Potter 

02 

02 

00 

Joseph  Fellows 

01 

17 

00 

Peter  Jennings 

04 

16 

00 

John  Lynd 

05 

09 

06 

John  Lovejoy 

01 

10 

00 

Joshuah  Boynton 

05 

10 

04 

Jonathan  Emery 

03 

12 

00 

August  24th  1676. 

Josiah  Clark 

06 

06 

00 

Jonathan  Fan  tom 

05 

10 

12 

Henry  Cooke 

00 

10 

00 

Peter  Chever 

03 

04 

00 

Samuel  Ireson 

04 

04 

00 

Samuel  Perkins 

03 

18 

00 

Simon  Adams 

04 

11 

08 

Richard  Jacob 

14 

15 

10 

Moses  Bennett 

03 

18 

10 

Sept  23d  1676 

John  Burrell 

03 

06 

00 

Richard  Prince 

02 

11 

04 

Thomas  Brown 

04 

03 

00 

Samuel  Peirce 

00 

18 

00 

John  Wood 

03 

19 

08 

James  Chafe 

01 

12 

06 

Francis  Gefford 

03 

18 

00 

Edward  Sewery 

02 

02 

00 

Nath.  Pease 

05 

08 

00 

Michael  Derick 

10 

00  00 

Samuel  Hills 

02 

16 

00 

Capt.  Brocklebank  wrote  from  Marlborough  to  Gen.  Denison, 
March  27,  1676,  asking  that  he  and  his  company  may  be  relieved 
to  go  home,  giving  his  reason  that  they  had  been  in  the  country’s 
service  “since  the  first  of  January  at  Narraganset,  and  within  one 
week  after  their  returne  were  sent  out  again,  having  neither  time 
nor  money  (save  a  fortnight’s  pay  upon  the  march)  to  recruite 
themselves.” 

THE  GARRISON  AT  MARLBOROUGH. 

Okkokonimesit  was  what  Major  Daniel  Gookin  called,  and 
Ognonikongquamesit  was  the  name  by  which  Mr.  Eliot  knew, 
the  “  Praying  Indian  Village,”  situated  within  the  limits  of  what 
became  the  town  of  Marlborough.  The  first  English  settlers 
went  from  the  parent  plantation  of  Sudbury.  The  Court’s  grant 
to  the  Indians  through  Mr.  Eliot,  in  1654,  being  prior  to  that 


208 


king  philip’s  war. 

made  to  the  English,  the  latter  found  to  their  disappointment 
that  this  Indian  reserve,  right  in  the  midst  of  their  own  grant, 
must  be  respected  by  them  if  they  wished  to  retain  their  own  rights ; 
for  it  is  to  the  credit  of  the  Massachusetts  Council,  that  its  tnem- 
bers  were,  almost  without  exception,  in  favor  of  upright  and 
humane  dealing  with  the  friendly  Indians.  These  Indians  above, 
were  a  branch  of  the  Wamesit  tribe,  it  is  said,  and  had  submitted 
to  the  Massachusetts  Colony  as  early  as  1643,  and  had  received 
assurance  of  its  protection  of  their  rights.  In  1674  this  Indian 
town  contained  ten  families,  and  about  fifty  souls.  They  were 
self-supporting,  peaceable,  and  were  becoming  industrious  and 
thrifty,  but  were  evidently  regarded  with  contempt  and  distrust 
by  many  of  the  neighboring  English,  who  grudged  them  the  posses¬ 
sion  of  their  grant  of  six  thousand  acres,  including  some  of  the 
best  land  in  the  township. 

The  Indian  name  of  the  locality  was  something  like  Whipsup- 
penick,  but  this  became  corrupted  with  the  English  settlers  to 
“  Whipsufferage.” 

The  town  was  incorporated  as  Marlborough  in  1660.  The 
first  actual  English  settler  was  John  Howe,  who  settled  in  1657- 
8 ;  and  at  the  division  of  land,  in  1660,  there  were  thirty-eight 
who  were  then,  or  soon  after,  residents. 

Rev.  Wm.  Brimsmead  was  settled  as  their  minister,  and  the 
new  plantation  flourished  fairly  until  the  breaking  out  of  Philip’s 
War.  At  this  time,  being  a  frontier  town,  it  was  exposed  to 
attacks  from  all  directions,  and  being  situated  upon  the  road 
to  Connecticut,  it  had  been  regarded  by  the  General  Court  as  a 
point  of  military  advantage,  and  a  fort  had  been  built,  and  a  small 
garrison  was  kept  there.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  Philip’s  War, 
the  retreat  of  Philip  and  his  followers  to  the  Nipmucks,  and  the 
consequent  disturbance  of  the  neighboring  tribes,  the  people  of 
Marlborough,  under  the  lead  of  their  minister,  met  early  in  Octo¬ 
ber,  and  adopted  measures  of  defence  in  addition  to  that  afforded 
by  the  garrison  which  was  under  the  command  of  Lieut.  John 
Ruddock,  of  whose  conduct  of  their  military  affairs,  his  towns¬ 
men,  it  seems,  were  jealous  ;  and  the  people,  as  was  the  case  gener¬ 
ally,  were  averse  to  the  presence  of  the  soldiers  in  their  houses. 
After  hostilities  began,  the  Praying  Indians,  who  had  lived  so 
long  beside  the  settlers,  became  objects  of  suspicion  and,  in  many 
instances,  of  unreasoning  persecutions,  in  spite  of  the  constant 
remonstrances  of  their  friends,  Rev.  John  Eliot,  Major  Gookin  and 
the  magistrates  and  leading  men  generally.  Philip  used  all  his 
powers  of  persuasion  and  intimidation  to  draw  these  Praying  or 
Christian  Indians  to  his  side ;  but  in  spite  of  his  arts,  and  the 
bitter  popular  prejudices  of  the  English,  and  although  forced 
to  suffer  great  injustice  and  hardships,  they  were  nearly  all 
faithful  to  their  engagements  with  the  Colonists.  The  “  new 
praying  villages,”  which  under  Mr.  Eliot’s  efforts  were  established, 


FRIENDLY  INDIANS  PERSECUTED. 


209 


in  the  way  of  missionary  stations,  in  the  vicinity  of  several  neigh¬ 
boring  tribes,  were  broken  up  by  the  “  rumors  of  war,”  and  the 
real  converts  came  with  their  families  into  the  older  villages 
under  the  protection  of  the  Colony.  The  Indian  village  at 
Marlborough  was  increased  to  about  forty  men,  besides  women 
and  children,  and  under  the  direction  of  the  English,  they  built  a 
fort  of  considerable  strength  for  themselves,  and  were  furnished 
with  ammunition  and  some  with  arms  by  the  government,  and 
others  had  suitable  arms  of  their  own.  There  is  no  doubt  that 
these  Indians  were  well  disposed  and  faithful  with  very  few  excep¬ 
tions,  and  might  have  been  of  very  great  help  in  all  the  subsequent 
movements  of  the  war,  if  the  headstrong  prejudices  of  the  people 
had  not  frightened  and  antagonized  them  in  manifold  ways. 
The  hostile  Indians  sought  to  fix  the  stigma  of  their  own  depre¬ 
dations,  often  committed  for  that  very  purpose,  upon  the  Christian 
Indians  ;  and  the  attack  upon  Lancaster,  Aug.  22,  1675,  in  which 
seven  persons  were  killed,  was  attributed  to  them  by  “  Indian 
David,”  who  was  tied  up  to  a  tree  and  forced  to  implicate  somebody, 
himself  having  fallen  under  suspicion  of  shooting  the  Irish-  shep¬ 
herd  boy  at  Marlborough  just  before  this.  Those  whom  David 
particularly  accused  were  the  Hassanemesit  Indians,  now  gathered 
into  the  Indian  fort  at  Marlborough ;  and  the  popular  clamor  was 
so  loud  against  them  that  Lieut.  J ohn  Ruddock,  in  command  of  the 
garrison  at  Marlborough,  demanded  the  arms  and  ammunition  of 
the  whole  body  of  Indians  to  be  given  up.  This  demand  was 
quietly  acceded  to,  although  there  was  no  evidence  against  the 
Indians,  and  the  act  was  entirely  without  the  sanction  of  the 
Court ;  but  the  prejudices  of  the  people  were  so  strong,  and  their 
clamors  so  persistent,  that  Capt.  Mosely,  then  in  the  vicinity  with 
his  company  of  sixty  men,  was  appealed  to,  and  nothing  loth, 
under  cover  of  his  authority,  gave  the  Indian  fort  up  to  the 
plunder  and  abuse  of  his  soldiery.  Fifteen  of  the  Indians  were 
arrested  and  sent  down  to  Boston,  tied  neck  to  neck  like  galley- 
slaves,  and  the  integrity  of  the  Council  was  sorely  taxed  to  keep 
the  rage  of  the  populace  from  executing  these  poor  creatures 
without  trial ;  but  the  law  did  prevail,  and  after  a  long  trial  and 
imprisonment  at  Boston  of  the  eleven(outof  the  fifteen)  who  were 
accused,  all  were  fully  acquitted  except  their  first  accuser,  David, 
who  was  condemned  for  the  suspicion  as  to  the  shepherd  boy,  and 
also  for  his  false  accusations,  and  also  the  Indian  J oseph  Spoonant, 
tried  by  another  jury ;  these  two  were  condemned  to  be  sold 
out  of  the  country  as  slaves.  This  persecution  seems  to  have 
broken  up  the  Indian  settlement  at  Marlborough. 

In  the  meantime  the  garrison  at  Marlborough  became  a  ren¬ 
dezvous  for  the  troops  going  and  coming  to  and  from  the 
western  towns,  and  while  it  was  occupied  by  soldiers  the  people 
felt  some  degree  of  security  in  their  homes ;  but  when  the  com¬ 
panies  were  drawn  off  they  felt  the  danger  of  their  exposed  con- 


210 


king  philip’s  war. 


dition,  and  after  the  disasters  of  Captains  Beers  and  Lothrop, 
and  the  experiences  of  Springfield,  Deerfield,  etc.,  they  resolved 
upon  measures  for  better  security.  Upon  October  1st  they  were 
called  together,  and  took  action  as  shown  in  the  following  paper 
preserved  in  the  Massachusetts  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  277. 


Marlborough  the  :  1 :  of  October  :  1675. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  inhabetants  in  order  to  take  care  for  the  safty 
of  oar  town  these  following  proposals  were  Agreed  upon  And  volen- 
taryly  chosen  unto  that  in  case  of  asalt  these  places  heare  After  men¬ 
tioned  should  be  defended  by  the  persons  that  are  expressed  by  name 
that  is  in 


Isack  How 
John  Bellows 
Samuel  Bellows 

Samuel  Rice 


William  Kerly’s  hous.  of  the  town  soulders  :  2  :  or  soulders  allowed 
to  the  town 

John  How  senior  John  flay  Thomas  Marten 

Thomas  How  Joseph  Wait  Thomas  King 

John  Wetherbe  John  Mainard  John  Brigham 

In  Serjant  Woods  his  hous  of  the  town  Souldeers-2 — 6  of  the  New¬ 
tons,  or  solders  Allowed  to  the  town 
John  Woods  Junior 
James  Woods 
Isack  Woods 
At  Joseph  Rices 

Samuel  Stow  John  Barret 

In  John  Johnson’s  hous :  9  :  and  of  the  town  Souldears  3  : 

In  Deacon  Wards  hous  of  the  town  soulders-3 — or  soulders  allowed 
the  towne  his  own  family  3 

Abraham  How  Gershom  Yearns 

William  Taylor  Samuel  Ward 

In  Abraham  Williams  his  house  of  the  town  soulders-3 — or  soulders 
allowed  the  towne 

Richard  Barnes  John  Rediat  Junior 

John  Rideat  Senior  Samuel  Brigham 

John  Rooks 

In  Thomas  Rices  hous  of  the  town  soulders — 2 — or  soulders  allowed 
to  the  town 

John  Brown  John  Bowser  Peter  Rice 

Increas  Ward  Thomas  Rice  Junior  And  three  men  of  Peter  Bents 
To  the  Lef tenant  him  self  and  the  magazeen  :  13  :  of  the  soulders 
that  weare  allowed  to  the  town 
to  John  Johnson  :  3  : 


to  Serjant  Woods  ) 
And  William  Kerly  j 


to  Deacon  Ward  3 
to  Abraham  Williams  3 
to  Thomas  Rice  3 


All  these  men  to  be  maintained  in  their  respective  percels  by  the  fam- 
ilyes  In  the  several  fortifications  where  they  are  placed. 

Also  that  the  ammunition  of  the  town  hould  be  proportioned  to  the 
soulders  of  the  town  in  these  fortifications ;  this  Above  written  is  that 
which  Acted  and  Assented  unto  by  the  persons  whos  names  are  sub¬ 
scribed. 

Mr  Brensmead  Thomas  Rice  Josias  How 

Deacon  Ward  John  Johnson  John  Mainard 


LIEUT.  KUDDUCX’S  LETTERS. 


211 


Samuel  Rice 
John  Bellows 
Nathaniel  Johnson 
John  Woods  Junior 
Joseph  Newton 
Thomas  Barnes 


Thomas  King 
Solomon  Johnson 
Abraham  How 
John  How  senior 
John  Woods  senior 
Richard  Newton 
Abraham  Williams 
This  Above  writen  was  the  Act  of  the  town  Agreeing  with  the 


John  Rediat 
John  If  ay 
Moses  Newton 
Richard  Barnes 
James  Taylor 
William  Kerly 


Act 


of  the  Comettee  of  melecti  as  Attest 


William  Kerly  —  clarke 


That  this  action  was  somewhat  in  opposition  to  the  wishes  of 
the  military  officer  of  the  garrison,  Lieut.  John  Rudduck,  is 
proved  by  his  letter  below,  from  the  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  4 : 


Letter  of  Lieut.  John  RudducJc  to  the  Council. 

For  the  honored  Councell 

Honored  Sirs.  After  my  humble  Duty  presented  these  are  to  in¬ 
forme  the  honored  Councill  that  Capt.  Pool  have  sent  to  me  four  times 
for  things  spesefied  in  the  note  inclosed  which  I  had  none  of  but  bread 
and  liquors  wch  he  have  had  but  the  other  things  I  have  none  of  and 
now  the  Rum  is  all  gon  he  have  had  several  gallons  of  Rum  all  Redy 
and  the  souldirs  and  posts  passinge  to  and  agen  and  the  army  have 
had  the  Rest  alsoe  our  men  at  the  garison  want  shoos  and  stockins  and 
shurts  very  much  they  complaine  to  me  dayly  to  goe  home  and  suply 
themselves  but  I  dare  not  let  them  goe  becaus  sum  have  gon  on  that 
acount  and  Com  not  againe  namly  John  Boudage  of  Roxbury  and 
John  Orres  a  smeth  of  Boston  and  on  Samuell  Castin  is  Run  away  I 
sent  to  Mr  Davison  to  aquaint  athority  with  it  but  I  heare  noe  more 
of  it  heare  is  but  littell  of  anythinge  Left  in  the  Magaseen  and  if  it 
please  the  honord  Councell  to  give  me  order  to  remove  what  is  left  to 
my  hous  it  would  be  less  trouble  to  me  and  if  anything  be  sent  I  may 
have  it  heare  at  my  own  hous  I  have  set  the  garison  soulders  to  fortify 
about  my  hous  now  they  have  fortified  the  Magaseen  all  Ready  by  my 
order  and  soe  I  intend  to  imply  them  for  the  defense  of  the  Town  I 
humbly  pray  this  honored  Councell  to  send  a  suply  for  the  soulders 
heare  and  at  quoboag  or  derection  how  they  shall  be  suplyed.  Capt. 
Wayt  commanded  me  to  returne  James  Cheavers  for  absenting  himself 
after  he  had  prest  him  whom  I  have  sent  to  make  his  own  defence. 

Your  humble  servant, 

Marlborough  Octob  :  ye  1st,  1675.  John  Rudduck 

Sum  of  the  gareson  souldirs  Informed  me  when  I  was  geting  to  seale 
my  letter  that  the  Constable  had  been  this  morning  and  warned  the  soul¬ 
ders  to  com  to  me  for  theire  vectls  for  the  Town  would  diet  them  no 
longer  I  desire  derection  in  this  case  and  allsoe  that  he  had  warned  them 
that  did  quarter  them  to  quarter  them  no  more  John  Rudduck. 

I  am  of  Nesessity  constrained  to  provid  victles  for  them  till  I  heare 
from  the  Councell  how  they  will  order  it. 


Capt.  Poole’s  requisition ,  enclosed  in  the  above  letter. 

To  the  Comisary  at  Malbery  Sur  we  want  drawers  and  wastcots  and 
I  am  forsed  to  let  men  goe  home  to  fetch  clothing  becas  they  want  and 


212 


king  philip’s  war. 


have  no  supply  Sur  I  pray  send  sum  soft  tobacow  and  bred  by  thos 
persons  I  pray  send  me  the  runlit  of  lickours  for  the  army  will  drene  us 
doutles  not  els  but  rest  yours 

date  30  :  7th :  ’75  Jonathan  Poole  Capt. 

Another  letter  from  him  is  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  279: 

Second  Letter  of  Lieut.  John  Rudduck  to  the  Council. 

For  the  honoured  Governor  &  Council. 

Honored  Sir  After  my  humble  Duty  prsented  these  are  to  signify  to 
this  honored  Councel  that  upon  hearinge  the  Councell  was  Informed  the 
Constable  had  forbed  the  men  that  were  quarteered  in  the  town  and  sent 
them  to  me  for  quarter  sum  cam  to  me  this  morninge  and  threatened  me 
if  the  men  were  taken  away  I  should  Answer  it  and  many  threateninge 
words  and  many  were  gathered  together  about  it  I  understand  great 
Complaints  are  like  to  be  made  against  me  to  the  Councell  but  I  hope 
the  honoured  Councell  will  have  Charity  for  me  till  I  can  com  to  Answer 
for  myself :  in  Regard  to  the  charge  of  the  town  and  of  the  Country. 
I  cannot  with  convenience  come  down  the  charge  of  the  mageseen 
beinge  committed  to  me  troubles  me  very  much  they  are  offended  that  I 
bringe  the  souldiers  to  meetinge  with  me  and  say  1  must  have  soe  many 
men  to  gard  me  it  well  known  to  many  that  it  have  bene  my  practise 
ever  since  I  have  had  a  family  I  use  to  have  them  to  meetinge  with  me 
I  thinke  it  my  duty  having  a  garison  of  Souldiers  to  have  them  to  meet¬ 
ing  with  mee  allsoe  I  seet  sum  of  them  the  on  half  to  gard  the  Town 
in  the  forenoon  and  the  other  in  the  Afternoon  and  them  that  do  not 
ward  I  have  to  meeting  with  me  :  when  we  met  together  to  apoynt 
houses  to  be  ffortified  I  would  have  had  houses  apoynted  and  men 
apoynted  to  these  houses  but  the  Insign  would  not  yeald  to  that  but 
would  have  the  town  caled  together  to  see  what  houses  they  were  will- 
inge  to  goe  to  and  to  fortify  soe  the  designe  was  that  my  house  should 
not  be  ffortified  nor  have  any  gard  if  danger  be  they  themselves  will 
have  the  Inhabitants  to  gard  theire  houses  but  if  I  have  any  I  must 
have  of  the  soulders  and  be  at  Charges  to  maintaine  them  myself  I  have 
propounded  to  them  that  the  Inhabitants  be  equally  devided  to  the 
houses  that  are  to  be  garded  and  the  garison  soulders  divided  like¬ 
wise  but  they  would  not  yeld  to  that  soe  unless  the  honoured  Councell 
be  plesed  to  determiu  this  thinge  it  will  not  be  determined  sum  have 
manedged  theire  maters  soe  that  I  have  Leetle  or  noe  comand  of  the 
Inhabitants  of  the  town  the  sum  of  all  is  there  are  that  cannot  swolow 
that  pill  that  I  should  have  so  much  trust  and  pour  commeted  to  me  soe 
I  desire  to  leve  myself  with  God  and  this  honored  Councell  The  pore 
leve  themselves  with  God  Your  humble  Seruant 

Marlborough  this  4  Octo  1675  John  Rudduck. 

When  the  army  returned  from  the  Narraganset  campaign,  and 
most  of  the  troops  were  discharged  at  Boston,  Feb.  5,1675-6,  we 
learn  from  Gen.  Gookin’s  “  History  of  the  Christian  Indians  ”  that 
Capt.  Wadsworth  with  his  company  was  left  at  Marlborough  “  to 
strengthen  that  frontier.”  He  remained  there  until  early  in 
March,  when  the  newly  levied  army  was  gathered  there  under  the 


GEN.  DENISON  AND  CAPT.  BEOCKLEBANK. 


213 


command  of  Major  Thomas  Savage,  and  was  organized  under  the 
immediate  personal  inspection  of  Maj.  Gen.  Daniel  Denison.  It 
was  at  this  time  that  Capt.  Mosely’s  haughty  and  unrebuked 
insubordination,  backed  up  by  the  lawless,  Indian-hating  element 
of  the  army,  occurred,  and  gave  the  commanders  so  much  diffi¬ 
culty  ;  for  when  Job  Kattenanit,  a  friendly  Indian,  whose  fidelity 
had  been  proved  by  successful  and  faithful  report  of  the  condition 
of  the  hostile  Indians,  to  whom  he  with  James  Quannapohit  had 
been  sent  as  a  spy,  and,  in  order  to  keep  faith  with  the  English, 
had  left  his  wife  and  children  in  the  hands  of  the  hostiles  and 
returned  to  our  army,  bringing  information  which,  if  it  had  been 
heeded,  would  have  saved  great  destruction  and  suffering,  —  when 
this  man  had  been  given  a  permit  to  go  and  bring  in  his  family, 
who  were  to  meet  him  on  a  certain  day,  Capt.  Mosely  raised  such 
a  hue  and  cry  that  the  commanders  were  obliged  to  submit,  and 
sent  after  him  at  once. 

The  course  of  events  in  the  town,  including  the  attack,  is  shown 
in  the  following  letters  : 

Capt.  BrocJclebank’s  Letter  to  the  Council. 

Much  Honnored  sirs.  Malborough  28  of:  1 :  1676 

After  the  duty  I  owe  unto  your  Honnor  this  may  let  you  understand 
that  the  assault  the  enemy  made  upon  the  towne  of  Malborough  upon 
sabbath  day  did  much  dammage  as  the  inhabbitants  say,  to  the  burning 
of  16  dwelling  houses  besides  about  13  barnes  and  seemingly  did 
indeaver  to  draw  out  the  men  out  of  the  garisons  but  we  not  knowing 
ther  numbers  and  our  charge  of  the  Countries  ammunition  and  provi¬ 
sion  durst  not  goe  out  then  on  Sabbath  day  night  there  came  about  20 
men  from  Sudbury  and  we  out  of  the  severall  garrison  drew  out  about 
twenty  more  and  in  the  night  they  went  out  to  see  if  they  could  discover 
the  enemy  and  give  theme  some  checke  in  ther  proceeding  who  found 
them  laid  by  ther  fires  and  fired  on  them  and  they  run  away  at  present 
but  the  number  being  few  and  not  knowing  the  number  of  the  enemie 
but  aprehending  by  ther  noyse  and  fireing  at  them  they  indeavored  to 
compass  them  in  the  returne  home  without  any  losse  of  any  man  or 
wound  from  the  enemie  only  one  of  my  men  by  the  breaking  of  his  gun 
his  hand  is  sorely  shattered  which  for  want  of  helpe  here  I  have  sent  to 
Charlestowne  or  elsewhere  in  the  bay  where  your  honnors  may  thin  Ire 
best  for  his  helpe :  we  have  great  cause  to  acknowledge  the  goodnesse 
of  God  toward  us  for  his  gracious  preservation  of  us  the  enemye  is  gone 
at  the  prsent  as  we  aprehend  by  the  scouts  that  went  out  yesterday  the 
which  we  may  expect  eare  long  will  fall  on  us  with  greater  strength  and 
rage  by  reason  of  the  breakfast  that  they  had  on  Monday  morning  the 
scouts  found  only  one  indian  dead  thus  in  briefe  your  honnors  will  under¬ 
stand  how  it  is  with  us :  from  him  who  is  your  honnors  servant 

Samuell  Brocklebanke  Capt 


Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  180. 


214 


king  philip’s  war. 


General  Daniel  Denison's  Letter , 

Sr. 

Yesterday  I  received  a  letter  from  Capt.  Brocklebanck  at  Marl¬ 
borough  signifying  his  desire  of  being  dismissed  with  his  company  the 
reasons  he  alleadges  are  1.  their  necessities  &  wants  having  beene  in 
the  countryes  service  ever  since  the  first  of  January  at  Narriganset  & 
within  one  weeke  after  their  return  were  sent  out  againe  having  neither 
time  nor  money  (save  a  fortnights  paye  upon  their  march)  to  recruite 
themselves  2.  he  saith  they  doe  little  where  they  are:  &  he  under¬ 
stands  they  are  called  off  by  the  Council.  I  shall  make  bould  to  request 
the  like  favor  in  the  behalf e  of  those  (at  least)  some  of  those  troopers 
&  dragoons  of  Essex  that  went  out  last,  intended  for  Hadley  but  by 
reason  of  the  disaster  at  Groton  diverted  to  Concord  &c.  to  beate  of 
&  prosecute  the  enemy  in  those  parts  and  I  directed  orders  to  Major 
Willard,  that  with  those  he  first  tooke  up  wth  him  &  then  sent,  together 
with  the  garrisons  at  Marlborough  Lancaster  &  Chelmsford  (if  need 
more)  in  all  above  200  men  he  might  not  only  defend  the  townes  but 
might  prosecute  the  enemy  there,  being  within  2  dayes  march,  but  I 
heare  of  no  such  attempt  nor  indeed  of  any  considerable  improvement  of 
them  that  hath  beene,  or  is  like  to  be.  I  am  therefore  sollicitous  for 
many  of  them  that  out  of  a  respect  to  myself  went  willingly,  hoping  of 
a  speedy  returne  to  their  families  and  occasions  some  of  them  more 
than  ordinary  great  and  urgent  I  intreate  therefore  they  may  be 
prsently  considered  &  eased  to  attend  the  seed  time  &c.  and  if  there  be 
necessity  that  others  may  be  sent  in  their  roomes,  who  may  with  far  less 
detriment  be  spared.  The  stockade  from  Watertowne  to  Wamesit, 
might  better  be  from  Watertowne  to  Sudbury  river  9  miles  taking  in 
more  country,  &  that  river  being  as  good  a  stop  as  the  stockade  the 
greatest  objection  is  Merrimack  river  though  broad  yet  I  understand  is 
fordable  in  20  places  betweene  Wamesit  &  Haveril,  &  cannot  be  safe 
without  guards  wch  must  be  kept  upon  it,  for  hast  I  Jumble  many 
things,  wch  be  pleased  to  pardon  The  Lord  Look  in  mercy  upon  his 
poore  distressed  people  upon  your  selves  in  particular  so  prayes 

your  humble  Servant 

Ips  March  27 :  1676  Daniel  Denison. 

The  inclosed  are  certificates  of  delinquents  on  the  last  press  in 
Norfolk  &  of  the  troopers  that  should  have  gone  with  Capt.  Whipple 
to  Hadley 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  179. 

First  Letter  of  the  Council  to  Lieut.  Jacob. 

Left  Jacob.  The  Council  having  lately  receaved  Information  of 
Gods  further  frowne  upon  us  in  taking  and  depriving  the  Country  both 
of  yr  Captaine  and  Capt  Wadsworth  wth  severall  others  by  permitting 
the  enemy  to  destroy  them  yesterday  so  y‘  yr  Capt.  Brocklebanke’s 
chardge  is  devolved  on  yrself  The  Councel  judge  meet  to  leave  the 
souldiers  under  his  charge  to  yor  care  and  chardge,  and  doe  order  you 
to  take  the  care  and  chardge  of  the  sayd  Company  that  you  be  vigilant 
&  diligent  in  that  place  &  as  seasonably  and  speedily  as  you  cann  to 
give  Information  to  ye  Councel  of  the  state,  numbers  &  condition  of 


LIEUT.  JACOB  AT  MARLBOROUGH. 


215 


yr  souldiers  in  that  Garrison  under  yr  command  desiring  God’s  Grace 
&  blessing  to  be  wth  you.  Remayne 

yor  loving  freinds 

Edw.  Rawson,  Secretary. 

Boston  22  Aprill  1676  by  Order  of  the  Council 

Postscript,  you  are  alike  ordered  to  take  care  &  command  of  the 
place  (ie)  Marlborrow  to  preserve  it  what  in  you  lyes. 

Edw.  Rawson,  Secretary 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  222.  like  order 

Lieut.  Richard  Jacob's  First  Letter. 

from  Malbary  ye  22  April  1676. 

Honord  Sirs  This  morning  aboute  Sun  two  hours  high  ye  Enimie 
Alarmed  us  by  firing  &  Shooting  towards  ye  Lowermost  Garason  Next 
Sudbury,  which  made  us  feare  y‘  Garason  to  be  in  Danger  which  shoot¬ 
ing  we  afterward  understood  was  ye  Enimie  killing  off  Cattle.  Some 
after  they  gave  a  shout  &  Came  in  sight  upon  ye  Indian  hill  great 
Numbers  of  them  &  one  as  their  accustomed  maner  is  after  a  fight, 
began  to  signifie  to  us  how  many  were  slaine.  They  Cohoop’d  seventy- 
four  times,  which  we  hoped  was  only  to  affright  us  seing  we  have  had 
no  intelegence  of  any  such  thing,  yet  we  have  Reason  to  feare  the 
worst  Considering  Theire  Numbers  which  we  aprehended  to  be  five 
hundred  at  ye  least  others  Thinke  a  thousand  ye  most  of  yem  hasted 
toward  ye  Northwest  side  of  y®  towne  firing  ye  Remainder  of  ye  Garason 
houses  &  others  yl  were  deserted  as  they  went :  they  have  been  hunt¬ 
ing  in  al  quarters  of  ye  towne  to  kill  &  take  what  Cattle  were  without 
Comand  of  ye  four  Garasons  That  yet  Remain.  Severall  of  ye  further¬ 
most  houses  of  this  town  next  Sudbury  have  bin  fired  now  toward 
Night  which  gives  Reason  to  Thinke  that  ye  Enimie  is  not  yet  De¬ 
parted  from  us  :  Thus  I  thought  it  my  Duty  to  give  a  briefe  account 
of  ye  present  proceedings  of  ye  Enimie :  to  your  Honuours  Leaving  itt 
with  your  wisdoms  Consideration. 

Beging  pardon  for  This  my  Bouldness  I  Remaine  your  Honoures 

Humble  Servant  Richard  Jacob. 

Attached  to  the  above  letter  is  Secretary  Rawson’s  Copy  of 
an  Order  of  the  Council,  as  follows : 

Leftenant  Jacob,  yesterday  upon  the  Councils  having  the  sad  intel¬ 
egence  of  yor  Capt.  &  Capt.  Wadsworth  death  ordered  your  taking 
the  charge  of  the  souldgers  at  Malborough  since  wch  I  received  your 
of  22  Apr.  giving  intelegence  of  the  enemyes  infesting  yor  quarters  & 
apearance  in  a  boddy  of  at  least  500  &  these  wasting  by  fyers  what 
they  can  come  at  so  driving  cattle,  yesterday  was  ordered  eighty 
troopers  to  advance  to  observe  the  motions  of  the  enemy  yor  twoe 
souldgers  returne  wth  a  pty  of  horse  to  Sudbery  &  so  with  these  to  you 
I  desyer  your  vigilance  &  care  for  the  preserving  your  men  &  what  is 
under  your  charge  &  you  shal  have  ffurther  orders  so  soone  as  the 
Councell  meete,  desyring  Gods  presence  with  and  assistance  of  you, 

23,  2,  76. 


Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  223. 


216 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Lieutenant  Richard  Jacob’s  Second  Letter. 

Marlborough  24.  Aprill  1676. 

Honoured  Sirs,  Having  now  Received  Information  of  God’s  ffurther 
frowns  on  ye  Country  In  Suffering  two  Such  worthy  Captaines  to  fall 
before  ye  Enimie  whome  we  might  have  hop1  to  have  bin  Instruments 
of  more  good  in  these  troublous  times :  But  In  this  God’s  will  is  Done. 

Receiving  an  Order  from  your  Honours  wherein  your  Honours  are 
pleased  to  Devolve  ye  charge  and  betrustment  of  our  late  Capt.  Brockle- 
banke  upon  me,  for  which  I  am  sensible  of  my  Inefficiency  &  Incapacity, 
yet  Since  tis  your  Honours  pleasure,  to  Require  me  to  Certifie  your 
Honours  of  ye  state  of  ye  soldeirs  &  of  ye  place.  That  I  shall  Readyly, 
here  is  Remaining  of  our  Company  about  fourty-six,  Several  whereofe 
are  young  soldiers  left  here  by  Capt  Wadsworth  being  unable  to  march. 
The  Towne  is  wholy  consumed  Excepting  four  Garasons  that  were 
man’d  when  the  Enimie  was  last  with  us,  all  ye  cattle  without  Reach  of 
The  garasons  are  Lost :  one  of  ye  Garason  Houses  which  was  Judg’d 
to  be  most  fitt  by  our  Captaine :  who  your  Honours  did  apoynt  to  order 
according  to  his  Discretion  for  a  stated  garason  now  burnt  by  Reason 
off  ye  Inhabitants  not  attending  thereunto  Every  one  being  Carful  to 
Secure  his  private  Interest,  here  is  only  Remaining  These  two  houses 
where  the  Magazine  Lyes  That  are  in  a  Capacity  to  assist  each  other. 
ye  other  two  Lying  att  a  greater  Distance  with  other  Inconveniences. 
May  it  please  your  Honours  further  to  Order  of  ye  state  of  our  Com¬ 
pany  being  Generally  such  as  live  upon  Husbandry  &  seed  time  being 
now  far  spent  which  may  be  prejudiciall  to  ourselves  &  others  if  ye 
season  so  slipt.  But  I  shall  leave  that  to  your  Honours  Consideration 
only  begging  pardon  for  my  bouldnes  I  Rest  your  Honours  Servant 
to  my  utmost  ability  Richard  Jacob 


Postscript :  Some  of  ye  principle  of  ye  Towns  men  In  the  behalfe  of 
ye  Rest  yl  are  yet  Remaining  which  are  but  few  Would  Desire  your  Hon¬ 
ours  to  Consider  their  present  Condition  being  altogether  incapable  for 
Remaining  without  assistance  both  with  Carts  &  a  Guard  They  are 
destitute  of  Carts  Their  Teames  being  at  Sudburie  &  not  Daring  to 
Returne.  Removing  of  theire  goods  if  your  Honours  see  meete  to 
Grant  it  or  otherwise  willing  to  refer  their  loss  to  your  Honours  further 
Consideration. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  227. 


Most  of  the  inhabitants  deserted  their  farms  after  the  destruc¬ 
tion  of  the  town  on  March  26,  1676,  and  with  the  exception  of 
a  few  families  who  remained  for  a  time  in  the  garrisoned  houses, 
the  families  came  to  the  towns  nearer  Boston,  and  returned  only 
after  the  war  was  over.  The  garrison  was  maintained  until  the 
close  of  the  war,  and  was  an  important  rendezvous  for  the  forces. 


Soldiers  Credited  with  Military  Service  at  the  Garrison  at  Marlborough 


September  21st  1675 
Darby  Morris  01  13  04 

John  Dunster  02  00  00 


William  Turner  01  19  04 

Thomas  Owen  04  13  04 

Joseph  Barber  02  14  00 


LIEUT.  JACOB  AT  MARLBOROUGH. 

217 

October  19th  1675 

Daniel  Davison, 

James  Cheevers 

02 

14 

00 

Commissary, 

05 

14 

00 

Thomas  Turner 

02 

12 

00 

Jonathan  Orris 

03 

12 

00 

William  Blackwell 

03 

02 

06 

Richard  Roberts 

02 

16 

06 

Henry  Gibbs 

03 

07 

00 

William  Turner 

04 

16 

00 

Richard  Roberts 

04 

04 

00 

February  29,  1675-6 

November 

20  1675 

Robert  Rownden 

07 

04 

00 

Timothy  Laskin 

04 

13 

04 

Thomas  Owen 

02 

18 

02 

William  Ferman 

02 

08 

00 

William  Farman 

03 

17 

00 

Samuel  French 

03 

00 

00 

Gustin  John 

01 

19 

04 

Richard  Young 

03 

12 

00 

March  24th  1675- 

-6 

Daniel  Roff 

03 

02 

00 

Richard  Young 

00 

13 

00 

Jacob  Adams 

04 

13 

04 

April  24th  1676 

Jonathan  Jackson 

04 

13 

04 

Thomas  Hopkins 

00 

09 

00 

Daniel  Weight 

04 

13 

04 

Benjamin  Parmater 

02 

03 

08 

John  Figg 

01 

10 

00 

June  24th  1676 

John  Broughton 

02 

12 

02 

Daniel  Weight 

02 

09 

08 

January  25th  1675-6 

Thomas  Dennis 

01 

05 

06 

John  Baker 

03 

08 

06 

July  24th  1676 

Richard  Young 

03 

06 

00 

Timothy  Laskin 

02 

09 

08 

Henry  Gibbs 

02 

19 

00 

John  Burges 

03 

00 

10 

John  Nash 

00 

18 

00 

September  23d  1676 

Jonathan  Jackson 

01 

05 

08 

Morgan  Jones 

08 

02 

00 

Obadiah  Searle 

06 

08 

00 

Joseph  Davis 

06  00  00 

XVI. 


CAPT.  SAMUEL  WADSWORTH  AND  THE  SUDBURY 

FIGHTo 


THE  last  chapter  closed  the  account  of  affairs  at  the  garrison 
at  Marlborough  during  and  immediately  after  the  fight  at 
Sudbury,  with  the  letters  of  Lieut.  Richard  Jacob,  upon 
whom  the  command  of  the  garrison  devolved  after  Captain 
Brocklebank’s  death.  And  it  is  well  to  bear  in  mind  that,  be¬ 
tween  the  time  of  the  requests  of  Gen.  Denison  and  Capt.  Brockle- 
bank,  that  the  garrison  might  be  relieved  to  go  home,  etc.,  and 
these  letters  of  Lieut.  Jacob,  the  new  army  under  Major  Savage 
had  marched  out  from  Marlborough  to  the  Connecticut  River, 
driving  the  main  body  of  the  hostile  Indians  beyond  that  river, 
as  was  supposed,  but,  as  was  found  afterwards,  leaving  a  great 
number  gathered  near  Mount  Wachuset.  After  operating  till 
about  March  28th  in  defence  of  'the  western  towns,  he  was 
ordered  to  leave  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  under  command  of 
Capt.  Turner,  and  return  home  as  far  as  Marlborough,  and  await 
further  orders.  By  an  order  of  the  Council,  passed  April  10, 
1676,  Major-Gen.  Denison  was  to  meet  and  dispose  the  returning 
troops  at  Marlborough. 

In  the  meantime  the  Indians,  closely  watching  the  movements 
of  our  forces,  and  alert  to  strike  at  every  exposed  point,  on  Sun¬ 
day,  March  26th,  attacked  Marlborough,  as  we  see  by  Capt. 
Brocklebank’s  letter,  and  burned  a  large  part  of  the  town.  The 
garrisons  were  unable,  or  feared,  to  attack  them  in  force ;  but 
that  night,  Lieut.  Jacob  of  Captain  Brocklebank’s  company,  with 
twenty  of  his  men  and  twenty  volunteers,  coming  up  from 
Sudbury,  followed  and  surprised  the  Indians  sleeping  by  their 
fires,  and  killed  some  of  them,  though  it  is  not  known  how  many. 
Mr.  Hubbard  says  they  wounded  thirty,  fourteen  of  whom  died 
the  same  day  or  soon  after,  and  popular  rumor,  as  usual,  exag- 
gerated.the  number,  and  in  this  case  made  it  seventy.  It  is  nec¬ 
essary  now  to  go  back  and  bring  the  personal  account  of  Capt. 
Wadsworth  up  even  with  the  general  matters  related  above. 

Capt.  Samuel  Wadsworth  was  the  son  of  Christopher,  who 
came  from  England  in  the  ship  Lion,  it  is  said ;  was  settled  in 
Duxbury  in  1632  with  wife  Grace  (Cole),  and  had  four  children, 


capt.  wadsworth’s  family. 


219 


who,  in  their  mother’s  will,  1688,  are  named  in  order,  viz.,  Joseph, 
Samuel,  Mary  and  John,  and  the  last  was  born  1638. 

Capt.  Samuel  moved  to  Milton  about  1656  and  selected  a  large 
tract  of  land  in  the  centre  of  that  town,  and  settled  there  with 
his  wife  Abigail,  daughter  of  James  Lindall,  of  Duxbury.  Their 
children,  born  between  1659  and  1674,  were  Ebenezer,  Chris¬ 
topher,  Timothy,  Joseph,  Benjamin,  Abigail,  and  John,  whose 
descendants  have  honored  the  name  in  their  generations. 

Of  these,  Ebenezer  and  Christopher  settled  in  Milton,  where 
the  latter  died  in  1687,  aged  about  24  years.  Benjamin,  born  1670, 
graduated,  Harvard  College,  1690;  ordained  minister  of  First 
Church  in  Boston,  September  8,  1696 ;  elected  president  of 
Harvard  College  in  1725,  and  died  1737. 

John  Wadsworth,  youngest  son  of  Capt.  Samuel,  was  born  in 
1674;  became  a  prominent  citizen  of  Milton;  had  a  family  of 
twelve  children,  of  whom  his  second  son,  Benjamin,  built  a  house 
now  standing  in  Milton.  Capt.  E.  D.  Wadsworth,  a  lineal  de¬ 
scendant,  now  lives  on  a  part  of  the  original  estate  of  Capt. 
Samuel. 

Agreeably  to  the  order  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  United 
Colonies  to  raise  one  thousand  men  to  continue  the  war  against 
the  Indians,  passed  at  Boston,  December  25th,  Massachusetts,  on 
the  28th,  issued  orders  for  impressing  three  hundred  men  forth¬ 
with;  Essex  105,  Middlesex  83,  Suffolk  112;  the  time  and 
place  of  rendezvous  being  January  5th,  at  Dedham. 

Of  the  recruits  that  were  sent  out  at  this  time,  Capt.  Samuel 
Wadsworth,  the  subject  of  the  present  chapter,  commanded  one 
company.  There  is  no  published  reference  to  such  service,  and 
only  the  casual  mention  in  Gen.  Gookin’s  account  of  the  “  Pray¬ 
ing  Indians,”  and  by  the  writer  of  the  pamphlet  “  News  from  New 
England,”  to  the  effect  that,  when  the  army  returned  to  Marl¬ 
borough,  and  the  rest  of  the  forces  were  dismissed,  “  Capt. 
Wadsworth  with  his  company  was  left  at  Marlborough.” 
The  garrisons  from  all  the  frontier  towns,  save  such  as  the 
inhabitants  furnished,  had  been  withdrawn  by  an  order  of  the 
Council,  January  14th.  There  is  no  mention  of  Capt.  Wads¬ 
worth  until  the  return  to  Marlborough,  and  therefore  our 
account  of  him  and  his  company  must  begin  there ;  they,  having 
taken  part  in  the  “  Hungry  March  ”  from  Narraganset,  were  now 
left  to  bear  the  brunt  of  any  attack  the  Indians  might  make  upon 
the  frontiers. 

On  February  6th  the  Council  issued  an  order  to  Major  Appleton, 
then  at  Marlborough  with  the  returned  army,  to  dismiss  the 
soldiers  to  their  several  homes,  “as  soone  as  the  Sabbath  is  past.” 
But  it  will  be  remembered  that  Gen.  Winslow,  now  in  command 
of  the  army,  and  under  the  pressure  of  the  lack  of  provisions, 
would  scarcely  wait  for  this  order,  and  probably  marched  to  Bos¬ 
ton  on  February  5th,  with  at  least  a  large  proportion  of  his  army. 


220 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Rev.  Increase  Mather,  living  in  Boston  at  the  time,  and  deeply- 
interested  in  all  these  affairs,  writes  in  his  history:  “Feb.  5th, 
the  Army  returned  to  Boston  not  having  obtained  the  end  of 
their  going  forth  ;  ”  while  the  anonymous  contemporary  writer  of 
the  pamphlet  above  mentioned,  states  that  “  Major  Gen.  Wins¬ 
low  only  with  his  Troops  (marched)  to  Boston,  leaving  the  Foot 
at  Malbury  and  South-bury,  who  came  home  on  Munday  follow¬ 
ing  and  were  all  dismist  to  their  several  Habitations  except  Capt. 
Wadsworth,  who  was  left  at  Malbury  in  pursuit  of  the  Enemy  of 
whom  he  destroyed  about  70  Old  Men  Women  and  Children,  who 
wanted  strength  to  follow  the  fugitive  Army.”  1  Hull’s  treasury 
accounts  agree  with  this  date  of  the  disbanding  of  the  army,  so 
that  Capt.  Wadsworth’s  operations  on  the  frontiers,  with  his  head¬ 
quarters  at  Marlborough,  began  doubtless  on  the  same  day. 

On  February  10th  a  large  body  of  Indians  fell  upon  Lancaster 
and  burned  near  half  the  town,  consisting  of  about  fifty  families, 
but  succeeded  in  capturing  only  one  of  the  garrison  houses,  of 
which  there  were  several.  The  one  captured  was  that  of  Rev. 
Joseph  Rowlandson,  who  was  himself  absent  at  the  time  in 
Boston,  seeking  assistance  from  the  Council  for  the  threatened 
town.  The  house  was  sufficiently  garrisoned,  but  the  enemy 
succeeded  in  setting  fire  to  the  rear  portion,  and  forced  all  within 
to  surrender  or  die,  as  the  house  was  quickly  burned  to  the 
ground.  Forty-two  persons  were  thus  made  prisoners,  most  of 
whom  were  women  and  children.  As  soon  as  the  news  of  this 
attack  upon  Lancaster  reached  Marlborough,  Capt.  Wadsworth 
mustered  a  company  of  about  forty  men  of  his  garrison  and 
hastened  to  the  rescue  of  the  remaining  part  of  the  town.  On 
one  side  the  Indians  had  cut  off  the  approach  of  assistance,  as 
they  supposed,  by  tearing  off  the  planks  from  the  bridge ;  but  the 
English  readily  repaired  this  and  passed  over,  and  by  a  secret 
way  were  led  into  the  town,  where  they  succeeded  in  driving  off 
the  enemy. 

During  the  rest  of  this  month  Capt.  Wadsworth  and  his  men 
were  employed  scouting  along  the  frontier,  with  headquarters 
chiefly  at  Marlborough,  I  think,  where  Capt.  Brocklebank  was  in 
command,  whose  company,  dismissed  on  February  5ths  had  been 
called  again  into  service  upon  the  news  of  the  assault  upon  Lan¬ 
caster.  An  order  of  the  Council,  dated  February  11th,  appoints 
Capt.  Samuel  Wadsworth;  Robert  Badcocke,  Sergeant;  and 
“  those  that  are  at  present  selectmen  ”  a  council  of  militia  for 

1  This  writer  is  unreliable  in  his  account  of  the  war,  and  in  attributing  this  last  exploit  to  Capt. 
Wadsworth  undoubtedly  confuses  things  in  mixing  the  rescue  of  Lancaster  by  him  with  the  mid¬ 
night  surprise  of  Indians  March  27th,  by  Lieut.  Jacob.  But  while  his  direct  statements  are  to  be 
received  with  caution,  his  casual  references  are  valuable  as  hints  of  existing  facts  which  others  do 
not  mention,  and  many  of  which,  confirmed  by  evidence  gleaned  from  the  Archives,  throw  light 
upon  things  which  have  hitherto  been  entirely  unknown  in  history;  for  instance,  this  reference  to 
Capt.  Wadsworth,  together  with  Major  Gookin’s  mention,  is  the  only  hint,  in  published  accounts, 
that  connects  him  with  the  Narraganset  campaign,  and  in  these  references  there  is  only  inferential 
evidence,  and  in  regard  to  Capt.  Brocklebank  there  is  absolutely  no  reference  until  the  present 
investigations  based  upon  Treasurer  Hull’s  accounts;  but  following  up  the  clues,  there  is  plenty 
of  evidence  in  the  Archives  of  these  officers  and  others  having  had  partin  this  campaign,  that  have 
never  been  mentioned  in  connection  with  it. 


CAPT.  WADSWORTH  AND  SOLDIERS. 


221 


Milton ;  and  this  would  seem  to  indicate  the  design  of  the  Coun¬ 
cil  to  keep  Capt.  Wadsworth  upon  the  home  frontiers,  as  will 
further  appear. 

When,  on  the  first  of  March,  the  newly  levied  army  was  being 
organized  at  Marlborough  for  operations  in  the  west,  Capt.  Wads¬ 
worth  was  there  with  his  company,  and  was  sent  out  by  the  Gen¬ 
eral  to  recall  Job  Kattenanit  upon  the  occasion  detailed  in  the 
last  chapter. 

In  making  up  the  army  the  General  made  a  selection  of  the  best 
soldiers  out  of  all  at  his  disposal,  and  among  other  changes,  trans¬ 
ferred  a  part  of  Capt.  Wadsworth’s  company  to  Capt.  William 
Turner,  who  led  out  a  company  in  this  expedition  to  the  west. 

A  letter  from  William  Torrey  to  the  Council,  dated  March  Tth, 
expresses  gratitude  for  the  assistance  rendered  by  the  Council  in 
defence  of  the  towns  of  Milton,  Braintree,  Weymouth  and  Hing- 
ham,  and  says  that  the  Major  General  has  “ordered  the  remaynder 
of  Capt.  Wadsworth  and  Capt.  Jacobs  forces  to  be  a  guard  to  our 
townes,”  etc.;  and  that  Capt.  Wadsworth  and  his  men  shall  be  a 
guard  to  Milton,  Braintree,  etc. 

The  credits  in  Hull’s  account  indicate  the  discharge  of  the 
remainder  of  the  company  about  the  7th  or  8th  of  March,  and 
thereafter  they  were  employed  as  home-guards,  and  supported  by 
their  respective  towns,  and  there  is  no  further  mention  of  service 
by  Capt.  Wadsworth  during  the  next  month,  the  operations  in  the 
western  towns  engrossing  all  the  energies  of  the  colonies  and  all 
the  attention  of  the  people.  The  soldiers  are  credited  with  service 
up  to  this  time,  and  thus  properly  the  names  and  credits  are 
given  in  this  place. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Samuel  Wadsworth. 


February  29, 

1675-6. 

James  Stuart 

03 

15 

09 

Henry  Pellington 

00 

12 

00 

Thomas  Woods 

02 

10 

06 

Robert  Miller 

01 

01 

04 

April  24th  1676. 

John  Rowlston 

01 

01 

04 

James  Dalvine 

02 

07 

02 

Stephen  Fielder 

01 

01 

04 

Jacob  Leonard 

02 

09 

08 

March  24th 

1675-6. 

Robert  Braine 

02 

14 

00 

John  Starr 

02 

08 

00 

Samuel  Wadsworth,  Can*  15 

00 

00 

Nathaniel  Jewett 

02 

02 

02 

James  Ford 

02 

15 

08 

John  Hunt 

04 

02 

03 

Peter  Roberts 

01 

18 

06 

James  Hadlock 

03 

04 

00 

Robert  Corbett 

02 

06 

02 

Thomas  Yos,  Lieut 

07 

10 

00 

Henry  Ledebetter 

02 

11 

00 

Ebenezer  Williams 

02 

11 

00 

Robert  Parker 

02 

14 

10 

Richard  Evans 

02 

14 

10 

Timothy  Tilston 

02 

05 

00 

William  Scant 

02 

14 

10 

John  Sharp 

03 

15 

00 

John  Horsington 

02 

14 

10 

June  24th  1676. 

John  Trescott 

00 

18 

10 

George  Ripley 

02 

06 

02 

Timothy  Wales 

02 

04 

06 

Robert  Munson 

03 

06 

00 

William  Deane 

03 

12 

00 

Robert  Judd 

01 

11 

06 

Mortho  Hurley 

02 

07 

02 

John  Hands 

02 

07 

00 

222  king  philip’s  war. 


John  Adis 

02 

08 

00 

James  Badcock 

00 

09 

00 

Ephraim  Pond 

02 

08 

00 

John  Thare 

02 

14 

10 

Jonathan  Gray 

02 

08 

00 

July  24th  1676. 

Abraham  Hathaway 

02 

08 

00 

Paul  Gilford 

02 

09 

06 

Richard  Evans 

01 

14 

02 

Joshuah  Lane 

05 

14 

00 

John  Redman 

02 

14 

10 

John  Alger 

02 

08 

00 

James  Badcock 

03 

03 

00 

Jeremiah  Hood 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Beetle 

02 

04 

10 

Robert  Mutson 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Mory 

02 

08 

00 

Samuel  Gill 

02 

09 

06 

Thomas  Laurence 

03 

13 

08 

August  24th  1676. 

John  Baker 

03 

18 

08 

John  Angell 

03 

12 

00 

Thomas  Williams 

02 

08 

10 

Jonathan  Dunning 

08 

19 

00 

John  Poole 

02 

09 

08 

Edward  Mortmore 

02 

08 

00 

Joseph  Bosworth 

02 

15 

08 

Samuel  Nicholson 

01 

07 

04 

Robert  Milton 

02 

15 

08 

Edward  Samson 

02 

08 

00 

Isaac  Lobdell 

02 

15 

08 

Sept.  23d  1676. 

William  Hooper 

03 

13 

08 

John  Tuckerman 

00 

12 

00 

William  Lyon 

01 

10 

00 

THE  SUDBURY  FIGHT. 

Upon  the  disbanding  of  the  army  under  Gen.  Winslow,  as  noted 
in  the  first  of  this  chapter,  the  Indians  began  to  gather  in  towards 
the  frontier  towns  in  large  numbers,  evidently  elated  at  the 
apparent  inability  and  supposed  discouragement  of  the  English. 
Upon  April  18th  they  came  upon  Marlborough  again,  and  burned 
the  houses  they  had  left  in  the  former  attack.  They  hovered 
about  the  town  for  two  days,  evidently  seeking  to  draw  out  the 
soldiers  from  the  garrisons  and  away  into  an  ambush,  according 
to  their  usual  mode  of  warfare.  They  did  not  dare  to  engage  the 
garrisons,  however,  or  to  come  within  range  of  the  guns,  but 
having  invested  the  town  with  small  parties  set  in  ambush  to 
guard  the  roads  and  prevent  messengers  or  relief  passing  to  and 
fro,  they  began  to  creep  slowly  in  about  Sudbury  upon  Thursday, 
April  20th.  In  the  meantime,  according  to  the  best  evidence  of 
the  best  accounts  from  contemporary  sources,  Capt.  Wadsworth, 
with  a  company  of  some  fifty  or  more  men,  marched  out  of  Boston 
towards  Marlborough  upon  the  same  day,  expecting  to  make  up 
the  company  to  one  hundred  with  the  quotas  of  the  Middlesex 
towns,  but  did  not  have  over  seventy  probably  on  his  arrival  at 
Marlborough,  which  it  was  the  design  that  he  should  relieve  with 
the  company  of  one  hundred  men  impressed  1  for  the  purpose,  of 
whom  not  more  than  seventy  appeared,  and  these,  many  of  them, 
mere  boys.  They  marched  through  Sudbury  in  the  evening  of 
the  20th,  and  without  any  sign  of  attack  from  the  great  body  of 
Indians  lying  about  the  town  and  its  approaches,  arrived  in  Marl- 

1  All  kinds  of  pretexts  were  used  to  avoid  the  drafts  at  this  time.  For  instance,  an  impressment 
of  men  in  the  militia  company  of  Capt.  Clarke  of  Boston,  on  the  18th  and  19th,  for  this  service, 
resulted  as  follows  : 

Aaron  Stephens,  Philip  Cain,  James  Burges,  Thomas  Wats,  John  Pittam  and  Robert  Miller,  hid 
away  and  could  not  be  found  except  the  two  last,  who  declared  they  would  rather  “  be  hanged, 
drawne  and  quartered  than  goe;  ”  and  only  one,  Thomas  Smith,  obeyed.  Attest  the  Officers, 
Francis  Hudson,  Jacob  Ferniside. 


THE  FIGHT  AT  SUDBURY. 


223 


borough  near  midnight,  where,  learning  that  the  enemy  had  gone 
towards  Sudbury,  Capt.  Wadsworth,  after  a  brief  stop  and  slight 
reorganization  of  his  company,  leaving  some  of  the  boys  that  were 
unable  to  march,  at  the  garrison,  and  doubtless  taking  some  fitter 
men  in  their  places,  and  being  joined  by  Capt.  Brocklebank,  who 
apparently  started  for  Boston,  being  relieved  of  his  charge  at  the 
garrison  by  the  coming  of  Capt.  Wadsworth,  with  this  company 
he  marched  hastily  back  towards  Sudbury. 

While  this  company  were  thus  marching  to  and  from  Marlbor¬ 
ough,  the  enemy  were  gathering  more  closely  about  Sudbury,  as 
the  following  account,  contained  in  the  petition  of  the  inhabitants 
who  suffered  loss  in  the  attack,  shows.  The  paper  has  been 
buried  in  the  old  court  files  for  more  than  two  hundred  years,  and 
was  discovered  by  the  writer  opportunely  for  insertion  in  this 
chapter.  This  paper  gives  much  new  material  in  regard  to  the 
fight,  and  incontrovertible  contemporary  testimony  that  the  fight 
occurred  on  the  21st  of  April. 

To  ye  Honble  Governour  Dept  Govern1-  Magistrates  and  Deputies  of  y® 
Gen11  Court  assembled  at  Boston  ye  11th  October  1676 

The  humble  Petition  of  ye  poore  distressed  Inhabitants  of  Sudbury 
Humbly  Sheweth.  That  Whereas  yor  impoverished  Petition1-3  of  Sud¬ 
bury  have  received  intelligence  of  a  large  contribution  sent  out  of 
Ireland  by  some  pious  &  well  affected  p’sons  for  ye  releife  of  their 
brethren  in  New  England  distressed  by  ye  hostile  intrusion  of  ye  Indian 
Enemy,  and  that  upon  this  divers  distressed  townes  have  presented  a 
list  of  theire  losses  sustained  by  fireing  and  plundering  of  their  Estates. 
Let  it  not  seeme  presumption  in  yor  poore  petitioners  to  prsent  a  list  of 
what  damages  we  sustained  by  ye  Enemyes  attempts  hopeing  that  or 
lott  will  be  to  be  considered  among  our  brethren  of  the  tribe  of  Joseph 
being  encouraged  by  an  act  of  our  Honble  Gen11  Court  that  those  who 
have  sustained  considerable  damage  should  make  address  to  this  prsent 
Session.  And  is  there  not  a  reason  for  our  releife?  Not  only  by  reason 
of  Our  great  losses  but  alsoe  for  Our  Service  prformed  in  repelling  ye 
Enemy !  Let  ye  Most  High  have  ye  high  praise  due  unto  him ;  but  let 
not  ye  unworthy  Instruments  be  forgotten.  Was  there  with  us  any 
towne  so  beset  since  ye  warre  began,  with  twelve  or  fourteen  hundred 
fighting  men  various  Sagamores  from  all  Parts  with  their  men  of  Armes 
&  they  resolved  by  our  ruin  to  revenge  ye  releife  which  Our  Sudbury 
volunteers  afforded  to  distressed  Marlborough  in  slaying  many  of  ye 
Enemy  and  repelling  ye  rest.  The  strength  of  our  towne  upon  ye  Ene¬ 
my’s  Approaching  it  consisted  of  Eighty  fighting  men.  True  many 
houses  were  fortified  &  Garrison’d,  &  tymously  after  ye  Enemy’s  inva¬ 
sion,  and  fireing  some  Volunteers  from  Watertowne,  &  Concord  & 
deserving  Capt:  Wadsworth  with  his  force  came  to  Our  releife,  which 
speedy  &  noble  service  is  not  to  be  forgotten.  The  Enemy  well  know¬ 
ing  our  Grounds,  passes,  avenues,  and  Scituations  had  neare  sur¬ 
rounded  Our  towne  in  ye  Morning  early  (wee  not  knowing  of  it)  till 
discovered  by  fireing  severall  disserted  houses :  the  Enemy  with  greate 
force  &  fury  assaulted  Deacon  Haines  House  well  fortified  yet  badly 


224 


king  philip’s  war. 


scituated,  as  advantageous  to  y®  Enemys  approach  &  dangerous  to  y* 
Repellant,  yet  (by  ye  help  of  God)  ye  garrison  not  onely  defended  y® 
place  from  betweene  five  or  six  of  ye  clock  in  y®  Morning  till  about  One 
in  ye  Afternoon  but  forced  ye  Enemy  with  Considerable  slaughter  to 
draw-off. 

Many  Observables  worthy  of  Record  hapned  in  this  assault,  Viz‘ 
That  noe  man  or  woman  seemed  to  be  possessed  with  feare ;  Our  Gar¬ 
rison  men  kept  not  within  their  garrisons,  but  issued  forth  to  fight  y® 
Enemy  in  theire  sculking  approaches  :  Wee  had  but  two  of  our  townes- 
men  slaine,  &  yl  by  indiscretion,  none  wounded ;  The  Enemy  was  by 
few  beaten  out  of  houses  which  they  had  entered  and  were  plun¬ 
dering  ;  And  by  a  few  hands  were  forced  to  a  running  flight  which  way 
they  would ;  The  spoyle  taken  by  them  on  ye  East  side  of  y®  river  was 
in  greate  pte  recovered. 


Furthermore  p’mitte  yor  humble  Petition™  to  present  a  second  Motion, 
And  let  it  be  acceptable  in  ye  eyes  of  this  our  Grand  Court  Vizt. 

That  whereas  by  an  Act  of  Our  late  Gen11  Court  Tax  rates  are  leavied 
upon  Our  to wne  amounting  to  £200  (as  appeareth  pr  Warrant  from  Our 
Treasurer,  which  said  sum  was  leavied  by  Our  Invoice  taken  in  ye 
yeare  before  Our  greate  damage  susteyned.  It  is  y®  humble  &  earnest 
request  of  yor  Petition™  to  commiserate  Our  Condition  in  granting  to  us 
some  abatement  of  ye  said  sum,  for  y®  ensueing  considerations,  Viz1 
ffirst  Our  towne  to  pay  full  for  their  Rates  then  taken,  which  in  greate 
pte  they  have  now  lost  by  the  Enemys  invasion  may  seeme  not  to 
savour  of  pitty  no  not  of  equity.  Secondly  if  y®  Service  p’formed  at 
Sudbury  (by  y®  help  of  y®  Almighty)  whereby  y®  Enemy  lost  some  say 
100,  some  105,  some  120,  and  by  that  service  much  damage  prevented 
from  hap’ning  to  other  places  whereby  ye  Country  in  generall  was 
advantaged,  reason  requires  some  favorable  consideration  to  yor  Ser¬ 
vants  of  Sudbury.  For  if  it  be  considered  what  it  hath  cost  Our 
Country  in  sending  out  some  forces  some  of  which  pties  have  not 
returned  with  y®  certaine  newes  of  such  a  number  slaine  as  with  us,  is 
it  not  reasonable  that  this  service  soe  beneficiall  should  not  be  con¬ 
sidered  with  some  reward  which  may  most  easily  be  effected  by  issue- 
ing  forth  an  Act  of  your  grace  in  a  sutable  abatenfl  of  y®  said  Sum 
leavied,  with  ye  conferring  of  a  Barril  of  Powder  &  sutable  shott  in 
regaurd  that  yor  Petitioners  have  spent  not  onely  theire  owne  stock  of 
either,  but  much  of  y®  Towne  stock.  To  which  humble  and  Equitable 
Motions  if  Our  honbl®  Court  shall  benignely  condescend,  You  will 
deeply  oblidge  yor  humble  petitioners  not  onely  to  pray  for  y®  prsence 
of  v®  Lord  to  be  with  you  in  all  yor  arduous  affaires  with  the  blessing  of 
The  Almighty  upon  all  yor  Undertakings  but  shall  for  Ever  remaine 

Yor  humble  servants 


Edm:  Browne 
Edm:  Goodnow 
John  Groutt 
John  Haines 
Josiah  Haynes 
Thomas  Veal 
Peter  King 
John  Loker  Senr 


Benjamin  Crane 
Zacriah  Maynord 
Joseph  Moore 
John  Parminter 
Joseph  Parmenter 
Peter  Noyes 
Jonathan  Stanhope 
Edward  Wright 


John  Blanford 
John  Allen 
Henry  Curtis 
John  Brewer 
James  Ross 
Richard  Burk 
John  Smith 
Thomas  Brewes? 


account  of  sudbury’s  losses. 


225 


Joseph  Noyes 
John  Goodenow 
Mathew  Gibs 
Thomas  Wedge 


Jabez  Browne 
John  Grout  junr 
Joseph  Graves 
Tho:  Walker 


Samuell  How 
Henry  Loker 


In  Ansr  to  the  Petion"  for  Abatement  in  their  last  Ten  Country 
Rates  by  reason  of  their  losses  in  Estates  by  the  Common  Enemy ; 
Wee  uppon  examination  finde  y*  in  their  last  Assm‘  their  estates  falls 
short  41.  98.  in  their  single  County  Rate,  doe  therefore  judge  meet, 
sd  Towne  of  Sudbury  be  Allowed  44,  10,  0  out  of  their  whole  sum  to 
them  pr  Rates  &  Referring  to  their  request  for  a  Barrell  of  Powder 
&c  wee  refer  it  to  ye  Courts  determination.  William  Parker? 

Hugh  Mason 
John  Wayte 


The  deputyes  approve  of  the  ret.  of  this  Committee  in  answer  to  this  pte 
Or  Honord  Magistts  Consenting  thereto  William  Torrey,  Cleric 
25  October  1676  Consented  to  by  ye  Magists  EDwd  Rawson,  Sect’y. 


An  Accompt  of  Losse  sustained  by  several  Inhabitants  of  ye  towne  of 
Sudbury  by  ye  Indian  Enemy  ye  219t  Aprill  1676. 


Mary  Bacon  formerly 

ye  Relict 

of  Ensigne  Noyes 

£140 

00 

00 

Thomas  Plympton 

130 

00 

00 

Deacon  John  Haines 

130 

00 

00 

Seri:  Josiah  Haines 

190 

00 

00 

Capt:  James  Pendleton  060 

00 

00 

John  Goodenow 

150 

00 

00 

William  Moores 

180 

00 

00 

Edward  Wright 

100 

00 

00 

Elias  Keyes 

060 

00 

00 

John  Smith 

080 

00 

00 

Samuell  How 

140 

00 

00 

Mr  Pelham 

050 

00 

00 

Mr  Thomas  Steevens 

015 

00 

00 

Corporall  Henry  Rice 

180 

00 

00 

John  Allen 

060 

00 

00 

James  Rosse 

070 

00 

00 

John  Grout  Junr 

060 

00 

00 

Thomas  Rice 

100 

00 

00 

Widd.  Whale 

024 

00 

00 

Henry  Curtice 

200 

00 

00 

John  Brewer 

120 

00 

00 

Jacob  Moores 

050 

00 

00 

Henry  Loker 

100 

00 

00 

Joseph  ffreeman 

080 

00 

00 

Joseph  Graves 

060 

00 

00 

Peter  King 

040 

00 

00 

Widd.  Habgood 

020 

00 

00 

Benjamin  Crane 

020 

00 

00 

Thomas  Wedge 

015 

00 

00 

John  Blanford 

010 

00 

00 

Thomas  Brewes 

010 

00 

00 

Richard  Burt 

010 

00 

00 

Thomas  Reade 

003 

00 

00 

Totall  Sum 

2707 

00 

00 

Besides  ye  uncovering  of  many  houses  &  Barnes  &  some  hundreds  of 
Acres  of  land  which  lay  unimproved  for  feare  of  y®  Enemy  to  our 
greate  loss  and  Damage. 

(Endorsed) 

Sudbury’s  Accompt  of  Losses  (and  also)  Sudbury’s  Losses  —  76 


This  paper,  never  before  published,  gives  a  new  phase  of  the 
fight.  (Mass.  Arch.,  vol.  30,  p.  205.) 


The  deposition  of  Edward  Cowell  Aged  About - years  — 

This  deponantt  upon  oath  testifieth  that  I  being  upon  the  Counteries 


226 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Searvis  in  Aprill  last  and  haveing  under  my  Conduct  Eighteen  men ; 
Upon  our  Returning  from  Mallberougk  to  Boston  ;  and  About  three 
1\ lilies  From  Sudbeury  Wee  ware  surprised  with  divers  Hundred  of  In¬ 
dians;  Wheere  of  this  Indian  Tom  was  one  ( — )  by  a  grombling  signe 
or  Noyse  thatt  bee  Mayde ;  as  in  My  Judgement  was  the  Cause  of  our 
being  ffiored  upon  ;  at  which  tyme  fower  of  my  Company  was  killed  and 
one  Wounded  ;  beside  ffive  horses  ware  disenabled  they  Being  Shott 
upon  Capt.  Wadsworths  Ingadgine  with  the  Indian  I  wentt  Backe  and 
Beuryed  the  fower  men  which  were  killed  whereof  (Lt.?)  Thomas  Haw- 
[le]y,  and  Hopkinsies  son  both  of  Roxbeury;  [Kdmund  Rice1]  Good¬ 
man  [Baker’s?]  son  and  Robert  Wayle[s]  of  Dorchister. 

Sworn  to  before  the  Council  19  June  1676. 

Edward  Rawson,  Secretary. 

OTHER  CORRESPONDENCE,  ETC.,  ABOUT  THE  SUDBURY  FIGHT. 

Letter  of  the  M"ssachusetts  Council  to  the  Governor  of  Plymouth. 

Hond  Sr  Since  or  last  to  you  It  pleaseth  the  holy  God  to  give  still 
further  successe  to  the  Euemye  in  this  Colon}7  by  killing  two  men  the 
one  in  Hingham,  &  the  other  in  Weymouth  aboute  the  same  tyme  At 
Marlborough  also  upon  Tuesday  and  Wednesday  last  they  burned  the 
remainder  of  the  Houses,  so  that  now  but  three  are  standing  that  we 
know  of  but  two  or  three  garrisons ;  This  day  we  have  intelligence  in 
the  general  that  Sudbury  was  this  morning  assaulted  and  many  houses 
burnt  down,  particulars  and  the  more  full  certainty  of  things  is  not  yet 
come  to  hand  whilest  we  are  consulting  what  to  doe,  earnestly  we  are 
moved  to  settle  some  of  or  faithful  Indians  at  Meadfield  or  Punqua- 
poag,  &  others  at  Woodcocks  &  we  desire  that  yor  Colony  would  send 
such  a  number  of  yor  Indians  as  may  be  convenient  to  be  joyned 
in  the  same  service  whose  work  shall  be  constantly  to  scout  abroad 
between  Seaconck  and  Meadfield  &  Dedham  wch  is  thought  to  be  a 
very  probable  way  Either  to  prevent  the  enemies  coming  in  upon  yor 
Colony  and  ours  that  way,  or  at  least  to  give  speedy  notice  of  their 
motions  and  dissapoynt  theire  mischievous  designes.  This  motion  pro¬ 
ceeds  from  some  of  the  cheef  of  our  Indians  William  Ahaton  &  Capt. 
John  who  are  very  willing  to  be  imployed  and  much  persuaded,  that 
there  may  be  good  therein.  or  present  thoughts  are  to  indeavor  and 
incourage  this  matter  with  all  speed  and  in  order  hereto  we  have  sent 
our  Corporall  Swift  the  bearer  hereof  to  yo’selfe  from  whome  you  may 
understand  things  more  fully  &  by  him  acquaint  us  with  yor  view  of 
the  matter  and  further  advise  for  the  better  perfecting  of  the  designe 
&  that  we  may  also  know  whether  you  can  furnish  out  any  sufficient 
number  of  Indians  from  yor  parts  &  how  soone. 

Or  General  Court  of  Elections  is  to  sit  upon  Wednesday  come  seven- 
night,  &  then  full  order  may  be  taken. 

Commending  you  to  the  God  of  Councell  &  Protection 

we  remain  E.  R.  S  : 
past  &  signed  21  Apr  76 

Directed  to  the  Honble  Josia  Winslow  Govr 

of  his  maj8ty  Colony  at  New  Plymouth.  (Mass.  Arch.,  Vol.  68,  p. 
220.) 

1  The  name  Edmund  Rice  is  in  the  margin.  He  was  probably  one  of  those  of  Sudbury  killed,  and 
his  name  was  inserted  by  some  one  in  the  margin  of  Cowell’s  note.  Only  the  letter  a  in  Baker  is 
present.  The  paper  is  badly  toru. 


CONCERNING  SUDBURY  FIGHT. 


227 


Petition  of  Daniel  Warren  and  Joseph  Peirce. 

To  Inform  the  Honoured  Counsel  of  the  Service  don  at  Sudbury  by 
severall  of  the  Inhabatance  of  Watertown  as  our  honoured  Captain 
Mason  hath  Allready  informed  a  part  thereof  in  the  petion :  but  we 
who  wear  thear  can  moer  largely  inform  this  honoured  Councel :  that 
as  it  is  said  in  the  petion  that  we  drove  two  hundred  Indians*  over  the 
River ;  wee  followed  the  enimie  over  the  river  and  joyned  with  som 
others  and  went  to  see  if  wee  could  relieve  Captain  Wadsworth  upon 
the  hill  and  thear  we  had  a  fight  with  the  Indians  but  they  beinge  soe 
many  of  them  and  we  stayed  soe  long  that  we  wear  allmost  incompassed 
by  them  which  cased  us  to  retreat  to  Captain  Goodanous  Garrison  ; 
and  their  we  stayed  it  being  ner  night  till  it  was  dark  and  then  we  went 
to  Mr  Noices  Mill  to  see  if  we  could  find  any  that  were  escaped  to  that 
place  all  though  they  wear  noe  persons  dwelling  there ;  but  thear  we 
found  :  13:  or  :  14:  of  Captain  Wadsworths  men  who  wear  escaped  some 
of  them  wounded  and  brought  them  to  Sudbury  towne  ; 

On  the  next  day  in  the  morning  soe  soon  as  it  was  light  we  went  to 
looke  for  —  Concord  men  who  wear  slain  in  the  River  middow  and  thear 
we  went  in  the  colld  water  up  to  the  knees  where  we  found  five  and  we 
brought  them  in  Conus  to  the  Bridge  fut  and  buried  them  thear ;  and 
then  we  joyned  ourselves  to  Captain  Hunton  with  as  many  others  as 
we  could  procuer  and  went  over  the  River  to  look  for  Captain  Wads¬ 
worth  and  Captain  Brattlebank  and  the  soldiers  that  wear  slain ;  and 
we  gathered  them  up  and  Buried  them ;  and  then  it  was  agreed  that  we 
should  goe  up  to  Nobscot  to  bring  the  Carts  from  thence  into  Sudbury- 
Towne  and  soe  returned  Horn  againe ;  to  what  is  above  written  we  whos 
nams  are  subscribed  can  testifi: 

dated  the  :6:  of  march  :78:  Daniel  Warrin 

:  79 :  Josep  Peirce 

Our  request  is  to  the  much  Honoured  Counsel  that  they  would  be 
pleased  to  consider  us  in  reference  to  our  Request;  their  being  2 
troops  of  hors  appointed  to  bury  the  dead  as  we  wear  informed  whos 
charg  was  spared  and  we  as  yet  not  allowed  for  what  we  did ; 

Your  most  Humble  Servants  to  Command  to  the  utmost  of  our  poor 
S  for  our  selves  and  in  the  behalf  of  the  rest  Daniel  Warrin 

Mass.  Arch.,  vol.  68,  p.  224.  Josep  Peirce 

Of  other  contemporary  accounts  of  the  fight  and  its  conse¬ 
quences  there  are  several  from  eminently  reliable  authorities. 
Treasurer  John  Hull  wrote  a  letter  on  April  29,  1676,  concern¬ 
ing  the  sad  state  of  affairs  in  the  colony,  giving  details  of  suc¬ 
cessive  casualties,  and  says  :  “On  ye  21st  valiant  Captains  Wads¬ 
worth  and  Brocklebank  wth  about  50  valiant  souldiers  were  slain 
by  ye  Indians.” 

The  letters  of  the  “  Anonymous  writer,”  published  in  London, 
which  have  been  several  times  referred  to  above,  give  a  very  con¬ 
cise  account,  as  follows:  “April  20th  Capt.  Wadsworth  of  Dor¬ 
chester,  being  designed  with  an  100  men  to  repair  to  Marlborough 
to  strengthen  the  garrison,  and  remove  the  goods  &c.  there ;  did 


228 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


accordingly  this  evening  march  with  about  70  men  from  Sudbury, 
the  rest  of  his  men  not  appearing.  The  Enemy  who  were  about 
1000  strong  lay  near  his  Passage,  but  kept  themselves  undiscov¬ 
ered  and  permitted  him  to  passe  them  in  the  night  but  in  the 
morning  assaulted  and  burned  most  of  the  Houses  in  Sudbury 
(save  those  that  were  ingarrisoned).”  The  writer  goes  on  to  tell 
that  twelve  volunteers  from  Concord  came  down  to  lend  assist¬ 
ance,  and  eleven  of  the  number  were  slain,  and  that  Capt.  Wads¬ 
worth,  with  his  tired  troops  that  had  marched  all  the  day  and 
night  before,  marched  promptly  back  from  Marlborough,  being 
joined  by  Capt.  Brocklebank  and  a  few  of  the  garrison  soldiers, 
making  a  company  of  not  more  than  eighty  men  miserably  tired 
for  want  of  rest  and  sleep.  This  company  was  drawn  into  am¬ 
bush  and  encompassed  by  many  hundred  Indians,  —  our  authori¬ 
ties  say  a  thousand  or  more,  —  fought  them  from  a  hill  for  four 
hours  with  the  loss  of  only  five  men,  till  the  Indians  set  fire  to 
the  woods  at  the  windward  of  them,  and  thus  forced  them  from 
their  strong  position,  and  in  their  retreat  waylaid  and  destroyed 
all  but  a  few  of  the  men,  who  escaped  to  a  mill,  where  they 
defended  themselves  till  night,  when  rescued  by  Capt.  Prentice’s 
troopers,  who  themselves  had  just  been  rescued  by  Capt.  Cowell 
and  his  dragoons. 

Rev.  Increase  Mather,  of  Boston,  who  published  a  history  of 
this  Indian  war  at  about  the  same  time  with  Mr.  Hubbard,  writes 
—  “  April  20th,  a  day  of  humiliation  was  observed  at  Boston. 
The  next  day  sad  tidings  came  to  us.  For  the  enemy  set  upon 
Sudbury  and  burnt  a  great  part  of  the  town ;  and  whereas  Capt. 
Wadsworth  and  his  Lieutenant  Sharp,  also  Capt.  Brocklebank  (a 
godly  and  choice  spirited  man)  was  killed  at  the  time.” 

Major  Daniel  Gookin,  the  commanding  officer  of  Middlesex 
forces  and  superintendent  of  the  “  Praying  Indians  ”  in  the 
colony,  writes : 

Upon  April  21,  about  midday  tidings  came  by  many  messengers 
that  a  great  body  of  the  enemy  not  less  as  was  judged  than  fifteen 
hundred  .  .  .  had  assaulted  a  town  called  Sudbury  that  morn¬ 
ing.  .  .  .  Indeed  (thro’  God’s  favor)  some  small  assistance  had 

already  been  sent  from  Watertown  by  Capt.  Hugh  Mason,  which  was 
the  next  town  to  Sudbury.  These  with  some  of  the  inhabitants  joined 
and  with  some  others  that  came  in  to  their  help,  there  was  vigorous 
resistance  made  and  a  check  given  to  the  enemy.  .  .  .  But  these 

particulars  were  not  known  when  the  tidings  came  to  Charlestown. 

Major  Gookin  gives  a  very  full  account  in  his  history  of  the 
“  Praying  Indians,”  his  object  being  to  vindicate  the  Indians  from 
the  charges  of  treachery  and  inefficiency  made  against  them  by 
popular  clamor.  His  account  was  necessarily  accurate,  and  it 
agrees  closely  with  the  records.  From  him,  and  also  from  the 
Archives,  we  learn  that  a  company  of  Indians  was  being  organ- 


CONCERNING  SUDBURY  FIGHT. 


229 


ized  at  this  time,  and  the  letters  of  the  Council  show  that  the 
design  of  this  company  was  to  fortify  the  fishing  places  upon  the 
Merrimac,  in  conjunction  with  a  company  of  English,  and  under 
command  of  Capt.  Samuel  Hunting,  of  Charlestown.  This  Indian 
company,  it  seems,  was  at  Charlestown  when  the  news  of  the 
attack  upon  Sudbury  came,  and  without  waiting  for  particulars, 
Major  Gookin  immediately  despatched  “  a  ply  of  horse  ”  from 
Capt.  Prentice’s  troop  under  Corporal  Phipps,  and  forty  Indians 
under  Capt.  Hunting,  which  force  arrived  at  Sudbury  that  even¬ 
ing,  the  troopers  in  time  to  rescue  the  remnants  of  Capt.  Wads¬ 
worth’s  company  from  the  mill,  where  they  had  taken  refuge  and 
had  defended  themselves  against  the  enemy. 

All  the  above  accounts  are  of  contemporaries,  and  all  agree  in 
the  main  particulars  and  confirm  each  other  in  the  matter  of  the 
date.  Rev.  Mr.  Hubbard,  of  Ipswich,  whose  history  of  this  war 
is  most  complete,  and,  in  the  main,  the  most  reliable,  agrees 
mostly  with  the  others,  but  seems  to  have  kuown  less  of  this  fight 
than  usual,  and  less  of  the  details  than  the  others,  and  in  the 
matter  of  the  date  was  unquestionably  wrong. 

From  all  the  above  authorities,  the  true  account  in  brief,  seems 
to  be,  that  the  English  had  no  suspicion  of  the  great  numbers  of 
the  Indians  that  were  gathering  about  Marlborough  and  Sudbury, 
or  of  the  vicinity  of  any  until  early  in  the  morning  of  the  21st, 
when  several  deserted  houses  were  burnt  with  the  evident  pur¬ 
pose  of  drawing  out  the  garrisons  into  an  ambuscade.  Then 
Deacon  Haines’s  garrison-house  was  attacked  with  fury  by  large 
numbers,  but  was  successfully  defended  from  six  o’clock  in  the 
morning  until  one  o’clock,  P.M.,  when  the  assault  was  abandoned. 
Twelve  volunteers  coming  from  Concord  upon  the  alarm,  to  aid 
the  garrison,  were  lured  into  the  river  meadow,  and  all  slain  save 
one.  Mr.  Edward  Cowell,  with  a  body  of  eighteen  mounted 
men,  coming  from  Brookfield  by  way  of  Marlborough,  and  by  a 
different  way  from  that  taken  by  Capt.  Wadsworth,  became 
sharply  engaged  with  an  outlying  party  of  the  enemy,  and  lost 
four  men  killed,  one  wounded,  and  had  five  of  his  horses 
disabled. 

While  the  attack  upon  Cowell’s  party  was  still  going  on,  Cap¬ 
tain  Wadsworth  and  his  company  came  upon  the  scene,  and 
seeing  a  small  party  of  Indians,  rushed  forward  with  the  usual 
impetuous  haste,  and  were  caught  in  the  usual  ambuscade,  for 
when  within  about  a  mile  of  Sudbury  they  were  induced  to .  pur¬ 
sue  a  body  of  not  more  than  one  hundred,  and  soon  found  them¬ 
selves  drawn  away  about  one  mile  into  the  woods,  where  on  a 
sudden  they  were  encompassed  by  more  than  five  hundred,  and 
forced  to  a  retreating  fight  towards  a  hill  where  they  made  a 
brave  stand  for  a  while  (one  authority  says  four  hours),  and  did 
heavy  execution  upon  the  enemy,  until  (Mr.  Hubbard  says)  the 
night  coming  on  and  some  of  the  company  beginning  to  scatter 


230 


king  philip’s  war. 

from  the  rest,  their  fellows  were  forced  to  follow  them,  and  thus 
being  encompassed  in  the  chase  by  numbers,  the  Captains  and 
most  of  the  company  were  slain.  The  anonymous  writer  above 
referred  to,  says  the  Indians  set  fire  to  the  woods  and  thus 
forced  the  disastrous  retreat.  Thirteen  only  out  of  the  company 
escaped  to  “  Noyes’s  mill,”  and  there  held  the  enemy  in  check. 
In  the  meantime  Cowell  withdrew  his  party  from  their  danger¬ 
ous  situation,  went  back  and  buried  their  dead  comrades,  and 
then  rode  around  into  the  town  by  another  way  in  time  to  rescue 
Capt.  Prentice’s  troopers,  and  afterwards,  with  others  in  com¬ 
pany,  the  men  at  the  mill.  It  was  probably  about  noon  when 
Capt.  Wadsworth  became  actively  engaged  with  the  Indians,  and 
thus  withdrew  their  attention  from  both  Cowell  and  Haines’s 
garrison.  The  Watertown  company  arrived  at  about  the  same 
time,  followed  the  Indians  over  the  river,  and  made  a  brave  fight 
to  get  to  the  hill,  where  Capt.  Wadsworth  was  engaged  in  his  des¬ 
perate  struggle,  but  such  fearful  odds  were  against  them  that 
they  were  forced  to  fall  back  to  Goodnow’s  garrison,  “  it  being 
ner  night.”  After  dark  they  went  to  the  “  mill,”  probably  with 
the  troopers  and  Cowell’s  men,  and  brought  off  the  soldiers  there. 
The  troopers  sent  from  Charlestown,  with  the  Indian  company 
under  Capt.  Hunting,  must  have  arrived  quite  late  in  the  after¬ 
noon.  These  are  the  main  facts,  in  brief,  of  the  Sudbury  fight. 
The  next  day  the  Watertown  company,  with  Capt.  Hunting’s 
Indians,  buried  the  dead.  The  site  of  the  battle-field,  where  Capt. 
Wadsworth  so  long  held  the  Indians  at  bay,  is  upon  what  is  now 
called  “  Green  Hill.”  Here,  in  1730,  fifty-four  years  after  the 
battle,  Rev.  Benjamin  Wadsworth,  fifth  son  of  Capt.  Samuel,  and 
at  that  time  president  of  Harvard  College,  erected  a  monument 
to  the  memory  of  his  father,  and  those  that  fell  with  him.  It  is 
to  be  regretted  that  President  Wadsworth  accepted  the  erroneous 
date  given  by  Mr.  Hubbard,  which  has  been  perpetuated  upon 
the  new  monument  erected  in  1852. 

It  is  a  regret  that  we  are  unable  to  know  positively  the  numbers 
of  English  engaged.  The  number  with  Capt.  Wadsworth  upon 
the  “  Hill  ”  was  probably  near  fifty.  The  most  definite  statement 

1  The  investigations  of  Mr.  Drake  first  exposed  the  error  which  Mr.  Hubbard  made  in  his  his. 
tory  (see  New  Eng.  Hist,  and  Genealogical  Register,  vol.  vii.  p.  221).  Gov.  George  S. 
Boutwell,  who  delivered  the  historical  discourse  at  the  dedication  of  the  new  monument,  Nov.  23, 
1852,  and  at  that  time  assigned  the  date  April  18,  replied  in  1866  (see  Register,  vol.  xx.  p.  135)  to 
Mr.  Drake’s  article,  and  contended  that  the  date  given  in  his  discourse  was  the  true  one.  The 
Historic  Genealogical  Society  therPtook  the  matter  in  hand,  and  appointed  a  committee,  Gen.  A. 
B.  Underwood  and  Frederic  Kidder,  who  made  a  thorough  and  exhaustive  report  at  the  society’s 
meeting,  October,  1866,  which  was  published  in  the  Register,  vol.  xx.  p.  341,  proving  beyond  ques¬ 
tion  that  the  date  April  21st  is  the  true  date  of  the  fight.  Contemporary  Official  Records,  the 
highest  evidence  of  all,  testify  in  every  case  to  this  date,  while  the  evidence  for  the  18th  is  only 
found  in  Mr.  Hubbard’s  history  and  in  several  books  of  remarkable  events,  kept  by  some  promi¬ 
nent  men  of  the  colony,  who,  it  is  evident,  not  unfrequently  made  their  entries  some  time  after 
the  occurrence  of  the  events,  and  who,  in  this  case,  probably  adopted  the  date  from  Hubbard. 
John  Hull,  for  instance,  whose  letter-extract  above,  written  within  a  few  days,  gives  the  date  the 
21st,  in  his  diary  of  notable  events  puts  it  down  as  on  the  18th.  Major  Daniel  Gookin,  Rev. 
Increase  Mather,  the  writer  of  the  “Present  State  of  New  England,”  and  other  authorities, 
agree  with  the  Official  Records  in  giving  the  21st.  Subsequent  historians,  until  Mr.  Drake,  simply 
quote  Hubbard’s  date. 

It  is  a  great  satisfaction  to  the  present  writer  to  add  the  new  testimony  of  the  petition  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Sudbury. 


SOME  OF  THOSE  SLAIN  AT  SUDBURY. 


231 


is  that  of  Major  Gookin,  who  puts  the  number  of  those  slain, 
besides  the  two  Captains,  as  “  about  thirty-two  private  soldiers.” 
Cowell  had  eighteen,  and  the  Concord  men  were  twelve.  The 
Watertown  company  was  not  probably  over  forty,  while  the 
garrisons  of  Sudbury  amounted  to  but  eighty.  Thus  about  two 
hundred  men  were  actively  engaged  with,  and  holding  in  play, 
probably  more  than  a  thousand  Indians  one  whole  day,  and 
finally  defeated  their  intention  of  capturing  the  town,  sending 
them  away  with  fearful  loss. 

Unfortunately  we  are  not  as  yet  able  to  find  any  list  of  the 
names  of  those  killed  on  that  day,  and  Mr.  Hull’s  accounts  do 
not  show  any  credits  referable  to  that  service ;  only  here  and 
there  are  we  able  to  glean  from  probate  and  town  and  church 
records,  a  few  names  of  those  killed. 


From  the  Roxbury  Records  we 

Samuel  Gardner,  son  of  Peter 
Thomas  Baker 
John  Roberts 
Nathaniel  Sever 
Thomas  Hawley  ST 
were  all  slain  att  Sudbury  under 
worth  upon  21  Aprill  1676. 


find  that 

William  Cleaves 
Joseph  Pepper 
John  Sharpe 
Thomas  Hopkins 
Lieut  Samuel  Gardner 
command  of  Capt.  Sam11  Wads- 


Of  the  Concord  men  killed  in  the  meadow  near  “  Haynes’s 
Garrison,”  but  five  bodies  were  recovered,  and  but  seven  names 
of  the  killed  are  preserved  in  the  records  : 


James  Hosmer  Samuel  Potter  John  Barnes 

Daniel  Corny  Joseph  Buttrick  Josiah  Wheeler 

William  Heywood 

Three  of  Cowell’s  men,  that  were  killed,  are  in  the  Roxbury 
list  above.  The  fourth  was  Robert  W ayles,  of  Dorchester.  The 
Suffolk  Probate  Records  give  an  additional  name,  Eliazer  Hawes, 
of  Dorchester.  These,  with  Capts.  Wadsworth  and  Brocklebank, 
make  in  all  but  twenty-one. 


XVII. 


CAPT.  WILLIAM  TURNER  AND  HIS  MEN,  AND  THE 

“FALLS  FIGHT.” 


WILLIAM  TURNER  came  from  Dartmouth  in  South  Devon¬ 
shire  to  Dorchester,  Massachusetts ;  admitted  to  the 
church  in  1642 ;  freeman  May  10th,  1643.  Is  in  list  of 
owners  of  certain  pasture  lands  there  in  1646.  Was  chosen  bailiff 
of  the  town  in  1661 ;  signed  a  petition  of  the  inhabitants  of  Dor¬ 
chester  in  1664.  He  probably  moved  to  Boston  in  the  latter 
part  of  1664,  as  he  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  First 
Baptist  Church  gathered  in  Boston  May  28th,  1665. 

The  earlier  members  of  this  church,  with  Capt.  Turner,  were, 
Thomas  Gould,  elder  and  preacher,  Thomas  Osborne  and  his  wife 
Mary,  Edward  Drinker,  John  George,  Robert  Lambert,  Richard 
Goodall  and  Mary  his  wife,  Mary  Newell,  John  Farnham,  Isaac 
Hull,  Jacob  Barney,  John  Russell,  Jr.,  John  Johnson,  George 
Farlow,  Seth  Sweetsir,  Benjamin  Sweetsir  and  his  wife. 

During  the  next  few  years  the  pressure  of  religious  intolerance 
began  to  be  exercised  against  the  Baptists,  and  the  General 
Court  took  action  against  the  leaders,  as  “  turbulent  Anabaptists,” 
disfranchised  such  as  were  freemen,  and  expelled  Gould,  Turner 
and  Farnham  from  the  colony,  on  pain  of  imprisonment,  charging 
that  they  had  “  combined  themselves  with  others  in  a  pretended 
church  estate,  without  the  knowledge  or  approbation  of  the 
authority  here  established,  to  the  great  grief  and  offence  of  the 
godly  orthodox,”  etc.  The  men,  failing  to  leave  the  colony, 
were  duly  imprisoned.  A  petition  for  release,  from  these  three, 
to  the  Court,  dated  Oct.  14,  1668,  states  that  it  is  the  twelfth 
week  of  their  imprisonment.  Popular  feeling,  the  majority  of 
the  deputies,  and  influential  friends  of  the  colonies  in  England, 
favored  the  Baptists,  but  the  magistrates  were  inflexible,  and 
when  a  great  number  of  influential  citizens  signed  a  popular 
petition  in  their  behalf,  the  Council  summoned  many  to  appear 
and  answer  for  “  contempt  of  authority,”  in  signing  the  petition. 
I  think  the  prisoners  were  liberated  during  the  winter,  probably 
on  condition  of  “good  behavior.”  Capt.  Turner  was  imprisoned 
again,  evidently  under  the  old  sentence,  and  it  is  likely  for 
breaking  the  conditions  of  his  release.  Several  complaints  were 


ANABAPTIST  PERSECUTION. 


233 


brought  up  against  him,  the  chief  of  which  seems  to  have  been, 
in  this  last  case,  that  he  would  not  present  his  child  at  church 
for  baptism.  The  following  letter  gives  some  idea  of  the  man 
and  his  condition : 

Letter  of  William  Turner  to  the  General  Court. 

To  the  honored  General  Court  now  sitting  at  boston  the  humble 
address  of  Will:  Turner  now  prisoner  at  boston  humbly  sheweth 

That  whereas  it  hath  pleased  some  of  the  honored  maistrates  to 
issue  out  A  warrant  for  the  apprehending  of  my  body  and  Committing 
mee  to  prison,  and  there  to  remayne  according  to  A  sentence  of  A 
general  Court  the  29th  of  April  1668  your  poore  prisoner  doth  therefore 
humbly  beseech  you  to  consider  that  by  vertue  of  that  sentence  I  have 
already  suffered  Above  thirty  weekes  imprisonment  and  that  A  whole 
winter  season  which  was  a  greate  prejudice  to  my  health  and  distraction 
to  my  poore  family  &  which  I  hope  this  honored  [Court]  will  consider 
with  the  weaknes  of  my  body  and  the  extremity  of  lying  in  prison  in 
A  cold  winter  whitch  may  be  to  the  utter  ruine  of  my  headles  family : 
And  withal  to  consider  my  readines  to  serve  this  Country  to  the  utter¬ 
most  of  my  ability  in  all  civil  things :  The  maine  difference  being  only 
in  faith  and  order  of  which  God  only  can  satisfle  A  poore  soul :  Thus 
hoping  this  honored  Court  will  take  it  unto  their  serious  Consideration 
and  extend  their  mercy  as  becomes  the  servants  of  Christ  I  shal  leave 
both  my  state  and  condition  and  honored  Court  to  the  wise  disposing 
of  the  Almighty,  remaining  yours  to  serve  you  in  all  faithfulness  to  my 
power.  Will  :  Turner. 

boston  prison  this  27  of  8th  mo:  1670 
Mass.  Archives,  vol.  x.  p.  228. 

The  deputies  submitted  this  to  the  magistrates,  who  were 
unyielding. 

It  is  not  known  whether  any  action  resulted  from  this  letter, 
but  at  a  Court  held  at  Boston,  March  2d,  1669,  a  petition  was 
presented  from  Gould  and  Turner,  then  in  prison,  for  release,  and 
they  were  allowed  “  three  days  ”  to  visit  their  families,  and  then 
to  be  returned  to  prison.  Soon  after  this  many  and  very  earnest 
letters  were  received  from  prominent  orthodox  ministers  in  Eng¬ 
land,  deprecating  these  rigorous  measures  of  the  magistrates,  as 
against  the  scriptures  and  directly  prejudicial  to  the  interests  of 
the  church  in  America,  and  to  dissenting  churches  everywhere. 
The  prisoners  were  probably  released  some  time  in  the  summer 
of  1669,  and  soon  after  Mr.  Gould  took  up  his  residence  perma¬ 
nently  at  “Noddle’s  Island,”  and  there  the  Baptists  thereafter 
held  their  meetings.  On  November  30th,  1670,  Mr.  Edward 
Drinker,  in  a  letter  to  Mr.  Clarke  and  his  church  at  Newport, 
says :  “  At  this  present  our  dear  brother  William  Turner, 

prisoner  for  the  Lord’s  cause  in  Boston  has  some  good  experience ; 
both  he  and  brother  Gould  were  to  be  taken  up  but  only  brother 
Turner  is  yet  taken  and  has  been  about  a  month  in  prison.” 


234 


king  philip’s  war. 


Gould  was  not  yet  taken  because  the  magistrates  waited  to  take 
him  in  Boston,  “and  he  came  not  over.”  He  speaks  bitterly 
of  Gov.  Bellingham  and  the  magistrates,  but  in  terms  of  grati¬ 
tude  of  Messrs.  Oxenbridge  and  Allen  of  the  First  Church  in 
Boston,  for  their  earnest  endeavors  to  help  the  Baptists  in  their 
troubles,  and  says  that  all  the  deputies  voted  to  release  the  pris¬ 
oners,  but  that  the  magistrates  “  carry  all  before  them.”  He  says 
in  the  closing  part  of  his  letter,  “  Brother  Turner’s  family  is  very 
weakly  and  himself  too.  I  fear  he  will  not  trouble  them  long ; 
only  this  is  our  comfort,  we  hear  if  he  dies  in  prison,  they  say  they 
will  bury  him,”  etc.  The  reply  to  this  letter  was  addressed 
“  Unto  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ,  meeting  on  Noddle’s  Island 
in  New  England.”  In  December,  1671,  Benjamin  Sweetser,  of 
Charlestown,  writes  to  Newport  that  “  brother  Turner  has  been 
near  to  death  but  through  mercy  is  revived,  and  so  is  our  pastor 
Gould.”  The  letter  indicates  that  they  are  now  at  liberty,  but 
that  the  persecution  is  being  stirred  up  again,  etc. 

Upon  the  death  of  Gov.  Bellingham,  December  7,  1672,  active 
hostilities  ceased,  and  the  election  of  John  Leverett  as  governor 
in  May,  1673,  secured  them  from  public  persecution  so  long  as 
he  remained  in  office. 

This  digression  may  be  justified  by  Capt.  Turner’s  connection 
with  it,  and  by  its  evidence  of  the  relations  of  magistrates, 
deputies  and  people  in  the  times  just  preceding  the  Indian  war. 
Capt.  Turner  was  a  tailor  by  trade,  and  he  plied  that  vocation 
in  Boston  during  these  years,  1664-75. 

Mr.  Backus,  in  the  first  volume  of  his  history  of  the  Baptists, 
page  335,  has  a  note,  of  which  he  says :  “  The  copy  of  Mr.  Rus¬ 
sell’s  Narrative  that  I  am  favored  with  came  out  of  his  (i.e.  Mr. 
Callender’s)  family,  and  in  it  is  a  manuscript  note  in  the  margin, 
against  Mr.  Russell’s  account  of  Mr.  Turner,  which  says  :  ” 

•> 

In  the  beginning  of  the  war,  William  Turner  gathered  a  company  of 
volunteers,  but  was  denied  a  commission  and  discouraged,  because  the 
chief  of  the  company  were  Anabaptists.  Afterwards,  when  the  war 
grew  more  general  and  destructive,  and  the  country  in  very  great  dis¬ 
tress,  having  divers  towns  burnt,  and  many  men  slain,  then  he  was 
desired  to  accept  a  commission.  He  complained  it  was  too  late,  his 
men  on  whom  he  could  confide  being  scattered ;  however,  was  moved 
to  accept. 

I  have  found  no  official  record  or  notice  of  the  organization  of 
Capt.  Turner’s  company,  but  below  are  his  own  official  lists,  the 
first  taken  at  Medfield  on  February  22d  (the  next  day  after  the 
partial  destruction  of  that  town),  and  he  reports  this  list  of  the 
company,  “  as  they  came  out  of  Boston,”  showing  February  21st 
as  the  most  probable  date  of  his  marching.  It  is  evident  that  his 
men  were  not  all  volunteers,  as  many  were  “cleared”  upon  their 


CAPT.  TURNER  AT  NORTHAMPTON. 


235 


arrival  at  Marlborough,  and  some  were  on  the  list  of  “  impressed  ” 
men. 

From  Medfield  his  company  marched  to  Marlborough,  whither 
all  the  English  troops  were  now  ordered  for  the  organization  of 
the  army  about  to  take  the  field.  The  lists  of  the  company  are 
below  and  explain  themselves,  and  also  show  that  the  army 
marched  from  Marlborough,  February  29th,  to  Quabaog  (Brook¬ 
field),  and  thence,  on  March  4th.  The  movements  of  the  army 
under  Major  Savage  are  related  above.  Capt.  Turner  received 
at  Marlborough,  from  the  companies  of  Capts.  Wadsworth  and 
Reynolds,  thirty-five  men,  giving  him  about  eighty  in  his  com¬ 
pany.  March  4th,  Capt.  Turner  marched  from  Quabaog  with  a 
company  of  seventy  men,  as  he  left  ten  men  at  that  garrison  on 
that  day. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  on  the  retreat  of  the  Narragansets 
in  January,  many  of  them  were  scattered  among  the  Nipmucks 
in  various  places,  and  two  large  bodies  of  these,  mingled  with 
local  tribes,  were  gathered,  one  at  Meminimisset  (the  chief  town 
and  stronghold  of  the  Nipmucks)  and  another  near  “Wachuset 
Hill.”  At  Quabaog  the  army  was  reinforced  by  the  Connecticut 
companies  under  Major  Treat,  and,  after  several  days  spent  in 
vain  search  for  the  Indians,  at  last  struck  the  trail  of  a  large  body 
of  the  enemy,  but  too  late  to  prevent  their  escape  beyond  the 
Paquayag  River,  to  which  our  cavalry  pursued  them.  Thus  the 
army  was  led  to  pass  by  undisturbed,  and  leave  behind  it  a  great 
body  of  the  enemy  at  Wachuset.  This  was  contrary  to  their 
purpose  and  against  the  urgent  advice  of  their  friendly  Indian 
scouts,  but  it  seemed  best  to  their  commanders  (after  they  had 
been  led  so  far  from  Quabaog,  and  with  such  large  numbers  of 
the  Indians  driven  before  them,  who  might  form  a  junction  with 
the  western  Indians  and  fall  upon  the  valley  plantations  at  once) 
to  march  forward  to  the  towns  upon  the  River,  where  they  arrived 
on  March  8th.  Major  Savage  found  that  there  were  indications 
of  large  numbers  of  Indians  in  the  vicinity,  and  immediately  dis¬ 
posed  his  forces  for  the  defence  of  the  several  towns.  Capt. 
Turner  was  sent  across  the  river  to  Northampton  for  the  defence 
of  that  town.  The  inhabitants  had  placed  “  palisadoes  ”  about 
their  village  “  for  their  better  security,”  and  two  companies  of 
Connecticut  men  under  Major  Treat  joined  Capt.  Turner’s  com¬ 
pany  probably  on  the  13th,  as  the  Indians  were  amazed  to  find 
the  town  full  of  English  soldiers,  when,  early  in  the  morning 
of  March  14th,  they  made  a  vigorous  and  combined  assault. 
Gathering  about  the  town  in  the  darkness  undiscovered,  and 
breaking  through  the  palisades  in  three  places,  they  crept  in  and 
close  about  the  houses ;  and  there  seem  to  have  been  no  guards  or 
night-watch,  and  the  first  intimation  of  the  enemies’  presence  was 
their  furious  attack  upon  several  houses.  They  succeeded  in 
setting  fire  to  ten  before  the  sleeping  garrison  could  be  roused ; 


236 


king  philip’s  war. 

but  when  the  Indians  realized  their  situation,  and  found  them¬ 
selves  confronted  with  three  strong  companies  instead  of  a 
defenceless  hamlet,  they  turned  and  rushed  headlong  to  the 
breaches  they  had  made  in  the  palisades,  panic-stricken  to  find 
themselves  in  a  trap,  and  in  their  frantic  crowding  to  get  out 
were  confronted  with  the  troops,  and  many  were  shot  down  by 
ours,  at  the  gaps,  inside.  Eleven  of  their  dead  were  left.  Five 
of  the  English  known  to  have  been  killed  were  Robert  Bartlett, 
Thomas  Holton,  and  Mary  Earle  of  Northampton,  James 
McRenell  (or  Macranell)  and  Increas  Whetstone  of  Capt. 
Turner’s  company.  The  following  extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev. 
John  Russell,  of  Hadley,  is  of  interest  here.  It  is  dated  at 
Hadley,  March  16th,  1675-6: 

Although  the  Lord  hath  granted  us  an  interval!  of  quiet  this  winter 
yet  since  y®  coming  on  of  y'  Spring  the  warr  here  is  renewed  with  more 
strength  and  violence  here  than  in  any  other  part  while  we  remain  e  for 
as  we  had  intellegence  by  the  captain  who  is  returned  (commonly  called 
“  Speckled  Tom  ”),  Philip  intended  with  his  whole  power  to  come  upon 
these  Towns  and  taking  them  to  make  his  planting  place  a  fort  this 
year  at  Deerfield  so  on  y®  14th  instant  the  enemy  to  the  number  of  a 
1000d  as  judged  made  a  sudden  and  violent  iruption  upon  Northampton 
brake  through  their  works  in  three  places  &  had  in  reason  taken  the 
whole  Town  had  not  Providence  so  ordered  it  y*  Majr  Treate  was  come 
in  with  his  men  within  y®  night  y®  same  evening  yet  they  burned  five 
houses  and  five  bams,  one  within  the  fortification,  slew  five  persons 
wounded  five.  There  are  sd  to  be  found  about  a  dozen  of  the  enemy 
slain.  Here  allso  above  Deerfield  a  few  miles  is  the  great  place  of 
their  fishing  w®h  must  be  expected  to  afford  them  their  provisions  for 
the  yere,  So  that  the  swarme  of  them  being  here  and  like  to  continue 
here  we  must  look  to  feele  their  utmost  rage  except  the  Lord  be  pleased 
to  breake  their  power.  My  desire  is  we  may  be  willing  to  do  or  suffer 
live  or  dy ;  remaine  in  or  be  driven  out  from  or  habitations  as  the  Lord 
or  Grod  would  have  us  and  as  may  be  Conducible  to  y®  glory  of  his 
name  and  y®  publike  weale  of  his  people,  etc.  etc. 

The  Indians,  meeting  this  unexpected  repulse  at  Northampton, 
hastened  away  for  an  assault  upon  Hatfield,  but  finding  it  also 
defended  by  Capt.  Mosely  and  his  men,  they  hastily  withdrew 
and  again  attempted  to  surprise  Northampton,  hoping,  it  is 
likely,  that  the  vigilance  of  the  English  was  relaxed,  or  a  part  of 
the  troops  were  drawn  off,  but  finding  a  ready  reception  awaiting, 
they  retired  completely  foiled  of  what  was  expected  to  be  an  easy 
prey.  With  the  exception  of  an  attack  upon  Westfield  a  short 
time  after,  the  killing  of  Moses  Cook  and  Clement  Bates,  and  the 
assault  of  a  small  party  upon  the  people  of  Longmeadow  going  to 
Springfield  to  attend  church,  there  was  no  further  demonstration 
in  force  while  the  army  remained.  In  the  mean  time  these  dis¬ 
asters  and  their  extreme  want  of  food  began  to  cause  disaffection 


237 


MARY  TURNER’S  PETITION. 


among  the  local  tribes  who  had  no  immediate  quarrel  against  the 
English,  and  to  this  was  added  the  discouraging  fact  of  the  capt¬ 
ure  and  death  of  Canonchet,  chief  of  the  Narragansets,  and  the 
real  leader,  now,  of  the  confederated  tribes.  The  English  took 
advantage  of  this  discouragement  and  opened  negotiations  look¬ 
ing  to  a  peace,  while  a  price  was  offered  for  the  head  of  Philip, 
who  promptly  retired  out  of  harm’s  way. 

Capt.  Turner  and  his  company  were  engaged  at  Northampton 
and  the  neighboring  towns  in  guarding  and  fortifying  against  the 
expected  attack  of  the  great  body  of  Indians  gathered  in  the 
vicinity,  our  troops  as  well  as  those  of  Connecticut  being  under 
the  general  command  of  Major  Savage,  for  an  account  of  whose 
operations  and  the  condition  of  affairs  at  this  time,  see  Chap.  IV. 
of  this  volume,  a  very  interesting  letter  of  the  Council  to  Mr. 
Savage,  dated  April  1st.  In  accordance  with  these  instructions 
Major  Savage  marched  home  with  most  of  the  soldiers  that  came 
with  him,  leaving  Capt.  Turner  in  charge  of  the  defence  of  these 
towns  in  Captain  Poole’s  place,  and  leaving  him  one  hundred 
and  fifty-one  men  in  regular  service.  These  were  mostly  single 
men,  and  very  largely  boys  and  servants,  or  apprentices. 

These  troops  were  designed  for  the  defence  of  the  towns,  and 
were  for  garrison  duty  only.  Hadley  was  made  headquarters, 
and  a  garrison  of  fifty-one  men  was  detailed  there.  Forty-five 
were  stationed  at  Hatfield,  nine  were  sent  to  Springfield,  and 
forty-six  at  Northampton.  The  following  petition  and  letter 
explain  themselves : 

Petition  of  Mrs.  Mary  Turner. 

To  the  Honoured  G-ouvernour  and  Councill  Now  Assembled  in  Boston. 

The  Humble  petition  of  Mary  Turner  wife  to  Wm  Turner  now  in  the 
Service  of  the  Country  Under  Comand  of  your  Honours,  Humbly 
Sheweth, 

That  whereas  your  poor  petitioners  husband  Voluntarily  &  frely 
offered  him  selfe  unto  &  now  Is  In  your  Service  far  from  home 
together  with  his  son  &  servants  leaving  onely  one  servant  with  me 
which  God  by  his  Providence  hath  bereaved  me  off  soe  that  I  Am  at 
present  wholy  Almost  left  destitute  of  maintenance  for  myselfe  which 
calls  uppon  me  to  crave  of  your  honours  Consideration  of  my  present 
Condition  And  order  the  payment  to  me  of  the  whole  or  whatt  part 
your  honours  think  fitt  of  wages  due  for  the  time  my  husband  son  & 
servants  have  bene  In  the  Service  of  the  Country  which  shall  further 
Ingage  your  poor  petitioner  to  pray  for  As  In  duty  Am  Bound :  the 
future  peace  &  prosperity  of  your  honours  &  All  the  people  of  God  In 
this  poor  Country.  Mary  Turner. 

In  Ansr  to  the  petion,  It  is  ordered  that  the  Committee  of  the  Army 
forthwith  order  the  petitioner  be  payd  Seven  pounds  on  ye  Account 
exprest  therein. 

Dated  at  Boston  the  24th  of  Aprill  1676 

By  ye  Council  Edw4  Rawson,  Sec*7. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  225. 


238 


king  philip’s  war. 


Letter  of  Capt.  William  Turner. 

Honored  Sirs. 

Since  the  army  marcht  hence  under  the  Command  of  major  general 
Savage  and  left  mee  here  by  order  from  your  honours :  I  have  not  had 
any  thing  worth  sending  downe  A  post :  And  now  having  an  opportu¬ 
nity  I  thought  meete  to  acquaint  your  honours  that  the  souldiers  here 
are  in  greate  distresse  for  want  of  clothing  both  Linen  and  Woollen: 
So  I  desired  the  Commissaries  here  to  send  down  to  quabouge  to  see  if 
there  any  supplies  :  So  they  brought  from  thence  A  few  Shirts  Stock¬ 
ings  Shoes  and  drawers :  but  not  an  eighth  of  what  wee  want :  So  that 
I  shall  beseech  your  honours  to  take  some  speedy  Course  for  a  supply 
to  be  sent  to  the  Commissaries  here  for  thei[r]  [rele]eafe:  here  will 

want  much  as  the  enclosed  note  will  show  you : - ,  forasmuch  as 

it  hath  pleased  your  honours  to  commit  the  care  of  [these]  townes  to 
my  charge  :  So  I  shall  beseech  your  honours  that  my  [wi]  f e  may  have 
my  wages  due  to  mee  for  to  supply  the  wants  of  my  family :  for 
whome  I  am  bound  by  the  lawes  of  god  and  nature  to  make  provision : 
And  I  should  be  glad  if  there  might  be  some  fitter  person  found  for 
this  imployment :  for  I  much  doubt  my  weaknes  of  body  and  my  often 
infirmities  will  hardly  Sufer  mee  to  doe  my  duty  as  I  ought  in  this 
imployment :  And  it  would  grieve  me  to  be  negligent  in  anything  that 
might  be  for  the  good  of  this  yeare  country  in  this  day  of  their  dis¬ 
tress  :  Therefore  shal  leave  it  to  your  honours  Consideration :  whether 
some  other  man  may  not  be  fitter  to  be  imployed  in  this  place  by 
reason  of  my  weaknes  of  body :  1  have  here  sent  you  those  Lists  of 
my  Company  as  they  came  from  boston  and  afterwards  from  marlbo- 
rough  as  they  Continued  to  the  seventh  instant :  also  an  account  from 
the  Commissary  of  northamton  to  that  day :  I  have  also  sent  A  List  of 
those  Left  the  7th  instant  under  my  Command  in  these  3  townes :  most 
of  them  having  beene  here  long  before  my  time  :  Thus  hoping  your 
honours  will  Consider  so  as  to  send  some  speedy  supply  for  the  soul¬ 
diers  here  and  also  order  something  for  the  supply  of  my  family  in  my 
absence  :  I  shall  beg  the  Lord  to  be  your  Counsellour  and  guide  in  this 
time  of  distracktion  and  sore  trouble :  And  remaine  yours  to  serve 
your  honours  to  the  uttmost  of  my  power  wherein  I  may. 

Will:  Turner. 

I  beseech  your  honours  deliver  these  lists  to  whome  they  may  con- 
cerne  :  And  command  the  souldiers  to  make  hast  backe  to  their  quar¬ 
ters  : 

Your  honours  since  ye  close  of  this  there  is  come  in  a  young  man 
taken  from  Springfield  at  the  beginning  of  last  month  who  informes 
that  the  enemy  is  drawing  up  all  their  forces  towards  these  townes : 
and  their  head  quarters  to  be  at  (Deere)  field  alias  pegunkugg. 

Dated  25  April,  1676. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  228. 

Following  are  the  lists  referred  to  in  the  letter.  The  first 
shows  the  organization  of  his  company  until  April  7th;  the 
second  list  shows  the  disposal  of  his  force  for  the  defence  of  the 
towns  up  to  April  25th. 


239 


CAPT.  TURNER'S  LISTS. 


Corporalls. 


A  List  of  Capt.  William  Turner’s  men  as  they  came  from  Boston  and 

taken  at  Medfield  1675-6. 

William  Turner,  Capt. 

Edward  Drinker,  Lieut. 

William  Parsons,  )  o  , 

Ezekiel  Gilman,  j  *er9eants- 
Phellip  Squire, 

Thomas  Elliot, 

Thomas  Barnard, 

James  Knott, 

James  Verin 
Thomas  Chard 
Henry  Dawson 
Samuel  Davies 
Mark  Wood 
Robert  Miller 
Jon  Cunneball 
Richard  Staines 
Joseph  Gallop 
Jon  Roberts 

Hoo:  Steward  Thomas  Skinner,  Clerk 

James  Burges 

John  Newton,  cleared  by  the  Councill  at  Medfield. 

Nathan  Addams,  sick  at  Medfield. 

Robert  Briant,  wounded  at  Dedham. 


Jonathan  Orris 
Wm  Turner  jr. 
Ephraim  Roper 
Jon  Sawdy 
Richard  Cheevers 
Josiah  Man 
Elias  Tyffe 
Robert  Seares 
Sam11  Rawlins 
Samuel  Brisantine 
Isaiah  Toy 
Roger  Jones 


Matthias  Smith 
Samuel  Gallop 
Barthol.  Whittwell 
Samuel  Judkins 
Richard  Knight 
Joseph  Preist 
Peaceful  Clarke 
Henery  Kerby 
Edward  Wright 
Phellip  Jessop 
Thomas  Skinner, 


A  List  of  them  Cleared  at  Marlborough. 
Henry  Timberleggs, 

Ensigne 
William  Wade 
Clement  Hamblinge 
Jacob  Hanson 
Jo"  Brack enbery 
Nathaniel  Badcock 


Jon  Carthew 
Thomas  Bendy 
Jo"  Smith 
Joseph  Dindy 
Amos  .... 
Henerie  Wright 


Samuell  Holmes 
James  Parker 
ffearnott  Shaw 
Will™  Robbins 
James  Travis 
Jon  Jay 


This  is  a  true  List  of  such  as  came  out  of  Boston  wth  me  as  witnesse 
my  hand  ffeb.  the  22d  1675-6.  Will:  Turner. 


Another  list  follows  upon  the  same  paper  and  is  headed,  “  A 
List  of  men  as  they  came  from  Marlborough  ffeb:  29,  ’75-6.” 
This  list  is  identical  with  the  one  above  except  that  Edward 
Crick  (Creek)  is  Ensign  in  place  of  Henry  Timberleggs  (Tim- 
berlake)  cleared  as  above. 

In  the  same  paper  also  the  following : 


Recd  these  men  whose  names  follow,  from  Captaine  Wadsworth  &  fro’. 

Capt.  Reynolds. 

Phillip  Mattoone,  for  whome  I  tooke  in  exchange  John  Thropp  a( 
Hampton. 

Jon  Newman  made  Corporall  17  March  75-6. 


240 


king  philip’s  war. 


John  Sympole 
Jo11  Chappie 
Henery  Beresford 
James  Burnell 
Jon  Walker 
Joseph  Lamson 
Joseph  Bickner 
William  Clow 
William  Twing 
Joseph  Lyon 
Richard  Francis 
William  Hartford 


Solomon  Lowd 
William  Bos  way 
John  Glide 
Josiah  Lane 
James  Hewes 
Jonath:  Dunninge 
William  Jaques 
William  Manley 
George  Ripley 
Phill:  Sandy 
Diggory  Sargent 


Jon  Broughton 
Jon  Rolestone 
William  Jemmison 
Edward  Samson 
John  Avis 
Joseph  Griffin 
Henery  Smith 
Sam11  Phesy  (Vesey) 
Joseph  Bateman 
James  Machrenell  kild 
at  Hampton  March  14th 


These  were  left  at  Quabaug  the  4th  of  March  1675-6. 

Henery  Pellington  Tho:  Brisanton  Thomas  Chapman 

David  Crouter  Thomas  Stacy 

John  Gromwell  Charles  Duckworth 

Richard  Sutton 


Augustine  John 
James  Callen 


The  Rest  continued  under  my  Command  till  ye  7th  of  Aprill  att 
which  time  4  were  left  in  Hadly  by  order  of  ye  Councell  and  part  of 
the  Companie  marched  under  the  conduct  off  Lieut.  Drinker  with  Maj. 
Savage,  some  by  order  staying  with  me.  Will:  Turner. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  158. 


A  Liste  off  Souldjers  undr  the  Command  off  Capt.  Will" 

the  7th  of  Aprill  1676 


Turner  ffro. 


Hadley  Souldjers : 

Capt.  William  Turner 
Serg1  John  Throppe 
Serg*  John  Newman 
Corp1  Joseph  Hartshome  Will"1  Chubb 
Corp1  Robert  Sympson  Moses  Morgan 


Jon  Chamberlin 
Jo0  Luddon 
John  Presson 
Jon  Bill 


Wm  Armes 
John  Strowbridge 
Samu  Sybly 
Thomas  Jones 
Robert  Coates 
David  Hartshorne 
Benj.  Poole 
John  Uppum 
Simon  Grover 
Stephen  Grover 
John  Pratt 
Thomas  Briant 
Triall  Newbury 
Josuah  Phillips 
Benjamin  Chamblin 
John  Rolestone 
John  Longbury 
John  ffoster 
John  Wattson 


Roger  Jones 
Jo11  Wiseman 
Phillip  Jessop 
Joseph  Griffin 
Josiah  Man 
Thomas  Chard 
John  Sheapheard 
Ephraim  Roper 
Nicholas  Duerell 
Phellep  Cattlin 
Joseph  Chambrlin 
Richard  Snodin 
Joseph  Smith 
Joseph  Bodman 

JohnChapple, Dnmmer  John  Ashdowne 

William  Hunt  John  Cooke 

Samu11  Tyly  John  Hix 

James  Barrell  John  Salter 

William  Hartforde  Jeremiah  Cloather 


William  Torner 

Souldjers  sent  to  the 
Mill. 

Robert  Seares 
Sam11  Rawlins 
John  Sawdy 
Jonathan  Dunninge 
Samuell  Davies 
John  ffisher 
Thomas  Cobbett 
Thomas  Sympkins 
Richard  Lever 

Hampton  Souldjers 
Serg1  Esaiah  Toy 
Corp11  John  Wilde 
John  Smith 
John  Babson 
John  Whiterage 


241 


FIGHT  AT  “  TURNER’S  FALLS.” 


John  Chaplin 
John  Belcher 
John  Stukely 
John  Boyde 
John  Walker 
John  Roberts 
Martin  Smith 
Abraham  Shaw 
Thomas  Roberts 
Richard  Hudson 
Samuel  Ransford 
Joseph  ffowler 
Solomon  Lowde 
William  Jaques 
Jacob  Burton 
William  Smith 
Nicholas  Mason 
Phellip  Mattoon 
Samuel  Soutch 
Thomas  Lyon 
Robert  Price 
Thomas  Poore 
Peter  Bushrodd 
Samuel  Phesy 
William  Willis 
Thomas  Harris 
George  Bewly 
William  Howard 
Phellip  Lewes 
Willm  Hopkins 
Mass.  Archives, 


Ephraim  Beeres  John  Arnold 

Richard  Bever  Simon  Williams 

Johnffiske,left  wounded  Daniel  Clow 
by  Capt.  Lathroppe  Edward  Bishoppe 

Henry  Raynor 

Hattfielde  Souldjers 
Serg1  Robert  Bardwell 
Corp11  Samuell  Laine 
Benjamin  Barrett 


Hugh  Goliko 
Anthony  Baker 
Jon  Largin 
Richard  Staines 
Nicholas  Gray 
Jon  Allen 
Richard  Smith 
William  Elliott 
Jo”  Wilkins 
John  Jones 
Thomas  Staines 
Gilbert  fforsith 
Benjamin  Lathroppe 
Robert  Dawes 
Hugh  Pike 
Daniel  Stearlin 
John  Verin 
Jonathan  Nichols 
James  Verin 
John  Downinge 
Joseph  Moring 
Vol.  68,  p.  212. 


Samuell  Neale 
Jeffery  Jeffers 
Hugh  Price 
Arche  bold  ff  orest 
Jabesh  Duncan 
John  Hughes 
William  Batt 
Wallter  Hixon 
Jabesh  Musgrove 
Matthew  Groves 
Anthony  Ravenscraft 
James  Molt 

Sent  to  Springfield 
Serg*  Roger  Prosser 
Ely  Crow 
Will™  Briggs 
Jeremiah  Nor crosse 
Will"1  Mitchell 
Timothy  ffroglie 
Onesephorus  Stanly 
William  Crane 
Henery  Willis 

Richard  ffrancis,  Clerk. 


The  last  list  shows  the  organization  of  Capt.  Turner’s  force 
until 

THE  “FALLS  FIGHT,”  MAY  19,  1676. 

The  disposal  of  Capt.  Turner’s  forces,  from  April  Tth  up  to  the 
25th,  is  indicated  in  the  above  letter.  In  the  closing  clause  it 
will  be  noticed  that  he  speaks  of  the  news  which  a  young  man 
brings  in  just  before  he  sends  the  letter  away.  This  was  prob¬ 
ably  John  Gilbert,  who  with  Edward  Stebbins  had  been  taken 
captive  at  Springfield  about  a  month  before  and  carried  up  the 
river  by  the  Indians,  where  Mrs.  Rowlandson,  in  her  narrative, 
speaks  of  meeting  him.  Capt.  Turner  makes  note  of  his  infor¬ 
mation  to  the  effect  that  the  Indians  are  gathering  in  great 
numbers  about  these  towns.  Mr.  Hubbard,  on  the  other  hand, 
speaks  of  two  “  English  lads,”  who  give  information  of  the 
unguarded  state  of  the  Indians,  referring  doubtless  to  Gilbert 
and  Stebbins  above  mentioned,  but  confusing  with  theirs  the 
testimony  of  another  captive  named  Thomas  Reed,  who  escaped 
and  came  in  some  weeks  later.  Some  idea  of  the  state  of  feeling 


242 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


among  the  English  inhabitants  and  soldiers  may  be  gained  from 
this  letter  of  some  of  the  chief  actors  at  the  front. 

Letter  of  Rev.  John  Russell,  Capt.  Turner  and  others  to  the 
General  Court: 


Hadly  Apr  29,  1676 

Right  Worp’f11 

This  morning  we  received  from  Hartford  these  inclosed  wch  we 
were  desired  to  post  away;  and  have  accordingly  effected  with  all 
speed.  Its  matter  of  thankfulnesse  and  incouragement  to  hear  that 
the  Lord  is  in  any  place  going  forth  wth  or  armies ;  and  delivering  or 
enemies  into  or  hands. 

We  hope  if  or  sins  hinder  not  it  is  a  pledge  of  future  &  greater  mrcy. 

It  is  strange  to  see  how  much  spirit  (more  than  formerly)  appears  in 
our  men  to  be  out  against  the  enemy.  A  great  part  of  the  inhabitants 
here  would  our  committees  of  militia  but  permitt ;  would  be  going 
forth :  They  are  daily  moving  for  it  and  would  fain  have  liberty  to  be 
going  forth  this  night.  The  enemy  is  now  come  so  near  us,  that  we 
count  we  might  go  forth  in  the  evening,  and  come  upon  them  in  the 
darkness  of  the  same  night.  We  understand  from  Hartford  some 
inclination  to  allow  some  volunteers  to  come  from  them  up  hither, 
should  that  be  I  doubt  not  but  many  of  ors  would  joyne  wth  them.  It 
is  the  generall  voyce  of  the  people  here  y‘  now  is  the  time  to  distresse 
the  enemy ;  and  that  could  we  drive  them  from  their  fishing  and  keep 
out  though  but  lesser  parties  against  them  famine  would  subdue  them. 
All  intelligence  give  us  cause  to  hope  that  the  Mohawks  do  still  retain 
their  old  friendship  for  us  and  enmity  against  our  enemies.  Some 
proof e  of  it  they  have  of  late  in  those  they  slew  higher  up  this  River. 
Two  of  whom  as  the  Indian  messengers  relate  were  of  or  known 
Indians ;  and  one  a  Quabaog  Indian.  And  further  proof  its  thought 
they  would  soon  give ;  were  the  obstructions  (y‘  some  English  have  or 
may  putt  in  their  way)  removed  and  the  remembrance  of  the  ancient 
amity  and  good  terms  between  them  and  these  colonies  renewed  by 
some  letters  &  if  it  might  be  by  some  English  messengers.  We  would 
not  tho.  out  so  good  an  end  as  love  and  zeale  for  the  weal  publique, 
that  we  should  be  transported  beyond  or  line.  We  crave  pardon  for 
or  reaching  so  farr,  and  with  many  prayers  do  desire  to  beseech  the 
father  of  mercies  and  God  of  all  counsell  to  direct  you  in  the  right 
way;  &  so  praying  we  remaine 

Sr  Your  Worships  most  Humble  &  devoted  Serv’t8 


John  Russell 
Will:  Turner 
David  Wilton 
Samuel  Smith 


John  Lyman 
Isack  Graves 
John  King 
Daniel  Warner 


From  a  diligent  study  of  all  available  authorities,  from  all 
accessible  sources,  supplemented  by  many  new  hints  and  evi¬ 
dences  afforded  by  documents  preserved  in  the  State  Archives 
and  elsewhere,  I  think  the  following  is  a  fairly  accurate  account 


CONDITION  OF  THE  INDIANS,  MAY,  1676. 


243 


of  the  campaign  of  Capt.  Turner  in  May,  1676,  closing  with  the 
Falls  Fight  on  the  18th. 

After  the  withdrawal  of  the  army  under  Major  Savage,  the 
Indians  seem  to  have  relaxed  much  of  their  vigilance,  watching 
mainly  for  opportunities  for  plunder  wherever  the  English  became 
careless  and  exposed  themselves  or  cattle  to  the  chance  of  capt¬ 
ure.  In  the  mean  time  the  situation  of  the  Indians  was  becom¬ 
ing  desperate.  The  Narragansets  with  their  allies  and  many  of 
the  Wampanoags  had  been  forced  in  an  almost  destitute  condi¬ 
tion  upon  the  Nipmuck  and  Pocomtuck  tribes  for  support. 
These  unwonted  numbers  soon  exhausted  the  never  abundant 
resources  of  the  local  tribes,  and  when  Philip’s  promises  of  a 
speedy  victory  over  all  the  river  towns  with  plunder  of  their 
goods  were  not  realized,  when  the  great  chieftain  Canonchet  was 
taken  and  slain,  and  having  met  the  repulses  at  Northampton  and 
Hatfield,  they  were  reduced  almost  to  starvation,  these  river  and 
northern  Indians  began  to  realize  the  folly  of  their  too  ready 
alliance  with  Philip,  and  put  themselves  into  communication 
with  the  authorities  at  Connecticut,  either  with  a  view  to  real 
peace,  or  for  the  purpose  of  gaining  time  by  a  pretence  of  peace¬ 
ful  negotiations ;  at  any  rate  the  English  entered  into  the  nego¬ 
tiations  with  great  zeal,  and  sought  to  turn  the  home  tribes 
against  Philip  and  the  Narragansets.  A  price  was  set  upon 
Philip’s  head,  whereupon  that  chieftain  betook  himself  with  his 
faithful  followers  to  safer  solitudes  up  the  river ;  and  now,  pend¬ 
ing  these  negotiations,  the  Indians  gathered  to  the  fishing  places 
upon  the  river  in  large  numbers,  hoping  here  to  supply  their 
wants  and  secure  a  stock  of  provisions  till  they  could  accomplish 
the  destruction  of  the  towns  and  secure  the  corn  and  cattle  of 
the  English.  Knowing  that  the  garrisons  were  small,  and  feeling 
secure  from  attack  both  by  numbers  and  distance,  they  grew 
careless  in  sending  scouts  or  placing  guards.  They  had  no  sus¬ 
picion  of  the  growing  resolution  of  the  English  to  take  the  offen¬ 
sive,  nor  any  information  of  their  preparations.  A  large  body  of 
the  Indians  were  gathered  near  the  “Upper  Falls”  of  the  Con¬ 
necticut,  divided  into  several  parties,  one  of  which  was  located 
on  the  high  ground  on  the  right  bank  at  the  head  of  the  Fall, 
another  on  the  opposite  bank,  and  a  third  at  what  is  known  now 
as  “  Smead’s  Island,”  about  a  mile  below,  and  all  were  intent 
upon  their  fishing.  Hearing,  however,  that  the  English  had 
turned  some  of  their  cattle  out  into  Hatfield  meadows,  a  detach¬ 
ment  was  sent  out  upon  May  12th,  and  succeeded  in  “  stamped¬ 
ing  ”  about  seventy  head  of  these  cattle,  and  driving  them  safely 
into  the  woods.  This  fresh  outrage  was  carried  out  with  impu¬ 
nity,  and  so  enraged  the  English  that  they  urged  to  be  led  out 
against  their  enemies  at  once,  and  when  Reed,  above  mentioned, 
came  in  on  May  15th,  and  disclosed  the  carelessness  of  the 
Indians,  it  was  resolved  to  wait  no  longer,  but  to  gather  the 


244 


king  philip’s  war. 


forces  and  strike  a  blow,  and  on  that  day  Rev.  John  Russell 
writes  a  letter  to  the  Council  at  Connecticut,  informing  them  of 
their  situation  and  giving  general  news.  He  speaks  of  their 
“  visitation  ”  by  the  epidemic  distemper  or  malignant  cold  which 
had  prevailed  at  Connecticut  (and  of  which  Mr.  Mather  wrote 
that  he  could  not  hear  of  a  family  in  New  England  that  wholly 
escaped)  ;  of  the  peaceful  election  at  Boston  on  May  3d,  and  the 
return  of  Mrs.  Rowlandson  from  captivity  on  that  day,  and  letters 
from  Philip,  the  “  Old  Queen  ”  and  other  sachems,  proposing 
terms  of  peace.  He  gives  the  news  from  Europe,  the  sufferings 
of  non-conformists,  and  of  a  great  naval  battle  between  the 
French  and  Dutch.  Only  an  extract  is  here  given,  being  the 
closing  part  which  relates  to  the  Indian  war.  The  letter  is  dated 
Hadley,  May  15th.  The  postscript  is  by  the  military  officers. 

.  This  morning  about  sunrise  came  into  Hatfield  one 
Thomas  Reede  a  soldier  who  was  taken  captive  when  Deacon  Good¬ 
man  was  slain.  He  relates  that  they  are  now  planting  at  Deerfield  and 
have  been  so  these  three  or  four  days  or  more,  saith  further  that  they 
dwell  at  the  Falls  on  both  sides  the  river,  are  a  considerable  number, 
yet  most  of  them  old  men  and  women.  He  cannot  judge  that  there 
are  on  both  sides  of  the  river  above  60  or  70  fighting-men.  They  are 
secure  and  scornful,  boasting  of  great  things  they  have  done  and  will 
do.  There  is  Thomas  Fames  his  daughter  and  child  hardly  used  ;  one 
or  two  belonging  to  Medfield  and  I  think  two  children  belonging  to 
Lancaster.  The  night  before  last  they  came  down  to  Hatfield  upper 
meadow,  and  have  driven  away  many  horses  and  cattle  to  the  number 
of  fourscore  and  upwards  as  they  judge.  Many  of  these  this  man  saw 
in  Deerfield  meadow,  and  found  the  bars  put  up  to  keep  them  iu.  This 
being  the  state  of  things,  we  think  the  Lord  calls  us  to  make  some 
trial  what  may  be  done  against  them  suddenly  without  further  delay ; 
and  therefore  the  concurring  resolution  of  men  here  seems  to  be  to  go 
out  against  them  tomorrow  night,  so  as  to  be  with  them,  the  Lord 
assisting,  before  break  of  day.  We  need  guidance  and  help  from 
heaven.  We  humbly  beg  your  prayers,  advice  and  help  if  it  may  be. 
And  therewith  committing  you  to  the  guidance  and  blessing  of  the 
most  High,  Remain  Your  Worship’s  in  all  humble  service. 

John  Russell. 

Although  this  man  speaks  of  their  number  as  he  judgeth  yet  they 
may  be  many  more,  for  we  perceive  their  number  varies,  and  they  are 
going  and  coming,  so  that  there  is  no  trust  to  his  guess. 

*  William  Turner, 

John  Lyman, 

Isaac  Graves. 

Preparations  had  been  completed  for  several  days,  and  the  men, 
gathered  from  the  inhabitants  and  soldiers  of  the  several  towns 
and  garrisons,  were  appointed  to  meet  at  Hatfield  at  the  summons 
of  the  commander.  Day  after  day  passed,  while  they  waited 
impatiently  the  company  which  Connecticut  authorities  had 


THE  MARCH  AGAINST  THE  INDIANS. 


245 


ordered  to  march  to  their  assistance.  These,  delayed  in  turn  by 
the  failure  of  the  Sachems  to  appear  at  a  promised  meeting,  and 
fearing  to  make  any  hostile  movement  while  English  captives 
were  held  by  the  Indians,  did  not  move,  and  so  on  May  18th  Capt. 
Turner  gathered  all  his  available  force  at  Hatfield,  numbering  up¬ 
wards  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  rank  and  file.  Of  the  garrison 
soldiers  I  think  only  volunteers  were  taken  in  this  expedition,  as 
it  would  not  be  safe  to  weaken  the  garrison  by  withdrawing  a 
large  number  of  the  men  away  from  the  defence  of  the  towns, 
which  was  their  proper  service.  A  comparison  of  the  lists  below 
will  show  that  a  very  small  number  of  eastern  soldiers  are  among 
the  claimants,  though  the  list  of  killed  has  many  names  not  rep¬ 
resented  there.  A  very  large  part  of  Capt.  Turner’s  original  com¬ 
pany  had  marched  home  to  Boston  on  April  7th,  leaving  him  with 
a  company  of  single  men,  boys  and  servants,  selected  from  Major 
Savage’s  forces,  for  garrison  duty.  Of  this  expedition  the  offi¬ 
cers  were  William  Turner,  Captain ;  Samuel  Holyoke,  Lieut. ; 
Isaiah  Toy  (or  Tay)  and  John  Lyman,  Ensigns ;  Rev.  Hope  Ath¬ 
erton,  Chaplain ;  John  Dickinson  and  Joseph  Kellogg,  Sergeants  ; 
Experience  Hinsdell  and  Benjamin  Wait  were  guides. 

This  company  of  volunteers,  thus  officered,  and  more  than  one 
half  inhabitants  of  the  several  river  towns,  mounted  upon  their 
own  horses,  and  armed  as  each  might  be  able,  or  from  the  gar¬ 
risons,  took  up  the  line  of  march  in  the  evening  of  May  18th, 
from  Hatfield  towards  the  Falls,  twenty  miles  away,  through  the 
woods.  Taking  their  way  northward  through  Hatfield  meadows 
and  on  by  the  road  where  both  Lathrop  and  Beers  had  met  dis¬ 
aster  and  death,  past  the  ruins  of  Deerfield,  they  crossed  the  river 
at  the  northerly  part  of  the  meadow  (a  late  high  authority  says 
“at  the  mouth  of  Sheldon’s  brook”),  and  thus  eluded  the 
Indian  outpost  stationed  at  a  place  “now  called  Cheapside,”  to 
guard  the  usual  place  of  crossing.  These  Indians,  it  is  said,  over¬ 
heard  the  crossing  of  the  troops  and  turned  out  with  torches,  and 
examined  the  usual  ford,  but  finding  no  traces  there  and  hearing 
no  further  disturbance,  concluded  that  the  noise  was  made  by 
moose,  crossing,  and  so  went  back  to  their  sleep.  A  heavy 
thunder  shower  during  the  night  greatly  aided  the  secrecy  of  the 
march,  while  it  drove  the  Indians  to  their  wigwams  and  pre¬ 
vented  any  suspicion  of  an  attack.  This  danger  safely  passed, 
the  troops  rode  forward  through  Greenfield  meadow,  and,  crossing 
Green  river  “  at  the  mouth  of  Ash-swamp  brook  to  the  eastward, 
skirting  the  great  swamp  ”  (says  Mr.  Sheldon),  they  at  length, 
about  daybreak,  reached  the  high  land  just  south  of  Mount 
Adams,  where  the  men  dismounted,  and  leaving  the  horses  under 
a  small  guard,  pushed  on  through  Fall  river  and  up  a  steep  hill, 
and  halted  and  silently  awaited  daylight  upon  the  slope  (now  on 
the  farm  of  Mr.  Stoughton,  it  is  said),  above  the  sleeping  Indian 
camp.  Here  all  was  wrapped  in  profound  sleep.  It  is  said  a 


246 


king  philip’s  war. 


great  feast  had  been  celebrated  the  night  before  by  the  Indians, 
at  which  they  had  gorged  themselves  with  fresh  salmon  from  the 
river,  and  beef  and  new  milk  from  the  Hatfield  cattle.  Not  a 
guard  had  been  set,  and  no  precaution  had  been  made,  so  secure 
were  they  and  unsuspicious  of  an  English  raid.  And  now  with 
advancing  daylight  the  sturdy  settlers  gather  silently  down  and 
about  their  unconscious  foes,  to  whom  the  first  warning  of  danger 
was  the  crashing  of  a  hundred  muskets,  dealing  death  in  at  their 
wigwam  doors.  Many  were  killed  at  the  first  fire,  and  scarcely  a 
show  of  resistance  was  made.  The  savages  who  escaped  the  first 
fire  were  terrified  at  the  thought  that  their  old  enemy  was  upon 
them,  and  fled  towards  the  river,  yelling  “  Mohawks  !  Mohawks  !  ” 
and  wildly  threw  themselves  into  the  canoes  along  the  banks, 
but  many  of  these,  overcrowding  the  canoes,  were  thrown  into 
the  river  and  carried  over  the  falls  to  certain  death ;  others  were 
shot  in  attempting  to  reach  the  other  side ;  others  were  chased  to 
the  shelving  rocks  along  the  banks  and  there  shot  down.  It  is 
said  that  Capt.  Holyoke  there  despatched  five  with  his  own  hand. 
Very  few  of  the  Indians  escaped,  and  their  loss  was  computed  by 
contemporary  writers  at  three  hundred.  One  only  of  the  English 
was  killed,  and  he  by  mistake,  by  one  of  his  comrades,  and  an¬ 
other  was  wounded  in  this  attack.  The  soldiers  burned  all  the 
wigwams  and  their  contents,  captured  the  tools  of  the  Indian 
blacksmiths  who  had  set  up  two  forges  for  mending  arms,  and 
threw  “  two  great  Piggs  of  lead  (intended  for  making  bullets) 
into  the  river.”  But  while  this  was  being  accomplished,  the 
several  larger  bodies  of  Indians  upon  the  river  above  and  below 
rallied,  and  from  various  quarters  gathered  in  and  about  the 
English.  A  small  party  as  decoys  showed  themselves  crossing 
the  river  above,  and  succeeded  in  drawing  a  portion  of  our  force 
away  from  the  main  body  only  to  meet  a  large  force  and  to  re¬ 
gain  the  command  with  difficulty.  Capt.  Turner,  enfeebled  as  he 
was  by  his  disease,  collected  and  drew  off  his  troops  towards  the 
horses,  where  the  guards  were  about  this  time  attacked  by  the 
enemy,  who  hastily  withdrew  at  the  coming  of  the  main  body. 
Mounting  their  horses,  the  English  began  the  march  for  Hatfield. 
The  Indians  in  increasing  numbers  gathered  upon  flank  and  rear. 
Capt.  Turner  led  the  van,  though  so  weak  from  long  sickness  as 
scarcely  able  to  manage  his  horse.  The  intrepid  Capt.  Holyoke 
commanded  the  rear  guard,  but  in  effect  conducted  the  retreat. 
The  Indians  advanced  upon  the  left  and  rear,  and  several  sharp 
skirmishes  ensued  while  they  tried  to  separate  the  rear  guard 
from  the  main.  Once  Capt.  Holyoke’s  horse  was  shot  down,  and 
he  narrowly  escaped  capture  by  the  Indians,  who  rushed  forward 
to  seize  him,  by  shooting  down  the  foremost  with  his  pistols,  till 
his  men  came  to  his  aid.  On  the  left  of  the  line  of  march,  nearly 
all  the  way  to  Green  river,  was  a  swamp  in  which  the  Indians 
found  safe  cover.  A  rumor  was  started  (by  an  escaped  captive, 


SLAIN  AT  THE  “  FALLS  FIGHT.” 


247 


it  is  said)  that  Philip  with  a  thousand  warriors  was  at  hand,  and 
a  panic  ensued.  The  guides  differed  as  to  the  course,  and  some 
following  one  and  some  another,  disorder  prevailed,  and  the  com¬ 
mand  was  broken  up.  Two  parties  leaving  the  main  body  were 
cut  off  and  lost.  Capt.  Turner  pushed  forward  with  the  advance 
as  far  as  Green  river,  and  was  shot  by  the  Indians  while  crossing 
the  stream,  near  the  mouth  of  the  brook  upon  which  afterwards 
stood  “  Nash’s  ”  Mill.  His  body  was  found  near  the  place  by  a 
scouting  party  a  short  time  afterwards. 

The  whole  command  now  devolved  upon  Capt.  Holyoke,  who 
led  his  shattered  force,  fighting  every  rod  of  the  way,  to  the  south 
side  of  Deerfield  meadow  to  the  place  known  as  the  “  Bars.” 
That  the  retreat  did  not  end  in  a  general  massacre  is  doubtless 
due  to  the  skill  and  bravery  of  Capt.  Holyoke  in  keeping  the 
main  body  together,  and  in  protecting  flank  and  rear  while  push¬ 
ing  forward  to  avoid  the  chance  of  ambuscades.  As  it  was,  they 
found,  on  arriving  at  Hatfield,  that  some  forty-five  or  more  of 
their  men  were  missing.  Rev.  Mr.  Russell’s  letter  of  May  22d 
gives  some  account  of  the  losses,  and  says  that  six  of  the  missing 
have  come  in,  reducing  the  number  of  the  lost  to  thirty-eight  or 
thirty-nine.  Of  the  Indian  losses  he  gives  the  report  of  Sergt. 
Bardwell  that  he  counted  upwards  of  one  hundred  in  and  about 
the  wigwams  and  along  the  river  banks,  and  the  testimony  of 
William  Drew  and  others  that  they  counted  some  “  six-score  and 
ten.”  “  Hence  we  cannot  but  judge  that  there  were  above  200 
of  them  slain.” 

Of  the  slain  of  our  soldiers  the  following  list  is  taken  from  the 
best  available  authorities.  The  battle  and  the  leader  are  perpetu¬ 
ated  in  the  name  “  Turner’s  Falls,”  applied  to  the  scene  of  the 
fight. 

Capt.  William  Turner,  Boston. 

Serg‘  John  Dickinson,  Hatfield. 

William  Allis,  “ 

John  Colfax,  “ 

Samuel  Gillet,  u 

Experience  Hinsdell,  Hadley. 

John  Church,  “ 

Samuel  Crow,  “ 

Thomas  Elgar,  “ 

Isaac  Harrison,  “ 

John  Taylor,  Hadley. 

Edward  Hodgman,  Springfield. 

George  Hewes,  “ 

Joseph  Pike,  “ 

James  Bennet,  Northampton. 

John  Miller,  “ 

John  Walker,  “ 

Jabez  Duncan,  Worcester. 

John  Ashdowne,  Weymouth. 

The  residence  of  the  last  thirteen  not  known. 


Nathaniel  Sutliff,  Deerfield. 
John  Hadlock,  Roxbury. 
Samuel  Veze,  Braintree. 
Josiah  Mann,  Boston. 

John  Whitteridge,  Salem. 
George  Buckley. 

Jacob  Burton. 

John  Foster. 

Joseph  Fowler. 

Peter  Gerin. 

John  Langbury. 

Thomas  Lyon. 

Samuel  Rainsford. 

Thomas  Roberts. 

George  Ruggles. 

John  Symms. 

John  Watson. 

William  Howard. 


248 


king  philip’s  war. 

The  two  servants  mentioned  in  the  following  petition  were 
doubtless  apprentices  whose  service  was  needed  by  widow  Turner 
about  the  Captain’s  business,  now  left  to  her  management. 
Buckman  (or  Bucknam)  may  have  been  of  Charlestown,  son  of 
William.  His  name  appears  in  a  later  ledger  of  John  Hull,  and 
John  Sawdy  was  probably  son  of  John  of  Boston. 

To  the  Honourable  G-ouvener  And  Councill  Now  Assembled  In  Boston. 

The  Humble  petition  of  Mary  Turnor 

Humbly  showetk  that  whereas  your  poor  petitioner  hath  lost  her 
husband  in  the  Services  of  the  Country  Ingaging  Against  the  Barbarious 
&  Cruell  Heathen  the  Enemy  thereof  And  having  now  still  two  servants 
named  John  Sawdy  And  Samuell  Buckman  who  went  out  with  him  in 
the  Country’s  service  att  hadley  my  widowhood  estate  &  Condition  for 
want  of  Convenient  supply  of  maintenances  makes  me  Bold  to  supli- 
cate  your  honours  for  An  order  for  theire  Releas  &  discharge  from  the 
place  to  which  att  present  they  do  belong  &  that  your  honours  will  so 
far  Consider  my  Condition  as  to  order  me  pay  for  whatt  Is  In  your 
honours  Judgment  my  Just :  &  Consider  me  In  Respect  of  the  Loss  of 
my  Husband  as  your  honours  shall  see  mette  which  shall  further 
Ingage  your  poor  petitioner  to  pray  for  your  honors  &  this  Countries 
peace  &  prosperity. 

[Endorsed] — Mrs.  Turners  petition,  26  June  1676. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  21. 


Soldiers  credited  under  Capt.  William  Turner : 


April  24th  1676. 

Edward  Drinker 

05 

11 

06 

John  Cunneball 

01 

04 

00 

Samuel  Holmes 

00 

08 

06 

June  24th  1676. 

Samuel  Davis 

01 

17 

08 

John  Coniball 

02 

04 

06 

Richard  Cheever 

03 

12 

10 

John  Broughton 

02 

10 

06 

Robert  Seares 

03 

06 

00 

Samuel  Judkins 

02 

04 

06 

William  Turner,  Capt. 

07 

00 

00 

Isaiah  Toy 

02 

04 

06 

Ezekiel  Gilman 

03 

08 

00 

William  Parsons  ) 

AK 

1  1 

AA 

Hoo  Steward 

02 

04 

06 

Joseph  Gallop  j 

uo 

1 1 

uu 

Robert  Bryan 

02 

04 

06 

William  Jameson 

02 

10 

06 

Elias  Stiff 

02 

04 

06 

James  Knott 

02 

12 

00 

Henry  Beresford 

02 

10 

06 

Matthias  Smith 

02 

02 

10 

Jonathan  Orris 

02 

04 

06 

William  Clough 

02 

08 

10 

Edward  Creek 

Edward  Wright 

02 

14 

00 

Henry  Finch  > 

10 

02 

00 

Joseph  Lamson 

01 

16 

00 

John  Avis  ) 

Joseph  Bicknell 

01 

16 

00 

Henry  Kerby 

02 

04 

06 

William  Turner 

03 

18 

00 

Thomas  Elliott 

02 

12 

00 

Joseph  Priest 

02 

04 

06 

Henry  Wright 

00 

06 

00 

Henry  Dason 

02 

04 

06 

Bartholomew  Whitwell 

02 

04 

06 

Thomas  Barnard 

02 

12 

00 

Thomas  Skinner 

03 

04 

09 

Philip  Squire 

01 

08 

00 

Richard  Knight 

02 

04 

06 

Ephraim  Roper 

04 

10 

10 

Percivall  Clark 

02 

04 

06 

Joseph  Bateman 

01 

16 

10 

Mark  Wood 

02 

04 

06 

SOLDIERS 

IN 

THE 

“falls  fight.” 

249 

July  24  1676. 

John  Sherly 

05 

14 

00 

Thomas  Brissenden 

04 

16 

00 

Edward  Samson 

01 

17 

08 

John  Newman 

05 

03 

09 

Josiah  Mann 

03 

13 

08 

John  Simple 

02 

04 

06 

John  Smith 

00 

10  02 

August  24th  1676. 

Sept.  23d  1676. 

William  Turner,  Capt. 

06 

06 

06 

Thomas  Bond 

00 

06 

00 

Samuel  Gallop 

02 

03 

08 

Thomas  Lyon 

10 

04 

00 

Philip  Jessop 

03 

13 

08 

Roger  Jones 

08 

08 

00 

William  Turner 

05 

08 

06 

The  credits  above  mostly  represent  those  soldiers  who  served 
under  Capt.  Turner  from  February  20th  until  April  7th,  and  the 
sum  <£02  04s.  06d.  covers  the  time  until  their  arrival  home, 
about  seven  weeks  and  five  days  from  their  marching  away. 
After  April  7th,  those  of  his  soldiers  who  remained  in  the  West 
received  credit  at  the  several  garrisons  at  which  they  were 
located,  and  their  names  will  appear  in  that  connection ;  and  this 
is  the  reason  that  so  few  who  were  in  the  “Falls  Fight”  are 
credited  as  serving  under  Capt.  Turner.  After  his  death  the 
officers  of  the  garrison  signed  their  vouchers. 

The  following  list  is  the  most  important  of  all  these  that  are 
preserved  pertaining  to  the  soldiers  of  Capt.  Turner,  as  it  con¬ 
tains  the  names  of  all  the  soldiers  of  whom  the  committee  could 
find  any  trace.  The  grant  was  made  of  a  township  of  land,  as 
near  as  might  be  to  the  scene  of  the  “  Falls  Fight,”  to  all  officers 
and  soldiers  who  were  engaged  therein.  This  alphabetical  list 
was  evidently  kept  in  the  hands  of  the  committee,  and  new 
names  are  added  in  different  hands  through  several  years.  A 
few  fragmentary  papers  are  preserved  in  the  archives  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  this  list,  that  show  the  methods  of  proving  and  identi¬ 
fying  claims.  A  certificate  from  John  Bradshaw,  still  alive  in 
February,  1735,  declares  that  himself,  Mr.  Isaiah  Tay,  late  of 
Boston,  deceased,  who  was  a  lieutenant  under  Capt.  Turner, 
and  Nathaniel  Pierce,  of  Woburn,  were  in  the  fight.  John 
Dunkin,  of  Worcester,  certifies,  April  1st,  1735,  that  his  uncle 
Jabez  Dunkin  was  killed  in  the  fight,  and  applies  as  his  proper 
heir.  John  Chase,  of  Newbury,  certifies  that  he  was  in  the 
expedition  with  Capt.  Turner,  and  helped  to  bury  him,  and  that 
Samuel  Coleby,  late  of  Almsbury,  deceased,  was  with  him. 
Some  other  papers  of  like  tenor  are  preserved,  and  several  frag¬ 
ments  of  evidence  from  town  and  church  records,  showing  that 
the  committee  demanded  proofs  before  granting  the  claims.  The 
residences  of  the  soldiers  were  given  according  to  the  best  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  committee,  very  often  at  loss  for  any  information 
after  the  lapse  of  sixty  years.  Many  of  the  soldiers,  after  the 
war,  had  removed  to  interior  towns,  and  their  descendants  to  dif¬ 
ferent  States,  and  sometimes  the  present  residence  of  the  claimant 
would  be  given  as  the  supposed  home  of  the  soldier  ancestor. 
Very  many  of  the  soldiers  from  the  East  were  single  men,  boys 


250 


king  philip’s  war. 


and  apprentices,  and  when  these  were  killed  their  names  were 
soon  lost,  unless  some  record  was  made.  At  Northampton  a 
record  of  the  death  of  thirteen  of  the  soldiers,  who  had  been  in 
garrison  there,  together  with  that  of  Capt.  Turner,  is  found  upon 
the  town  books  under  date  of  May  19,  1676,  with  the  comment, 
“all  slain  by  Indians.”  The  committee  finding  this  record,  and 
not  knowing  otherwise,  assigned  Northampton,  or  “North,”  as 
their  residence.  It  will  be  seen  that  one  hundred  and  thirty-five 
names  appear,  while  up  to  1741  only  ninety-nine  claimants  had 
been  admitted.  This  may  be  explained  by  the  fact  that  so  many 
of  those  engaged  in  the  affair  were  strangers  in  the  colony,  or 
mere  boys,  who  left  no  legal  claimants  in  this  country.  In  other 
cases  it  would  be  difficult  to  prove  relationship  such  as  would 
entitle  to  a  claim,  especially  when  the  soldier  ancestor  had 
removed  to  a  distant  part  of  the  country. 


A  List  of  ye  Soldiers  y‘  were  in  ye 
approved  off  by  ye  Committee  of 

Allexander,  Nath11,  N.  Hamph 
Alvard,  Thom8,  Hadfield. 

Atherton,  Hope,  Hatfield. 
Ashdown,  John. 

Arms,  William,  Hadley. 

Baker,  Timothy,  North  Hampt. 
Bedortha,  Sam11,  Springfield. 
Bennett,  James,  South  Hampt. 
Barber,  John,  Springfield. 

Burnap,  John. 

Bradshaw,  John,  Medford. 

Burnitt,  John,  Windham. 

Bushrod,  Peter,  Northampton. 
Boultwood,  Sam11,  Hadley. 
Bardwell,  Robt\  Hatfield. 

Ball,  Sam11,  Springfield. 

Burton,  Jacob,  North. 

Beers,  Richard,  of  Watertown,  eld¬ 
est  son  of  Elnathan  Beers. 
Belding,  Sam11. 

Clap,  Preserved,  Northampton. 
Fowler,  Joseph,  North. 

Flanders,  John. 

Foot,  Nath11,  Hatfield. 

Gleason,  Isaac,  Spring. 

Grover,  Simon,  Boston. 

Gerrin,1  Peter,  North. 

Griffin,  Joseph,  Roxbury. 
Hitchcock,  John,  Springfield. 
Hitchcock,  Luke,  Springfield. 

1  In  the  Northampton  records  Peter  Jerrin. 
places,  Peter  Jennings  and  Peter  Gennings.  ' 


Fall  Fight  under  Capt.  Wm  Turner, 
eGen.  Court.  (Dated  June,  1736.) 

Hadlock,  John. 

Hoit,  David,  Hadley. 

Hawks,  John,  Hadley. 

Hawks,  Eleazr,  Hadley. 

Howard,  William,  North. 
Harrison,  Isaac,  Hadley. 

Hughs,  George,  Spring. 

Hinsdell,  Experience,  Hadley. 
Hodgman,  Edward,  Spring. 

Hunt,  Sam11,  Billerica. 

Harwood,  James. 

Ingram,  John,  Hadley. 

Jones,  Sam1. 

Jones,  Robertt. 

Jilett,  Sam11,  Hatfield. 

James,  Abell,  North. 

King,  John,  North. 

Keett,  Franc.  Northamton. 
Kellogg,  Joseph,  Hadley. 

Lee,  John,  Westfield. 

Lyman,  John,  North. 

Leeds,  Joseph,  Dorchester. 
Leonard,  Josiah,  Spring. 
Langbury,  John,  North. 

Lyon,  Thomas,  North. 

Miller,  John,  North. 

Merry,  Cornelius,  North. 

Morgan,  Isaac,  Springfield. 
Morgan,  Jonathan,  Spring. 

Miller,  Thomas,  Spring. 

Hull’s  accounts  two  persons  appear  in  different 
i  may  be  one  of  the  two. 


251 


LIST  OF  TURNER’S  MEN. 


Mun,  James,  Alive :  Colchester. 
Mun,  John,  Deerfield. 

Monteague,  Peter,  Hadley. 

Mattoon,  Phillip,  Hadley. 

Man,  Josiah. 

Nims,  Godfrey,  North. 

Newbury,  Tryall,  Boston. 

Old,  Robert,  Spring. 

Chapin,  Japhett,  Springfield. 

Crow,  Sam11,  Hadley. 

Crowfott,  Joseph,  Springfield. 

Clark,  William,  Northampton. 
Church,  John,  Hadley. 

Coleman,  Noah,  Hadley. 
Chamberlain,  Benja.,  Hadley. 
Chamberlain,  Joseph. 

Colfax,  John,  Hatfield. 

Cunnaball,  John,  Boston. 

Chase,  John,  Almsbury. 

Coleby,  John,  Almsbury. 

Dickenson,  John,  Hadley. 

Drew,  Wra,  Hadley. 

Dickenson,  Nehemiah,  Hadley. 
Dunkin,  Jabez,  Worcester. 

Edwards,  Benj%  North. 

Elgar,  Thomas,  Hadley. 

Fuller,  Joseph,  Newtown. 

Feild,  Samuel,  Hatfield. 

Forster,  John,  North. 

Pumroy,  Medad,  North. 

Price,  Robert,  North. 

Pike,  Joseph,  Spring. 

Pumroy,  Caleb,  North. 

Preston,  John,  Hadley. 

Pratt,  John,  Malden. 

Pressey,  John,  Almsbury. 

Pearse,  Nath1,  Woburn. 

Rogers,  Henery,  Spring. 

Endorsement  of  the  committee : 


Roberts,  Thomas,  North. 
Ransford,  Sam11,  North. 
Ruggles,  George,  North. 

Read,  Thomas,  Westford. 
Roper,  Ephra. 

Siky,  Nath11. 

Suttleife,  Nath11,  Hadley. 
Stebins,  Sam11,  Springfield. 
Stebins,  Benoni,  North. 

Stebins,  Thomas,  Springfield. 
Smeade,  Wm,  Northampton. 
Smith,  John,  Hadley. 
Stephenson,  James,  Springf. 
Seldin,  Joseph,  Hadley. 

Scott,  Wm,  Hatfield. 

Salter,  John,  Charlestown. 
Simonds,  John. 

(Smith,  Rich1.)1 
Turner,  Capt.  Wm,  now  Swan’y. 
Tay,  Isaiah,  L‘.,  Boston. 
Thomas,  Benja,  Spring. 

Taylor,  John. 

Taylor,  Jonathan,  Spring*1. 
Tyley,  Sam11. 

Yeazy,  Sam11,  Brantrey. 

Wright,  James,  North. 

Webb,  John,  North. 

Webb,  Richard,  North. 

Waite,  Benjamin,  Hatfield. 
Witteridge,  John,  North. 
Walker,  John,  North. 

Webber,  Eleazr. 

Wattson,  John. 

Wells,  Thomas,  Hadley. 

White,  Henry,  Hadley. 
Warriner,  Joseph,  Hadley. 
Wells,  Jonathan,  Hadley. 
Worthington,  Wm. 


By  ye  best  Accott  we  can  come  at  ye  foregoing  is  a  true  list  of  y®  Sol¬ 
diers  y‘  were  in  y®  falls  fight  wth  ye  Indians  under  Capt.  Turner  &  for 
ought  appears  to  us  at  present  yer  Descendants  according  to  y®  acts  of 
ye  General  Court  are  to  be  admitted  to  share  in  y®  Grant  of  ye  town¬ 
ship  above  Deerfield  granted  them. 

The  following  list  of  claimants  was  admitted  June  23d,  1736, 
and  the  name  of  John  Scott,  of  Elbows,  was  added,  doubtless 
before  the  report  was  accepted,  and  the  figures  also  were  changed. 
Thos.  Wells,  of  Deerfield,  was  then  appointed  agent  for  the  pro- 

1  This  name  is  in  the  margin,  and  was  added  after  the  list  was  made  out. 


252 


king  philip’s  war. 


prietors.  Lots  were  drawn  to  the  claimants  according  to  the 
above  list,  and  the  settlement  progressed.  A  previous  grant  to 
Mr.  Fairweather  of  five  hundred  acres,  together  with  much  moun¬ 
tainous  and  waste  land,  reduced  the  original  grant  of  six  miles 
square  to  a  tract  of  far  less  value,  so  that  in  1741,  when  new 
claimants  began  to  appear,  the  proprietors  petitioned  for  and 
obtained  another  tract  lying  contiguous,  a  “  gore  ”  not  yet  covered 
by  any  previous  grant.  Two  new  claimants,  Samuel  Coleby, 
eldest  son  of  Samuel  Coleby,  of  Almsbury,  and  Tryall  Newbury, 
of  Malden,  were  admitted  to  first  choice  of  lots  on  the  new  tract, 
by  act  of  the  Court  August  1,  1741.  Perhaps  later  claimants 
were  admitted.  The  grant  embraced  the  present  town  of  Ber- 
nardston  (at  first  called  “  Falltown  ”  ),  Colraine,  Leyden,  etc. 
The  names  of  descendants  stand  first  in  the  list. 


A  list  of  Soldiers  and  Descndts  of  such  as  are  Deceased  that  were  in 
the  fight  called  the  falls  fight  above  Dearfield  who  are  intituled  to 
the  township  granted  by  the  Generali  Court,  as  follows  : 

Joseph  Atherton,  Deerfield,  only  son  of  Hope  Atherton. 

Nath1  Allexander,  Northampton,  Nath  Alexander. 

Thomas  A 1  ward,  Middleton,  eldest  son  of  Thom:  Alvard. 
John  Arms,  Dearfield,  son  William  Arms. 

John  Baker,  Northampton,  son  of  Timothy  Baker. 

Samuel  Bedortha,  Springfield,  son  of  Sam:  Bedortha. 

John  Field,  Dearfield,  Dsc’nd4  James  Bennett. 

John  Barbur,  Springfield,  son  John  Barbur. 

John  Bradshaw,  Medford,  John  Bradshaw. 

Isaac  Burnap,  Windham,  son  John  Burnap. 

Sam1  Clesson,  Northampton,  Desc4  Peter  Bushrod. 

Sam1  Boltwood,  Hadley,  son  Sam:  Boltwood. 

Sam1  Bardwell,  Dearfd,  son  Rob1  Bardwell. 

John  Hitchcock,  Springfield,  Descend.  Samll:  Ball. 

Stephen  Beldin,  No4hampton,  son  Stephen  Beldin. 

Richard  Beers,  Watertown,  son  Elnathan  Beers. 

Samuell  Beldin,  Hatfd,  Sam11  Beldin. 

Preserved  Clap,  N4hampton,  son  Preserved  Clap. 

Thomas  Chapin,  Springfield,  son  Japheth  Chapin. 

Samuell  Crow,  Hadley,  son  Samuell  Crow. 

Joseph  Crowfoot,  Wethersfield,  Descend1  Joseph  Crowfoot. 
William  Clark,  Lebanon,  son  William  Clark. 

Noah  Cook,  Hadley,  Descend1  Noah  Coleman. 

Benja  Chamberlain,  Colchester,  Benja  Chamberlain. 

Nathu  Chamberlain,  Descend4  Joseph  Chamberlain. 

Sam11  Cunniball,  Boston,  son  John  Cunniball. 

John  Chase,  Newbury,  John  Chase. 

William  Dickeson,  Hadley,  son  Nehemiah  Dickeson. 

Samuell  Jellet,  Hatfield,  Descen4  John  Dickeson. 

Benja  Edwards,  N.  Hampton,  son  Benja  Edwards. 

Joseph  Fuller,  Newtown,  Joseph  Fuller. 

Sam11  Feild,  Dearfeild,  son  Sam11  Feild. 


GRANTEES  AND  DESCENDANTS. 


253 


Nath11  Foot,  Colchester,  son  Nath:  Foot. 

John  Flanders,  Kingston,  son  John  Flanders. 

Isaac  Gleeson,  endfield,  son  Isaac  Gleason. 

Richard  Church,  Hadley,  Desc1  Isaac  Harrison. 

Simon  Grover,  Malden,  son  of  Simon  Grover. 

Samuell  Griff en,  Roxbury,  son  Joseph  Griff en. 

John  Hitchcock,  Springfd,  son  John  Hitchcock. 

Luke  Hitchcock,  Springfd,  son  Luke  Hitchcock. 

Jonathan  Hoit,  Dearfd,  son  David  Hoit. 

Jonathan  Scott,  Waterbury,  Descend1  John  Hawks. 
Eleaser  Hawks,  Dearfd,  son  Eleaser  Hawks. 

James  Harwood,  Concord,  son  James  Harwood. 

John  Doud,  Middleton,  Descend1  Experience  Hinsdell. 
Samuell  Hunt,  Tewsbury,  Samuell  Hunt. 

William  James,  Lebanon,  son  Abell  James. 

John  ingram,  Hadley,  son  John  ingram. 

Sam11  Jellet,  Hatfield,  son  Sam11  Jellett. 

William  Jones,  Almsbury,  son  Robert  Jones. 

Medad  King,  N  hampton,  son  John  King. 

Francis  Keet,  N  hampton,  son  Francis  Keet. 

Martin  Kellog,  Suffield,  son  Joseph  Kellog. 

John  Lee,  Westfield,  son  John  Lee. 

John  Lyman,  N  hampton,  son  John  Lyman. 

Joseph  Leeds,  Dorchester,  son  Joseph  Leeds. 

Josiah  Leonard,  Springfd,  son  Josiah  Leonard.  . 

John  Merry,  Long  Island,  son  Cornelius  Merry. 

Stephen  Noble,  formerly  of  endfield,  Desnt  Isaac  Morgan. 
Jonathan  Morgan,  Springfd,  son  Jonathan  Morgan. 
Thomas  Miller,  Springfd,  son  Thomas  Miller. 

James  Mun,  Colchester,  James  Mun. 

Benja  Mun,  Dearfield,  son  John  Mun. 

John  Mattoon,  Wallingford,  son  Phillip  Mattoon. 

John  Nims,  Dearfd,  son  Godfrey  Nims. 

Ebenezer  Pumroy,  N  hampton,  son  Medad  Pumroy. 

Sam11  Pumroy,  N.  H.,  son  Caleb  Pumroy. 

Samuell  Price,  Glassenbury,  son  Robert  Price. 

Sam11  Preston,  Hadley,  Des‘  John  Preston. 

Thomas  Pratt,  Malden,  son  John  Pratt. 

John  Pressey,  Almsbury,  son  John  Pressey. 

Henry  Rogers,  Springfd,  son  Henry  Rogers. 

John  Reed,  Westford,  son  Thomas  Reed. 

Nath11  Sikes,  Springfd,  son  Nath11  Sikes. 

Nath11  Sutliff,  Durham,  son  Nath:  Sutliff. 

Sam11  Stebbins,  Springfd,  son  of  Samuel  Stebbins. 

Luke  Noble,  Westfield,  Des1  of  Thomas  Stebbins. 
Ebenezer  Smeed,  Deal-field,  son  of  William  Smeed. 

Joseph  Smith,  Hatfield,  son  of  John  Smith. 

James  Stephenson,  Springfd,  son  of  James  Stephenson. 
Thomas  Selden,  Haddam,  son  of  Joseph  Selden. 

Josiah  Scott,  Hatfield,  son  of  William  Scott. 

John  Salter,  Charlestown,  son  of  John  Salter. 

William  Turner,  Swansey,  Grandson  of  Capt.  Turner. 


254 


king  philip’s  war. 

Benjamen  Thomas,  Stafford,  son  of  Benjamen  Thomas. 
Joseph  Winchall,  jr.  Suffield,  Descend1  Jonathan  Tailer. 
Samuell  Tyley,  Boston,  son  of  Samuell  Tyley. 

Preserved  Wright,  N.  H.  son  of  James  Wright. 

Cornelias  Webb,  Springfd,  son  of  John  Webb. 

Jonathan  Webb,  Stamford,  son  of  Richard  Webb. 

John  Wait,  Hatfield,  son  of  Benjamen  Wait. 

Eleaser  Webber,  Westfield,  son  of  Eleaser  Webber. 

Thomas  Wells,  Dearfield,  son  of  Thomas  Wells. 

Ebenezer  Warmer,  Endfield,  son  of  Joseph  Warmer. 
Jonathan  Wells,  Dearfield,  Jonathan  Wells. 

William  Worthington,  Colchester,  son  of  Nicho  Worthington. 
John  Scott,  elbows,  Grandson  John  Scott. 

1  The  Committee  appointed  to  inlist  the  officers  and  Souldiers 

96  in  in  the  fight  called  the  falls  fight  under  the  Command  of 
number  Capt.  William  Turner  then  Slain  and  the  Descend13  of  such  as 

97  in  are  Deceased  and  that  are  intituled  to  the  grant  of  this  great 

all  and  generall  Court  made  them  of  a  towneship,  have  attended 

many  times  that  service  &  returne  the  list  above  &  afore¬ 
said  which  contains  the  persons  names  claiming  &  from 
whome  and  which  the  Committee  have  accordingly  allowed 
all  which  is  Submitted. 

WM  Dudley 

Boston  June  1736.  Eze.  Lewis 

John  Stoddard 

In  Council  June  23,  1736  Joseph  Dwight 

Read  and  ordered  that  this  Report  be  accepted.  John  Wainwright. 

Sent  down  for  concurrence. 

Simon  Frost,  Dep’y  Secretary. 

Archives,  vol.  114,  p.  610. 

Quite  a  number  of  the  soldiers,  as  will  be  noticed,  were  alive, 
and  presented  their  claims  in  their  own  persons ;  for  instance, 
Nathaniel  Alexander,  John  Bradshaw,  Samuel  Beldin,  John 
Chase,  Joseph  Fuller,  Samuel  Hunt,  James  Mun,  Jonathan 
Wells,  and  very  likely  many  others. 

CAPT.  WILLIAM  TURNER’S  FAMILY. 

Notwithstanding  the  notable  career  of  Capt.  Turner,  all  the 
results  of  efforts  to  trace  his  posterity  so  far  amount  to  a  few 
accidental  clues  and  inferences,  and  the  following  attempt  to 
arrange  these  is  little  more  than  a  summary  of  probabilities. 
William  Turner  was  of  Dorchester  from  1642-1664,  but  no  record 
of  marriage  or  birth  of  children  is  yet  found.  On  Boston  Town 
Records,  under  date  of  July  31st,  1665,  “  Sargt  Will:  Turner  was 
ordered  to  p’vide  for  himselfe  and  family  in  some  other  place, 
having  carried  it  ofencively  here.”  He  was  again  admonished 
August  28th,  and,  not  complying,  was,  on  Sept.  25th,  ordered 
to  be  presented  to  the  next  county  court.  Of  his  further  perse- 


CAPT.  TURNER'S  FAMILY. 


255 


cution,  account  is  given  above.  On  Boston  Town  Records  is 
found,  “  Prudence,  dau.  of  William  and  Frances  Turner  born 
October  12th  1665.”  In  Suffolk  Registry  of  Deeds,  vol.  x.  p. 
318,  William  Turner  and  Mary  his  wife,  relict  and  executrix  to 
the  Will  of  John  Pratt,  her  former  husband,  dec’d  (Vide  His¬ 
torical  and  Genealogical  Register,  vol.  vii.  p.  36),  convey  to  Jacob 
Hewins  a  dwelling-house  and  three-and-a-half  acres  of  land,  etc. 
This  lot  was  bounded  on  the  south  very  nearly  by  what  is  now 
Howard  Avenue,  and  lay  not  very  far  to  the  west  from  the  corner 
of  what  are  now  Dudley  Street  and  Howard  Avenue  in  Ward  20. 
The  deed  was  made  April  1st,  1671,  and  shows  that  the  wife 
Frances  was  dead  and  the  second  wife  Mary,  widow  of  John 
Pratt,  had  been  married.  Their  home  was  doubtless  in  Boston 
after  1665.  No  record  is  found  of  the  death  of  this  second  wife, 
but  in  his  will  above  mentioned,  dated  February  16th,  1675-6,  he 
mentions  Mary  his  wife,  formerly  wife  of  Key  Alsop.  Now  Key 
Alsop  died  April  30th,  1672,  and  she  married  Capt.  Turner  prob¬ 
ably  in  1673-4  as  his  third  wife.  Frances,  the  first,  was  probably 
the  mother  of  all  his  children,  but  of  the  place  and  date  of 
their  births  no  record  is  found  save  of  Prudence,  above  men¬ 
tioned,  and  William,  of  his  company,  who  is  identified  as  his  son, 
by  reference  to  him  in  the  petition  of  Mary  Turner  above  given. 
His  will,  however,  proves  that  he  had  sons  and  daughters  living 
iu  1676,  and  it  would  seem  that  the  son  William  was  under 
twenty-one  years,  as  his  mother-in-law  petitions  for  his  wages  as 
appears  above.  Thomas  and  William  Turner  were  serving  in  the 
garrison  at  Marlborough  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1675,  and  in 
the  trouble  which  Lieut.  John  Ruddock  had  with  the  Marlborough 
townspeople,  Thomas  was  first  on  the  list  of  soldiers,  who  gave 
evidence  in  favor  of  the  Lieutenant,  and  then  disappears  from 
view,  but  reappears  in  1678  at  Bridgewater,  where,  with  Joseph 
Howard,  he  is  appointed  surveyor.  In  1680  he  is  at  Scituate, 
where  he  settles  and  has  children,  of  whom  the  second  son, 
William,  born  Jan.  13th,  1683-4,  furnishes  the  clue  which  con¬ 
nects  this  family  with  Capt.  William  of  the  Falls  Fight ;  for  this 
William,  son  of  Thomas,  was  the  same  who  in  1736  drew  Capt. 
Turner’s  right  in  the  grant  above  mentioned,  and  is  styled  his 
“grandson;”  he  died  in  Newport,  R.I.,  “Oct.  4th,  1759,  in  the 
77th  year  of  his  age,”  and  the  correspondence  of  birth,  grant  and 
death,  affords  the  clue.  Dr.  T.  Larkin  Turner,  of  Boston,  has 
worked  out  this  theory,  and  following  it  up  I  find  many  other 
points.  From  Bristol  County  Registry  I  find  that  in  1710  Josiah 
Turner,  of  Swansey,  sold  to  his  “brother  Thomas  Turner,  of 
Scituate,  shipwright,”  a  farm  in  Swansey.  Both  were  inhabitants 
of  Swansey  in  1711.  The  Province  law  enacted  that  the  eldest 
male  heir  of  a  soldier-grantee  should  have  the  choice  of  taking 
the  grant  and  paying  off  the  other  heirs  their  proportional  part 
of  £10,  which  was  the  established  valuation  of  a  share. 


4 


256 


king  philip’s  war. 


The  various  clues  and  inferences  above  seem  to  point  to  the 
following  as  a  fair  approximation  to  the  family  of 

Capt.  William  Turner  and  wife  Frances. 

Patience,2  bapt.  in  Dorchester,  Nov.  10,  1644.  Thomas,2  soldier  at 
Marlborough,  1675;  at  Bridgewater,  Scituate  and  Swansey,  a 
shipwright,  1678-1715;  at  latter  date  he  purchased  land  in  Free¬ 
town  of  Constant  Church.  William,2  the  soldier  in  the  army 
with  his  father  as  noted  above,  settled  in  Boston.  Joshua,2  joined 
1st  Baptist  Church  in  Boston,  1669.  Josiah,2  of  Swansey,  in 
1706,  with  wife  Hannah  and  children.  Elizabeth,2  joined  Bap¬ 
tist  Church  1676  ;  perhaps  m.  Alexander  Dunkan,  July  6,  1698, 
“  married  by  Mr.  Miles.”  Prudence2  b.  in  Boston,  Oct.  12,  1665. 
Joseph,2  who  (perhaps)  married  Sarah  Wyman,  dau.  of  Thomas, 
a  “  Tailor,”  1704. 

Second  Generation.  Line  of  Thomas,2  of  Scituate ,  etc. 

Thomas,3  b.  Sept.  18,  1682.  Probably  settled  in  Rochester,  Mass., 
and  had  family  there ;  perhaps  died  before  1736,  or  waived  his 
right  or  sold  it  to  William  his  brother,  of  Swansey. 

William,3  m.  Patience  Hale,  of  Swansey,  in  1711.  Settled  in 
Swansey,  and  was  quite  a  large  land-owner  and  a  ship-builder.  He 
succeeded  to  the  Indian- War  claim  of  his  grandfather,  as  above- 
said.  He  was  one  of  the  non-resident  proprietors  who  agreed  to 
pay  £23  each  to  carry  forward  the  settlement  of  the  Township. 
He  was  of  Swansey  as  late  as  1748,  but  later  removed  to  New¬ 
port,  R.I.,  where  he  died  Oct.  4,  1759,  in  his  77th  year.  His  chil¬ 
dren,  born  in  Swansey,  were:  William,  b.  April  27,  1713,  became 
a  physician  in  New  Jersey;  and  his  other  children,  born  between 
1714  and  1734,  were  :  Lillis,  Nathaniel,  Patience,  Caleb,  and  Hale. 

ii.  Rebecca.3  iv.  Joshua.3  v.  Caleb.3  vi.  David.3  vii.  Joseph.3 
viii.  Benjamin.3  The  descendants  of  these  six  are  scattered 
through  various  parts  of  New  England;  and  Dr.  T.  L.  Turner, 
of  Boston,  has  in  preparation  a  genealogy  of  this  whole  branch 
of  the  Turner  family,  and  has  furnished  much  of  the  material 
above,  for  my  use  in  this  article. 

Second  Generation.  Line  of  William.2 

William  2  Turner,  son  of  Capt.  William,  a  soldier  at  Marlborough  Gar¬ 
rison  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1675,  in  the  Army  with  his  father 
from  February  21,  1675-6,  until  the  Captain’s  death,  but  was  not 
in  the  “  Falls  Fight.”  He  served  sometime  after  that,  as  the 
accounts  of  service  indicate.  Married  before  1679,  and  settled  in 
Boston.  Is  in  a  list  of  handy-craftsmen  later.  In  1691  was 
among  those  who  returned  from  the  West  Indies,  bringing  an 
account  of  the  great  earthquake  there  ;  1695,  chosen  constable  in 
Boston;  1698,  tythingman;  1699,  clerk  of  the  market;  1701, 
licensed  to  sell  wine,  etc.  ;  1708,  his  wife  Hannah  is  licensed  to 
sell  wine.  His  first  wife  was  Ruth,  by  whom  he  had  Joshua,  b. 
Sept.  28,  1679,  and  again  Joshua,  b.  Aug.  20,  1687.  He  married 


CAPT.  TURNER’S  FAMILY. 


257 


Hannah  Jacklin,  Aug.  28,  1689,  and  had  Mercy,  b.  Feb.  19,  1691 ; 
Hannah,  b.  Feb.  25,  1693  ;  William,  b.  Dec.  12,  1699.  Mary,  b. 
March  29,  1696,  and  Mary,  b.  Feb.  28,  1697,  are  assigned  to 
parents  “  William  and  Mary,”  but  probably  is  a  mistake  and 
should  be  William  and  Hannah,, 

Josiah  2  Turner,  son  of  Capt.  William,  settled  in  Swansey  with  wife 
Hannah,  and  had  there  John,3  b.  Nov.  11,  1706;  Nathaniel,3  b. 
March  19,  1709-10. 

Thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  T.  Larkin  Turner  and  Messrs.  W.  B. 
Trask,  J.  W.  D.  Hall,  H.  O.  Wood,  and  G.  H.  Tilton,  for  help¬ 
ful  assistance  in  the  above  account  of  Capt.  Turner’s  family,  the 
results  of  which  do  not  at  all  represent  the  amount  of  work 
done. 


XVIII. 


CAPT.  JONATHAN  POOLE,  CAPT.  THOMAS 
BRATTLE,  AND  THEIR  COMPANIES. 


JONATHAN  POOLE,  of  Reading,  was  the  son  of  John  and 
Margaret,  and  was  born  (probably  at  Cambridge)  in  1634. 
His  father  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  Reading,  a  large 
land-owner,  and  doubtless  was  the  wealthiest  of  the  settlers.  The 
family  homestead  was  on  the  present  site  of  the  “  Wakefield 
Rattan  Works,”  and  to  this  and  other  large  tracts  of  land  Jona¬ 
than  succeeded  upon  the  death  of  his  father  in  1667. 

His  wife’s  name  was  Judith,  and  their  children,  born  in  Read¬ 
ing,  were  —  Sarah,  born  1656,  married,  1673,  Thomas  Bancroft; 
Judith,  born  1658;  Mary,  born  1660,  died  1661 ;  Mary,  2d,  born 
1662,  married,  1682,  James  Nichols;  John,  born  1665  ;  Jonathan, 
born  1667,  married  Bridget  Fitch,  1691-2;  Thomas,  born  1673; 
William,  born  1677 ;  Elizabeth,  born  1678. 

Capt.  Poole  died  in  1678  ;  aged  44  years.  His  widow,  Judith, 
married,  1681,  Capt.  Wm.  Hasey,  and  third,  Lieut.  Robt.  Gould,  of 
Hull,  and  died,  in  Hull,  1704. 

In  October,  1671,  he  was  appointed  Quartermaster,  and  in 
May,  1674,  Cornet  of  the  “Three  County  Troop,”  and  still  held 
that  office  when  the  war  broke  out  in  1675.  In  the  summer  he 
was  in  service  under  Lieut  Hasey,  serving  as  Cornet,  and  will 
appear  in  Hasev’s  list.  In  the  campaign  under  Major  Appleton, 
in  the  fall  of  1675,  we  find  him  in  important  positions.  Sept. 
30th  he  was  in  command  of  the  garrison  at  Quabaog.  He  proba¬ 
bly  marched  his  troops,  about  October  10th,  to  Hadley,  whence 
he  was  assigned  by  Major  Appleton  to  the  defence  of  Hatfield. 
On  October  19th,  when  that  town  was  attacked,  Capt.  Poole  was 
in  command  of  a  company,  and  gallantly  and  successfully  de¬ 
fended  the  north  side  of  the  town,  account  of  which  is  given 
above.  In  this  defence,  John  Pocock,  of  Capt.  Poole’s  company, 
was  killed.  When  Major  Appleton  had  the  command  of  this  army 
of  the  west  suddenly  thrust  upon  him  by  the  Council,  he  ap¬ 
pointed  Cornet  Poole  to  a  captaincy,  and  sent  word  to  the  Coun¬ 
cil  of  his  action,  but  the  Council  in  reply  rebuked  this  assumption 
of  authority  on  his  part,  instructing  him  that  it  is  his  place  to 
recommend  a  deserving  officer,  but  the  Council’s  place  to  pro- 


CAPT.  POOLE’S  SOLDIERS. 


259 


mote.  Upon  the  necessity  to  consult  the  Council  more  fully 
than  by  letters,  he  sends  Capt.  Poole  personally  in  charge  of  his 
messengers,  who  evidently  made  so  good  an  impression  upon  the 
worthy  magistrates  that  they  recognized  the  wisdom  of  Major 
Appleton,  and  upon  his  withdrawal  of  the  main  army  for  the 
campaign  at  Narraganset,  Captain  Poole  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  garrison  forces  in  the  Connecticut  towns,  and  remained  at 
his  post  until,  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  his  friends  and  family, 
he  was  relieved  by  the  appointment  of  Capt.  Turner,  April  7th, 
1676.  Of  his  service  during  the  winter  some  idea  may  be  gained 
from  the  following  extract  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  John  Russell  to 
the  Council : 

Capt.  Poole  who  hath  been  last  here  for  ye  governm*  of  ye  souldiers  & 
as  president  of  ye  Council  of  warr  here  doth  earnestly  intreate  for  a 
liberty  to  repaire  to  his  own  very  much  suffering  family  at  least  for 
a  while,  We  may  not  be  so  selvish  as  to  be  unsensible  to  kindnesse  to 
us  in  his  stay  here  or  losse  to  him  thereby  so  as  to  hinder  ye  promoting 
of  any  rationall  request  consisting  wth  or  publike  safety :  We  are 
thankfull  for  what  blessing  God  hath  made  him  to  us ;  desirous  to 
retaine  him  while  not  to  much  to  his  prjudice.  He  signifies  to  us  yl 
there  is  now  here  in  the  army  a  man  of  ye  same  Town  viz.  Redding  by 
Name  Mr.  John  Brown  whom  he  judgeth  very  fitt  to  oversee  the 
souldiers,  etc.,  etc. 

Hadley  March  16th  1675-6.  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  163. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Poole. 


October  19th  1675 

Richard  Silvester 

05 

00 

00 

Benjamin  Hurd 

01 

10 

00 

John  Arnold 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Basel 

02 

02 

00 

John  Jones 

06 

18 

00 

November  20th  1675 

April  24th  1676 

Simon  Burr 

01 

08 

02 

Anthony  Ravinscroft  “ 

pr  Sam 

Joseph  Hartshorne 

03 

17 

00 

Allin  ” 

01 

06 

00 

Jacob  Hurd 

01 

01 

00 

John  Dunster 

07 

06 

06 

William  Arnold 

04 

10 

00 

June  24th  1676 

James  Pike 

04 

16 

10 

Richard  Silvester 

03 

03 

00 

Phineas  Upham,  Lieut. 

06 

19 

04 

Thomas  Bishop 

09 

00 

00 

Abraham  Staples 

00 

10 

00 

Benjamin  Norden 

06 

00 

00 

Samuel  Read 

01 

00 

00 

John  Wild 

09 

05 

08 

December  20th  1675 

John  Knight 

11 

02 

08 

Benjamin  Chamberlain 

03 

13 

08 

John  Hall 

11 

09 

00 

Walter  Hickson 

04 

10 

00 

George  Ebern 

01 

04 

On 

John  Pemberton 

04 

03 

00 

Edward  Bishop 

07 

03 

02 

January  25th  1675 

Jonathan  Poole,  Capt.. 

05 

00 

00 

John  Pocock 

01 

02 

04 

Joseph  Hartshorn 

05 

06 

08 

Joshuah  Fuller 

03 

06 

00 

Samuel  Neal 

08 

00 

00 

Joseph  Chamberlaine 

01 

04 

00 

John  French 

10 

15 

00 

February  29,  1675 

Increas  Whetston 

07 

03 

02 

George  Eborne 

01 

04 

00 

Thomas  Burges 

07 

19 

02 

March  24,  1675. 

William  Chubb 

07 

18 

06 

John  Laine 

09 

00 

00 

Jonathan  Poole,  Capt. 

44 

05 

04 

260 

KING 

Philip’s  war. 

William  Rayment 

04 

02 

07 

Thomas  Eaton 

02 

14 

10 

Thomas  Sparks 

03 

08 

06 

Samuel  Gatchell 

02 

14 

10 

Zechariah  Herrick 

03 

08 

07 

Isaac  Foster 

04 

05 

08 

John  Clark 

03 

08 

06 

Benony  Mactonell 

00 

10 

02 

William  Elliot 

02 

01 

00 

James  Carr 

02 

18 

01 

Benjamin  Collins 

03 

10 

00 

John  Dunton 

05 

09 

08 

Uzall  Ward  all 

03 

08 

07 

John  Dethsidy 

04 

05 

08 

July  24th  1676 

Joseph  Norman 

02 

15 

08 

Thomas  Cooke 

09 

18 

00 

Francis  Cooke 

01 

01 

03 

Joshuah  Boynton 

02 

07 

00 

John  Prescott 

00 

12 

00 

William  Bond 

01 

00 

00 

Nehemiah  Tottingham 

00 

10 

02 

Daniel  Smith 

01 

05 

06 

Joseph  Peirce 

00 

17 

00 

August  24th 

William  Duty 

00 

15 

08 

Robert  Simpson 

03 

12 

00 

Joshuah  Sawyer 

01 

00 

00 

Samuel  Nicholson 

01 

04 

00 

Jonathan  Poole 

13 

14 

00 

Thomas  Smith 

01 

13 

04 

Humphrey  Willard  als. 

John  Pengilly 

04 

07 

03 

Millard 

00 

10 

02 

Joseph  Jacobs 

02 

14 

10 

Benjamin  Merifield 

00 

10 

02 

George  Crosse 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Hoppin 

00 

09 

04 

Elisha  Fuller 

02 

14 

10 

Joseph  Hartshorn 

02 

16 

00 

John  Randall 

00 

19 

08 

Timothy  Hewitt 

08 

19 

08 

James  Miller 

00 

18 

06 

Israel  Howing 

00 

10 

02 

Samuel  Graves 

02 

01 

03 

William  Pashly 

00 

18 

00 

John  Hascall 

02 

14 

00 

Josiah  White 

05 

18 

09 

John  Day 

04 

10 

00 

William  .Deane 

01 

01 

09 

William  Day 

00 

10 

02 

John  Parker 

00 

10 

02 

Joseph  Burrell 

01 

04 

00 

Henry  Duen 

01 

00 

06 

John  Smith 

01 

10 

10 

Nathaniel  Bray 

02 

14 

00 

John  Fitch 

03 

00 

10 

Richard  Wood 

00 

17 

00 

John  Ellitt 

03 

06 

03 

James  Chute 

01 

10 

10 

Jonathan  Moss 

01 

10 

10 

Thomas  Woolson 

00 

08 

06 

Moses  Chadwell 

01 

08 

00 

Sebius  Jackson 

01 

11 

05 

Samuel  Fisk 

01 

04 

00 

Thomas  Browne 

00 

04 

03 

Samuel  Stainwood 

04 

10 

00 

Henry  Spring 

00 

07 

00 

John  Long 

00 

17 

00 

Joseph  Sherman 

01 

07 

00 

Jacob  Pudenter 

01 

04 

00 

John  Stone 

01 

11 

00 

James  Atkeson 

00 

11 

00 

John  Graves 

05 

06 

04 

Richard  Hall 

07 

19 

04 

Stephen  Pain 

00 

08 

06 

John  Elsmore 

01 

02 

06 

Josiah  Jones 

00 

15 

08 

Caleb  Ray 

00 

10 

04 

Robert  Mann 

01 

18 

06 

Thomas  Vely 

01 

10 

10 

John  Sterns 

00 

08 

06 

William  Stacey 

00 

12 

00 

John  Oyne 

00 

15 

06 

September  23d  1676 

Nathaniel  Robins 

00 

12 

10 

John  Flanders 

02 

14 

10 

Thomas  Chamberlaine 

03 

18 

10 

Henry  Bragg 

04 

05 

08 

Worke  done  ffor  ye  Soulders  by  ye  order  of  Capt:  Poole  &  Commesary 
Coaleman  of  Hattfeild  December  ye  10th  1675  by  Jacob  Gardener 

William  Arnall  —  Imprimis.  1  paire  of  Shewes  &  )  n-  17.  on 

Vamping  a  paire  of  bootes  } 

John  Watson  —  2  paire  of  Shewes  .  .  .  .  0:  16:  00 

Anthoney  Ravenscraft — 1  pair  of  Bootes  .  .  .1:  00:  00 


CAPT.  BRATTLE’S  FAMILY. 


261 


John  Downing  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Javish  Musgrove —  1  paire  of  Shewes  . 

Hue  Pike  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Robert  Symson  —  2  paire  of  Shewes 
Epheram  Rigman  —  1  paire  of  Shewes  . 

John  Arnall  —  1  paire  of  Shewes  &  Stockins 
Thomas  Burges  —  1  paire  of  Shewes  . 
William  Briggs  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Jeremy  Clothier  —  1  paire  of  Bootes 
Richard  Silvester  —  1  pair  of  Shewes  . 

John  Hall  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Mosses  Knapp  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Richard  Smith  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Robert  Coates  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Joseph  Hartshorne  —  1  paire  of  Shewes 
Tho:  Brian  —  1  paire  of  Shewes  and  pouch  . 
Will:  Chub  —  1  paire  of  Shewes  . 

John  Hues  —  1  paire  of  Shewes  . 

Benjamine  Barret  —  1  paire  of  Shewes  . 


0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  06:  00 
0:  16:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  14:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  05:  00 
1:  00:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  09:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 
0:  08:  00 


These  is  to  Sertiffie  ye  Honoured  Commetty ;  that  these  two  bills  was 
delivered  by  ye  order  of  Capt.  Poole  &  my  Self  ffor  ye  use  of  the  soul- 
ders  and  Recd  by  the  solgers, 

by  me  John  Coaleman  comisarey  of  Hatfield. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  83. 


CAPT.  THOMAS  BRATTLE  AND  HIS  MEN. 

Thomas  Brattle  was  born  about  1624.  Was  a  merchant  of 
good  standing  in  Boston  in  1656 ;  was  of  the  Artillery  Company 
in  1675.  He  was  an  enterprising  land-purchaser,  and  bought 
large  tracts  on  the  Kennebec  and  the  Merrimac,  the  latter  of  the 
Indians.  He  owned  valuable  iron  works  at  Concord,  and  was 
deputy  from  that  town  from  167 8-1681 ;  also  from  Lancaster,  1671- 
2.  Was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Old  South  Church,  and  in  1671 
one  of  the  commissioners  sent  to  treat  with  Philip  at  Taunton ; 
and  in  nearly  all  the  relations  of  public  life  he  appears  as  one  of 
the  most  active  and  influential  men  of  the  colony.  He  married, 
probably  in  1656,  Elizabeth  Tyng,  daughter  of  Capt.  William  and 
Elizabeth  (Coytemore)  Tyng,  whose  tragic  death,  Nov.  9th, 
1682,  is  recorded  in  Judge  Sewall’s  Diary.  Their  children,  born 
in  Boston,  were — Thomas,  born  Sept.  5,  1657,  died  same  day; 
Thomas,  born  June  20,  1658;  Elizabeth,  born  Nov.  30th,  1660; 
William,  born  Nov.  22,  1662 ;  Katharine,  born  Sept.  26,  1664 ; 
Bethiah,  born  Aug.  13, 1666  ;  Mary,  born  Aug.  10, 1668 ;  Edward, 
born  Dec.  18,  1670.  Thomas  Brattle  was  appointed  Cornet  of 
the  Suffolk  troop,  May  30th,  1670;  Lieutenant,  Oct.  13,  1675; 
Captain,  May  5,  1676.  When  the  war  broke  out,  Capt.  Brattle 
was  an  immediate  and  important  friend  of  the  colony.  He  loaned 
the  colony  two  hundred  pounds,  and  in  the  first  few  months  of 


262 


king  philip’s  war. 


the  war  he  is  personally  credited  with  cash,  supplies  and  service 
to  the  amount  of  fifteen  hundred  pounds  upon  the  treasurer’s 
accounts. 

Sept.  8,  1675,  the  Council  orders  Cornet  Thomas  Brattle,  with 
a  party  of  horsemen  under  his  command,  to  take  fifty  soldiers 
who  are  appointed  to  meet  him  at  Leftenant  Thomas  Hench¬ 
man’s,  in  Groton,  and  distribute  them  according  to  his  discretion 
in  the  towns  of  Dunstable,  Groton  and  Lancaster ;  and  to 
arrange  with  the  inhabitants  for  the  support  and  aid  of  their 
garrisons ;  also  to  settle  affairs,  so  far  as  possible,  with  the 
friendly  Indians  at  Wamesit,  Nashoba  and  Marlborough,  to 
induce  the  chief  Wannalancet  to  return  and  live  quietly  at 
Wamesit,  giving  his  son  as  a  hostage  into  the  hands  of  the 
English,  etc.  The  issue  of  this  affair  will  appear  in  the  account 
of  the  Pennacooks.  Capt.  Brattle  was  engaged  in  the  organization 
and  supply  of  the  several  expeditions  west  and  south.  He  was 
personally  with  the  forces  at  Narraganset,  in  the  reorganization 
of  the  army  after  the  Swamp  Fight.  On  May  15th,  1676,  in  the 
expedition  to  Hassanamesit  under  Capt.  Henchman,  Capt. 
Brattle,  with  a  party  of  horse,  fell  upon  the  Indians  between 
Mendon  and  Hassanamesit  and  killed  about  twenty,  of  whom 
four  were  squaws.  The  enemy  dispersed  into  the  swamps,  and 
the  main  body  escaped. 

On  May  24th,  Capt.  Brattle  “  with  a  troope  of  horse,”  about 
fifty,  went  in  pursuit  of  the  Indians  “that  had  newly  done 
spoyle  at  Seaconcke.”  With  a  small  party  of  foot,  he  arrived  at 
the  Falls  of  “Pocatuck  River,”  being  on  the  Seaconck  side. 
The  Indians  appeared  on  the  opposite  side  in  force.  Leaving 
the  foot  behind,  Capt.  Brattle  led  the  troopers  up  the  river, 
where  they  crossed  with  great  difficulty,  and  soon  came  down 
upon  the  Indians  and  put  them  to  a  disastrous  flight,  capturing 
large  store  of  their  fish  and  other  supplies,  killing  several. 
One  of  the  English  was  killed,  and  Cornet  Elliot  was  wounded 
in  the  hand.  The  dead  soldier  was  carried  to  Seaconck  and 
buried.  An  Indian  boy  was  captured  who  testified  that  these 
Indians  were  three  or  four  hundred,  and  belonged  to  “Nep- 
sachuit.”  See  Col.  Records,  vol.  v.  p.  96,  the  full  letter  of  the 
General  Court. 

June  30th,  1676,  Capt.  Brattle  is  sent  on  an  expedition  towards 
Mount  Hope  with  instructions  as  follows : 

Instructions  for  Capt.  Thomas  Brattle. 

You  are  to  take  twenty  of  your  Troope  with  such  officers  as  you 
shall  see  meete,  together  with  an  officer  &  ten  Troop"*  of  Left. 
Hassey’s  Troope  and  with  them  to  march  with  all  expedition  to  Ded¬ 
ham  where  are  ordered  to  be  an  officer  with  eighteen  foote  souldiers 
mounted  from  Dorchester,  sixe  from  Roxbury  and  twenty  from 
Dedham  with  an  officer.  All  appointed  to  be  at  Dedham  the  Rende- 


capt.  brattle’s  instructions. 


263 


vous  this  day  at  fower  of  the  clock  this  afternoone,  whom  you  are  to 
take  under  your  Conduct  and  the  officers  and  souldiers  are  Required  to 
obey  you  as  theire  Commander  for  this  Service  of  the  Country.  You 
are  to  march  with  your  Troopers  &  Dragoons  to  be  at  John  Wood¬ 
cocks  by  midnight  where  you  shall  meete  with  an  Indian  Pylot 
and  two  files  of  musketeers  which  Pylot  hath  engaged  to  bring 
you  upon  Phillip  and  his  Company  who  are  not  above  thirty  men  as  he 
saith  &  not  ten  miles  from  Woodcocks  ;  be  sure  to  secure  your  Pylot 
to  prevent  falsehood  and  escape.  You  are  to  endeavour  with  your 
utmost  diligence  to  Come  up  with  the  enemy  and  Coming  up  with 
him,  or  any  other  of  them,  you  are  to  subdue  kill  and  destroy,  in  your 
marches  take  heed  of  Ambushments  and  see  you  keepe  your  souldiers 
in  Comand  and  that  they  moove  with  as  much  sylence  as  may  be,  that 
you  be  not  prevented.  In  case  the  ennimy  should  be  past  to  Mount 
Hope  and.  that  you  Can  meete  with  Plymouth  forces  you  are  to  Joyne 
with  them.  If  upon  Intelligence  you  may  probably  Come  up  with 
ennemy  to  fight  subdue  &  destroy  them. 

ffor  that  you  are  victualled  onely  for  sixe  days,  you  are  to  order 
that  your  march  out  may  be  proportionably  thereto  for  your  Returne 
unless  by  the  longer  stay  you  shall  see  you  have  very  probable  ad¬ 
vantage  against  the  enemy  &  you  may  have  Recruite  of  proper 
officers  from  our  Confederates  or  cann  give  timely  notice  to  us  to  send 
you  supply. 

In  case  you  meete  not  with  a  Pylot  at  Woodooks  you  are  to  send 
to  Mr.  Newman  at  Rehoboth  and  lett  him  know  of  your  being  there, 
and  wayting  to  endeavour  to  surprise  Phillip ;  And  In  case  that  faile, 
if  upon  Intelligence  you  have  oppertunity  to  fall  upon  any  other  of  the 
ennemy  you  are  to  attend  that ;  Upon  all  occasions  &  opportunity  you 
are  to  Advise  us  of  your  motions  and  of  Gods  dealings  with  you ;  for 
your  so  doing  these  are  your  order  and  warrant.  Given  at  Boston  the 
thirtieth  day  of  June  1676. 

By  the  Gouvernour  &  Council  of  the  Massachusetts. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  pp.  24,  25.  J.  L.  G. 

In  this  expedition  Capt.  Mosely  was  joined,  as  related  by  Mr. 
Hubbard.  The  plan  was  carried  out,  but  when  they  arrived  at 
the  swamp  they  found  the  wily  chief  and  his  bodyguard  “  newly 
gone.”  They,  however,  joined  with  the  Plymouth  forces  under 
command  of  Major  Bradford,  and  succeeded,  before  their  return 
home  in  the  latter  part  of  July,  in  securing  the  Plymouth  and 
southern  towns,  and  in  killing  or  capturing  one  hundred  and 
fifty  of  the  enemy. 

Capt.  Thomas  Brattle  died  April  5th,  1683.  He  left,  it  is 
said,  the  largest  estate  1  in  New  England  at  that  time.  His  son 

1  In  the  old  Court  flies,  Book  8,  is  preserved  the  following,  which  may  be  of  interest  as  describ¬ 
ing  Capt.  Brattle’s  Kennebec  grant : 

“  Thomas  Brattle  in  behalf  of  himself  &  other  the  Heirs  of  Capt.  Thomas  Brattle,  Mr.  Antipas 
Boyes,  Mr.  Edward  Tyng  &  John  Winslow  claims  a  certain  Tract  of  Land  in  America  in  or 
between  &  extending  from  the  utmost  Bounds  of  Cobbeseconte  which  adjoineth  to  the  River  of 
Kennebeck  towards  the  Western  Ocean,  and  a  Place  called  the  Falls  at  Nequamkeek  &  a  Place 
of  fifteen  English  Miles  on  both  Sides  the  River  called  Kennebeck  River  &  all  the  said  River  that 
lyeth  within  the  said  Limits  &  bounds  Eastward,  Westward,  Northward  &  Southward  as  per 
Deed  from  the  Govern™4  of  Plimouth  Colony  dated  27  Octor  1661  &  Orderly  recorded. 

“  A  true  copy  Examined  pr  Tuo“  Clarke  DepV  Sec’ty.” 


264 


king  philip’s  war. 


Thomas  administered  upon  the  estate.  This  son  Thomas  gradu¬ 
ated  at  Harvard,  1676,  and  was  eminent  for  his  scholarship, 
especially  in  mathematics.  He  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  London,  which  was  a  mark  of  great  distinction  to  an 
American.  He  was  celebrated  for  his  opulence,  talents  and 
benevolence ;  was  treasurer  of  Harvard  College  from  1693  to  his 
death,  May  18,  1713.  He  was  never  married.  William  Brattle, 
second  son  of  Capt.  Thomas,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1780,  and  received  degree  of  B.D.  in  1692,  and  in  1696  was 
ordained  pastor  of  the  church  in  Cambridge.  He  was  a  celebrated 
scholar  and  preacher,  being  especially  liberal  for  his  time.  He 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Hayman,  of  Charles¬ 
town,  Nov.  3,  1697,  and  by  her  had  two  sons,  of  whom  William, 
the  eldest,  inherited  his  grandfather’s  Narraganset  claim. 


Soldiers  Credited  under  Capt.  Thomas  Brattle. 


October  19,  1675 

Hugh  Taylor 

00 

15 

08 

George  Berbeck 

00 

10 

00 

Jonathan  Atherton 

01 

10 

00 

Dec.  20th 

Ebenezer  Heiden 

01 

11 

05 

John  Paison 

00 

10 

00 

John  Bennett 

02 

02 

09 

Caleb  Graunt 

00 

10 

00 

Richard  Francis 

01 

00 

00 

Samuel  Thacher 

00 

10 

00 

Denis  Syhy 

02 

17 

09 

Thomas  Brattle,  Lieut. 

01 

05 

00 

Moses  Paine 

01 

08 

07 

John  Bennet 

00 

10 

00 

John  Smith 

00 

12 

09 

John  Willington 

00 

10 

00 

Richard  Hall 

01 

18 

10 

Solomon  Phips 

00 

10 

00 

Paltiel  Grover 

01 

12 

10 

Samuel  Williams 

00 

10 

00 

Thomas  Adams 

00 

15 

08 

Samuel  Minott 

00 

10 

00 

Francis  Cooke 

01 

00 

00 

William  Kent 

00 

10 

00 

Samuel  Williams 

01 

17 

06 

Samuel  Payson 

00 

17 

00 

John  Wells 

02 

17 

00 

March  24th  1676 

John  Needham 

01 

12 

10 

John  Needham 

00 

14 

02 

John  Long 

01 

05 

06 

John  Bennitt 

01 

14 

02 

Elisha  Foster 

01 

04 

08 

August  24  1676 

Samuel  Maxfield 

01 

04 

08 

Ebenezer  Williams 

01 

12 

10 

Evan  Jones 

01 

04 

08 

Joshuah  Henshaw 

01 

07 

06 

Wm.  Harsey  als.  Hasye 

01 

12 

10 

William  Kent 

02 

11 

00 

John  Needham 

00 

07 

00 

John  Newell 

00 

19 

08 

David  Freeman 

01 

03 

06 

Richard  Scott 

02 

02 

00 

Benjamin  Mills 

01 

03 

06 

John  Pinder 

00 

15 

08 

John  Pason 

00 

10 

00 

James  Chevers 

00 

18 

09 

Samuel  Church 

01 

07 

00 

James  Francklin 

00 

15 

08 

John  Stearnes 

01 

07 

00 

John  Oynes 

00 

15 

08 

Josiah  Jones 

01 

02 

00 

John  Barrett 

01 

12 

10 

Increas  Twingals.Winne  01 

12 

10 

Justinian  Holden 

00 

15 

08 

Patrick  Morrene 

01 

00 

00 

Joseph  Birch 

01 

12 

10 

Timothy  Dwight 

00 

15 

04 

Thomas  Leonard 

00 

15 

08 

Henry  Spring 

01 

07 

00 

Moses  Paine 

01 

11 

05 

John  Kendall 

01 

12 

10 

John  Waiard  als.  Ware 

01 

14 

03 

Ephraim  Regimant 

01 

00  00 

Obediali  Wood 

00 

15 

08 

Thomas  Holman 

02 

02 

10 

capt.  brattle’s  company.  265 


Timothy  Dwight 

00 

08 

08 

Joshuah  Lambe 

02 

02 

10 

Francis  Coard 

01 

00 

00 

Thomas  Robinson 

00 

18 

08 

September  23d 

1676 

Thomas  Browne 

01 

02 

10 

Samuel  Gary 

00 

19 

08 

John  Winter 

01 

02 

10 

James  Bird 

00 

12 

09 

Timothy  Hawkins 

01 

00 

00 

Daniel  Smith 

01 

02 

10 

John  Tolman 

02 

01 

05 

Edward  Couch 

01 

04 

06 

John  Turtle 

01 

12 

10 

Samuel  Stone 

01 

02 

10 

Thomas  Peirce 

01 

12 

10 

Zechariah  Fowle 

00 

08 

06 

John  Blackman 

00 

10 

02 

James  White 

01 

02 

08 

Samuel  Parker 

01 

03 

06 

James  Pemerton 

00 

14 

03 

Daniel  Greenland 

01 

12 

10 

Anthony  Howard 

01 

08 

06 

Daniel  Champney 

01 

02 

10 

Joseph  Sherman 

01 

07 

00 

William  Bond 

01 

02 

10 

James  Baker 

01 

04 

06 

Daniel  Ruff 

01 

04 

00 

William  Ager 

01 

05 

08 

John  Allice 

01 

02 

02 

Richard  Wood 

01 

17 

00 

Joshuah  Sayer 

01 

14 

03 

Thomas  Pemberton 

03 

05 

08 

John  Mason 

01 

12 

10 

Nathaniel  Rowleston 

01 

02 

10 

James  Miller 

01 

00 

00 

Charles  Davenport 

00 

13 

00 

Jonathan  Gilbert 

02 

00 

00 

Samuel  Sumner 

00 

19 

08 

XIX. 


CAPT.  JOSEPH  SILL  AND  HIS  MEN. 


JOSEPH  SILL  (or  as  it  is  variously  spelled,  Syll,  Scill  and 
Scyll)  was  the  son  of  John  and  his  wife  Joanna,  of  Cam¬ 
bridge,  1637-8,  and  was  born  there  about  1639.  He 
married,  December  5,  1660,  Jemima,  daughter  of  Andrew  and 
Elizabeth  (Danforth)  Belcher,  of  Cambridge,  and  had  children  — 
Andrew,  born  February  5,  1665-6,  died  June  12,  1666 ;  Joseph, 
bpt.  11  Mar.  1666,  d.  young ;  Jemima,  born  September  21,  1667, 
who  married,  December  21,  1687,  John  Hall,  of  Medford,  and 
inherited  for  him  her  father’s  Narraganset  claim ;  Elizabeth,  born 
September  12,  married,  November  12,  1685,  Samuel  Green,  Jr. ; 
Andrew  and  Thomas,  of  whose  births  no  record  is  found.  Mr. 
Savage  says  that  he  removed  to  Lyme,  Conn.,  at  the  close  of 
Philip’s  war,  and  there  married,  February  12,  1678,  his  second 
wife,  Sarah  Marvin,  widow  of  Reynold,  and  daughter  of  George 
Clark,  by  whom  he  had  Joseph,  born  January  6, 1679 ;  Zachariah, 
born  January  1,  1682  ;  perhaps  others. 

Capt.  Sill  was  called  into  military  life  early  in  the  war,  and 
served  almost  continually,  in  important  times  and  places,  till  its 
close.  When  Capt.  Richard  Beers  marched  with  his  company  up 
to  relieve  the  garrison  at  Brookfield,  Aug.  5th,  1675,  Sill  was  his 
lieutenant,  and  shared  the  fortunes  of  the  company  in  that  cam¬ 
paign  ;  was  probably  in  the  fight  at  “  Sugar-Loaf  Hill  ”  on 
August  25th ;  but  was  probably  left  at  Hadley  in  command  of 
the  rest  of  the  company  when  Capt.  Beers,  and  his  twenty-six 
men,  marched  to  the  relief  of  Northfield  on  September  3d,  and 
were  ambushed  and  nearly  all  slain  on  the  4th,  on  what  is  since 
known  as  “  Beers’s  Plain.”  After  that  disaster  he  remained  in 
command  of  the  remnant  of  the  company  for  the  rest  of  the  cam¬ 
paign,  and  up  to  October  5th,  when  he  is  mentioned  in  Capt. 
Mosely’s  letter  as  having  gone  with  Captain  Appleton  and  a  com¬ 
pany  of  one  hundred  and  ninety  men  to  protect  Springfield.  On 
October  4th  a  letter  from  the  Council  to  Major  Pynchon  directs 
that  “  Lieut.  Scill  be  dismissed  home  to  his  family,”  and  his 
soldiers  to  make  up  some  of  the  other  companies  as  the  Major 
thinks  best. 

In  a  letter  from  Capt.  Appleton  at  Hadley,  October  17th,  Capt. 


CAPT.  SILL’S  INSTRUCTIONS. 


267 


Sill  is  mentioned  as  being  still  in  command  of  a  company  of  sixty 
men;  but  he  had  evidently  returned  home  before  November  1st, 
as  upon  the  2d  he  was  called  out  again  and  given  commission 
with  the  following  instructions  : 

Orders  and  Instructions  for  Capt.  Joseph  Syll. 

By  virtue  of  An  order  pr.  Council  impowring  mee  to  give  you  Instruc¬ 
tions  «fec. 

1]  You  are  to  Take  charge  of  the  soldiers  raised  from  Charlestown, 
Wattertown  &  Cambridge  ;  which  are  about  sixty  men ;  &  being  fitted  & 
furnished  with  Arms,  Ammunition  &  provision  for  a  weeke ;  you  are  to 
march  away;  forthwith  to  Naticke  &  there  take  such  trusty  indian 
guides  with  you  (as  Corporall  watson  hath  prpared  for  that  purpose) 
&  then  march  away  wth  all  conv’nt  speed  to  Hassanamesitt  (an  indian 
plantation  neare  nip  muck  River)  from  whence  you  are  to  send  intelli¬ 
gence  unto  Captain  Daniel  Henchman  who  with  his  company  is  marched 
to  Mendon ;  informing  him  y‘  you  are  ordered  to  joyne  with  him  to  pursue 
the  enimy,  whom  we  heare  is  come  down  to  a  place  called  Packachooge 
about  7  miles  from  Hassanamesit  Norwest,  &  hath  killed  and  surprised 
some  of  or  neighbour  Indians  that  were  gathering  corne  there ;  and  as 
wee  have  ground  to  feare  hath  lately  Attacked  marlborow. 

2]  Being  joyned  with  Capt.  Henchman  you  are  to  be  under  his 
order  and  joyntly  to  seeke  out  for  the  enimy  at  ye  said  place  or  any 
other  place  where  you  can  understand  hee  is ;  and  if  you  meet  the 
enimy  you  are  to  use  your  best  skill  &  force  to  surprise,  sease  kill  and 
destroy  the  enimy ;  and  to  receive  and  release  any  of  our  friends  either 
English  or  Indians  y‘  are  taken  or  injured  by  him ; 

3]  You  are  to  be  very  careful  to  send  forth  scouts ;  before  you  to 
discour  the  enimies  quarters  &  if  it  may  bee  to  com  upon  him  in  the 
night. 

4]  You  are  carefully  so  to  march  yr  men  in  the  woods  so  y‘  if  it  be 
possible  to  avoide  or  shunne  or  well  serch  before  you  com  to  neare  all 
thick  places  as  swamps  or  thicketts  wher  the  enimy  uses  with  subtility 
to  lurk  in  Ambushments. 

5]  You  are  in  all  yor  Attempts  &  enterprises  to  have  yor  harts  lifted 
up  to  God  in  Ch*  Jesus ;  who  is  the  Lord  of  hosts  &  God  of  armies  that 
hee  will  give  his  prsence  with  you  &  assistance  unto  you  &  yor  Company 
in  all  yor  undertakings  not  trusting  or  relying  upon  the  Arme  of  flesh 
but  upon  the  Lord  alone  from  whose  greatness  Blessing  &  p'sence  all 
good  comes. 

6]  And  you  are  carefully  so  to  demeane  yorselfe  in  yor  convrsation 
yl  you  may  give  yor  soldiers  a  good  example  in  piety  &  vertue  &  so 
govern  the  soldiers  under  yor  command  y‘  yor  campe  may  bee  holynes 
to  ye  Lord  &  to  this  end  you  have  ye  military  laws  printed  and  pub¬ 
lished,  which  are  for  yor  rule  &  direction  in  that  matter. 

7]  If  you  finde  a  considerable  quantity  of  corne  at  Packachooge  if 
yu  can  save  it  wee  give  it  you  and  yor  soldiers  together  wth  Capt. 
Henchman  and  his  soldiers  for  plunder. 

So  desiring  the  ever  living  Lord  God  to  accompany  you  &  yor  com¬ 
pany  with  his  gratious  conduct  and  presence,  And  that  he  will  for 
Chts  sake  approve  in  all  the  mounts  of  difficulty ;  &  cover  all  yor  heads 


268 


king  philip’s  war. 


in  the  day  of  Battle  &  deliver;  the  blood-thirsty  &  cruel  enimy  of 
God  &  his  people  into  yor  hands,  &  make  you  executioners  of  his  just 
Indignation  upon  them  and  returne  you  victorious  unto  us  We  comitt 
you  &  yor  company  unto  God  &  remaine  Yor  very  Loving  freind 

Daniel  Gookin,  Senr.1 

November  the  2d  1675. 

These  orders  &  Instructions  past  by  the  Councill  November  2,  1675. 

E.  R.  S. 

[Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  40.] 

The  account  of  this  expedition  has  been  given  in  part  in 
connection  with  Capt.  Henchman’s  company,  but  many  addi¬ 
tional  particulars,  and,  indeed,  the  most  reliable  account  attain¬ 
able  now  is  given  in  Gen.  Daniel  Gookin’s  account  of  the 
“  Praying  Indians.”  It  would  seem  by  his  account  that 
the  chief  cause  of  this  expedition  of  Henchman  and  Sill  was 
the  capture  by  the  hostile  Indians  of  three  of  the  villages  of  the 
“Praying”  or  “Christian”  Indians,  viz.:  Magunkog  (Hopkin- 
ton),  Hassanamesit  (Grafton)  and  Chobonokonomum  (Dudley). 
Capt.  Sill  was  at  Hassanamesit  on  November  6th,  having  with 
him  as  guides  six  of  the  Natick  “Praying  Indians,”  of  whom 
the  principal  were  James  Quannapohit  and  Eleazer  Pegin. 
These  two,  with  about  a  dozen  of  the  company,  went  out  to 
scout,  and  discovered  seven  hostile  Indians  leading  away  a  white 
boy  captive.  The  hostiles  fled,  but  were  so  closely  pursued  by 
the  Natick  scouts  that  they  were  forced  to  abandon  the  boy,  who 
was  taken  by  our  Indians  and  brought  back  to  Capt.  Sill.  This 
boy’s  name  was  Christopher  Muchin,  a  servant  or  apprentice  of 
Peter  Bent,  a  miller  at  Marlborough ;  and  he  told  the  Captain 
that  he  was  seized  the  day  before  at  Bent’s  mill,  and  that  Bent’s 
son,  a  lad  of  about  nine  years,  was  taken  at  the  same  time, 
scalped  and  left  for  dead  —  who,  however,  recovered.  After 
this  Capt.  Sill’s  company  joined  with  Capt.  Henchman’s,  and 
under  the  latter’s  command  all  marched  to  a  place  called  Packa- 
chooge  (southerly  part  of  Worcester),  and  there  encamped  for 
one  night  in  two  large  wigwams  recently  left  by  the  Indians. 
In  this  place,  as  well  as  in  others  on  the  way,  quantities  of  corn 
were  discovered,  and  much  of  it  burned,  but  no  Indians  were 
found  except  by  the  small  scouting  parties  led  by  the  Naticks. 
The  companies  marched  back  to  Hassanamesit  and  there  sepa¬ 
rated  before  November  10th,  and  Capt.  Sill  marched  with  his 
company  to  Marlborough  and  Sudbury,  where  he  was  located  on 
November  16th,  but  marched  to  Springfield  immediately,  and  on 
the  20th,  in  the  disposal  of  the  troops  by  Major  Appleton  into 
the  garrisons  for  the  winter,  thirty-nine  of  his  men  were  left  at 
Springfield  under  command  of  Lieut.  Niles.  Capt.  Sill  was 
thereafter  employed  in  guarding  the  supplies  and  conducting 

1  Thus  signed,  and  then  scratched  out  and  the  Council’s  authority  substituted  by  the  Secretary, 
as  shown  on  next  page. 


AT  GROTON  AND  VICINITY. 


269 


affairs,  under  Major  Willard’s  orders,  at  the  various  garrisons  as 
there  was  need,  and  was  with  the  army  at  Narraganset  after  the 
Swamp  Fight.  He  was  sent  with  a  company  of  dragoons,  with 
some  sixty  carts,  to  bring  off  the  inhabitants  of  Groton.  The 
line  of  carts  was  said  to  be  over  two  miles  long,  and  the  convoy 
of  some  fifty  men  very  inadequate  when  stretched  out  to  that 
length.  This  line  was  ambushed  and  attacked,  but  either  the 
Indians  were  too  few  in  number,  or  the  long  line  of  carts,  with 
their  guard,  was  too  formidable  or  awkward  to  handle,  so  that 
having  killed  two  of  the  advance  guard  at  their  first  fire,  and  the 
guards  not  being  thrown  into  confusion  by  the  attack,  but 
quickly  rallying  under  their  captain  and  preparing  for  defence, 
the  Indians,  after  a  few  desultory  shots  from  their  safe  covert, 
retired. 

The  following  paper  will  show  something  of  the  kind  of  service 
in  which  Capt.  Sill  was  engaged  during  this  time. 

At  a  Councill  held  at  Boston  the  21st  of  1 :  Month,  1675-6 

It  is  ordered  that  Capt.  Syll  give  forth  his  orders  to  the  several 
Constables  of  Charlestowne,  Cambridge,  Watterton,  Sudbury  &  Marl¬ 
boro  forthwith  to  send  in  to  him  the  horses  &  men  yl  were  under  his 
command  formerly  for  the  carriage  of  Ammunition  and  provision  from 
Northbrow  to  Brookfield  (or  in  default  yrof  to  impresse  so  many)  & 
Majr  Willard  is  ordered  forthwith  to  appoynt  said  Capt.  Syll :  twenty 
troopers  &  Dragoones  of  Essex  &  Norfolke  men  to  guard  the  said  to 
the  place  appointed ;  and  after  the  delivery  of  the  said  provisions  & 
Ammunition  at  the  Garrison  there  the  said  Syll  is  ordered  to  returne 
home  and  dismiss  the  said  Horses  &  men  &  Returne  the  troopers  & 
dragoones  to  Majr  Willard  &  attend  his  further  orders. 

It  is  further  ordered  yl  Capt.  Syll  cause  the  Coopers  at  Cambridge  & 
Charlestowne  to  make  so  many  4  gallon  runletts  to  put  powder  in  as 
may  suffice  to  carry  200lb  powder  from  Marlborow  to  Brookfeild  for 
the  Country  service.  Past  E.  R.  S. 

It  is  ordered  by  the  Council,  That  the  Commissary  of  Marlborow 
deliver  to  Capt.  Syll  such  Ammunition  and  Provisions  as  his  horses 
and  Company  can  carry  to  Brookfield  &  after  ye  delivery  of  ye  same 
to  him,  the  said  Commissary  is  to  returne  home,  comitting  what  is 
remaining  of  the  magazine  at  Marlborough  unto  Decon  William  Ward’s 
care.  E.  R.  S. 

[Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  170.] 

Mr.  Hubbard,  in  his  History,  says : 

After  this  April  17.  Capt.  Sill  being  appointed  to  keep  Garrison  at 
Groton ,  some  Indians  coming  to  hunt  for  Swine,  three  Indians  drew 
near  the  Garrison-house  supposing  it  to  have  been  deserted;  two  of 
them  were  slain  by  one  single  shot  made  by  the  Captain’s  own  Hands, 
and  the  third  by  another  Shot  made  from  the  Garrison. 


270 


kihg  philip’s  war. 


On  April  27th  six  companies  were  raised,  three  of  foot  under 
Capts.  Sill,  Cutler  and  Holbrook,  the  horse  under  Capts.  Brattle, 
Prentice  and  Henchman,  and  sent  to  repress  certain  “  Insolen- 
cies  ”  of  the  enemy,  and  to  range  the  woods  towards  Hassana- 
mesit.  There,  guided  by  the  Natick  scouts,  our  horsemen  fell 
upon  quite  a  large  party  of  the  enemy  and  captured  or  killed 
sixteen,  account  of  which  has  heretofore  been  given  in  the 
chapter  devoted  to  Capt.  Henchman. 

These  forces  were  released  on  May  10th,  owing  to  the  trouble¬ 
some  distempers  resulting  from  an  “epidemical  cold”  at  that 
time  prevalent  throughout  the  country ;  but  the  release  was  only 
till  such  time  as  the  troops  had  generally  recovered  and  were 
needed.  The  occasion  came,  and  on  May  30th  the  same  forces 
were  called  out  again  and  marched  to  Brookfield,  where  they 
were  to  meet  the  forces  of  Connecticut ;  but  they  came  upon  a 
body  of  Indians,  “  fishing  in  Weshacom  Ponds  towards  Lancaster,” 
of  whom  they  killed  seven,  and  captured  twenty-nine,  the  latter 
mostly  women  and  children.  This  affair  occurred  on  May  7th, 
and  necessitated  delay  and  a  return  to  Marlborough  for  supplies, 
so  that  when  they  arrived  at  Brookfield  the  Connecticut  forces 
had  marched  to  Hadley,  where  ours  joined  them  on  the  14th, 
two  days  after  that  place  had  been  attacked  by  a  large  body  of 
the  enemy,  who,  busily  watching  the  advance  of  our  forces  from 
Marlborough,  seemed  to  have  missed  the  Connecticut  companies 
coming  into  the  town,  and  were  surprised  at  their  presence,  and 
fled  precipitately  when  a  shot  from  a  small  cannon  struck  an  out¬ 
lying  house  which  some  of  them  were  plundering.  The  Con¬ 
necticut  soldiers  pursued  them  for  some  miles  up  the  river,  and 
killed  several,  but  could  not  overtake  or  flank  them.  The  Massa¬ 
chusetts  troops  arrived  on  May  14th,  and  the  united  forces,  with 
the  Mohegans,  amounted  to  about  one  thousand  men.  Major 
Talcott,  with  the  Connecticut  troops,  on  the  16th,  marched  up  on 
the  west  side  of  the  river,  and  Capt.  Henchman  with  those  of 
Massachusetts  on  the  east  side.  A  heavy  rain-storm  prevailed 
during  several  days,  drenching  them,  and  spoiling  most  of  their 
ammunition  and  provision.  They  returned  to  Hadley  on  the 
18th,  and  Major  Talcott  two  days  later  marched  homeward  with 
his  force,  while  Capt.  Henchman  with  his  troops  remained  several 
days  diligently  searching  for  the  enemy;  but  not  finding  them, 
and  fearing  they  were  gathering  towards  the  eastern  towns,  he 
marched  homeward  about  June  24th.  Capt.  Henchman’s  letter 
(ante,  page  57)  gives  an  account  of  the  experiences  on  this 
march  home.  Capt.  Sill  was  selected  to  command  a  force  con¬ 
sisting  of  about  one  hundred  foot,  a  troop  of  horse  and  the  com¬ 
pany  of  friendly  Natick  Indians,  and  to  scout  from  Quonsigamon 
pond  towards  Wachuset  and  thence  to  “  Nashaway  and  the 
Weshakem  Ponds,”  and  join  the  main  force,  awaiting  probably  at 
Brookfield  or  Marlborough.  The  result  of  this  scouting  expedi- 


CAPT.  SILL  AT  THE  EASTWARD. 


271 


tion  under  Capt.  Sill  is  not  found  recorded.  The  enemy  were 
now  scattered  towards  Plymouth  Colony  and  into  the  eastern  parts, 
about  Dover,  Wells,  and  as  far  as  Casco  Bay. 

The  main  part  of  the  troops  in  this  campaign  was  dismissed 
early  in  July,  but  about  the  first  of  September  we  find  Capt.  Sill 
again  in  command  of  a  company  and  marching  to  the  eastward 
to  protect  the  frontier  settlements  now  threatened  by  the  many 
hostile  Indians  who  had  taken  refuge  with  the  tribes  in  those 
parts.  At  Dover,  on  September  6th,  his  company,  together  with 
that  of  Capt.  Hathorne,  found  four  hundred  Indians  who  were 
gathered  at  Dover  at  Major  Waldron’s,  with  whom  the  neighbor¬ 
ing  tribes  had  made  peace.  The  Captains  Hathorne  and  Sill  were 
commissioned  to  seize  and  kill  all  Indians  who  had  been  con¬ 
cerned  in  the  war,  and  there  were  many  of  these  mixed  in  with 
the  peaceful  tribes  and  had  come  hither  under  their  protection 
and  pledge.  The  Captains  urged  their  commission,  and  Major 
Waldron  urged  his  duty  and  pledge  of  hospitality;  but  find¬ 
ing  them  determined  he  compromised  the  matter  by  planning  a 
stratagem  by  which  some  two  hundred  of  the  hostile  Indians  were 
made  prisoners,  while  Wannalancet  and  his  Pennacooks,  Ossipees 
and  Pequakets  were  allowed  to  depart  unharmed.  The  account 
of  this  transaction  will  properly  fall  under  the  chapter  concerning 
Major  Waldron. 

Two  days  after  this  affair  these  companies,  together  with  some 
of  Major  Waldron’s  and  Capt.  Frost’s  men,  marched  on  to  the 
eastward  as  far  probably  as  Falmouth,  but,  finding  no  enemy 
and  all  the  settlements  deserted  or  destroyed,  they  returned 
to  Piscataqua,  and  were  in  these  parts  on  October  3d,  as  men¬ 
tioned  in  a  letter  of  Gen.  Denison  to  the  Council.  Capts. 
Sill,  Hunting  and  Frost  are  said  to  be  there  under  com¬ 
mand  of  Capt.  Hathorne.  It  was  there,  about  this  time,  that 
some  insubordination  or  other  objectionable  conduct  occurred, 
which  occasioned  the  following  action  of  the  Court  on  October 
17th,  1676 : 

Whereas  Capt.  Joseph  Scyll  hath  therefore  binn  imployed  in  the 
countrys  service,  as  commander  of  a  company,  &  that  information  is 
given  that  of  late  he  hath  carried  himself  offencively  in  that  place,  this 
Court  doth  theffore  order,  that  the  said  Scyll  be  forthwith  dischardged 
from  that  imploy,  &  some  other  meet  person  appointed  in  his  room. 

[Colony  Records,  vol.  vi.  p.  126.] 

I  find  no  explanation  of  this  in  any  other  place,  and  no  subse¬ 
quent  action  by  the  Court  concerning  Capt.  Sill,  save  that 
indicated  in  the  answer  to  the  petition  below,  which  appears  also 
in  Colony  Records,  vol.  v.  p.  506.  Mr.  Hubbard’s  account  indi¬ 
cates  that  Capt.  Sill  still  held  his  command,  and  went  with  Capt. 
Hathorne  on  the  march  in  November,  1676,  to  Ossipee  and 


272 


king  philip’s  war. 


Pequaket.  Sometime  before  November  7,  1681,  Capt.  Sill 
removed  to  Lyme,  Conn.,  where  he  was  living  at  that  date.  He 
died  at  Lyme,  August  6,  1696.  His  son  Thomas  was  a  ship¬ 
master,  lived  in  Boston  in  1699,  and  was  probably  the  Capt.  Sill 
who  died  there  in  May,  1709. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Joseph  Syll. 


November  30th  1675 

Samuel  Gibson 

00 

17 

00 

Benjamin  Dowse 

00 

14 

06 

William  Barret,  Lt. 

01 

03 

08 

Joshua  Begalow 

00 

14 

06 

John  Craig 

00 

16 

02 

John  Bond 

00 

14 

06 

John  Hastings 

00 

17 

00 

James  Kellon 

00 

14 

06 

Jason  Russell 

00 

14 

06 

Samuel  Cutler 

00 

14 

06 

John  Squire 

00 

14 

06 

George  Dell 

00 

14 

06 

Samuel  Buck 

00 

14 

06 

Jonathan  Smith 

00 

14 

06 

Samuel  Robins 

00 

14 

06 

Isaac  Larned 

00 

14 

02 

Abraham  Spencer 

01 

19 

00 

Paul  Wilson 

00 

14 

06 

Solomon  Prentis 

00 

09 

06 

Nathaniel  Hely 

00 

14 

06 

John  Simpull 

00 

14 

06 

John  Chadwick 

00 

14 

06 

John  Melven 

00 

14 

06 

Gershom  Swan 

03 

00 

00 

John  Crumwell 

00 

14 

06 

Nath1  Sanger 

00 

14 

06 

John  Bradshaw 

01 

05 

08 

Samuel  Peirce 

04 

16 

00 

James  Holland 

00 

09 

04 

Samuel  Butterick 

04 

16 

00 

Benjamin  Rice 

00 

12 

00 

Roger  Jones 

04 

16 

00 

William  Crouch 

01 

19 

04 

Joseph  Syll 

03 

06 

09 

Thomas  Foster 

01 

04 

05 

December  20th  1675 

Josuah  Eaton 

00 

14 

06 

Daniel  Warrin 

00 

10 

04 

February  29th  1675-6 

Joseph  Waite 

00 

14 

06 

Joseph  Syll,  Capt. 

07 

10 

00 

William  Sheaf 

01 

03 

08 

Thomas  Hovey 

02 

00 

00 

Nathaniel  Frothingham 

00 

17 

00 

Benjamin  Russell 

01 

10 

00 

William  Bodman 

00 

14 

06 

Robert  Burdall 

01 

10 

00 

Peter  Frothingham 

00 

14 

06 

John  Foskett 

00 

18 

00 

Amos  Marrett 

00 

14 

06 

Obadiah  Searl 

01 

10 

00 

Zachariah  Brigden 

00 

14 

06 

March  24th  1675-6 

Samuel  Cooke 

00 

14 

06 

Zachariah  Sawtell 

02 

05 

04 

William  Brown 

00 

14 

06 

John  Barrett 

01 

10 

00 

John  Bicknell 

00 

14 

06 

Abraham  Cosens 

01 

08 

02 

Thomas  Moussell 

01 

04 

03 

James  Wheeler 

01 

08 

02 

Timothy  Cutler 

00 

02 

06 

John  Gleeson 

01 

08 

02 

James  Smith 

00 

02 

06 

April  24th 

1676 

Elnathan  Beeres 

00 

14 

06 

Daniel  Magennis 

02 

08 

00 

Nathaniel  Bersham 

00 

14 

06 

Thomas  Adams 

01 

08 

02 

John  Oyne 

00 

14 

06 

Thomas  Talley 

01 

06 

06 

Thomas  Hamond 

00 

14 

06 

William  Pashly 

01 

12 

06 

John  Barnard 

00 

14  06 

Thomas  Polly 

00 

15 

04 

William  Richardson 

00 

17 

06 

Samuel  Cleaveland 

02 

04 

06 

Thomas  Rand 

00 

14 

06 

William  Vines 

01 

09 

02 

Joseph  Dana 

00 

14 

06 

Daniel  Hudson 

02 

02 

00 

Thomas  White 

01 

04 

09 

Richard  Taylor 

00 

14 

10 

January  25th  1675-6 

Jonathan  Crisp 

01 

13 

00 

Andrew  Stimson 

00 

14 

06 

|  Thomas  Whitney 

03 

11 

00 

CREDITS  UNDER  CAPT.  SIDE.  273 


Philip  Jones 

03 

01 

00 

July  24th  1676 

June  24th  1676 

Joseph  Clark 

11 

05 

03 

George  Adams 

01 

08 

02 

Moses  Whitney 

03 

05 

00 

Samuel  Lampson 

02 

19 

06 

John  Goodwin 

02 

18 

00 

Thomas  Adams 

01 

08 

02 

Samuel  Damman 

00 

17 

00 

Joseph  Peirce 

01 

06 

00 

John  Fisk 

03 

12 

00 

James  Bernard 

03 

05 

00 

Hopewell  Davis 

01 

09 

00 

Francis  Shepheard 

01 

05 

08 

Nathaniel  Kettle 

00 

18 

00 

Ephraim  Bemish 

03 

05 

00 

Jonathan  Cary 

01 

05 

00 

Josiah  Hobbs 

03 

06 

00 

Thomas  Mitchinson 

02 

13 

00 

Josiah  Clarson 

02 

07 

10 

Richard  Woods 

01 

06 

06 

Joseph  Simons 

02 

07 

10 

Henry  Salter 

01 

10 

10 

Sebread  Taylor 

02 

07 

00 

August  24th  1676 

Henry  Harris 

02 

06 

02 

John  Chapman 

02 

08 

10 

Jonathan  Laurence 

01 

14 

06 

Jonathan  Barker 

01 

06 

06 

Joseph  Lambson 

01 

05 

08 

Jonathan  Remmington 

09 

08 

08 

Zachariah  Brigden 

02 

08 

00 

William  Stephens 

03 

13 

08 

Joseph  Bickner 

01 

05 

08 

Ambros  Mackfassett 

02 

18 

00 

Jacob  Amsden 

03 

00 

00 

John  Tarball 

03 

13 

10 

Paul  Wilson 

01 

02 

02 

Mathew  Griffin 

04 

08 

09 

William  Twing 

01 

05 

08 

Thomas  Hall 

01 

10 

00 

John  Chapman 

03 

19 

06 

Edward  Smith 

03 

13 

00 

John  Figg 

01 

05 

08 

Samuel  Scripture 

02 

04 

06 

William  Gill 

03 

03 

00 

Ambros  Mackfassett 

00 

04 

02 

Simon  Rogers 

01 

05 

08 

William  Tarball 

02 

04 

06 

Joseph  Smith 

01 

09 

00 

Joseph  Harris 

01 

10 

00 

Theophilus  Thornton 

01 

05 

08 

John  Salter 

00 

16 

02 

Nicholas  Bullis 

01 

05 

08 

Thomas  Whitney 

00 

04 

02 

Joseph  Bateman 

01 

05 

08 

Thomas  Chadwick 

01 

10 

10 

Ambros  Mackfassett 

00 

14 

06 

Samuel  Lord 

01 

15 

10 

Moses  Wheat 

01 

10 

10 

Cornelius  Church 

03 

13 

00 

Jeremiah  Mosse 

03 

10 

00 

John  Walker 

01 

10 

10 

Samuel  Lewis 

01 

10 

00 

Theophilus  Philips 

03 

12 

06 

John  Barnard 

05 

15 

10 

Jacob  Waters 

00 

07 

08 

Humphrey  Miller 

02 

07 

02 

Thomas  Parker 

04 

19 

09 

Thomas  Region 

01 

16 

00 

Ephraim  Philips 

02 

04 

06 

Timothy  Cutler 

01 

09 

00 

Thomas  Farmer 

02 

04 

06 

Richard  Griffin 

01 

07 

04 

John  Barbeene 

02 

15 

00 

Zechariah  Brigden 

01 

09 

02 

Jonathan  Whitney 

03 

13 

08 

Joseph  Needham 

04 

01 

00 

John  Eliott 

02 

07 

00 

Samuel  Taylor 

03 

06 

00 

Joseph  Symons 

01 

18 

06 

Samuel  Parry 

01 

09 

02 

Jonathan  Smith 

02 

04 

06 

James  Barnard 

04 

01 

00 

Ellis  Barron 

03 

18 

00 

John  Gale 

01 

08 

02 

John  Cutler 

01 

11 

08 

Simon  Stone 

03 

11 

00 

Samuel  Perry 

01 

18 

06 

John  Clary 

02 

08 

00 

Benony  Macktonnell 

03 

06 

00 

Joseph  Blanchard 

01 

08 

02 

Benjamin  Symons 

03 

00 

00 

Isaac  Emsden 

03 

12 

00 

Samuel  Gallup 

01 

06 

06 

Jonathan  Kettle 

02 

03 

08 

Jonathan  Parker 

01 

09 

00 

Samuel  Bickner 

01 

15 

02 

Zechariah  Cuttin 

02 

14 

10 

Hopewell  Davis 

01 

16 

00 

Henry  Prentice 

03 

10 

00 

John  Mirick 

02 

03 

08 

John  Streeter 

03 

06 

09 

274 

KING 

philip’s  war. 

Jonathan  Parker 

01 

01 

04 

John  Barnard 

00 

18 

00 

Nathaniel  Greene 

02 

04 

06 

Humphrey  Millard 

03 

01 

08 

John  Weld  jnr 

01 

06 

06 

Benjamin  Merifield 

00 

11 

00 

Benjamin  Burges 

01 

06 

06 

George  Dill 

01 

16 

10 

Zechariah  Padlefoot 

01 

06 

06 

John  Mudg 

03 

12 

10 

James  Atkesson 

00 

07 

08 

James  Miller 

00 

04 

02 

John  Sanders 

02 

19 

00 

John  Salter 

00 

09 

04 

Joseph  Lowe 

02 

09 

08 

Daniel  Woodward 

00 

15 

04 

Zacharius  Brigden 

01 

00 

06 

Hopewell  Davis 

02 

08 

00 

John  Bateman 

02 

07 

00 

Isaac  Laurence 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Waight 

00 

15 

04 

James  Wallis 

00 

14 

06 

Thomas  Frost 

00 

14 

06 

John  Robey 

01 

16 

00 

William  Ball 

00 

04 

02 

Alexander  Steward 

00 

04 

02 

Caleb  Ray  als.  Rey 

00 

06 

10 

John  Parker 

00 

14 

06 

William  Butter 

02 

19 

02 

John  Knight 

02 

14 

00 

Zechariah  Hicks 

01 

00 

06 

Abraham  Whitaker 

02 

15 

08 

Peter  Edgerton 

03 

03 

00 

Mathew  Clark 

02 

15 

08 

Joseph  Mayo 

02 

09 

00 

Nicholas  Browne 

02 

15 

08 

September  23d  1676 

John  Hartshorn 

02 

15 

08 

John  Dunton 

01 

02 

02 

Joseph  Syll,  Capt. 

06 

00 

00 

Nehemiah  Tatingham 

03 

05 

00 

Jacob  Bullard 

02 

04 

06 

Thomas  Chamberlain 

01 

09 

02 

Philip  Gleson 

00 

17 

00 

Stephen  Francis 

01 

18 

03 

Daniel  Maginis 

04 

13 

00 

Justinian  Houlding 

00 

16 

03 

Thomas  Dawby 

00 

14 

10 

Joseph  Holland 

02 

08 

10 

The  names  of  those  who  served  under  Capt.  Sill  after  Septem¬ 
ber  23d,  1676,  were  credited  in  a  later  Journal,  now  lost.  The 
following  interesting  document  explains  itself : 

To  the  honored  Generali  Court  assembled  at  Boston  the  Petition  of 

Joseph  Sill, 

humbly  sheweth 

That  your  petitioner  accounts  it  a  great  priviledge  that  from  his  child¬ 
hood  he  hath  bin  trained  up,  and  hath  spent  so  many  of  his  dayes 
under  your  government,  and  cannot  without  singular  content  and  com¬ 
placency  call  to  minde,  that  he  hath  bin  honoured  to  be  called  forth 
under  your  commission,  to  appear  in  the  field  against  your  enemies,  in 
pursuance  of  which  he  did  according  to  his  mean  ability  serve  you 
faithfully,  and  for  length  of  time  and  number  of  expeditions,  may 
(without  ostentation  be  it  spoken)  compare  with  most  if  not  any  who 
were  listed  in  your  service;  and  accounts  noe  part  of  his  dayes,  next 
to  those  which  have  bin  improved  in  the  immediate  service  of  God,  so 
well  spent  as  those  which  have  bin  imployed  in  the  service  of  his 
country  and  the  government,  remaining  still  devoted,  in  all  that  he 
hath  and  is,  unto  your  service,  without  any  selfish  aimes.  Yet  being 
well  assured  that  your  noble  and  generous  inclinations  are  not  inferior, 
to  his  who  accounted  that  day  lost  in  which  some  or  other  were  not 
benefited  by  him,  nor  to  his,  who  was  displeased  with  such  as  asked 
no  kindness  from  him,  he  must  confess  that  he  hath  some  ambition  that 
it  may  be  manifested  that  he  is  not  forgotten  amongst  those  that  have 


PETITION  OF  CAPT.  SILL  IN  1685. 


275 


tasted  of  your  beneficence,  and  humbly  craves  of  the  honoured  court 
that  you  would  please  to  grant  to  him  a  small  number  of  acres  of  that 
land  which  hath  bin  recovered  from  the  enimy,  that  so  a  little  part  of 
what  he  hath  seen  with  his  eyes  and  trod  with  his  feet,  in  your  service, 
may  be  committed  into  his  hands,  and  that  so  he  may  the  more  com¬ 
fortably  share  in  the  blessings  of  these  peaceful  days  wherein  men  may 
beat  theyr  swords  into  plow  shares,  and  your  petitioner  shall  pray,  &c. 

Joseph  Sill. 


The  magistrs  judg  meet  to  grant  the  petitioner 
two  hundred  acres  of  Land  where  he  can  find 
it  free ;  their  brethren  the  Deputys  hereto  consenting. 

Edward  Rawson,  Sec’y. 

The  deputyes  consent  not  upon  the  consideration  that  this  Court  hath 
already  granted  a  plantation  of  eight  miles  square  in  the  nepmug  coun¬ 
trey  for  the  Accommodating  such  as  were  souldiers  in  the  Late  Warr 
with  whom  the  petitioner  may  have  his  liberty  to  come  in  for  a  settle¬ 
ment  if  hee  thinke  good. 

Richard  Sprague,  pr  order. 

November  ye  19th  1685. 

[Mass.  Archives,  vol.  70,  p.  148.] 


XX. 


VARIOUS  OFFICERS  AND  COMPANIES. 


LIEUT.  WILLIAM  HASEY  AND  HIS  COMPANY. 


WILLIAM  HASEY, Boston, as  early  as  1652,  lived  at  “Pull¬ 
ing  Point ;  ”  afterwards  a  large  land-owner  at  Rumney- 
Marsh ;  Artillery  Company,  1652 ;  freeman  (Hazzey), 
1665.  By  wife  Sarah  had  Esther,  born  about  1650,  married 
Lieut.  Henry  Green  of  Malden,  January  11,  1671,  and  died  Feb¬ 
ruary  26,  1747 ;  William,  born  Sept.  15,  1652 ;  Asa,  born  Janu¬ 
ary  1,  1655  ;  Joseph,  May  29,  1657 ;  Susanna,  May  30,  1660  ; 
Martha,  baptized  April  24,  1665.  Lieut.  Hasey  married,  second, 
May  16, 1681,  Mrs.  Judith,  widow  of  Capt.  Jonathan  Poole.  He 
died  at  Reading,  May  30,  1689,  aged  about  70  years. 

Cornet  William  Hasey  (or  Haisy),  May  27,  1674,  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Lieutenant  of  the  “  Three  County  Troop,”  of  which 
Edward  Hutchinson  was  Captain  and  Jonathan  Poole  was  made 
at  same  time  Cornet;  in  Philip’s  war  commanded  a  company  in 
the  summer  of  1675.  I  find  no  connection  between  this  family 
and  William  Hearsy  of  Hingham. 

William,  the  son,  married  Judith,  and  had  William,  born  De¬ 
cember  21,  1679;  Jacob,  born  August  26,  1684;  Judith,  Abi¬ 
gail,  Martha;  Nathaniel,  March  13,  1693;  and  died  June  7th, 
1695,  aged  43,  leaving  widow  Judith,  who  died  November  17, 
1718,  aged  68  years. 


Credited  under  Lieut.  William  Hasey. 


October  5th  1675 

Phineas  Sprague 

00 

18 

06 

Benjamin  Barrett 

00 

18 

00 

John  Green,  Gorpr. 

01 

02 

03 

James  Barrett 

00 

18 

06 

John  Brown,  Gorpr. 

01 

02 

03 

Samuel  Weeden 

00 

18 

06 

John  Eaton 

00 

18 

06 

Daniel  Greenland 

00 

18 

06 

Henry  Greene 

00 

18 

06 

Edward  Tuttle 

00 

18 

06 

Samuel  Richarson 

00 

18 

06 

Joseph  Weeden 

00 

08 

06 

Thomas  Peirce 

00 

18 

06 

Thomas  Wheeler 

01 

02 

03 

John  Gould 

00 

18 

06 

Thomas  Wilson 

00 

18 

06 

Joseph  Wright 

00 

18 

06 

John  Greenland 

00 

13 

00 

John  Batchelor 

00 

18 

06 

Thomas  Brinknoll 

00 

18 

06 

John  Kendall 

00 

18 

06 

John  Green 

00 

18 

06 

Thomas  Hodgman 

00 

18 

06 

William  Green,  Gorpr. 

00 

15 

06 

Josias  Brown 

00 

18 

06 

CAPT.  MANNING  AND  HIS  MEN.  277 


Joseph  Wing 

00 

18 

06 

August  24th  1676 

Increas  Wing 

00 

18 

06 

Thomas  Wheeler 

00 

17 

00 

John  Brown 

00 

18 

06 

John  Barrett 

00 

14 

03 

Richard  Middleton 

00 

18 

06 

Increas  Wing 

00 

14 

03 

Joseph  Richardson 

00 

18 

06 

John  Richeson 

00 

17 

00 

William  Hasey,  Lieut. 

02 

06 

06 

Thomas  Hodgman 

00 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Poole,  Cornt. 

01 

17 

02 

William  Greene 

00 

17 

00 

Isaac  Brookes 

00 

18 

06 

Phineas  Sprague 

00 

17 

00 

July  24th  1676 

Joseph  Winn 

00 

14 

03 

Nathaniel  Richesson 

00 

14 

03 

Thomas  Brintnall 

00 

14 

03 

Samuel  Richeson 

00 

05 

09 

William  Hasey,  Lieut. 

01 

15 

09 

Stephen  Richeson 

00 

04 

03 

John  Kendall 

00 

07 

00 

Isaac  Brooks 

00 

01 

06 

September  23d  1676 

John  Eaton 

00 

14 

03 

John  Waite 

00 

14 

00 

Thomas  Peirce 

00 

14 

03 

John  Greene 

00 

14 

00 

Thomas  Gery 

00 

14 

03 

CAPT.  NICHOLAS  MANNING,  OP  IPSWICH,  AND  HIS  MEN. 

Capt.  Nicholas  Manning  was  the  son  of  Richard  Manning,  of 
Dartmouth,  co.  Devon,  England,  and  Anstiss  (Calley),  and  was 
born  there  June  23d,  1644.  He  came  to  Salem  (perhaps  as 
mariner)  and  married  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Robert  Gray,  June 
23d,  1663,  and  had  children  —  Thomas,  Nicholas,  Margaret, 
John,  born  between  1664  and  1668,  and  all  died  young.  His 
mother  Anstiss,  then  a  widow,  came  to  Salem  in  1679,  with  six 
children,  of  whom  Thomas,  born  February  11,  1664  (the  young¬ 
est  brother  of  Nicholas),  was  the  ancestor  (gr.  grandfather)  of 
Elizabeth  Clarke  Manning,  mother  of  Nathaniel  Hawthorne,  the 
eminent  author.  Nicholas  served  in  the  Mount  Hope  campaign, 
June,  1675,  in  Capt.  Paige’s  Troop,  was  also  in  command  of  a 
company  that  marched  out  to  Narraganset  to  recruit  the  army 
after  the  Great  Swamp  Fight.  His  nephew  Samuel  inherited  his 
Narraganset  claim. 

He  was  an  adherent  of  the  Andros  government,  and  under  that 
was  appointed  to  a  judgeship  on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  upon 
Andros’s  overthrow  he  was  arrested  and  imprisoned  as  one  of  his 
followers. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Nicholas  Manning. 


February  29th  1675-6 

Samuel  Smith 

01 

10 

00 

Richard  Scott 

04 

10 

00 

Ezekiel  Mihill 

01 

10 

00 

John  Ballard 

01 

16 

00 

Daniel  Gobeley 

01 

10 

00 

AnthonyN  eedham, 

Lieut.  10 

10 

00 

- Beckett 

01 

10 

00 

Stephen  Henrick 

01 

10 

00 

April  24th 

1676 

Thomas  Raymond 

01 

10 

00 

Samuel  Varnam 

02 

00 

00 

Richard  George 

04 

10 

00 

John  Rugles 

05 

16 

00 

March  24th  1675 

June  24th  1676 

Abiel  Lamb 

04 

10 

00 

John  Wheeler 

01 

10 

00 

John  Pickard 

01 

10 

00 

Resolved  White 

02 

10 

00 

278 

KING 

philip’s  war. 

John  Chapman 

04 

10 

00 

Robert  Kinsman 

01 

10 

00 

Edward  Colcord 

02 

00 

00 

Nicholas  Manning,  Capt.  18  00 

00 

Richard  Norman 

01 

10 

00 

Jonathan  Fairbanks 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Fuller 

01 

10 

00 

Alwin  Breed 

01 

10 

00 

Ebenezer  Prout 

04 

10 

00 

Caleb  Kemball 

01 

10 

00 

John  Spauldin 

02 

00 

00 

Elihu  Wardall 

01 

10 

00 

William  Rayment 

01 

16 

00 

July  24th  1676 

Christopher  Palmer 

01 

08 

07 

James  Kidd 

01 

14 

00 

Jonathan  Moore 

01 

12 

10 

Henry  Farrar 

02 

10 

00 

John  Lewis 

01 

16 

00 

August  24th  1676 

Samuel  Johnson 

01 

10 

00 

Benjamin  White 

04 

10 

00 

Nathaniel  Kirkland 

01 

16 

00 

- Palmer 

02 

08 

00 

Joseph  Collins 

01 

10 

00 

Joseph  Smith 

02 

00 

00 

Samuel  Hartwell 

01 

10 

00 

CAPT.  JONATHAN  REMINGTON  AND  HIS  MEN. 

Jonathan  Remington  was  the  son  of  John  of  Newbury,  1637, 
and  was  born  February  12,  1639;  settled  in  Cambridge  and 
married  Martha  Belcher,  daughter  of  Andrew,  July  13th,  1664, 
and  had  Martha,  born  February  18,  1666-7,  died  April  23,  1669  ; 
Jonathan,  born  March  17,  1668-9,  died  April  16,  1669 ;  Martha, 
born  October  28,  1674,  married  Capt.  Nicholas  Bowes  of  Boston, 
January  19,  1718-19  ;  Jonathan,  born  September  25,  1677 ;  Sam¬ 
uel,  born  July  11,  1679,  died  June  3d,  1680  ;  Anna,  born  January 
30,  1680-81,  married  John  Hill,  June  24th,  1708;  John  and 
Mary,  who  died  1689  and  1690  ;  Elizabeth,  had  a  share  in  the 
estate;  Sarah,  born  May  10,  1688,  married  John  Biscoe  of  Water- 
town,  February  1,  1710-11.  Was  prominent  in  public  and 
especially  in  military  affairs,  and  from  1682  till  his  death  kept 
the  original  “  Blue  Anchor  Tavern,”  Cambridge.  He  held  the 
position  of  corporal  in  the  local  military  company  at  Cambridge, 
and  was  in  command  of  a  company  during  the  winter  and  spring 
of  1675-6.  He  was  active  in  the  later  Indian  war,  in  1689  at 
Groton,  and  in  1691  at  Wells  and  in  the  eastward  parts.  He 
died  April  21,  1700,  leaving  his  widow  Martha,  who  died  July 
16,  1711,  and  through  his  son  Jonathan  left  a  notable  and  numer¬ 
ous  posterity.  He  served  with  the  Cambridge  men  under  Capt. 
Davenport  in  the  Narraganset  campaign,  and  was  in  the  Swamp 
fight.  In  the  winter  following  he  was  active  in  the  command 
and  supply  of  some  of  the  garrisons  in  the  interior  towns,  and 
was  ordered,  March  11,  1675-6,  to  leave  “the  garrison”  and 
march  his  soldiers  home.  His  son  Jonathan  inherited  his  Narra¬ 
ganset  claim. 


Credited  under  Captain  Jonathan  Remington 


April  24th  1676 

John  King  03  15  00 

Aaron  Jaques  03  06  00 

Joseph  Gridley  03  17  00 


William  Bishop 
Peter  Hanchett 
William  Haywood 
Caleb  Jackson 


03  06  00 
04  10  10 
04  10  10 
04  10  00 


CAPT.  REYNOLDS’  MEN.  279 


Tobiah  Redman 

02 

07 

02 

William  Brown 

01 

16 

00 

Robert  Wills 

04 

17 

06 

John  Burrows 

02 

07 

02 

Jeremiah  Hood 

04 

10 

10 

Francis  Cooke 

04 

09 

10 

William  Smith 

02 

07 

02 

John  Parrum 

03 

06 

00 

Richard  Higinbottom  03  06  00 

Richard  Sawtell  03  06  00 

Thomas  Thorp  03  06  00 

June  24th  1676 

John  Hollis  04  10  10 

Samuel  Williams  )  AK  A1  nn 

and  his  man  }  05  01  00 


LIEUT.  NATHANIEL  EEYNOLDS  AND  HIS  MEN. 


Nathaniel  Reynolds,  born  in  England,  was  the  son  of  Robert 
and  Mary,  of  Boston  as  early  as  1632.  He  married  Sarah  Dwight 
of  Dedham,  November  30,  1657.  She  died  July  8,  1663,  and  he 
married  Priscilla  Brackett,  of  Boston,  before  February  21,  1666. 
Children  of  Sarah,  first  wife, —  Sarah,  born  July  26,  1659,  married 
John  Fosdick  ;  Mary,  born  November  20,  1660,  died  aged  2  years, 
2  months  ;  Nathaniel,  born  March  3,  1662-3.  By  second  wife  — 
John,  born  August  4,  1668,  died  1757,  aged  88  years;  Peter, 
born  January  26,  1670;  Philip,  born  September  15,  1672,  died 
young;  Joseph,  born  January  9,  1677,  died  January  16,  1759, 
aged  82  years  7  days  ;  Hannah,  born  January  15,  1682,  married 
Samuel  Royall;  Mary,  born  1684?  married  Nathaniel  Woodbury ; 
Benjamin,  born  May  10,  1686  (in  Bristol) ;  Ruth,  born  Dec.  9, 
1688,  married  Josiah  Cary. 

He  was  of  the  Artillery  Company  1658,  and  admitted  freeman 
1665.  He  was  in  command  of  the  garrison  at  Chelmsford  in  the 
fall  and  winter  of  1675-6,  and  on  February  25th  the  inhabitants 
petition  the  Court  that  he  be  allowed  to  remain,  with  his  soldiers, 
for  their  protection.  He  removed  to  Bristol,  R.I.,  after  the  war, 
and  was  prominent  in  the  organization  and  development  of  that 
town. 


April  24th  1676 


Thomas  Wiborn 

00 

18 

00 

June  24th  1676 

Michael  Bastow 

00 

18 

00 

Humphrey  Miller 

02 

18 

00 

John  Sergeant 

00 

12 

00 

Zibeon  Leatherland 

00 

12 

00 

Digory  Sergeant 

02 

10 

06 

Joseph  Saxton 

00 

12 

00 

Azbin  Morris 

00 

12 

00 

James  Mecranell 

01 

04 

00 

Joseph  Lamson 

00 

12 

00 

03  15  04 
03  15  04 
00  12  00 
00  12  00 
02  08  00 
02  03  08 
00  12  04 
01  04  00 
July  24th  1676 
Samuel  Peacock  00  14  00 

August  24th  1676 

Nath’l  Reynolds,  Lieut.  04  05  00 


Credited  under  Lieut.  Nath1  Reynolds. 

Thomas  Stacy 
David  Couch 
Joseph  Bicknell 
Joseph  Bateman 
William  Twing 
James  Burrell 
Robert  Mason 
Ephraim  Mosse 


280 


king  philip’s  war. 


CAPT.  JOHN  HOLBROOKE,  OF  WEYMOUTH,  AND  HIS  MEN. 

Capt.  John  Holbrooke  was  the  son  of  Thomas,  and  the  follow¬ 
ing  list  from  the  N.  England  Hist,  and  Gen.  Register,  Vol. 
xxv.  p.  14,  serves  to  fix  the  date  of  the  family’s  arrival  at  Wey¬ 
mouth,  Mass. 

Waymouth  [England]  ye  20th  of  March  1635  [-6] 
Bound  for  New  England 

[No]  66  Thomas  Holbrooke  of  Broudway  aged  34:  yeare 

67  Jane  Holbrooke  his  wife  aged  34  Yeare 

68  John  Holbrooke  his  sonne  aged  11  yeare 

69  Thomas  Holbrooke  his  sonne  aged  10  yeare 

70  Anne  Holbrooke  his  daughtr  aged  5  yeare 

71  Elizabeth  Holbrooke  his  daughtf  aged  1  yeare. 

All  the  data  we  have  concerning  Capt.  John  show  the  above 
age  to  have  been  some  six  years  less  than  that  given  upon  his 
gravestone,  and  to  have  been  incompatible  with  many  points  in 
his  history.  He  married  Elizabeth  Stream,  who  died  June  25th, 
1688,  aged  64  years  ;  and  second,  widow  Mary  Loring,  who  sur¬ 
vived  him.  His  children  were  —  John,  married  Abigail  Pierce, 
daughter  of  Capt.  Michael ;  a  daughter,  married  Simon  Whit- 
marsh;  Abiezer ;  Hannah,  married  Ephraim  Pierce,  son  of  Capt. 
Michael;  Grace,  married  Joseph  Nash  of  Boston;  Samuel;  Lois 
and  Eunice,  twins ;  Eunice,  married  Benjamin  Ludden ;  Ex¬ 
perience,  married  Joseph  Edson  ;  Ichabod,  married  Sarah  Turner. 

Capt.  Holbrooke  was  a  very  enterprising  man  of  business,  and 
his  real  estate  operations  were  quite  extensive  for  his  day.  He 
was  also  prominent  in  military  affairs,  was  Lieutenant  of  the 
local  company,  and,  August  8th,  1664,  was  chosen  to  go  upon 
some  service  as  Lieutenant  in  the  company  of  Capt.  Hudson, 
but  his  wife  and  family  being  sick  at  the  time,  Ensign  John 
Thurston,  of  Hingham,  was  appointed  in  his  stead.  In  the  time 
of  Philip’s  war  he  was  in  command  of  the  local  company,  and  in 
the  spring  of  1676  was  appointed  to  command  one  of  the  com¬ 
panies  raised  and  sent  out  to  suppress  the  “  Insolencies  ”  of  the 
Indians  and  to  “range  the  woods  towards  Hassanamesit.”  The 
following  papers  pertain  to  that  service.  Capt.  Holbrooke  died 
November  28,  1699,  leaving  a  large  estate  to  his  numerous  heirs. 

Concord  ye  29th  of  Aprill  1676 

Honrd  Sirs, 

According  to  orders  I  have  obtained  here  to  Concord  &  this  Day 
have  mustered  my  Company,  And  have  here  send  the  list  of  those  that 
not  appear  according  to  order  likewise  the  names  of  them  yt  are  here 
now  of  my  Companey,  which  are  but  very  Small  which  is  a  great  Dis¬ 
couragement  to  me,  therefore  my  humble  request  is  that  I  may  have 
my  Company  made  up  accordinge  to  my  order  of  80  men  or  else  yl  I 


capt.  holbrooke’s  men. 


281 


may  be  Dismissed  which  I  have  mention  to  yor  Honno”  alreadye  Iff  I 
should  not  have  a  full  Company.  Some  nessarys,  I  want  for  the 
Company  I  have  neither  Drume  nor  Collors,  which  I  Desire  that  If  you 
thinke  it  fitt  to  send  me  Either  houe-boye  or  a  Drumpiter  which  is  very 
requisitt,  having  nothing  Else  att  present  &  remaine 

Your  Honnors  Most  humble  Servant 

John  Holbrook. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  239. 

The  following  paper  is  doubtless  the  list  referred  to : 

These  are  to  Certifie  y®  Hond  Major  Generali  Denison  or  whome  it 
may  Conserne  Being  ordered  to  take  82  men  under  my  Command  to¬ 
gether  with  28  horses  &  14  men  to  tend  them,  viz.  being  order  by 
Major  Clarke 

39  men  from  Boston  4  horses  2  men 
9  men  from  Roxbury  4  horses  2  men 
9  men  from  Dorchester  4  horses  2  men 

6  men  from  Dedham  4  horses  2  men 

7  men  from  Brantry  4  horses  2  men 

6  men  from  Weymouth  4  horses  2  men 
6  men  from  Hingham  4  horses  2  men 

Defects  from  Boston  for  non-appearance  Jn°  Pemerton,  Jn°  Porter  & 
Richard  Knight  From  Dorchester  non-appearance,  Consider  Atherton, 
Henry  Wedarton  [Withington] ,  Ebezar  Clape.  From  Waymouth, 
Zachary  Gorney.  From  Hingham,  Jn°  Feres  &  Arthur  Sherman. 

p  me  John  Holbrooke  Cap“ 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  12. 


Credited  under  Capt.  John  Holbrooke. 


June  24th  1676 


Daniel  Adams 

01 

16 

00 

Samuel  Adams 

01 

04 

00 

Denis  Sihy 

02 

10 

00 

August  24th 

1676 

Samuel  Davis 

02 

00 

00 

Joseph  Lyon 

01 

11 

08 

Moses  Knapp 

03 

10 

00 

Roger  Prosser 

00 

13 

08 

Paul  Gilford 

02 

19 

00 

Daniel  Adams 

04 

12 

01 

Joseph  Walters 

04 

10 

00 

John  Scott 

00 

14 

06 

John  Plum 

01 

10 

00 

John  Harker 

03 

12 

00 

John  Randall 

01 

11 

08 

Samuel  Wales 

01 

12 

06 

James  Sinkler 

03 

02 

06 

Jeremiah  Conah 

03 

02 

06 

Benjamin  Molton 

03 

02 

06 

Benjamin  Bates 

05 

15 

10 

James  Atkins 

01 

15 

00 

Samuel  Blake 

03 

10 

08 

Thomas  William 

01 

10 

00 

Isaac  How 

01 

01 

04 

Samuel  Spencer 

01 

01 

04 

Caleb  Rey 

01 

14 

02 

John  Whitney 

00 

18 

00 

John  Ellen  worth 

01 

11 

08 

Sept  23d  1676 

Joseph  Tucker 

03 

05 

00 

Thomas  Hoppen 

01 

12 

06 

James  Hadlock 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Bull 

04 

07 

06 

John  Craft 

02 

14 

10 

Benjamin  Merifield 

03 

01 

08 

282 


king  philip’s  war. 


Joshuah  Child 
Richard  Puffer 
John  Parker 
Benjamin  Phillips 
William  Deane 


01  10  00 
02  01  00 
03  01  08 
01  10  10 
01  15  08 


Daniel  Harris  01  11  08 

William  Field  03  00  00 

Thomas  Betell  04  02  00 

John  Holbrooke,  Capt.  16  01  03 


CAPT.  JOHN  WHIPPLE,  OF  IPSWICH,  AND  HIS  MEN. 

The  Whipple  family  in  this  country  undoubtedly  descended 
from  Matthew  Whipple  of  Booking,  co.  Essex,  England,  a 
clothier.  Will  of  December  19th,  1616,  probated  January  28th, 
1618,  mentions  son  Matthew,  son  John,  daughters  Jane,  Eliza¬ 
beth,  Mary,  Anne,  Johane,  Amye ;  “  my  sister,  wife  of  Richard 
Rathbone ;  Hercules  Stephens,  grandchildren  Hercules  and 
Margaret  Arthur  and  Henry  and  Anne  Coldham.” 

The  two  brothers  Matthew  and  John,  who  were  settled  at 
Ipswich  some  time  before  1688,  were  probably  the  sons  men¬ 
tioned  above.  They  settled  at  the  “  Hamlet,”  now  the  town  of 
Hamilton.  John  was  a  deacon  or  ruling  elder  of  the  First 
Church.  He  was  freeman  1640,  and  representative  for  eight 
years  between  that  and  1653.  By  first  wife  he  had  children 
—  Mary,  John,  Susanna,  Sarah,  and  probably  others. 

Capt.  John,  son  of  “Elder”  John,  as  above,  born  in  Essex, 
England,  about  1626,  married,  first,  Martha  Reyner,  daughter 
of  Humphrey,  who  died  February  24, 1679 ;  married,  second,  Eliza¬ 
beth  Paine,  June  28th,  1680.  By  first  wife  had  children  —  John, 
born  July  15,  1657 ;  Matthew,  born  1658;  Joseph,  born  June  8, 
1666 ;  Susan,  Sarah  and  Anna.  He  was  appointed  Cornet  of 
the  Ipswich  troop  before  1675,  and  Captain  in  1683  in  place  of 
Capt.  John  Appleton.  He  was  Lieutenant  in  Capt.  Paige’s 
Troop  at  Mount  Hope,  June,  1675,  and  was  appointed  Captain 
of  a  troop  raised  for  service  under  Major  Savage  in  March,  1676 ; 
was  with  the  army  in  the  unsuccessful  manoeuvring  of  that 
campaign.  In  the  letter  of  the  Council  to  Mayor  Savage,  dated 
April  1st,  1676,  is  found  the  passage,  “Touching  that  Rebuke 
of  God  upon  Cap4  Whiple  and  ye  poore  people  at  Springfield  it 
is  a  matter  of  great  shame  and  humbling  to  us.”  This  was  in 
answer  to  one  from  Major  Savage  of  March  28th,  dated  at 
Hadley,  in  which  he  says  that  they  have  had  advice  from  Spring- 
field  that  eight  Indians  assaulted  sixteen  or  eighteen  men, 
besides  women  and  children,  as  they  were  going  to  meeting  from 
a  place  called  Long  Meadow,  “  and  killed  a  man  and  a  maid, 
wounded  two  men,  and  carried  away  captive  two  women  and 
two  children.”  One  of  the  men  killed  was  John  Keep.  Mrs. 
Sarah  Keep,  his  wife,  was  one  of  those  captured  with  her  child,  and 
died  soon  from  her  wounds.  Major  Savage  says,  further,  that 
being  apprised  of  that  affair  and  the  way  the  Indians  went,  he 
sent  out  sixteen  men  in  pursuit,  who  came  up  with  the  Indians, 
who,  as  soon  as  they  found  the  English  in  close  pursuit,  killed 


CAPT.  JOHN  WHIPPLE,  OP  IPSWICH,  AND  HIS  MEN.  283 


the  two  children,  and  striking  the  women  with  their  hatchets  upon 
the  head,  left  them  for  dead  and  fled.  The  horsemen  brought 
back  the  four  bodies,  the  women  being  yet  alive ;  one  recovered ; 
and  this  disaster  was  a  severe  reproach  to  the  guard,  who  in  a 
popular  rhyme  of  the  day  are  remembered  thus : 

“  Seven  Indians,  and  one  without  a  gun, 

Caused  Capt.  Nixon  and  forty  men  to  run.” 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  by  the  Council,  Capt.  Whipple,  as 
commander  of  the  troop,  and  perhaps  at  that  time  with  them,  was 
held  responsible  for  the  disaster.  I  know  nothing  of  Capt.  “  Nixon.” 

Credited  under  Capt.  John  Whipple  of  Ipswich. 


June  24th  1676 

Samuel  Chapman 

03 

07 

02 

John  Dodge 

03 

08 

06 

July  24th  1676 

Marke  Hascall 

03 

08 

06 

Joseph  Taylor 

03 

08 

06 

William  Smith 

03 

07 

00 

James  Hobbs 

03 

10 

00 

Richard  Child 

03 

08 

06 

Timothy  Bread 

03 

08 

06 

Thomas  Leaver 

03 

08 

06 

William  Dellow 

03 

08 

06 

Samuel  Smith 

03 

08 

06 

Henry  Kenny 

03 

08 

06 

Daniel  Wycome,  Qr.  Mr. 05 

02 

09 

James  Lowden 

00 

10 

00 

Joseph  Cask 

03 

08 

06 

Joseph  Eaton 

03 

08 

06 

John  Rayment 

03 

00 

00 

August  24th 

1676 

Thadeus  Berry 

03 

08 

06 

Thomas  Brintnall 

03 

08 

06 

Moses  Cleaveland 

03 

08 

06 

Thomas  Hodgman 

00 

17 

00 

John  Sawin 

03 

08 

06 

John  Whipple,  Capt. 

13 

14 

03 

John  Stone 

03 

08 

06 

Edward  Neland 

03 

08 

06 

Samuel  Stearnes 

03 

08 

06 

Samuel  Giddings 

09 

16 

05 

John  Wait 

03 

10 

00 

Thomas  Andrews 

03 

06 

08 

Samuel  Cooper 

02 

01 

00 

Ephraim  Fellows 

03 

19 

00 

James  Tenney 

02 

01 

00 

September  23d 

1676 

Samuel  Ladd 

04 

02 

00 

John  Browne 

04 

02 

00 

Christopher  Palmer 

04 

02 

04 

CAPT.  JOHN  JACOB,  OP  HINGHAM,  AND  HIS  MEN. 

Capt.  John  Jacob  was  the  son  of  Nicholas,  who  came  from  Old 
Hingham,  England,  to  Hingham,  Mass.,  in  1633,  with  wife  Mary 
and  children  John  and  Elizabeth;  and  there  had  Josiah,  Joseph, 
born  May  10, 1646,  and  four  daughters.  Nicholas  was  representa¬ 
tive  in  1648  and  1649,  and  died  June  5th,  1657. 

Capt.  John,  born  in  England,  married  Margery  Eames,  Octo¬ 
ber  20,  1653,  and  had  children — John,  born  October  20,  1654, 
who,  April  19,  1676,  was  killed  by  the  Indians  near  his  father’s 
house,  in  what  is  now  South  Hingham ;  Mary,  born  March  21, 
1656 ;  Sarah,  born  Sept.  29,  1657 ;  Benjamin,  April  2,  1659. 
First  wife  died  April  7,  1659,  and  he  married,  second,  October  3, 
1661,  Mary  Russell,  daughter  of  George,  and  had  Jael,  born 
September  7,  1662 ;  David,  born  June  20,  1664 ;  Elizabeth,  born 
April  11,  1666 ;  Peter,  born  February  12,  1668 ;  Hannah,  born 


284 


king  philip’s  war. 


December  26,  1669 ;  Samuel,  born  November  30,  1671 ;  Deborah, 
born  May  15,  1674,  died  soon ;  Deborah,  2d,  born  August  8, 1677  ; 
John,  2d,  born  July  31,  1679;  Lydia,  born  April  18,  ,1681; 
Abigail,  born  Nov.  13,  1683.  His  will,  probated  Dec.  31,  1693, 
names  his  twelve  living  children,  four  sons  and  eight  daughters. 
He  was  very  active  and  influential.  His  house  was  fortified  as  a 
garrison  by  order  of  the  General  Court,  Feb.  25,  1676.  He  was 
in  command  of  a  foot-company  of  about  eighty  men  at  Medfield, 
when,  on  Feb.  21,  1676-7,  the  town  was  attacked  by  a  large 
body  of  Indians  and  partially  destroyed.  There  were,  besides 
this  company  of  Capt.  Jacob,  a  detachment  of  twenty  troopers 
under  command  of  Lieut.  Edward  Oakes,  and  the  “  train-band  ” 
of  the  town,  about  one  hundred  in  number.  These  were 
quartered  about  the  town  in  the  various  houses,  and  there  were 
no  scouts  about  the  town  to  keep  watch  and  ward,  and  the  enemy 
crept  in  and  about  the  houses,  and  just  before  daylight,  at  a 
given  signal,  fired  the  detached  houses,  near  which  they  had 
placed  ambuscades,  and  when  the  people  and  the  soldiers 
quartered  there,  rushed  out,  they  were  shot  down.  The  main 
guard,  stationed  near  the  meeting-house,  had  a  cannon  which 
they  fired  several  times,  which  alarmed  the  inhabitants  and  prob¬ 
ably  frightened  the  enemy,  who  fled  across  the  river  towards 
Sherburne,  burning  the  bridge  behind  them,  thus  cutting  off  the 
slow  and  clumsy  pursuit  of  the  scattered  troops.  The  fullest 
account  of  this  affair  is  given  by  Major  Daniel  Gookin  in  his 
“  History  of  the  Christian  Indians.”  He  says  the  Indians  burnt 
about  forty  houses,  near  half  the  town,  and  killed  and  wounded 
about  twenty  people.  Among  the  killed  was  Lieut.  Henry 
Adams,  the  military  officer  of  the  town.  After  the  lieutenant’s 
death,  his  widow  Elizabeth  had  been  taken  to  the  house  of  the 
minister,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Wilson,  near  the  meeting-house,  and  here 
a  very  sad  and  strange  accident  occurred;  for  Mrs.  Adams,  who 
had  retired  to  the  chamber,  and  was  lying  upon  a  bed  just  over 
the  room  below,  in  which  Capt.  Jacob  and  some  of  the  officers 
and  guards  were  gathered,  was  killed  by  the  accidental  discharge 
of  a  gun  in  the  hand  of  Capt.  Jacob,  just  as  he  was  passing  out 
of  the  house  to  his  quarters,  and  having  his  gun  “  half-bent,”  i.e. 
at  half-cock,  the  muzzle  pointing  upward,  the  bullet  piercing 
through  “  the  floor  and  mat  through  and  through  the  body  of  the 
lieutenant’s  widow.”  He  was  with  Capt.  Johnson  in  the  Narra- 
ganset  campaign,  and,  on  the  Captain’s  death,  was  appointed  to 
the  command  of  the  company.1  He  was  afterwards  engaged 
during  the  winter,  with  Capt.  Wadsworth,  in  guarding  the  fron¬ 
tiers  from  Milton  to  the  Plymouth  Colony  bounds,  Weymouth, 
Hingham  and  Hull  being  assigned  in  particular  to  Capt.  Jacob. 
John,  2d,  inherited  his  Narraganset  claim. 

1  It  is  probable  that  in  the  “  Fort  Fight  ”  Lieut.  Henry  Bowen,  if  present,  took  the  command 
after  the  Captain  fell,  as  was  proper,  but  Capt.  Jacob  was  appointed  to  fill  the  place  afterward, 
as  were  other  senior  officers,  in  the  other  companies. 


CREDITS  UNDER  CAPT.  JOHN  JACOB,  OF  HINGHAM.  285 


Credited  under  Capt.  John  Jacob,  of  Hingham.1 


March  24th  1675-6 

John  Sibly 

02 

17 

04 

Nathaniel  Beales 

01 

09 

06 

July  24th  1676 

April  24th  1675 

John  Taylor 

00 

16 

09 

William  Williams 

00 

05 

00 

Ebenezer  Inglesby 

00 

10 

02 

James  Taylor 

01 

04 

00 

William  Bodkin 

00 

10 

02 

June  24th  1676 

August  24th  1676 

Thomas  Davis 

00 

09 

05 

Elisha  Foster 

00 

10 

02 

William  Field 

00 

12 

00 

Anthony  Hancock 

00 

10 

02 

Benjamin  Bignall 

00 

09 

02 

Edward  Blancher 

00 

10 

02 

John  Battle 

00 

12 

00 

John  Howen 

00 

10 

03 

Jeremiah  Fisher 

00 

12 

00 

John  Plumb 

00 

10 

02 

Benjamin  Wight 

00 

12 

00 

Samuel  Paule 

00 

15 

02 

Ephraim  Wilson 

00 

12 

00 

David  Fawkner 

00 

10 

02 

John  Thurston 

00 

12 

00 

John  Wells,  Jr. 

00 

10 

02 

Nathaniel  Farrington 

00 

12 

00 

Henry  Bowen 

00 

15 

00 

Edward  Segwell 

00 

12 

00 

John  Jacobs 

09 

17 

00 

John  G-ray 

00 

12 

00 

William  Paine 

00 

10 

02 

John  Cuckow 

00 

04 

02 

Thomas  Hoppin 

02 

18 

02 

John  Herring 

00 

05 

00 

Gilbert  Endicott 

00 

10 

02 

John  Richardson 

03 

07 

08 

Joseph  Swady 

00 

10 

02 

Alexander  Meeanny 

04 

16 

00 

September  23d  1676 

John  Nowell 

00 

09 

02 

Isaac  Jones 

00 

10 

02 

Humphrey  Richards 

00 

12 

00 

CAPT.  JOHN  CUTLER  AND  HIS  MEN. 

Capt.  John  Cutler  was  the  son  of  Robert  (of  Charlestown  in 
1637,  freeman  1638)  and  Rebecca  his  wife.  John  was  probably 
born  in  England  about  1628.  He  married,  first,  Anna  Wood- 
mansey,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Anna.  She  died  August  20, 
1683,  in  her  57th  year,  and  he  married,  second,  Mehitable  Hilton, 
October  29,  1684.  She  died  September  29, 1711,  having  survived 
the  captain,  who  died  September  12th,  1694,  in  his  66th  year. 
His  children,  all  by  his  first  wife,  were  —  John  ;  Timothy ;  Sarah, 
born  October  20,  1655,  married  Eleazer  Phillips,  1695-6 ;  Samuel, 
born  March  6,  1658 ;  Hannah,  married  Daniel  Willard,  1683 ; 
Robert,  born  November  15,  1663,  died  in  Barbadoes  August  30, 
1683;  Rebecca,  born  November  5,  1666,  married  Josiah  Bennett; 
Mary,  born  November  20,  1669,  died  1703. 

Capt.  Cutler  was  engaged  during  the  war,  on  various  occasions, 
in  conducting  supply  trains  to  the  garrisons,  and  at  the  time  of 
Capt.  Wadsworth’s  destruction  at  Sudbury,  April  21,  1676,  nar¬ 
rowly  escaped  being  cut  off  with  his  company  returning  from 
Marlborough.  He  was  in  command  of  a  company  under  Capt. 
Henchman  the  next  month  at  Hassanamesit. 


1  See  also  credits  of  March  and  April,  1676,  under  Capt.  Johnson. 


286 


king  philip’s  war. 


Credited  under  Capt.  John  Cutler. 


June  24  1676 

Thomas  Micheson 

01 

04 

10 

Zachariah  Feres 

00 

09 

04 

Henry  Philips 

01 

04 

00 

William  Green 

00 

12 

00 

Thomas  White 

00 

14 

00 

John  Wilson 

00 

14 

00 

William  Browne 

00 

15 

04 

Joseph  Pratt 

00 

15 

04 

Christopher  Goodwin 

00 

16 

02 

Daniel  Edmunds 

02 

06 

08 

Zeckeriah  Johnson 

00 

18 

10 

John  Watson 

00 

14 

00 

Isaac  Johnson 

00 

05 

02 

Josiah  Wood 

01 

07 

04 

Joseph  Frost 

00 

10 

00 

John  Dows 

00 

14 

00 

Samuel  Hayward 

00 

09 

04 

William  Whiting 

01 

07 

04 

John  Martin 

00 

09 

04 

Samuel  Blancher 

00 

12 

10 

Robert  Carter 

00 

09 

04 

Timothy  Philips 

01 

14 

10 

James  Nichols 

00 

08 

06 

Giles  Fifleld 

00 

04 

00 

John  Winslade 

00 

09 

04 

John  Fosdicke 

00 

12 

10 

William  Laroby 

00 

09 

04 

Samuel  Peirce 

00 

09 

04 

Jonathan  Stimpson 

00 

02 

06 

Samuel  Cutler 

01 

04 

10 

George  Woodward 

00 

07 

08 

Joshuah  als.  Josiah  Ben 

Thomas  Whitney 

00 

02 

06 

jamin 

00 

12 

00 

William  Goddard 

00 

09 

04 

Daniel  Baldwin 

00 

03 

04 

Samuel  Prentice 

00 

09 

04 

John  Cutler,  Leiut. 

03 

15 

00 

Joshuah  Edmands 

00 

06 

10 

Nathaniel  Rand 

01 

03 

04 

August  24th  1676 

Matthew  Griffin 

00 

15 

04 

Edward  Smith 

00 

06 

10 

Samuel  Frothingham 

00 

16 

02 

John  Lee 

00 

02 

06 

Nathaniel  Douse 

01 

07 

04 

Edward  Goff 

01 

13 

04 

Thomas  Rand 

01 

04 

10 

Hugh  Taylor 

00 

18 

00 

George  Polly 

00 

09 

04 

Isaac  Beech 

00 

09 

04 

Edward  Wilson 

00 

09 

00 

David  Mead 

00 

09 

04 

Josiah  Smith 

00 

12 

10 

John  Dowgin 

00 

09 

04 

James  Smith 

00 

18 

08 

John  Whitney 

00 

02 

06 

John  Smith 

00 

03 

04 

Nathaniel  Fisk 

00 

02 

06 

William  Clough 

00 

14 

00 

Ephraim  Phillips 

00 

09 

04 

Nathaniel  Frothingham 

00 

02 

06 

William  Rider 

00 

10 

02 

John  Call  (2  credits) 

00 

19 

00 

Daniel  Willard 

00 

14 

06 

Munning  Sawin 

00 

12 

00 

Christopher  Muschin 

00 

09 

04 

Eleazer  Beares 

00 

12 

00 

Samuel  Cooper 

00 

12 

00 

Joseph  Parker 

00 

08 

00 

William  Price 

00 

09 

04 

John  Barrett 

00 

06 

06 

September  23d  1676 

July  24  1676 

Aaron  Cleaveland 

00 

02 

06 

John  Begello 

00 

09 

00 

Thomas  Hammond 

00 

10 

02 

Isaac  Fowl 

00 

12 

00 

John  Kemball 

00 

02 

06 

John  Dickson 

01 

01 

04 

John  Stedman 

00 

03 

09 

Robert  Robin 

00 

09 

04 

David  Alexander 

00 

10 

02 

Stephen  Coolidg 

00 

02 

06 

Alexander  Wait 

00 

09 

04 

John  Edes 

00 

09 

08 

John  Melvin 

00 

10 

02 

Phillip  Russell 

02 

06 

00 

Thomas  Fiske 

00 

10 

02 

Daniel  Warren 

00 

09 

08 

Samuel  Peirce 

00 

12 

00 

John  Jones 

00 

09 

04 

John  Brookes 

00 

15 

06 

Nathaniel  Kittle 

00 

11 

00 

John  Walker 

00 

09 

04 

Samuel  Gibson 

00 

03 

04 

Jonathan  Smith 

00 

09 

04 

FROM  LIEUT.  UPHAM  TO  THE  COUNCIL. 


287 


LIEUT.  PHINEAS  UPHAM  AND  HIS  COMMAND. 

Lieut.  Phineas  Upham  was  the  son  of  John  Upham,  who, 
about  the  year  1635,  settled  in  Weymouth,  having  wife  Elizabeth 
and  several  children.  Phineas  was  born  in  1635  or  1636.  About 
1648  his  father  removed  to  Malden,  and  there  the  son  grew  up ; 
and  there  he  married,  April  14,  1658,  Ruth  Wood;  and  they  had 
children:  Phineas,  Nathaniel,  Ruth,  John,  Elizabeth  and  prob¬ 
ably  Richard  and  Thomas.  Lieut.  Upham  was  a  man  of  more 
than  ordinary  ability  and  influence,  as  the  records,  and  references 
to  his  public  services  in  places  of  trust,  prove.  At  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  he  held  the  rank  of  Lieutenant  in  the  local  com¬ 
pany. 

He  was  in  command  of  men,  and  in  service  during  the  latter 
part  of  the  summer;  and  in  September,  1675,  led  a  company  of 
thirty-eight  men  out  to  Mendon  to  meet  Capt.  John  Gorham  of 
Plymouth  Colony,  and  the  account  of  their  service  on  that 
occasion  is  explained  in  the  following  letters : 

Letter  of  Lt.  Phineas  Upham  to  the  Governer  and  Council. 

From  Mendum,  ye  1st:  Octobr:  1675. 

Honerd  Gourner  &  Counsill. 

These  are  to  certify  your  worships  that  Cap1.  Gorum  with  myselfe 
&  our  Souldiers  of  both  Company8  are  in  good  health  at  pres“  through 
mercy ; 

And  to  give  your  honer  an  account  of  our  seaverell  marches ;  first  we 
Came  to  Mendum  one  the  25th  day  of  the  weeke  at  nightt  being  the 
24th  day  of  September  and  one  the  25th  day  we  marched  from  Mendum 
unto  Hassanemisett  hoping  there  to  have  had  an  Indian  for  our  guide ; 
butt  the  Indians  were  all  gone  from  thence ;  and  were  thereby  dis- 
apoynted  of  our  expecttation  &  one  the  next  day  we  marched  unto 
Packachoug  where  we  found  a  feild  of  good  corn  and  well  fenced : 
which  we  did  think  convenient  not  to  destroy :  Concluding  that  for 
ought  we  Knew  Sum  of  the  neeriest  of  our  Inhabitance  would  be  will¬ 
ing  to  save  itt ;  butt  we  could  not  finde  any  Indians  neither  the  signe 
of  any  being  there  of  late  and  we  marched  from  thence  unto  Manchoag 
and  Chobanamagungamung  where  we  found  sum  cornfeilds  and  sum 
wigwams,  which  Corn  and  wigwams  we  burnt  and  destroyed  butt  (we 
did  not)  finde  any  of  our  enimies  which  was  a  greate  discouragement 
to  us,  having  taken  soe  much  paynes  to  finde  them ;  then  we  Returned 
and  marched  to  an  Indian  Plantation  called  Shockebogue  where  we 
Could  not  finde  any  Indians  butt  found  a  Considerable  quantity  of 
Good  Corne  which  we  did  not  destroy  butt  Reserved  itt  at  the  Request 
of  Sum  of  Mendum  who  thinke  to  fetch  itt  home  for  there  use ;  and 
from  thence  we  Came  to  Mendum  one  the  30th  of  Septbr:  now  seeing 
in  all  our  marches  we  finde  noe  Indians  verily  thinke  thatt  thay  are 
drawne  together  into  greate  bodyes  far  Remote  from  those  partes : 

If  your  boners  please  to  send  us  one  any  further  Service  I  hope  we 
shall  nott  be  unwilling  butt  forwarde  to  doe  our  uttermost  Indeavours 
with  all  desiring  that  you  would  be  pleased  to  add  unto  our  number 


288 


king  philip’s  war. 


seeing  that  besides  the  Garrison  men  which  must  be  left  heere  in 
garrison  we  have  butt  30  men  besides  my  Selfe.  Capt.  Gorum  being 
now  in  his  march  to  Mounthope  and  If  we  goe  further  we  desir  thatt 
we  may  have  a  Surgeon  and  some  other  thatt  may  be  acquainted  with 
the  woodes  where  you  Sende  us  the  want  of  wch  hath  beene  a  dis¬ 
couragement  to  our  men:  And  as  for  the  town  of  Mendum  I  am 
desired  to  Commend  the  desolate  condition  of  ym  unto  your  honers  : 
Severall  of  there  Inhabitance  being  removed  from  them :  and  those  in 
garrison  being  butt  poore  helps  in  divers  respects  and  in  number  but 
12  men,  with  theire  armes  very  defecttive. 

The  plantation  is  very  Remotte  &  therefore  soe  much  the  more 
stands  in  neede  of  helpe  ;  itt  is  very  Likely  to  be  a  prosperous  place  if 
itt  please  God  to  putt  an  Ishue  to  thes  troubles  and  therefore  it  is  the 
more  pitty  to  have  itt  deserted  by  there  people  :  who  think  it  must  be 
If  they  have  nott  sum  assistance  they  hope :  20  :  men  well  fitted  with 
this  one  Returned  might  be  sufishent  If  your  honers  se  Causs ;  and 
further  they  desired  to  acquainte  your  honers  that  yc  Indians  of 
Hassanamisett  which  your  honers  apoynted  to  set  down  with  them 
have  desertted  there  one  town  and  come  nott  to  that  at  Mendum  And 
soe  nott  havening  any  more  to  troublee  your  honers  with 

I  Rest  your  Honrs 

To  Command 

Phinehas  Upham, 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  275.  Liftenantt. 

Letter  of  Capt  John  Gorum  to  Gov 07  &  Councill. 

Mendum  Octob  :  th :  1 :  1675. 

Much  Honrd  my  servis  with  all  due  Respeckts  humbly  presented  to 
yourselfe  and  the  rest  of  the  Counsill  hoping  of  your  helths  I  have 
made  bold  to  troble  you  with  these  few  lines  to  give  your  honnors  an 
account  of  our  progress  in  your  Jurisdiction :  According  unto  your 
honers  order  and  detirmination  I  arived  at  Mendum  with  fifty  men  and 
the  next  day  Leftennant  Upham  arived  with  thirty-eight  men  and  the 
day  following  wee  joyned  our  forces  together  and  marched  in  pesuite 
to  ffind  our  Ennimy ;  but  God  hath  bin  pleased  to  denigh  us  any  op¬ 
portunity  tharein ;  though  with  much  Labor  and  travill  we  have  indeav- 
ored  to  find  them  out  which  Left.  Upham  hath  given  you  a  more 
particular  acount :  our  Solders  being  much  worne  out  having  bin  in  the 
ffeeld  this  foretene  weeks  and  little  hoops  of  finding  the  Enimy,  we 
are  this  day  Returning  towards  our  Genrall :  but  as  for  my  one  part  I 
shall  be  Redy  to  sarve  God  and  the  Country  in  this  just  warr  soe  long 
as  I  have  life  and  helth.  Not  Else  to  troble  you  I  Rest  yours  to  Sarve 
in  what  I  am  able. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67.  John  Gorum. 

From  Mendon  Lient.  Upham  marched  his  company  to  Brook¬ 
field,  towards  Springfield,  where  he  was  ordered  by  the  Court  to 
report  to  Capt.  Wayte,  who  was  expected  to  command  a  com¬ 
pany  in  the  service  under  Major  John  Pynchon,  and  that  arrange¬ 
ment  failing,  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Capt.  Jonathan 


FATALLY  WOUNDED.  * 


289 


Poole,  with  whom  he  joined  forces  and  marched  to  Hadley  be¬ 
fore  October  12th.  He  was  formally  placed  under  command  of 
Capt.  Poole  in  the  organization  of  the  army  under  Major  Apple- 
ton,  and  served  thus,  in  the  stirring  events  of  the  weeks  following. 

November  20th,  he  was  credited  as  Lieutenant  under  Capt. 
Poole,  <£06.  19.  04.  He  returned  home  when  the  army  withdrew 
from  the  west ;  but  joined  the  forces  at  Narraganset,  probably 
after  the  muster  at  Dedham,  December  10th.  He  was  assigned 
to  Capt.  Johnson’s  company,  and  after  that  gallant  officer’s  fall, 
was  himself  fatally  wounded,  at  the  head  of  the  company,  inside 
the  fort.  He  was  among  the  wounded  at  Rhode  Island,  January 
6,  1675-6.  He  died  at  Boston,  October,  1676,  and  October  12, 
1676,  the  court  issued  the  following  order: 


Order  of  the  General  Court. 

October  12,  1676.  In  answer  to  the  peticon  of  Ruth  Upham,  wid- 
dow  &  relict  of  the  late  Left.  Phineas  Upham,  the  Court  Judgeth  it 
meet  to  order,  that  the  bills  of  charges  to  chirurgeons,  doctrs  &  diet, 
mentioned  in  sajd  peticon,  be  pd  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  country ;  and 
in  consideration  of  the  long  and  good  service  hir  husband  did  for  the 
country,  &  the  greate  losse  the  widdow  susteynes  in  his  death,  being 
left  with  seven  small  children,  &  not  able  to  carry  on  their  affaires  for 
the  support  of  hirself  &  family,  doe  further  order  the  Treasurer  to  pay 
unto  the  sajd  widdow  tenn  pounds  in  or  as  money. 


Items,  Treasurer  to  pay,  £  s  d 

Mr.  Chickering  bill  2  14  08 

Edward  Ellis,  Chir  2  10  00 

Mr.  Addington  1  03  05 

Dr.  Cooke  1  05  00 

Mrs.  Peirc  for  diet  4  18  00 

To  ye  Widdow  10  00  00 

Secretary  Allowance  40  00  00 

Col.  Records,  Yol.  V.  p.  122. 


Credited  under  Lieut.  Upham. 


December  2  0th  1675 

Robert  Skelton  01  01  04 

Robert  Bardall  02  02  00 

John  Shaw  00  10  02 


June  24th  1676 

John  Hall  01  00  00 

August  24th  1676 
Thomas  Hoppin  00  07  08 


I  have  found  that  the  men  who  served  under  him  were  mostly 
paid  off  under  the  vouchers  of  Capt  Poole  ;  and  after  the  fight  at 
Narraganset  he  was  never  again  able  to  take  command. 

CAPT.  SAMUEL  HUNTING. 

He  was  the  son  of  John  Hunting  of  Dedham,  and  was  born 
July  22,  1640.  He  settled  first  at  Chelmsford  and  later  at 
Charlestown.  Married  Hannah  Hackburne  of  Roxbury  Dec.  24, 
1662.  They  had  ten  children  born  at  Charlestown  between  1662 


290 


king  philip’s  war. 


and  1687,  of  whom  all  but  three  died  in  childhood.  Those  who 
lived  were  Samuel,  born  July  15,  1666,  married,  and  settled  in 
Charlestown  and  had  a  family ;  Mercy,  baptized  March  18, 
1681-2,  married  Benjamin  Frothingham,  1704  ;  Hannah,  baptized 
Dec.  3,  1682,  married  Samuel  Frothingham,  1704.  Captain 
Hunting  was  killed  by  the  accidental  discharge  of  his  gun  August 
19,  1701,  aged  sixty  years. 

We  have  seen  that  there  was  in  the  Massachusetts  Colony  great 
opposition  to  the  employment  of  friendly  Indians  in  the  war, 
while  Connecticut,  constantly  making  use  of  them,  had  been 
spared  the  terrible  losses  which  had  befallen  the  others. 

At  last,  grown  wise  by  bitter  experience,  the  Massachusetts 
Council  determined  to  stem  the  tide  of  popular  opposition,  and 
equip  and  send  forth  a  company  of  Christian  Indians,  to  try  if 
the  devastations  of  the  enemy  along  the  frontiers  could  be 
checked.  In  pursuance  of  this  order,  April  21,  1676,  Capt. 
Samuel  Hunting  and  Lieut.  James  Richardson  drew  up  and  fur¬ 
nished  their  company  of  forty  Indians  at  Charlestown.  They 
were  ordered  first  to  march  up  the  Merrimac  to  near  Chelms¬ 
ford,  and  there  to  build  a  fort  and  settle  a  garrison  at  the  great 
falls,  which  was  a  famous  fishing-place  ;  they  were  to  scout  and 
guard,  etc. ;  but  before  they  marched,  and  about  mid-day,  came 
the  news  of  the  attack  of  the  great  body  of  Indians  upon  Sud¬ 
bury.  Captain  Hunting  with  his  company  marched  away  to 
Sudbury  and  rendered  service,  as  has  been  related  in  the  chapter 
relating  to  the  Sudbury  fight.  The  service  here  rendered  did 
much  to  abate  the  hostility  against  the  Christian  Indians,  and 
they  were  thenceforward  in  constant  service  in  all  the  expeditions 
while  the  war  lasted,  and  Captain  Hunting’s  company  was  soon 
made  up  to  eighty  men,  who  were  furnished  with  arms  sent  over 
from  England. 

From  the  time  that  Captain  Hunting’s  company  took  the  field, 
the  enemy  lost  heart,  evidently  fearing  them  more  than  the  whole 
armies  of  English,  which  they  could  easily  elude,  or  ambush 
or  mislead.  In  the  summer  of  1676  this  company  took  captive  or 
killed  about  four  hundred  of  the  enemy,  and  did  nearly  all  the 
effective  work  against  the  enemy  in  the  closing  operations  of 
the  war.  The  services  of  Captain  Hunting  and  his  company  at 
the  eastward  and  elsewhere  have  been  incidentally  related. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Hunting. 


Samuel  Hunting,  Capt.  21  00  00 
James  Riclieson,  Lieut.  10  10  00 
Nathaniel  Dunklin  05  05  00 
Sept.  23,  1676 

Benjamin  Collins  01  08  06 

John  Devericks  01  08  06 


William  Browne 
Andrew  Robinson 
Thomas  Frost 
Jacob  Farar 
Thomas  Peach 


01  05  08 
02  15  06 
03  01  08 
02  18  00 
02  07  00 


In  general,  accounts  were  not  kept  with  the  Indians. 


CAPT.  GEORGE  CORWIN. 


291 


LIEUT.  EDWARD  CREEKE. 


Lieut.  Creeke  was  of  Boston,  of  the  Artillery  Co.,  1674. 
Served  with  Capt.  Turner  in  the  west,  and  led  home  the  remnant 
of  his  company  after  that  officer’s  death. 

In  October,  1676,  he  was  in  command  of  a  force  of  thirty-four 
men  at  a  garrison  in  Wells.  No  credit  is  found  for  these,  but 
one  of  the  soldiers  in  the  western  campaign  secured  his  credit 
under  Lieut.  Creeke,  viz. : 


August  24,  1676 
John  Gilbert  05  09  08 


CAPT.  GEORGE  CORWIN,  OR  CURWEN. 


Capt.  Corwin  came  from  England  with  wife  Elizabeth  (White, 
widow  of  John),  and  settled  at  Salem  in  1638.  Their  children 
were  :  Abigail,  b.  Aug.  1, 1637 ;  John,  b.  July  25, 1638  ;  Jonathan, 
b.  Nov.  14,  1640;  Abigail  2d,  b.  Nov.  30,  1643;  Hannah, 
bapt.  Jan.  4,  1646;  and  Elizabeth,  July  2,  1648.  This  wife 
Elizabeth  died  July  15,  1668,  and  he  married,  2d,  July  22,  1669, 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Brooks,  widow  of  Robert,  of  Plymouth,  and 
daughter  of  Gov.  Edward  Winslow,  and  by  her  had :  Penelope, 
b.  Aug.  7,  1670;  Susannah,  b.  Oct.  10,  1672;  George,  b.  1674. 
Capt.  Corwin  was  a  deputy  from  Salem  many  times,  was  a  man 
of  ability  and  influence,  and  was  very  popular.  He  was  chosen 
to  the  command  of  the  troop  raised  at  Salem  and  Lynn,  and 
was  commissioned  October  8,  1662. 

In  Philip’s  war,  the  only  active  service  which  I  have  found 
referred  to  him  appears  in  the  Colonial  Records,  Yol.  Y.  p.  90. 
At  the  session  of  the  Court  May  5,  1676,  Capt.  Corwin  was 
presented  for  the  “  evil  example  of  his  demeanor  and  carriage  ” 
towards  Capt.  Henchman,  under  whose  command  he  was  serving, 
with  his  troop,  in  the  spring  of  1677.  He  was  reduced  from  his 
command  with  a  severe  reprimand,  and  fined  one  hundred 
pounds.  The  following  September  he  was,  upon  the  petition 
of  his  troopers,  reinstated  in  his  command;  and  in  1679-80  the 
court  remitted  his  fine.  He  died  in  Salem,  January  3,  1684-5. 


Credited  under  Capt.  George  Corwin. 


July  24,  1676 


Sept.  23,  1676. 


John  Dodge 
William  Dodge 
Zechariah  Henrick 


00  10  00  ■  Benjamin  Collins 
00  10  00  John  Putnam 
00  10  00  Henry  Kenney 


00  11  05 
01  08  07 
00  11  05 
02  05  00 


Geo.  Corwin,  Capt. 


Capt.  Ezekiel  Gilman  of  Boston,  1675,  served  under  Capt. 
Oliver  as  Sergt.  in  the  Narraganset  campaign  ;  was  wounded  at 
the  fight;  was  at  Rhode  Island  January  6th,  1675-6.  He  was 


292 


king  philip’s  war. 


out  again  under  Capt.  Turner  in  the  spring,  serving  as  Sergt. 
In  the  Settlement  he  is  styled  “  Capt.” 


Credits  under  Capt.  Gilman. 


June  24,  1676 

Amos  Singleterry  00  05  00 

Nathaniel  Lad  00  05  00 

George  Brown  00  13  00 


John  Johnson 
Robert  Swann 
Daniel  Lad,  Jr. 


00  02  06 
00  11  10 
06  05  00 


Capt.  Aaron  Cooke,  of  Hadley,  was  left  in  command  of  some 
of  the  men  taken  out  of  Mosely’s,  Poole’s  and  Upham’s  com¬ 
panies,  at  Westfield,  November,  1675.  He  married,  May  30, 
1661,  Sarah  Westwood,  and  had  a  large  family.  A  man  of  in¬ 
fluence;  Capt.  of  the  militia  for  thirty-five  years.  Died  in  1716. 

Credited  under  Capt.  Aaron  Cooke. 

August  24,  1676  Sept.  23,  1676 

John  Stedman  01  17  00  Thomas  Hart  01  02  02 

John  Parneer  01  00  06 

Edward  Cowell,  of  Boston,  was  employed  in  the  war  in  various 
ways  ;  was  in  command  of  a  small  body  of  horsemen  on  the  day 
of  the  Sudbury  fight,  as  we  have  seen.  He  furnished  supplies 
of  various  kinds  to  the  Colony  in  the  war ;  but  one  credit  is 
given  under  him,  viz. : 

August  24,  1676 
John  Scant  00  16  00 

Some  miscellaneous  credits  follow  : 

August  24,  1676 

Benjamin  Switzer,  under  Lieut.  (John)  Floyd  00  04  02 
Ephraim  Fowlsham  Capt.  (Benj.)  Gillam  00  19  08 

The  two  following  were  credited  without  officer  or  place 
assigned : 

March  24,  1675-6 

Elias  Peckworth  04  02  00  |  Thomas  North  02  12  00 


XXI. 


MAJOR  RICHARD  WALDERNE  AND  HIS  MEN. 


THE  Walderne  *  family,  to  which  the  subject  of  this  chapter, 
Richard  Walderne,  belonged,  is  of  ancient  lineage,  as  seen 
in  the  Pedigree,  found  by  H.  G.  Somerby  in  England,  and 
published  by  him  in  the  New  England  Historical  and  Genealogi¬ 
cal  Register,  vol.  viii.  p.  78.  This  shows  descent  from  Edward 
Walderne  and  Joan  his  wife,  of  Alcester,  in  Warwickshire, 
through  George  Walderne  and  Joan  Shallarde,  married  July  8, 
1576,  who  had  William,  baptized  July  25, 1577,  married  Catherine 
Raven  at  Alcester,  November  26, 1600,  and  had  nine  sons  and  two 
daughters.  The  seventh  son  was  Richard,  baptized  January  6, 
1615. 

This  Richard  f  Walderne  came  to  America,  it  is  said,  in  1635, 
“to  See  the  Country.  He  stayed  about  two  Years  and  returned 
to  England  and  there  Marryed  a  Gentlewoman  of  a  very  good 
family  (whose  parents  were  very  unwilling  She  Should  come 
away)  her  names  are  not  remembered  nor  of  w*  place.” 

The  matter  above  quoted  is  from  the  fragment  of  a  letter  from 
James  Jeffrey  to  Councillor  Richard3  Waldron,  the  Major’s 
grandson. 

Major  Walderne  came  to  America  with  his  young  wife  about 
1637.  After  her  death  he  married  Anne  Scammon,  sister  of 
Richard.  His  children  were  —  Paul,2  who  died  in  Algiers  about 
1669  (probably  on  board  one  of  his  father’s  vessels).  Timothy,2 
who  died  while  a  student  in  Harvard  College.  Richard,2  born 
1650.  Anna,2  married  Rev.  Joseph  Gerrish.  Elnathan,2  born 
July  6,  1659,  in  Boston,  died  Dec.  10,  1659.  Esther,2  born  Dec. 
1,  1660,  in  Boston ;  married  (1)  Henry  Elkins,  (2)  Abraham 

Lee,  June  21,  1686,  (3)  Richard  Jose,  and  (4) - .  She 

died  in  the  Isle  of  Jersey.  Mary,2  born  Sept.  14,  1663,  in  Boston, 
died  young.  Eleazer,2  born  May  1,  1665.  Elizabeth,2  born  Oct. 

*  I  have  thought  best,  in  this  present  chapter,  to  adopt  the  spelling  of  the  Major’s  own  signature, 
which  agrees  with  his  English  ancestors  and  was  used  by  his  contemporaries.  His  son  Richard 
changed  it  in  his  own  signature,  and  wrote  of  his  father  as  Waldron,  and  all  historians  since  have 
referred  to  the  family  by  that  name. 

f  Rev.  A.  H.  Quint,  D.D.,  the  eminent  antiquarian,  has  furnished  an  account  of  the  Waldron 
(Walderne)  family  in  America,  and  that  account  is  here  followed.  See  N.  E.  Hist,  and  Gen. 
Register,  vol.  ix.  p.  55,  and  Historical  Memoranda  in  “  Dover  Enquirer,”  Nos.  104  to  111,  April  19 
to  June  7,  1853;  and  Nos.  175  to  178,  Aug.  6  to  Aug.  22,  1857. 


294 


king  philip’s  war. 


8,  1666;  married  John  Gerrish,  of  Dover.  Maria,2  born  July  17, 
1668  ;  died  about  the  age  of  fourteen. 

Richard,2  the  son  of  Major  Walderne,  changed  the  surname  to 
Waldron,  and  the  family  has  since  been  known  as  Waldron.  He 
married  (1)  Hannah  Cutt,  Feb.  16,  1681,  who  died  Feb.  14,1682, 
at  the  birth  of  her  first  child;  (2)  Eleanor  Vaughan,  who  died 
September,  1727.  He  died  Nov.  3,  1730.  His  children  (by  his 
first  wife)  were  Richard,3  born  1682,  who  died  aged  about 
eleven  months  ;  Richard3  (2d),  born  Feb.  21, 1693-4  ;  Margaret,3 
born  Nov.  16,  1695;  William,3  born  1697;  Annie,3  born  1699; 
Abigail,3  born  1702;  Eleanor,3  born  1704. 

It  is  supposed  that  Major  Walderne  was  a  man  of  some  property 
when  he  came  to  this  country,  as  he  purchased  a  large  tract  of 
land  at  Cocheco  (Dover,  N.H.),  where  he  settled  about  1640, 
erected  saw-mills,  established  his  business,  and  made  his  home. 
He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  enterprise  and  ability,  and  by  wise 
investment  and  diligent  use  of  his  opportunities  acquired  a  large 
property  for  his  time.  He  established  a  truck-house  for  the  ac¬ 
commodation  of  the  Indians  and  his  own  gain  at  Pennacook,  in 
1668 ;  and  it  was  there  that  an  Englishman,  Thomas  Dickinson, 
was  killed  by  an  Indian  who  was  drunk,  and  whom  the  Indians 
immediately  punished  with  death.  An  investigation  ensued,  and 
Major  Walderne  was  accused  of  selling  or  furnishing  liquors  at 
his  truck-house,  which  made  the  Indian  drunk,  contrary  to  the 
laws  and  the  special  terms  of  the  treaty.  The  papers  in  this  case 
are  preserved  in  the  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  30,  pp.  154-161.  The 
liquors  were  said  to  be  sold  by  the  hand  of  Paul  Walderne,  son 
of  the  Major,  and  Peter  Coffin.  During  the  investigation,  the 
Major  was  suspended  from  his  office  by  his  brother  magistrates, 
but  upon  his  own  oath  as  to  his  entire  innocence  of  complicity, 
either  direct  or  indirect,  in  the  affair,  and  upon  the  evidence,  he 
was  acquitted  as  well  as  his  son,  and  was  restored  to  his  office 
and  power,  while  Peter  Coffin  was  convicted  and  fined  fifty 
pounds.  He  was  much  in  public  life,  and  exerted  a  wide  influence 
in  various  ways.  He  was  representative  to  the  General  Court  for 
thirteen  years,  and  was  Speaker  of  the  House  for  seven  years  ; 
was  appointed  to  be  a  magistrate  for  the  North  Circuit  of  old 
Norfolk  County,  consisting  of  Portsmouth  and  Dover,  and  also 
of  the  County  of  York. 

Major  Walderne  seems  to  have  been  in  full  sympathy  with  the 
strictest  Puritans  of  Massachusetts  Colony,  and  a  sturdy  champion 
of  colonial  rights  and  ecclesiastical  authority,  if  we  regard  his 
severe  treatment  of  the  Quakers  within  his  jurisdiction,  as  zeal  for 
the  church.  His  wide  influence  among  the  people  is  seen  to  have 
been  due  to  general  popularity,  by  his  large  vote  at  elections  in 
the  times  when  people  dared  to  put  their  will,  and  meant  to  put 
their  conscience,  into  their  votes.  In  his  extensive  trade  with  the 
Indians  and  in  constant  communication  with  them,  he  seemed  to 


MAJOR  WALDERNE’s  COMMISSION. 


295 


have  kept  their  confidence,  and  to  have  had  very  little  trouble 
with  them  in  the  thirty-five  years  that  he  had  lived  near  them. 
There  had  been  provocations  doubtless  on  the  part  of  the  English 
as  well  as  the  Indians,  and  the  Major,  in  common  with  other 
magistrates,  was  obstinate  and  stupidly  severe  in  the  administra¬ 
tion  of  English  law  upon  a  wild,  heathen  people,  who  had  no 
more  idea  of  its  meaning  than  of  Sanskrit.  The  Indians  knew 
the  meaning  of  gratitude  as  well  as  vengeance ;  they  could  bide 
their  time  and  dissemble  submission,  but  they  did  not  forget. 
Dover  was  a  frontier  town,  and,  several  years  before  the  war, 
houses  had  been  fortified  and  a  stockade  set  up  about  the  meet¬ 
ing-house  to  prevent  a  surprise.  Large  numbers  of  Indians  were 
coming  and  going  among  the  settlers,  were  received  and  enter¬ 
tained  in  their  houses,  were  well  acquainted  with  the  habits  and 
peculiarities  of  their  home-life  and  ways  of  business  and  worship, 
and  it  is  probable  that  there  was  no  other  place  in  the  Colony 
where  the  relations  of  settlers  and  Indians  were  more  free  and 
kindly  than  in  this  settlement  at  Dover.  At  the  same  time,  here 
as  elsewhere,  the  English  regarded  the  Indians  with  ill-concealed 
contempt  as  inferior  beings,  and  not  really  worth  conciliating  in 
permanent  friendship,  but  to  be  tolerated  till  such  time  as  they 
could  be  conveniently  driven  away. 

It  is  probable  that  in  military  matters,  as  in  all  others,  the 
direction  had  been  in  the  hands  of  Major  Walderne.  The  first 
record  I  have  found  relating  to  this  is  the  following  commission 
from  the  General  Court,  Oct.  7,  1674  : 

Capt.  Richard  Walderne  having  had  the  command  of  the  militia  in 
Yorkshire,  by  authority  from  this  Court,  for  the  last  two  yeares  past,  & 
hath  this  summer  draune  forth  the  regiment  of  foote  &  troope  of  horse 
there,  exercised  them  in  military  discipline,  this  Court  doth  heereby 
appoint  him,  the  said  Richard  Walderne,  to  be  the  sarjant  major  of 
the  forces  in  Yorkshire,  and  doe  order,  that  he  have  commission  as 
other  majors  have  for  authorizing  him  to  that  service. 

Col.  Rec.,  vol.  v.  p.  22. 

When  the  alarm  of  the  attack  upon  Swansea  reached  the  people, 
measures  were  at  once  taken  to  secure  these  frontier  towns,  and 
the  colonial  authorities  took  steps  to  assist  the  more  exposed  and 
weaker  settlements.  The  following  letter  will  show  the  Council 
alert  also  to  secure  active  cooperation  of  forces  all  along  the  lines : 

ffor  Majr  Richd  Waldern. 

Having  Acquainted  the  Council  what  I  advised  you  the  fifteenth 
Inst.  I  am  commanded  by  them  to  order  you  forthwith  wth  50  or  60 
souldiers  under  your  owne  or  Mr.  Plaisteds  or  some  other  sufficient 
conduct  you  march  to  Pennicooke  supposed  to  be  ye  great  Randevous 
of  ye  enemy,  where  you  may  expect  to  meet  Capt.  Mosely,  who  is 
ordered  thither  and  hath  sufficient  commission,  to  pursue  kill  &  destroy 


296 


king  Philip’s  war. 


them  wch  also  you  must  attend  as  yr  work  unless  such  as  shall  willingly 
deliver  up  their  armes  &  themselves  or  sufficient  hostages  to  secure 
their  peaceable  behaviour  you  had  need  to  take  along  with  you  a  Chi- 
rurgeon  &  make  all  possible  expedition.  A  great  part  of  our  forces  are 
at  present  at  Hadley. 

Daniel  Denison,  Majr  Gen1. 

Boston,  August  17,  1675. 

By  order  of  ye  Council. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  241. 

An  account  of  the  expedition  referred  to  in  the  letter,  has  been 
given  in  a  former  chapter  relating  to  Capt.  Mosely.  The  Penna- 
cooks  and  their  allied  families  took  no  part  in  the  war,  but  they 
did  not,  and  perhaps  could  not,  prevent  the  hostile  or  “  strange  ” 
Indians  from  passing  from  tribe  to  tribe ;  and  occasionally  small 
war  parties,  going  back  and  forth  from  the  East  to  the  West, 
found  entertainment  in  these  tribes,  but  were  not  joined  by  them 
in  their  hostile  movements,  though  some  of  their  young  men  may 
have  been  enticed  to  join  the  hostiles  on  occasions. 

In  the  beginning,  the  Indians,  bent  mostly  upon  plunder,  seem 
to  have  broken  up  into  small  parties,  which  could  easily  find  out 
and  strike  exposed  points  here  and  there,  and,  when  necessary 
for  some  large  enterprise,  could  swiftly  concentrate  their  forces 
at  any  given  time  and  place. 

The  first  depredations  of  these  Indians  upon  these  Northeastern 
frontiers,  began  in  September,  1675,  at  Oyster  River  (now  Dur¬ 
ham,  N.H.)  ;  they  burnt  two  houses  of  “  the  Cheslies,”  killed 
two  men  in  a  canoe  upon  the  river,  captured  an  old  Irishman  and 
a  young  man,  both  of  whom  escaped  in  a  few  weeks  by  the  help 
of  a  friendly  Indian.  Three  Indians,  viz.,  John  Sampson,  Crom- 
wel  and  John  Linde,  waylaid  Goodman  Robinson  and  his  son,  of 
Exeter,  on  their  way  to  Hampton,  and  killed  the  father,  the 
young  man  escaping  to  Hampton.  These  same  Indians  captured 
Charles  Randlet,  of  Exeter,  who  soon  after  escaped.  The  house 
of  Richard  Tozer  at  Salmon  Falls,  wherein  were  fifteen  women 
and  children,  was  attacked  by  two  Indians,  “  Andrew  ”  and 
“  Hope-Hood,”  but  was  valiantly  defended  by  a  young  woman, 
who  held  fast  the  door  till  all  the  others  escaped,  and  till  it  was 
hewn  in  pieces  by  the  Indians,  who  then  entering,  struck  her 
down,  leaving  her  for  dead,  while  they  followed  the  others  to  the 
next  house,  which,  being  better  fortified,  the  Indians  did  not 
attack.  Two  children  were  captured  who  were  of  this  company, 
and  could  not  keep  up  with  the  others ;  one  of  three  years 
was  killed,  the  other  of  seven  was  carried  into  captivity,  but 
afterwards  was  returned.  The  brave  girl  who  defended  the 
house  revived  after  the  Indians  left  her,  and  escaped  to  her 
friends  and  was  restored  to  perfect  health ;  and  it  is  to  be 
regretted  that  Mr.  Hubbard,  who  relates  this,  did  not  record  the 
name  of  the  heroine,  as  he  doubtless  could  have  easily  done. 


WAR  AT  THE  EASTWARD. 


297 


Small  parties  prowled  in  the  woods  in  every  direction,  burning 
and  shooting.  Six  more  houses  were  burned  at  Oyster  River, 
and  William  Roberts  and  his  son-in-law  were  killed.  Under 
these  provocations  the  English  were  goaded  almost  to  despera¬ 
tion,  and  yet,  if  they  drew  out  in  force  to  pursue,  the  Indians 
easily  escaped  to  the  woods  and  could  not  be  overtaken.  Several 
parties  of  volunteers  went  out  from  the  garrisons  in  pursuit,  but 
without  avail,  except  that  one  party  discovered  five  Indians, 
three  gathering  corn  in  a  field,  while  two  were  building  a  fire  to 
roast  it.  Two  of  the  English  crept  up  to  these  latter,  and  sud¬ 
denly  rushing  to  close  quarters  killed  them  both,  knocking  them 
on  the  head  with  the  butts  of  their  muskets.  The  rest  escaped. 

Capt.  John  Wincoll,  who  lived  at  Berwick,  seems  to  have  been 
in  active  service  under  Major  Walderne,  and  was  absent  upon 
some  service  when  his  house  and  barn,  with  several  of  his 
neighbors’  buildings,  were  burned  by  the  Indians.  It  is  possible 
that  he  was  with  Major  Walderne  at  the  Eastward  when  this  took 
place.  The  following  letter  takes  us  further  to  the  Eastward, 
and  gives  a  glimpse  of  what  was  going  on  there,  while  towns 
upon  the  Connecticut  were  battling  for  life  with  the  allies  of 
Philip. 

Douer  25th  September  1675 

Much  Honrd 

My  Absence  from  home  (being  this  Week  at  Eastwrd)  hath  Ocation’d 
yor  hearing  nothing  from  mee  Soe  long  but  being  Just  now  returned 
this  evening  thought  it  my  Duty  wth  all  expedition  to  giue  Acc“  of  the 
state  of  ye  Place  Since  I  sent  away  Cap  Dauis  wth  about  50  men  at 
ye  enemies  ffirst  Assault  of  those  places  (haueing  ffurther  Information 
of  their  killing  &  Burning)  According  to  yor  direction  raised  a  pty  of 
Souldiers  out  of  Douer  and  Portsmo01  &  wth  an  Addition  of  Some  from 
Kittery  I  did  my  selfe  Aduance  eastwd  for  ye  ffurther  Succour  of  those 
places  but  before  I  came  Soe  ffarr  as  Sawco  Capt  Dauis  being  gone  to 
Falmth  where  the  first  damage  was  done  by  the  enemy  I  had  Aduice  of 
ye  enemies  Marching  Westward  flailing  upon  Scarbrough  &  Sawco 
killing  and  burning  on  Saturday  and  Sabbath  day  last  at  Scarbrough 
they  killed  an  old  man  and  Woman  &  burnt  their  house  &  at  Mr  Fox- 
wells  two  young  men  were  killed  being  att  ye  barn  about  yr  Cattle  The 
enemy  yn  Aduanced  tow*19  Sawco  riuer  wch  is  nott  aboue  4  miles  distant 
from  yl  Part  of  Scarbrough  &  there  fell  to  burning  of  houses  ye  People 
before  haueing  Intelligence  flfrom  an  Indian  called  Scossaway  of  ye  time 
wn  they  Would  come  deserted  their  houses  most  of  ym  repairing  to 
Majr  Pendletons  but  Mr  Bonighten  &  some  other  ffamilies  to  Majr 
Phillips  on  Saturday  Morning  ye  Indians  rifled  and  burnt  Seuerall  houses 
on  ye  north  Side  ye  riuer  &  among  wch  Mr  Bonightens  was  one  he  being 
the  night  before  fled  to  Majr  Phillips  while  said  houses  were  burning  a 
pty  of  ym  Judged  about  36  Indns  came  ouer  ye  riuer  in  english  canooes 
&  wn  come  Ashore  cutt  holes  in  ym  and  turned  ym  Adrift  but  all  this 
time  finding  noe  men  they  went  to  Majr  Phillips  Saw  mill  &  l8t  Set  it 
goeing  then  on  fire  &  burnt  it  &  afterwards  did  ye  like  to  his  corn  mill 
it  being  Judged  to  be  their  design  thereby  to  draw  yra  out  of  ye  house, 


298 


king  philip’s  war. 

and  soe  to  Surprise  both  ym  &  itt  but  Majr  Phillips  being  fforwarned 
of  their  coining  made  Some  Small  defense  about  his  house  haueing  wth 
him  of  his  own  ffamilies  &  neighbors  to  ye  number  of  15  men  besides 
women  &  Children  in  all  about  50  the  bushes  being  thick  within  shott 
of  his  house  could  not  att  ffirst  See  an  Indn  but  one  of  ye  men  Per- 
ceiueing  a  Stirring  Among  yc  ffearnes  Majr  Phillips  looked  out  of  his 
Chamber  Window  y*  Way  and  ffrom  ynce  was  Imediately  shott  att 
and  slightly  'V  ounded  in  ye  shouldr  (2  more  wTere  alsoe  Wounded 
Afterward  y*  being  all  the  harm  done  there)  Afterwds  ye  Shott  came 
thick  wch  was  Accordingly  Answered  ffrom  within  Butt  noe  Indians  as 
yet  apeared  but  onely  Creeping  deekt  with  ffearns  and  boughs  till 
some  time  after  they  gott  a  pr  of  old  truck  wheels  and  flitted  ym  up  wth 
boards  and  Slabs  ffor  a  barrieadoe  to  Safe  guard  ye  Driuers  thereby 
Endeavouring  to  burn  ye  house  haueing  prepared  combustible  matter 
as  birch  rinds  pitchwood  Turpentine  and  powdr  ffor  yl  end  but  they  in 
ye  house  pceiueing  their  Intention  Plyed  their  shott  against  itt  and 
ffound  Afterwd9  their  shott  went  through  A  little  before  they  Came  at 
ye  house  there  was  a  little  wett  ground  into  wch  ye  Wheels  Sunk  and  yl 
obstructed  their  driueing  it  fforwd  they  Endeauouring  to  gett  it  out  of 
ye  dirt  again  by  turning  a  little  on  one  Side  thereby  layeing  ymselues 
open  to  ym  in  ye  house  wch  oportunity  they  improued  &  made  ym  quitt 
their  work  and  ffly  but  Continued  fireing  at  ye  house  all  night  till  Sabbath 
day  morning  about  9  a  clock  and  then  they  saw  ye  Indians  at  a  distance 
March  away  they  Judged  between  20  &  JO  &  some  of  ym  wth  2  guns 
but  before  they  went  they  set  fire  on  a  little  out  house  &  in  itt  burnt 
seuerall  hogs  Since  wch  Majr  Phillips  is  remoued  down  to  Winter  harbour 
to  Majr  Pendletons  where  I  found  him  — After  this  ye  Same  or  another 
Party  of  Indians  went  to  Scarbrough  to  a  Place  called  Dunstan  where 
1}  Alger  being  abroad  wth  6  men  more  well  arm’d  being  about  their 
Ocations  mett  14  Indna  compleat  in  Armes  in  2  ranks  He  retreating  a 
little  towards  his  house  y°  Ind'  s  Aduanced  and  fifollowed  whereupon  he 
faced  ym  ye  1st  rank  of  ye  Iudns  fired  &  orderly  fell  in  ye  rear  of  ye 
others  Lt  Alger  wth  his  6  men  fired  &  Primed  they  Struck  some  of  ym 
whereupon  they  Imediately  filed  they  being  at  a  Considerable  Distance 
none  of  ym  Recd  any  harm  but  notwthstanding  all  this  neither  my  Selfe 
nor  Cap1  Dauis  nor  any  pty  I  sent  out  tho  I  had  y"  iu  those  gts  120 
souldiers  could  euer  see  an  Indan  Therefore  Considering  ye  Weaknesse 
I  left  our  pts  in  nearer  homewd  by  takeing  soe  many  thence  &  the  little 
hopes  wee  had  of  meeting  wth  ve  enemy  who  As  soon  as  euer  they  dis- 
couered  a  pty  of  Souldiers  in  one  place  fled  to  another  &  by  Reason  of 
ye  Vast  Inconueniences  Attending  a  March  in  y‘  Country  ocationed  by 
many  riuers  Marshes  &c.  I  thought  it  most  prudente  to  Contract  ye 
people  into  as  small  a  Compasse  as  may  be  in  those  towns  &  there 
make  some  fortifications  to  defend  ymselves  haueing  left  about  60 
Souldiers  in  garrison  at  Sawco  Scarbrough  and  Falmth  ffor  ye  defence 
of  those  places  &  ffor  their  help  in  gathering  their  corn  &  Secureing 
their  prouitions  bringing  ye  Remaining  forces  back  wth  mee  to  their 
seuerall  towns  again  haueing  likewise  ordered  Wells  York  &  Kittery  to 
garrison  ymselues  for  yr  own  defence  ye  Distractions  of  those  places  by 
Reason  of  psons  being  fforced  to  fforsake  yr  Plantations  &  leaue  their 
Corn  &  Cattle  to  ye  enemy  doth  portend  Ineuitable  want  &c  to  ensue 
unlesse  god  by  his  extraordinary  prouidence  doe  preuent  their  case 


PENNACOOKS  AND  PEQTTAKETS. 


299 


being  Considered  beg  yor  Thoughts  &  direction  aboutt  it  wch  wn  Recd 
shall  be  readily  Attended  by 

Honrd  sr  yor  Humble  Sera41  Richard  Walderne 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  26-7. 

The  above  letter  of  Major  Walderne  sufficiently  explains  the 
situation  of  affairs  at  the  Eastward.  The  entire  population  with¬ 
drew  into  their  fortified  houses,  which  were  garrisoned  as  well  as 
possible  with  the  inhabitants  of  the  towns,  Major  Walderne  hold¬ 
ing  a  small  reserve  force  at  Portsmouth  and  Dover  to  assist 
whenever  one  settlement  was  more  threatened  than  another. 
The  great  tribes  which  confronted  the  Eastward  settlements  and 
had  the  controlling  influence  in  the  war  in  these  parts  were  the 
Ammoscoggins,  who  lived  upon  what  is  now  called  the  Andros¬ 
coggin  River;  the  Pequakets,  whose  chief  rendezvous  was  at  the 
head  waters  of  the  Saco  in  the  present  town  of  Fryeburg ;  the 
Ossipees,  near  the  lake  of  that  name ;  the  Pennacooks,  who  held 
a  large  tract  of  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Concord,  N.H.  These 
larger  tribes  had  gathered  the  remnants  of  several  once  powerful 
tribes  which  had  held  the  lands  along  the  coast  from  Kennebec  to 
the  Piscataqua,  but  which  had  been  almost  annihilated  by  the  inter¬ 
nal  wars  which  raged  after  the  overthrow  of  the  great  “  Bashaba,” 
who  had  lived  on  the  Penobscot,  and  had  held  all  these  eastern 
tribes  in  subjection.  In  the  struggle  for  supremacy  which  suc¬ 
ceeded,  a  great  part  of  the  fighting  men  in  all  the  tribes  were 
destroyed.  This  was  at  its  height  when  Sir  Richard  Hawkins 
visited  the  coast  in  1615.  A  great  plague  followed  this  war, 
which  nearly  depopulated  the  whole  region  along  the  shores 
before  the  Pilgrims  came  to  Plymouth  in  1620.  The  Ammos¬ 
coggins  and  Pequakets  were  hostile  to  the  English,  and  it  was 
their  depredations,  assisted  by  the  restless  tribes  on  the  Kennebec 
and  beyond,  that  so  troubled  this  eastern  frontier  in  the  war  of 
1675-7. 

The  Pennacooks  had  always  been  peaceful  towards  the  English 
since  the  first  settlement.  Passaconoway  was  their  chief  at  the 
earliest  mention  we  have  of  them,  and  was  still  alive  and  active 
for  the  welfare  of  his  tribe  in  1663,  though  at  great  age,  for  it 
was  probably  about  this  time  that  Major  Gookin  saw  him  (as  he 
writes  in  1677)  “  alive  at  Pawtucket  when  he  was  about  a  hun¬ 
dred  and  twenty  years  old.”  He  seems  to  have  been  a  chief  of 
remarkable  ability  and  wisdom,  and  had  some  sort  of  dominion 
over  many  tribes,  and  there  is  some  evidence  that  he  bore  the 
sway  of  a  “  Bashaba,”  or  Great  Sagamore.  He  was  reputed  by 
the  Indians  to  be  a  great  “  Powow  ”  and  to  possess  supernatural 
powers,  and  was  held  to  be  a  “  sorcerer  ”  by  the  English,  and 
doubtless  had  some  arts  of  the  juggler  by  which  he  gained  this 
renown. 

He  had  several  sons  and  daughters,  one  of  whom  married  Win- 


300 


king  philip’s  war. 


nepnrkitt,  sachem  of  Saugus,  whom  the  English  called  George 
Rumneymarsh,  upon  the  story  of  whose  marriage,  found  in  Mor¬ 
ton’s  “  New  Canaan,”  the  poet  Whittier  based  the  legend  of  his 
poem,  “The  Bridal  of  Pennacook.”  There  is  evidence  that 
another  of  his  daughters  married  “Numphow,”  ruler  of  the 
Wamesits  and  father  of  “  Sam11  Numphow.” 

A  petition  to  the  General  Court,  October  10,  1665,  shows  the 
names  of  those  who  petitioned  several  years  before  for  permission 
“to  redeeme  our  pore  brother  and  cuntryman”  “out  of  prison 
and  bondage,  whose  Name  is  Nanamocomuck  the  eldest  son  of 
Passaconewa.”  He  is  said  to  have  gone  to  the  Ammoscoggins 
soon  after,  and  it  is  probable  that  he  died  there.  The  celebrated 
Kankamagus  was,  it  is  supposed,  his  son,  and  was  sachem  of  the 
Pennacooks  after  Wannalancet  retired ;  he  will  be  mentioned 
later  on.  The  English  called  him  John  Hogkins. 

It  is  said  that  near  the  close  of  his  life  Passaconaway  called 
his  people  together  and  gave  them  his  farewell  charge,  recount¬ 
ing  his  own  early  struggles  against  the  English,  which  had  proved 
in  vain,  and,  showing  the  steady  increase  of  the  white  people 
everywhere  in  spite  of  all  opposition,  he  urged  upon  them  their 
only  safe  policy,  peaceful  submission  to  and  friendship  with  the 
English. 

Upon  Wannalancet’s  succession  to  his  father’s  title  and  station, 
he  kept  faith  with  the  English  as  his  father  had  done  and  advised, 
and  notwithstanding  the  many  wrongs  and  provocations  received 
by  his  people,  and  the  urgent  appeals  of  hostile  tribes,  he 
remained  true,  and  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  the  authorities  of 
the  colony.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  most  of  the  power 
of  his  father  over  other  tribes  fell  away  from  him,  for  he  seems  to 
have  had  little  influence  with  the 
when  war  was  once  begun. 

When  he  saw  that  it  was  to  become  a  general  war,  and  foresaw 
that,  remaining  in  the  vicinity  of  the  English  settlements,  his 
people  could  hardly  fail  to  be  drawn  into  some  active  participa¬ 
tion  in  it,  either  for  or  against  the  English,  he  prudently  with¬ 
drew  to  safe  retreats  whenever  the  hostile  forces  approached  his 
country ;  and  he  displayed  not  only  prudence,  but,  in  the  case 
when  Capt.  Mosely  marched  to  Pennacook  and  burnt  his  village 
and  destroyed  the  property  and  stored  food  of  his  people,  great 
patience  and  power ;  for  he  restrained  his  warriors,  who  pressed 
him  earnestly  for  permission  to  ambush  and  cut  off  Mosely’s 
company,  which  they  were  in  capacity,  both  of  numbers  and 
opportunity,  to  do. 

To  the  friendly  intercourse  which  Dover  kept  up  with  Wan¬ 
nalancet  was  due,  probably  in  some  measure,  its  immunity  from 
repeated  assults.  The  Wamesits,  living  at  what  is  now  Lowell, 
formerly  Chelmsford,  were  under  the  supervision  of  Lieut.  Rich¬ 
ardson  of  that  town,  and  were  a  quiet,  reputable  “  praying 


Ammoscoggins  or  Pequakets 


SQUANDO  OF  SACO. 


301 


village  ”  under  the  immediate  rule  of  “  Numphow,”  who,  as  has 
been  intimated,  was  probably  the  brother-in-law  of  Wannalancet. 
These  Indians  suffered  a  great  outrage  at  the  hands  of  some 
English  Indian-haters,  who  upon  the  burning  of  a  barn  of  Lieut. 
Richardson  at  Chelmsford  by  some  skulking  hostile  Indians,  im¬ 
mediately  and  without  authority  assaulted  these  helpless  Wame- 
sits,  wounding  five  women  and  children,  and  killing  outright  a 
lad,  wounding  his  mother,  daughter  of  Sagamore  J ohn  and  widow 
of  another  sagamore,  “  Tohatoonee,”  a  tried  friend  of  the  English. 
Numphow,  with  his  praying  village,  fled  to  Pennacook  to  Wanna¬ 
lancet,  and  wrote  to  Lieut.  Henchman,  commanding  at  Chelmsford 
garrison,  a  letter  explaining  their  flight. 

It  was  by  such  outrages  as  these  that  those  Indians  who 
inclined  to  peace  were  alienated,  and  those  already  inclined  to 
war  embittered,  and  many  of  the  young  men  of  the  Wamesits 
undoubtedly  joined  the  hostile  Indians,  and  passed  to  the  East¬ 
ward  to  swell  the  ranks  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  those  bands 
of  Ammoscoggins  and  Pequakets,  who,  with  the  “strange 
Indians  ”  from  the  Nipmucks  and  western  tribes,  were  carrying 
destruction  to  the  Eastward  settlements.  The  Indians  were  said 
to  be  led  in  general  by  “  Squando,”  sagamore  of  Saco,  formerly 
a  great  friend  of  the  English,  but,  outraged  by  the  treatment  of 
his  wife  and  child  by  some  English  sailors,  became  filled  with 
vengeful  hatred  towards  all  the  English.  These  sailors,  it  is  said, 
seeking  to  test  the  common  report  that  Indian  children  could 
swim  naturally,  like  the  young  of  beasts,  maliciously  upset  the 
canoe  containing  the  woman  and  child;  the  child  sank  in  the 
river,  but  the  mother  diving  to  the  bottom  saved  it,  which,  how¬ 
ever,  soon  after  dying,  its  death  was  imputed  to  this  treatment. 
Squando  was  said  to  be  a  great  powow  or  wizard,  and  was 
probably  the  most  influential  chief  from  the  Penobscot  to  the 
Piscataqua.  It  was  not  Philip’s,  but  his  own  war  that  he  was 
fighting  against  these  eastern  settlements.  Major  Walderne’s 
letter  and  Gen.  Denison’s  appeals  seem  to  have  moved  the  United 
Commissioners  to  the  following  action : 

Boston  Octob:  1st  1675 

The  Commissioners  understanding  that  the  Inhabitants  of  Pasca- 
taque,  and  so  Eastward,  are  under  great  Distress,  by  Reason  of  the 
Rage  of  the  Common  Enemy,  Doe  commend  it  to  the  honourable  Gov¬ 
ernor  and  Councill  of  the  Mattachusets,  that  some  present  Releife  may 
be  sent  unto  them  according  to  the  present  Exigent ;  the  charges 
whereof  shall  be  allowed  in  the  general  Account  of  the  Colonyes. 

Thomas  Danforth,  Pres  id4. 

In  the  name  and  by  the  order  of  the  Commissioners. 

As  the  people  gathered  more  and  more  into  the  garrisons,  the 
Indians  gathered  into  larger  bodies,  with  the  evident  design  to 
reduce  these  garrisons  one  by  one,  while  they  warily  watched  to 


302 


king  philip’s  war. 


cut  off  all  stragglers  who  attempted  to  pass  from  one  to  another. 
October  7th  was  observed  as  a  day  of  public  humiliation,  and  on 
that  day  three  men  were  killed  near  Newichewannock,  and  soon 
after  a  garrison  was  assaulted  and  an  old  man  named  Beard  was 
killed  just  outside  the  house,  and  other  houses  were  burnt.  On 
October  16th  a  large  body  of  Indians,  said  to  be  a  hundred, 
gathered  towards  the  settlement  of  Salmon  Falls,  and  surprising 
Richard  Tozer  at  his  house  half  a  mile  from  the  garrison,  killed 
him  and  captured  his  son.  Lieut.  Roger  Plaisted,  who  was  in 
command  at  the  garrison,  hearing  the  guns  of  this  attack,  imme¬ 
diately  sent  seven  men  to  find  out  the  cause,  when  they  were 
ambushed,  and  two  or  three  were  killed,  and  the  others  barely 
escaped  back  to  their  garrison.  Lieut.  Plaisted  at  once  despatched 
a  messenger  with  the  following  letter  to  Major  Walderne,  which 
Mr.  Hubbard,  believing  it  to  have  been  “the  last  Time  that  ever 
that  good  and  useful  Man  set  Pen  to  Paper,”  inserted  in  his 
history,  and  probably  obtained  the  letter  for  that  purpose  from 
Major  Walderne. 

Salmon  Falls  October  16,  1675. 

Mr.  Richard  Waldern  and  Lieut.  Coffin,  These  are  to  inform  you, 
that  just  now  the  Indians  are  engaging  us  with  at  least  one  hundred 
Men,  and  have  slain  four  of  our  men  already,  Richard  Tozer,  James 
Barney,  Isaack  Bottes,  and  Tozer’s  son  and  burnt  Benoni  Hodsden’s 
House;  Sir,  if  ever  you  have  any  love  for  us,  and  the  Country,  now 
shew  yourself  with  Men  to  help  us,  or  else  we  are  all  in  great  Danger 
to  be  slain,  unless  our  God  wonderfully  appear  for  our  Deliverance. 
They  that  cannot  fight,  let  them  pray ;  Nought  else,  but  I  rest, 

Yours  to  serve  you 

Signed  by  Roger  Plaisted, 

George  Broughton. 

Major  Walderne  was  in  no  condition  now  to  weaken  his  own 
garrisons,  and  had  not  the  valor  of  Lieut.  Plaisted  outrun  his 
discretion,  his  garrison  as  well  as  himself  and  family  would  have 
been  safe  in  their  defence ;  but  venturing  out  with  an  ox-team 
guarded  by  twenty  men,  to  bring  in  their  dead  for  burial,  they 
fell  into  an  ambush  after  they  had  recovered  the  body  of  Tozer, 
and  had  returned  to  the  swamp  near  the  garrison  where  the  others 
lay  dead.  It  was  the  old  story,  a  total  surprise,  a  brave  but  vain 
defence,  a  sullen  retreat,  and  Lieut.  Plaisted  with  his  sons,  bravely 
covering  the  retreat,  was  surrounded  and  overwhelmed,  but  with 
proud  defiance  choosing  death  rather  than  capture,  was  at  last 
overpowered  by  numbers  and  slain.  His  eldest  son  was  also 
killed  in  this  retreat,  and  another  younger  son  wounded  so  that 
he  died  within  a  few  weeks.  The  desperate  fighting  of  the  Plais- 
teds  probably  cost  the  Indians  quite  dearly,  as  they  did  not  appear 
the  next  day  when  Capt.  Charles  Frost  came  up  from  his  garri¬ 
son  at  Sturgeon  Creek  (now  Eliot,  Me.)  and  buried  the  dead. 
Within  a  few  weeks,  however,  they  returned  and  began  depreda- 


OPERATIONS  IN  YORK  COUNTY. 


303 


tions  in  the  same  places,  and  ventured  as  far  as  Sturgeon  Creek, 
where  Capt.  Frost  had  relaxed  his  vigilance  and  was  working  on 
his  farm  near  his  house,  in  which  it  is  probable  his  boys  were  set 
to  watch.  The  Indians  crept  up  and  fired  a  volley  at  him  before 
he  was  aware  of  their  presence ;  but  he  escaped  unharmed  to  his 
own  house,  where  he  began  to  issue  orders  in  a  loud  voice  as 
though  he  had  a  large  company  of  soldiers,  which  so  frightened 
the  Indians  that  they  passed  on  and  left  him  unmolested,  though 
his  entire  force  was  but  three  boys,  possibly  his  sons.  The  Indians 
then  passed  down  on  the  Kittery  side  of  the  river,  killed  one  man 
and  burnt  his  house,  “  just  over  against  Portsmouth ;  ”  but  when 
a  small  cannon  was  fired  thence  and  the  shot  fell  not  far  from 
them,  they  were  so  frightened  thereat  that  they  fled,  leaving 
much  of  their  plunder.  They  were  pursued  by  the  English  at 
this  time  and  tracked  far  into  the  woods  by  means  of  a  light  snow, 
but  finally  escaped  into  a  swamp.  This  latter  service  was  prob¬ 
ably  under  the  direction  of  Major  Walderne,  although  we  have 
no  record  of  its  details.  For  some  time  after  this  they  continued 
to  harass  the  settlements,  but  near  the  end  of  November,  when  it 
is  said  that  they  had  killed  or  captured  one  hundred  and  fifty 
people  from  the  Kennebec  to  the  Piscataqua,  they  withdrew  to 
their  winter  quarters,  mostly  at  Ossipee  and  Pequaket.  Gen. 
Denison  designed,  and  had  given  orders  to  the  officers  in  those 
parts  to  draw  out  all  available  men  in  their  command  to  pursue 
the  enemy  to  their  homes  and  there  attack  and  destroy  them. 
This  design  fell  through  on  account  of  the  early  and  severe  set¬ 
ting  in  of  winter  and  the  lack  of  proper  snow-shoes  in  sufficient 
numbers.  But  the  fierceness  of  the  season,  and  the  unusual  num¬ 
bers  huddled  together,  with  the  probable  neglect  to  secure  their 
usual  supply  of  food  from  harvests,  hunting  and  fishing,  so  pinched 
them  by  famine,  that  they  were  forced  to  attempt  a  reconciliation, 
and  came  to  Major  Walderne  and  expressed  sorrow  for  all  the  evil 
that  had  been  done,  and  with  him  concluded  a  treaty  1  of  peace, 
early  in  January,  which  remained  unbroken  until  August,  1676. 

Before  June,  1676,  the  southern  Indians,  scattered  and  pursued 
from  their  tribes  and  homes,  and  fearing  extermination,  had 
hidden  themselves  amongst  these  Eastern  Indians,  and  hoped  to 
escape  thus  the  vengeance  of  the  English.  In  the  mean  time  the 
Eastern  tribes  themselves,  through  the  mediation  of  Wannalancet 
and  Major  Walderne,  were  trying  in  various  ways  to  atone  for 
past  crimes.  June  3,  1676,  Wannalancet  came  in  with  several 
others  of  his  sachems  and  brought  some  English  captives,  and 
also  the  Indians  who  had  been  engaged  in  the  killing  of  Thomas 
Kembal  of  Bradford,  a  month  before,  and  the  capture  of  his 
family.  This  Indian  was  called  “  Symon  ”  in  the  petition  of 
Kembal’s  widow  for  redress,  August  1,  1676.  Two  others  were 
taken  and  delivered  up  at  this  time,  “  Andrew  ”  who  was  implicated 


1  See  Council  Minutes,  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  122. 


304 


king  philip’s  war. 


with  Symon,  and  Peter,  engaged  in  another  crime ;  these  were 
delivered  by  Wannalancet  and  his  chiefs,  and  the  captives,  among 
them  Kembal’s  family,  were  offered  as  a  token  of  their  repentance 
and  as  an  atonement  for  their  crime.  But  our  magistrates,  a 
little  doubtful  that  the  price  was  sufficient,  threw  these  three 
Indians  into  prison  at  Dover  for  the  time,  from  which  they  soon 
escaped,  and  going  to  the  Eastward  joined  the  Kennebec  and 
Ammoscoggins  in  the  renewed  hostilities  later  on. 

The  following  is  the  treaty  of  July  3d,  1676  : 

Pascataqua  River,  Cochecho  3:  July  [1676] 

At  a  meeting  of  y®  Committee  appointed  by  y®  Honord  Gren1  Court  for 
to  treat  y®  Indians  of  the  Eastern  Parts  in  order  for  y®  procuring  an 
Honble  Peace  with  them,  Wee  wth  y®  mutuall  consent  of  y®  Sagamores 
Underwritten  in  behalf e  of  themselves  &  the  Men  —  Indians  belonging 
to  them  being  about  300  in  Number,  have  agreed  as  followeth : 

lly  That  henceforwards  none  of  y®  said  Indians  shall  offer  any 
Violence  to  y®  persons  of  any  English,  nor  doe  any  Damage  to  theyr 
Estates  in  any  kind  whatsoever.  And  if  any  Indian  or  Indians  shall 
offend  herein  they  shall  bring  or  cause  to  bee  brought  y®  offender  to 
some  English  authority,  there  to  be  prosecuted  by  y®  English  Lawes 
according  to  y®  Nature  of  y®  Offence. 

2ly  That  none  of  said  Indians  shall  entertain  at  any  Time  any  of 
our  Enemies,  but  shall  give  gsent  notice  to  y®  Comittee  when  any  come 
among  them,  Ingaging  to  goe  forth  w111  y®  English  against  them  (if 
desired)  in  order  to  y®  seizing  of  them.  And  if  any  of  sd  Indians 
shall  themselves  at  any  time  bring  such  or  Enemies  unto  us,  they  shall 
for  their  Reward  have  £3,  for  each  they  shall  so  bring  in. 

3ly  The  Indians  performing  on  theyr  part,  as  is  before  expressed, 
wee  y®  Committee  doe  ingage  in  y®  behalfe  of  y®  English  not  to  offer 
any  Violence  to  any  of  their  persons  or  estates,  and  if  any  injury  be 
offered  to  said  Indians  by  any  English,  they  complaining  to  Authority, 
ye  offender  shall  be  prosecuted  by  English  Lawes  according  to  y®  nature 
of  y®  offence.  In  witnes  to  each  &  all  y®  pmises  we  have  mutually 
shaken  hands  and  subscribed  or  Names. 

The  mark  -|-  Wannalanset  1  Sagamr 
(  Richard  Waldern  The  mark  -f-  Sampson  Aboquacemoka 
Committee  •<  Nic:  Shapleigh  The  mark  -j-  Mr.  WM  Sagamore 
(  Tho:  Daniel  The  mark  -j-  Squando,  Sagamore 

The  mark  -j-  Dony 
The  mark  -f-  Serogumba 

Samll  Numphow 
The  mark  -f-  Warockomee 
Mass.  Arch.,  vol.  30,  p.  206. 

It  is  not  known  how  much  influence  the  captive  Indians,  who 

1  Each  of  these  made  his  own  mark  before  his  name,  which  was  written  by  a  clerk.  The  orig¬ 
inal  paper  is  preserved  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  30.  Of  the  Indians  here  signing,  except  Wanna¬ 
lanset  and  Squando,  not  much  is  known.  Sampson  is  supposed  to  have  been  from  the  East  as  far 
as  Kennebec.  Mr.  Wm  Sagamore  was  probably  a  teacher  of  the  “Praying  Indians.”  Dony  was 
of  the  Ammoscoggins ;  Serogumba  perhaps  of  the  Ossipees,  and  Warockomee  of  the  Pequakets, 
though  the  assignment  of  these  two  last  is  scarcely  more  than  a  guess.  Sam11  Numphow  was  a 
ruler  of  the  Wamesits,  a  Christian  Indian. 


THE  “  CONTRIVEMENT  ”  AT  DOVER. 


305 


escaped  from  Dover,  exercised  on  the  Kennebec  Indians  in  the 
renewal  of  hostilities,  but  it  is  certain  that  “  Simon  ”  was  at  the 
head  of  those  who  struck  the  first  blow  at  Casco  (now  Portland, 
Me.),  in  which  attack  the  Brackets  and  others  to  the  number  of 
thirty-four  were  killed  or  captured.  And  this  party  immediately 
after  joined  those  who  had  surprised  Arrowsick  and  the  settle¬ 
ments  adjoining ;  and  subsequent  events  showed  that  both  parties 
were  acting  in  conjunction. 

These  hostilities  were  renewed  August  11th,  1676,  a  little  more 
than  a  month  after  the  treaty  at  Cocheco,  which  had  included  all 
the  tribes  as  far  as  the  Kennebec.  None  of  the  tribes  whose 
representatives  signed  that  treaty  were  implicated  in  these  attacks 
upon  Casco  and  Arrowsick,  and  therefore  considered  themselves 
upon  a  peace  footing ;  so  that,  when  at  the  beginning  of  Septem¬ 
ber  some  four  hundred  of  these,  the  men  of  the  tribes,  came  in  to 
Major  Walderne’s  at  Dover,  under  the  leadership  of  Wannalancet, 
it  was,  perhaps,  to  prove  themselves  not  engaged  in  the  hostilities 
at  the  eastward,  since  they  were  present  now  with  the  Penna- 
cooks  and  the  others  who  had  kept  the  peace  since  the  winter 
before.  It  was  known,  however,  to  the  General  Court  that  many 
of  the  Indians  of  the  south  and  west  who  had  been  engaged  with 
Philip  formerly  had  now  found  a  retreat  with  these  peaceful 
tribes.  It  is  not  probable  that  Wannalancet  and  his  chiefs  under¬ 
stood  the  treaty  to  impose  upon  them  the  duty  of  investigating 
the  previous  career  of  those  Indians  who  might  wish  to  join  them¬ 
selves  to  his  tribe,  nor  to  have  considered  themselves  responsible 
for  hostile  acts  done  at  Narraganset  or  on  the  Connecticut  River. 
But  the  authorities  determined  upon  the  immediate  suppression 
of  these  Eastern  Indians,  and  sent  Capts.  Sill  and  Hathorne,  as 
related  in  a  previous  chapter,  with  two  companies  and  full  com¬ 
mission  to  “kill  and  destroy  ”  all  hostile  Indians  wherever  found. 
These  companies,  as  above  related,  came  to  Dover  in  September, 
and  there  found  the  great  gathering  of  Indians  at  Major  Wal¬ 
derne’s  house.  I  have  not  found  anywhere  any  attempt  at  an 
explanation  of  the  presence  of  so  many  Indians  at  Dover,  other 
than  that  which  has  been  intimated  above.  It  was  known  to  all 
the  Indians  that  the  English  had  made  overtures  to  the  Mohawks 
to  make  war  upon  the  Eastern  and  other  hostile  Indians.  The 
Mohawks  were  regarded  by  all  the  Indians  of  the  New  England 
colonies  with  a  dread  which  was  almost  insane ;  there  seems  to 
have  been  no  thought  of  resistance  to  these  dreaded  foes.  Many 
tribes  and  remnants  of  tribes  began  to  sue  for  terms  of  peace  ;  and 
a  general  proclamation  was  issued  about  this  time  in  answer : 

That  treacherous  Persons  who  began  the  War  and  those  that  have 
been  barbourously  bloody  must  not  expect  to  have  their  lives  spared ; 
but  others  that  have  been  drawn  into  the  War,  and  acting  only  as 
Souldiers,  submitting  to  be  without  Arms,  and  to  live  quietly  and 
peaceably  for  the  Future,  shall  have  their  Lives  spared. 


306 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 

A  contemporary  writer  of  a  pamphlet  (written  in  Boston  and 
published  in  London,  1676),  who  signs  himself  “  R.  H.  ”  (perhaps 
Richard  Hutchinson),  and  gives  a  “  True  Account  of  the  most  con¬ 
siderable  occurrences  ”  in  the  war,  from  May  5th  to  August  4th, 
1676,  publishes  the  above  decree  of  the  Council,  and  evidently 
confounds  the  treaty  of  July  3d  with  the  affair  of  September  7th  ; 
as  he  says,  that  “  upon  the  10th  day  of  July  there  were  about  300 
Indians  at  the  Eastward,  that  surrendered  themselves  to  the  Eng¬ 
lish  and  their  sachems  with  them.”  He  mentions  Wannalancet 
and  Squando,  and  says  the  dread  of  the  Mohawks  drove  them  in. 
He  says  nothing  of  a  “sham-fight,”  or  of  a  capture.  Mr.  Hub¬ 
bard  is  silent  as  to  the  “  sham-fight ;  ”  but  says  that  the  Indians, 
“  hoping  to  shrowd  themselves  under  the  Wings  of  some  honester 
Indians  about  Quechecho,  under  Pretence  of  a  Declaration  sent 
out  by  the  Governour  and  Council  of  the  Massachusetts  in  July 
last ;  ”  and  in  this  mention  relates  that  our  forces  under  Capts. 
Hathorne  and  Sill,  with  the  help  of  Major  Walderne  and  Capt. 
Frost,  and  others  residing  in  those  parts  “  being  then  in  Readi¬ 
ness,”  separated  the  vile  and  wicked  from  the  rest  and  sent  them 
down  to  the  Governour  at  Boston.  And  in  the  other  mention, 
in  the  account  of  the  war  with  these  Eastern  Indians,  he  says 
that  these  officers  mentioned  above  mutually  agree  to  seize  upon 
all  those  Indians  that  were  gathered  “about  Major  Waldern’s 
Dwelling  in  Quechecho,”  and  that  “  the  contrivement  suc¬ 
ceeded.” 

Lacking  proof  contrary,  it  would  seem  that  the  Indians  were 
gathered,  through  the  influence  of  Major  Walderne  and  Wanna¬ 
lancet,  to  accept  the  terms  of  the  General  Court’s  proclamation 
of  amnesty.  The  forcible  capture  of  four  hundred  Indians  even 
by  the  stratagem  of  a  sham-fight  seems  highly  improbable ;  and 
it  is  far  likelier  that  the  surrender  was  full  and  entirely  peaceful, 
while  the  separation  of  the  bad  from  the  good  was  made  after  all 
were  quietly  surrounded  by  the  English,  possibly  under  the  pre¬ 
tence  of  a  “  training.”  Mr.  Belknap,  the  eminent  historian  of 
New  Hampshire,  many  years  minister  at  Dover,  gives  some  detail 
of  the  sham-fight,  and  says  that  Major  Walderne  planned  this 
method  to  secure  the  “bad”  Indians  without  bloodshed.  The 
Indians  were  set  on  one  side  the  field  and  the  English  on  the 
other,  and  after  considerable  manoeuvring,  the  Indians  were  in¬ 
duced  to  fire  the  first  volley,  after  which  the  four  companies  of 
Walderne,  Sill,  Hathorne,  Frost,  and  probably  Capt.  Hunting’s 
company  of  friendly  Indians,  surrounded  and  disarmed  them. 
Whatever  the  method,  it  is  certain  that  the  Indians  captured  on 
September  6th,  to  the  number  of  some  two  hundred,  were  sent 
down  to  Boston  in  vessels.  September  10th  a  letter  was  sent 
by  Major  Walderne,  Nicholas  Shapleigh  and  Thomas  Daniel, 
containing  some  explanations  in  regard  to  the  prisoners  and  the 
charges  against  certain  of  them.  The  following  is  the  letter : 


THE  CAPTIVE  INDIANS. 


307 


Dover,  10th  Septembr  1676 

Much  Hond 

The  Indn8  being  now  on  board  &  Comeing  towards  you  Wee  y‘ 
have  been  Soe  far  Improv’d  about  ym  Thought  it  Convenient  to  Inform 
how  ffar  they  have  kept  the  Pease  made  with  us  &  who  of  those  are 
Concerned  therein  viz*  Penicooks  Wonolansets  Waymesits  &  Piscataq 
IndnB  there  being  not  any  belonging  further  Eastwd  come  in  nor  any 
other  of  those  belonging  to  ye  South  Side  of  Mirimack  ever  Included 
in  our  Pease ;  those  of  ym  y*  had  made  ye  Pease  comeing  in  to  Comply 
wth  y‘  the  others  to  get  Shelter  under  ym  but  y‘  they  should  be  all 
treated  alike  as  here  they  were  wee  humbly  Conceived  no  Reason  wee 
not  being  able  to  Charge  those  that  had  made  ye  Pease  wth  any  breach 
of  Articles  Save  only  yl  of  entertaining  our  Southern  Enemies  but  by 
y*  meanes  wee  came  to  Surprise  Soe  many  of  ym  There  are  Several  of 
Piscataq  IndDS  here  who  before  ye  Pease  had  been  very  Active  Against 
us  but  since  have  lived  quietly  &  Attended  Order  but  yor  Pleasures 
being  to  have  all  sent  down  to  determine  their  Case  at  Boston,  hath 
been  Attended  keeping  here  about  10  young  men  of  ym  to  Serve  in  ye 
Army  with  their  families  &  Some  old  men  and  theirs  with  Wonolansets 
Relations.  Yesterday  came  in  2  Squawes  informing  y‘  one  eyed  Jn°  & 
Jethro  were  designing  ye  Surprizing  of  Canonicus  &  bringing  in  desire- 
ing  Some  of  our  old  Men  to  come  to  Advise  with  him  about  it.  I 
forthwith  sent  out  there  to  further  ye  design.  Wee  have  information 
from  Jewels  Island  y‘  the  former  newes  is  not  Soe  bad  being  not  above 
10  in  all  killed  and  wounded  being  unexpectedly  surprised  If  yr  be 
Any  obstruction  in  ye  ffurther  Prosecution  of  ye  enemy  now  by  y® 
Army,  our  People  will  quickly  desert  their  Country,  Shall  Add  no  more 
at  Prsent  but  Remain  in  much  Honr  Yor  Humble  Servnt9 

Richard  Waldern 
Nic:  Shapleigh 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  30,  p.  218.  Tho:  Daniel 

This  letter  shows  that  orders  had  come  from  the  Council  for 
all  the  Indians  taken  to  be  sent  to  Boston.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  very  many  of  those  sent  down  considered  themselves, 
and  were  considered  by  the  above  committee,  as  having  accepted 
and  fulfilled  the  terms  of  peace  agreed  upon  in  the  treaty  with 
Major  Walderne  the  winter  before.  The  Pennacooks  and 
the  Wamesits  were  the  only  tribes  mentioned  as  included  in 
the  treaty,  south  of  the  Merrimac.  It  is  evident  that  some 
of  the  “  Praying  ”  Indians  were  sent  down  also,  as  we  find  Mr. 
Eliot  and  Major  Gookin  at  once  advocating  their  cause  and  the 
claims  of  those  who  had  accepted  the  terms  of  the  treaty  and 
supposed  it  covered  and  condoned  past  offences. 

A  good  view  of  the  condition  of  affairs  at  this  Eastern  part, 
where  the  war  was  now  being  waged,  is  gained  from  this 
letter  from  the  chief  citizens  of  “Northfolk  and  Yorkshire” 
Counties. 


308 


king  philip’s  war. 


Ports m°:  19:  8br:  1676 

Much  Honrd 

Being  upon  occasion  of  ye  Alarms  lately  recd  fro  ye  Enemy  mett 
togethr  at  Portsm0  thought  meet  to  give  yor  Hon"  our  sense  of  Matt"  in 
y8  p‘  of  ye  Country  in  ye  best  Mannr  y‘  upon  ye  place  in  ye  prsent  Hurry 
we  are  able  to  get.  How  things  are  now  at  Wells  &  York  wee  know 
not,  but  prsume  yorselves  will  be  informed  ere  ys  comes  to  yor  hand  p 
ye  Post  sent  fro:  ye  Comandr  in  cheefe  wch  (as  wee  understand)  went 
thro.  ys  Towne  ys  Morning.  Only  thus  mch  we  have  learnt  y4  ye  Enemy 
is  Numerous  &  about  those  pta,  having  carried  all  clear  before  him  so 
far  as  Wells.  That  hee  is  pceeding  towards  us  &  so  on  toward  yor 
Selves  ye  Enemy  intimates  &  ye  thing  itself  speaks.  What  is  meet  to 
be  now  don  is  w*  yorselves  to  say  rather  than  for  us  to  suggest,  how¬ 
ever  being  so  deeply  and  nextly  concerned  humbly  crave  leave  to  offer 
to  Consider11  wThether  ye  securing  of  what  is  left  bee  not  or  next  Work 
rather  than  -ye  Attempting  to  regain  what  is  lost  unless  there  were 
strength  enough  to  doe  both.  It  seemes  little  available  to  endeavor 
ought  in  ye  More  Eastern  places  y4  are  already  conquered  unless  there 
bee  several  Garrisons  made  &  kept  with  provision  &  Amunition  &  what 
may  be  suitable  for  a  Recruit  upon  all  Occasions,  wch  to  do  (at  least  y8 
Winter)  cannot  say  y4  ye  profit  will  make  amends  for  ye  charge.  Sure 
wee  are  y4  orselves  (y4  is  ye  County  of  Northfolk  with  Dover  &  Portsm0) 
are  so  far  from  being  capeable  of  Spareing  any  fforces  for  y4  Expedi¬ 
tion  y4  we  find  orselves  so  thinned  and  weakened  by  those  y4  are  out 
already  y4  there  is  nothing  but  ye  singular  Providence  of  God  hath  pre¬ 
vented  our  being  utterly  run  down.  The  Enemy  observes  or  motions 
&  knows  or  strength  (weaknes  rather)  bett  yn  wee  are  willing  hee 
should  &  pbably  had  been  with  us  ere  this  had  not  ye  Highest  Power 
overruled  him.  And  that  Haver-hill,  Exttr,  &c.  are  in  like  Prdicam‘ 
wth  Dover,  &c.  seems  apparent,  &  hence  as  uncapeable  of  spareing 
Men.  In  true  [sic]  there  is  an  Army  out  in  Yorkshire  wch  will  doubtle8 
doe  what  may  be  done,  yet  there  is  room  enough  for  ye  Enemy  to  slipp 
by  them  unobserved  &  if  so  what  a  Condition  we  are  in  is  evident. 
Our  own  men  are  not  enough  to  maintain  or  own  places  if  any  Assault 
be  made  &  yet  many  of  o"  are  now  on  the  other  side  of  the  Pascataqr 
River.  Wee  expect  an  Onsett  in  one  place  or  other  every  day,  &  can 
expect  no  Reliefe  fro  those  that  are  so  far  fro  home.  If  it  should  bee 
thought  meet  y4  all  ye  Men  y4  are  come  to  us  &  other  parts  of  y8  Juris¬ 
diction  from  ye  deserted  &  conquered  Eastern  Country  should  be 
ordered  to  ye  Places  y4  are  left  on  theyr  own  side  of  ye  River,  y4  so  o" 
may  be  recalled  to  theyr  severall  towns,  it  might  possibly  bee  not  una¬ 
vailable  to  ye  Ends ;  Especially  if  wth  all  some  Indians  might  be  ordered 
to  these  parts  to  bee  upon  a  perpetuall  scout  fro  place  to  place. 
We  design  not  a  lessening  or  discouragm4  of  ye  Army  who  rather  need 
strengthening  &  Incouragm4,  for  we  verily  think  y4  if  by  ye  Good  Hand 
of  Providence  ye  Army  had  not  been  there  all  ye  Parts  on  ye  other  side 
of  ye  River  had  been  possest  by  the  Enemy  &  perhaps  orselves  too  ere 
y8  Time.  But  what  we  aim  at  is  that  orselves  also  may  be  put  into 
Capacity  to  defend  orselves.  Wee  are  apt  to  fear  we  have  been  too 
bold  with  your  Honors,  but  wee  are  sure  our  Intentions  are  good,  & 
or  Condition  very  bad  except  ye  Lord  of  Hosts  appear  for  us  speedily, 
&  wee  would  be  found  in  ye  Use  of  Meanes,  commending  or  case  to  him 


REPORT  FROM  THE  EASTWARD  TOWN'S. 


309 


y*  is  able  to  protect  us  and  direct  yorselves  in  order  thereunto,  & 
remain 

Mch  Hond  Yor  Humble  Servts 

Robt  Pike,  Richard  Walderne, 

Richard  Martyn,  John  Cett, 

WM  Vaughan,  Tho:  Daniel. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  71. 

A  reference  in  Major  Gookin’s  history  of  the  “  Praying 
Indians  ”  proves  the  intimation  in  the  following  letter  that  a  sec¬ 
ond  company  of  Indians  was  sent  down,  including  those  who 
came  in  after  the  army  had  passed  to  the  Eastward,  and  also  that 
Major  Walderne  himself  went  to  Boston  to  assist  in  the  “dis¬ 
posal,”  and  sold  some  of  them;  and  probably  Wannalancet  and 
his  men,  and  the  Wamesits,  went  with  the  Major,  by  the  require¬ 
ment  of  the  General  Court.  Major  Gookin  complains  that  some 
of  his  most  trusted  praying  Indians,  and  especially  Sam  Num- 
phow,  with  difficulty  cleared  themselves  from  the  accusations  of 
English  who  had  been  captives  and  swore  against  them,  when,  he 
says,  it  is  not  easy  to  identify  Indians  under  even  the  most  favor¬ 
able  conditions. 

Cochecha,  2.  9ber  1676 

Majr  Gookin, 

Honrd  Sr. 

I  recd  yors  of  25th  8ber  concerning  Some  Ind118  wch  you  Say  it  is 
Alledged  I  promised  life  &  liberty  to ;  time  pmits  mee  not  at  prsent  to 
inlarge  but  for  Answer  in  Short  you  may  Please  to  know  I  Promised 
neither  Peter  Jethro  nor  any  other  of  y‘  compa  life  or  liberty  it  not 
being  in  my  Power  to  doe  it ;  all  yl  I  promised  was  to  Peter  Jethro 
vi 7}  that  if  he  would  use  his  Endeavor  &  be  Instrumental  ffor  ye  bring¬ 
ing  in  one  eyed  Jn°  &c.  I  would  acquaint  ye  Govrnr  wth  w‘  service 
he  had  done  &  Improve  my  Interest  in  his  behalfe  this  I  Acquainted 
ye  Honrd  Council  wth  if  it  had  been  their  Pleasures  to  have  Saved  more 
of  ym  it  would  not  have  troubled  mee,  as  to  ye  Squaw1  you  Mention 
belonging  to  one  of  Capt.  Hunting’s  Souldiers,  there  was  Such  a  one 
left  of  ye  first  Great  Compa  of  Indns  1st  [sent]  down  wch  Capt.  Hunting 
desired  might  Stay  here  til  himself e  &  her  husband  Came  back  from 
Eastwd  wch  I  consented  to  &  how  she  came  among  y*  compa  I  know  not 
I  requiring  none  to  goe  yn  to  Boston  but  those  that  came  in  after  ye 
Armies  departure  neither  Knew  I  a  word  of  it  at  Boston  w11 1  disposed 
of  ym  soe  twas  her  own  fault  in  not  Acquainting  mee  with  it  but  if  Said 
Squaw  be  not  sent  of  I  shall  be  freely  willing  to  reimburse  those  Gen‘ 
w‘  they  gave  mee  for  her  y‘  she  may  be  sett  at  liberty  being  w.holy  ino- 
cent  as  to  w‘  I’me  charged  wth  I  intend  ere  long  to  be  at  Boston  wn  I 
doubt  not  but  shall  give  you  full  satisfaction  thereabout. 

I  am  Sr  yor  Humble  Servtt  Richard  Waldern. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  30,  p.  226. 

1  The  Indian  woman  referred  to  in  Major  Waldeme’s  letter  was  Mary  Nemasit,  wife  of  John, 
who  had  been  in  the  army  with  the  English  under  Capt.  Hunting  during  the  summer,  and  now 
comes  armed  with  a  letter  from  Major  Gookin  and  demands  his  wife  and  child,  who  were  in 
Boston  Prison ,  and  had  been  bought  by  Messrs.  Tho:  Deane  and  James  Whetcomb.  Nov.  23d, 
1676,  the  Council  gives  order  to  the  prison-keeper  to  deliver  the  woman  and  child  to  her  husband. 
See  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  30,  p.  228. 


310 


king  philip’s  war. 


There  is  no  doubt  that  the  general  voice  of  the  colony  highly 
applauded  the  action  of  Major  Wald  erne,  and  gave  him  the  credit 
of  the  capture,  while  Major  Gookin  questioned  the  method 
sharply. 

The  following  list  of  credits  is  all  that  appears  in  Hull’s  Treas¬ 
ury  accounts ;  and  these  men  were  those  who  served  under  him 
personally,  the  others  being  credited  under  their  respective 
captains,  and  those  after  August  24th  placed  in  a  later  journal 
now  lost. 


Credited  under  Major  Walderne. 


January  25  1675 

Joseph  Pillsbery 

01 

12 

06 

Lawrence  Clinton 

02 

15 

08 

Richard  Jones 

02 

02 

00 

James  Ford 

02 

15 

00 

Thomas  Baker 

02 

02 

00 

William  Delamore 

02 

02 

00 

John  Smith 

02 

02 

90 

February  29, 

1675 

Edward  Fuller 

02 

02 

00 

Thomas  Rowlinson 

02 

02 

00 

March  24*  1675-6 

Joseph  Fowler 

03 

12 

00 

Daniel  Tenney 

01 

19 

04 

Henry  Ducker 

03 

12 

00 

April  24th  1676 

Jeremiah  Neale 

01 

13 

09 

Richard  Freind 

01 

12 

06 

John  Line 

03 

06 

00 

June  24th  1676 

Samuel  Stanwood 

02 

02 

00 

Mark  Hascall 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Bray 

02 

02 

00 

August  24th  1676 

George  Cross 

02 

02 

00 

Edmund  Henfield 

01 

12 

00 

THE  WINTER  EXPEDITION  OP  MAJOR  WALDERNE  TO  THE 

EASTWARD. 

In  following  the  career  of  Major  Walderne,  it  will  be  necessary 
to  pass  over  a  detailed  account  of  affairs  at  the  Eastward,  in 
which,  however,  he  bore  no  small  part,  being  magistrate  as  well 
as  military  commander  of  this  quarter  of  the  colony.  All  the 
Eastern  settlements  were  broken  up,  and  the  people  who  were 
neither  killed  nor  made  captive  fled  to  the  Westward  towns  for 
safety.  Desolation  lay  over  all,  from  Pemaquid  as  far  as  Wells. 
Capt.  Hathorne’s  forces  availed  but  little  except  to  keep  the 
Indians  from  any  general  gathering  and  organized  attack.  Small 
parties  of  the  enemy  were  scattered  along  the  frontiers,  ready  to 
fall  upon  any  exposed  settlement.  The  alarms,  attacks  and  use¬ 
less  pursuits  were  many ;  till  at  last,  about  the  middle  of  October, 
the  celebrated  “  Mog,”  or  “  Mugg,”  came  in  to  Major  Walderne 
and  announced  himself  as  empowered  to  negotiate  peace  with  the 
English  on  behalf  of  “  Madockawando  and  Cheberrina,  Sachems 
of  Penobscot.”  Mog  came  to  Boston  under  safe  conduct  from 
the  governor,  and  between  Nov.  6th  and  13th  a  treaty  was  con¬ 
cluded  between  the  colony  and  the  Eastward  Indians,  not  includ¬ 
ing  the  “  Ammoscoggins  ”  and  “  Pequakets.”  During  this  time 
Capt.  Hathorne,  upon  information  received  of  Mog,  marched  his 
troops  up  to  Ossipee,  expecting  to  find  there  a  large  body  of 


MAJOR  WALDERNE  VISITS  MADOCKAWANDO. 


311 


Indians  and  English  captives,  but  found  nothing  but  the  empty 
fort,  which  they  burnt,  and  returned  to  Berwick  on  November 
9th.  Upon  the  issue  of  the  treaty  the  Council  sent  vessels  to  the 
Penobscot  with  Mog,  held  as  voluntary  hostage,  to  act  as  agent 
and  interpreter.  Madockawando  was  found  and  confirmed  the 
treaty  made  with  Mog,  and  delivered  the  few  prisoners  which  he 
held.  Mog  himself  was  permitted  to  go  up  into  the  woods  to 
another  plantation  to  persuade  other  Indians  to  join  in  the  treaty, 
and  to  bring  in  some  captives  which  they  held ;  but  not  returning, 
they  supposed  he  was  either  killed  or  detained  as  prisoner  by  the 
Indians,  as  he  told  them  when  he  left  them  might  be  the  result. 
They  waited  more  than  a  week,  and  then  came  home,  arriving  at 
Boston  December  25th,  1676.  Nothing  more  was  heard  of  the 
captives  at  the  Eastward  or  of  Mog  until  January  5th,  when  one 
Francis  Card,  a  captive,  escaped,  and  made  his  way  to  Blackpoint 
and  thence  to  Boston,  where  he  made  an  interesting  statement  of 
the  condition  of  things  at  the  Eastward ;  told  the  story  of  his 
escape,  stated  the  location  and  strength  of  the  enemy,  putting 
their  entire  fighting  force  at  not  above  one  hundred  and  fifty 
fighting  men ;  he  described  the  country  and  explained  the  best 
places  to  land  a  force,  and  urged  that  an  expedition  be  sent  at 
once  before  they  removed  higher  up  the  river.  The  details  of 
all  the  matters  referred  to  above  are  to  be  given  in  another 
chapter.  The  statement  made  by  Card,  and  especially  his  im¬ 
plication  of  Mog  as  a  “  Rogue  ”  who  came  back  among  the 
Indians,  and  laughed  at  the  English  and  their  “  kinde  Entertain¬ 
ment,”  and  saying  he  had  found  a  way  to  burn  Boston,  seems  to 
have  renewed  the  determination  of  the  Council  to  send  an  expe¬ 
dition  immediately  to  attempt  the  recovery  of  their  forts  and  the 
captive  English.  Other  things  also  moved  them,  such  as  the  dis¬ 
covery  that  the  Narraganset  Indians  were  abroad  in  these  East¬ 
ward  parts,  three  being  captured  by  Major  Walderne’s  Indians 
in  the  woods  near  Dover ;  and  when  several  of  the  chief  men 
about  Portsmouth,  etc.,  came  to  Boston  advising  the  expedition, 
it  was  determined,  and  Major  Walderne  was  made  commander-in¬ 
chief. 

The  expedition  consisted  of  two  companies  of  sixty  men  from 
Boston  and  Salem;  the  first,  sixty  Natick  Indians  under  Capt. 
Samuel  Hunting ;  the  second,  sixty  men  under  Lieut.  Thomas 
Fiske  of  Wenham,  whose  commission  for  this  service  is  preserved 
in  the  Massachusetts  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  106,  and  is  dated  Feb¬ 
ruary  5th,  1676.  These  sailed  from  Salem  the  first  week  in  Feb¬ 
ruary,  directly  to  Blackpoint,  where  Major  Walderne  met  them 
with  the  forces  raised  by  him  and  Capt.  Frost  in  their  parts.  The 
Council  gave  Major  Walderne  instruction  and  commission  as 
follows  : 


312 


king  philip’s  war. 


Instructions  for  Major  Rich.  Walderne. 

You  shal  repaire  to  Blacke  point  wth  the  60  souldiers  under  capt. 
frost  that  you  are  authorized  by  ye  Council  to  raise  in  Dover  Ports¬ 
mouth  &  yorkshire  by  ye  8  of  febr  where  you  are  to  take  under  your 
command  the  other  forces  from  Boston  &  Salem  under  the  command 
of  Capt.  Hunting  &  Leiftenant  Fiske  &  other  sea  officers,  from  whence 
wth  all  expedition  wth  the  advice  of  your  commanders  you  shall  advance 
towards  the  enemy  at  Kinnebeck  or  elsewhere,  &  according  to  the  pro¬ 
posed  designe,  endeavour  wth  all  silence  &  secresy  to  surprize  them  in 
their  quarters  wherein  if  it  please  God  to  succeed  you,  you  shall  do 
your  utmost  endeavour  to  save  and  secure  the  English  prisoners.  If 
you  fail  in  this  designe  you  shall  assay  by  alle  means  in  your  power  to 
disturb  &  destroy  the  enemy  unless  you  have  such  overtures  from  them 
as  may  give  some  competent  assurance  that  an  honorable  and  safe 
peace  may  be  concluded  with  them  wherein  you  must  avoyd  all  trifling 
&  delayes  &  wth  all  possible  speed  make  despatch  of  the  affaire  not 
trusting  them  without  first  delivery  of  all  the  Captives  &  vessels  in 
their  hands.  If  you  should  in  conclusion  find  it  necessary  to  leave  a 
garrison  in  Kinnebeck,  wee  must  leave  it  to  your  discretion.  You 
shall  use  utmost  expedition  as  winds  &  other  advantages  will  permit 
lest  ye  season  be  lost  and  charges  seem  without  profitt. 

Praying  God  to  be  with  you  E.  R.  S. 

24  Janu17  1676 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  101. 

The  commission  of  Major  Walderne: 

J.  L.  G.  Wth  the  Consent  of  the  Council. 

To  Major  Richard  Walden. 

whereas  you  are  apoynted  Cor-in-chief  of  the  forces  Now  to  be 
raised  agl  the  enemy  the  pagans  in  the  East  for  the  assaulting  them  at 
Kinnebeck,  we  have  ordered  the  rendevous  of  the  Sd  forces  at  Black 
point  the  8  rfeb  next  doe  hereby  order  &  authorize  you  to  take  under 
your  command  and  conduct  the  Sd  forces  wch  you  are  to  require  to 
obey  &  attend  your  orders  &  Commands  as  their  Commander-in-chiefe 
&  you  to  leade  conduct  &  order  the  Sd  forces  for  the  best  service  of 
the  country  against  the  Common  enemy  whom  you  are  to  endeavour  to 
surprize  kill  &  destroy  by  all  means  in  your  power  &  al  Com’d”, 
Officers  &  soulders  under  you  are  required  to  yeild  obedience  to 
endeavour  to  recover  the  English  prisoners  from  out  of  their  possession, 
you  are  also  to  govern  the  forces  under  your  Command  according  to 
the  laws  enacted  by  the  Genera11  Cl  to  attend  to  all  such  orders  &  com¬ 
mands  as  you  shall  receive  from  time  to  time  from  the  general  Court 
Councill  or  other  Superior  authority. 

Given  in  Boston  29  jan,  1676.  Past  E.  R.  S. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  101. 

A  journal  account  of  this  expedition  was  kept  by  Major  Wal¬ 
derne,  which  Mr.  Hubbard  published  in  his  History,  from  the 
original  copy.  Only  an  abstract  can  find  place  here. 


ON  THE  KENNEBEC. 


313 


On  February  17th  Major  Walderne,  with  his  whole  command, 
sailed  from  Blackpoint  for  “  Portland.”  1  On  the  east  side  of 
Cape  Elizabeth  one  of  their  scouts,  John  Pain  (former  keeper  of 
the  Major’s  Pennacook  truck-house,  probably),  appeared  and  re¬ 
ported  the  way  clear  of  ice  and  Indians.  They  sailed  across  to 
“  Mary  Point  ”  (Mare-point),  arriving  late  at  night.  On  the  18th 
the  scouts  found  a  birch  canoe  and  the  tracks  of  three  Indians  at 
“  Muckquet  ”  (Maquoit).  Just  as  the  companies  were  drawn  up 
for  the  march,  five  canoes  of  Indians  landed  on  an  island  opposite 
(probably  Birch  Island)  and  signalled  for  a  parley ;  John  Pain 
was  sent,  and  they  promised  to  bring  the  captives  in  the  morning. 
Pain  returned  to  the  Indians,  and  “  Simon,”  one  of  their  leaders, 
came  as  a  hostage  in  his  place,  who  being  questioned  by  the 
Major,  declared  that  “  Blind  Will  ”  stirred  up  late  trouble  ;  that 
they  desired  peace  ;  that  Squando  was  over  at  the  island  and 
would  return  the  captives  to  Major  Walderne.  Squando  was 
summoned,  and  replied  that  he  would  meet  the  Major  if  he  would 
come  half  way  alone  in  a  canoe.  Major  Walderne  refused,  and 
the  Indian  promised  to  come  in  the  morning.  On  the  19th  they 
appeared  in  fourteen  canoes.  They  landed  upon  a  point  where 
there  was  a  house  which  was  set  on  fire,  and  their  scouts  seemed 
to  challenge  our  men  to  fight,  upon  which  cur  troops  marched 
against  them  as  secretly  as  possible,  when  they  fled,  but  Capt. 
Frost  came  upon  their  main  body  and  had  a  sharp  skirmish,  kill¬ 
ing  and  wounding  several  without  any  loss  to  his  own.  But 
anxious  for  the  captives,  the  Major  immediately  hung  out  a  flag 
of  truce,  which  was  immediately  answered  with  one  by  them. 
John  Pain  and  “  Simon  ”  therefore  met  and  had  an  explanation 
half  way  between  the  lines.  The  house  was  fired  accidentally, 
and  their  scouts  did  not  mean  to  challenge  ours,  but  hailed  them 
according  to  their  custom ;  said  the  captives  were  a  great  way  off 
and  had  not  yet  arrived,  but  promised  them  next  day.  On  the 
20th  they  were  weather-bound.  On  the  21st  they  sailed  for 
Arrowsick.  On  the  22d  they  sailed  up  the  river  till  stopped  by 
the  ice,  and  then  landed  their  forces  about  twelve  miles  from 
Abbigadassit  Fort,  at  which  they  arrived  after  a  six-hours’  march, 
and  found  the  fort  empty.  On  the  23d,  at  a  council-of-war,  it  was 
decided  that  Major  Walderne  should  sail  with  some  part  of  his 
forces  for  the  Penobscot,  while  the  rest  should  remain  and  build 
a  garrison.  On  the  24th  the  Major  located  a  site  opposite  the 
lower  end  of  Arrowsick  Island,  “at  John  Baker’s  house.”  Sun¬ 
day,  February  25th,  they  rested  at  this  place.  On  the  26th  Major 
Walderne  with  sixty  men  in  two  vessels  sailed  for  Penobscot 
River.  On  the  way  two  Indians  signalled  them  from  a  canoe  off 
“  Gyobscot  Point,”  and  John  Pain  and  Walt.  Gendal  were  sent 
to  speak  with  them,  and  were  told  that  many  Indians  and  some 
English  captives  were  at  Pemaquid.  The  whole  force  immediately 


1  Falmouth,  this  probably  the  first  mention  as  “  Portland.” 


314 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


set  sail  and  came  to  that  place  about  four  o’clock  that  same  day, 
and  were  immediately  hailed  by  Indians  from  “  Mr.  Gardner’s 
Fort.”  John  Pain  was  sent  ashore  to  them  and  found  the  chief 
sagamore  Mattahando  with  other  sachems  and  “  sundry  sorts  of 
Indians.”  The  chief  wished  to  speak  with  Capt.  Davis,  and  was 
very  desirous  of  peace,  promising  to  deliver  the  captives  then  at 
Penobscot  next  morning.  Capt.  Davis  with  John  Pain  went 
ashore  and  stayed,  while  three  sagamores  went  aboard  to  talk 
with  Major  Walderne,  who  soon  after  went  ashore  with  six  men 
unarmed,  and  was  promised  that  the  captives  should  be  delivered 
next  morning.  On  the  27th,  after  a  long  negotiation  and  a  ran¬ 
som  of  twelve  skins  to  each  captive,  they  delivered  William  Chad- 
burne,  John  Whinnick  (Winnock)  and  John  Wormwood,  these 
being  all  they  would  own  that  they  had,  or  that  it  could  be  proved 
that  they  had.  Some  of  the  old  sagamores  seemed  to  be  sincere, 
and  declared  that  they  were  against  the  war,  but  could  not  rule 
their  young  men.  Our  officers,  however,  had  little  confidence  in 
them,  and  in  council  decided  to  get  all  the  captives  and  then  to 
try  to  surprise  their  whole  company.  In  pursuance  of  this  design 
the  Major  with  five  others  went  ashore  bearing  a  part  of  the 
ransom  and  carefully  providing  against  surprise.  While  looking 
about  to  discover  if  the  Indians  were  as  wisely  provided  against 
Christian  treachery  as  they  against  heathen  treachery,  he  found 
a  lance-head  partly  concealed  under  a  board,  seizing  which  he 
immediately  advanced  upon  the  Indians,  charging  them  with 
treachery,  swung  his  cap  above  his  head  as  a  signal  to  his  men  to 
come  ashore,  as  was  agreed,  while  those  who  were  with  the  Major 
immediately  rallied  about  to  defend  him  from  the  Indians  who 
advanced  to  seize  him,  and  also  to  secure  the  goods  which  he  had 
brought  ashore.  Some  squaws  seized  a  bundle  of  muskets  that 
were  hidden  close  by,  and  fled  with  them.  Capt.  Frost  and  Lieut. 
Nutter  captured  Megunnaway,  “  a  notorious  rogue,”  and  carried 
him  on  board  their  vessel.  As  soon  as  the  English  got  on  shore 
they  pursued  the  Indians  to  their  canoes  so  closely  that  they  were 
able  to  kill  seven  before  they  reached  their  boats,  and  as  many 
more  probably  afterwards.  Four  were  taken  prisoners,  of  whom 
one  was  the  sister  of  Madockawando.  The  old  chief  Mattahando 
was  among  the  killed.  Not  more  than  twenty-five  warriors  were 
present  in  this  engagement.  The  English  secured  a  large  amount 
of  plunder,  about  a  thousand  pounds  of  dried  beef  with  the  rest. 
Megunnaway  was  next  day  executed  by  shooting,  it  being  de¬ 
clared  by  witnesses  that  he  was  concerned  in  the  killing  of  Thomas 
Bracket  at  Falmouth.  On  February  28th  they  sailed  back  to 
Kennebec,  where  Lieut.  Fiske  with  a  party  of  forty  men  secured 
some  forty  bushels  of  wheat,  several  cannon,  some  anchors,  and  a 
great  quantity  of  boards  from  Arrowsick,  a  part  of  which  they 
loaded  upon  their  vessels.  They  killed  two  Indians  upon  Arrow- 
sick  Island,  where  they  discovered  the  body  of  the  lamented 


AFTER  THE  WAR. 


315 


Capt.  Lake,  which  was  wonderfully  preserved.  This  was  brought 
home  to  Boston,  where  they  arrived  March  11th,  1676-7. 

This  expedition  was  the  closing  active  military  service  of  Major 
Walderne,  although  he  still  retained  his  office  as  Major,  and  was 
constantly  concerned  as  such,  and  held  his  place  as  magistrate 
and  leading  citizen  during  his  life.  In  the  spring  of  1678  this 
war  with  the  Indians  closed.  Major  Walderne,  however,  became 
involved  in  the  strife  of  the  factions  that  claimed  the  government 
of  New  Hampshire,  and  his  life  thus  continued  in  turbulence, 
even  to  its  tragic  close,  the  manner  of  which  requires  here  some 
notice,  even  though  many  years  had  passed  after  Philip’s  War. 

For  about  eleven  years  there  had  been  peace  with  the  Indians. 
The  Pennacooks  had  long  ago  returned,  and  Kankamagus  above 
mentioned  had  by  his  energy  and  wisdom  restored  them  to  some¬ 
thing  of  their  former  prosperity.  But  this  chief  was  somewhat 
impatient  under  the  constant  unjust  encroachments  and  wrongs 
of  the  English,  and  their  constant  threats  that  they  would  bring 
the  Mohawks  upon  them,  and  at  last,  involved  in  some  new 
occasion  of  complaint,  he  fled  to  his  relatives  among  the  Andros- 
coggins  some  time  in  the  year  1686,  where,  finding  some  others 
with  like  wrongs  and  resentments,  he  became  a  nucleus  of  dis¬ 
content.  There  were  many  also  scattered  among  the  Eastern 
tribes  who  had  been  captured  at  Dover  in  1676  and  sold  into 
slavery,  and  had  made  their  way  back  to  find  their  tribes  scat¬ 
tered,  their  families  broken  up  and  lost.  To  many  of  these 
nothing  was  left  but  hate  and  vengeance  upon  the  English,  and 
especially  against  the  one  man  whom  they  believed  responsible 
for  the  transaction;  the  man  was  Major  Walderne.  Other  causes 
were  doubtless  at  work  at  the  Eastward  by  the  designs  of  the 
French  and  the  Jesuit  missionaries  in  the  zeal  for  their  religion  ; 
but  the  resentment  seems  to  have  centred  upon  Cocheco  and  Major 
Walderne.  In  June,  1689,  the  people  began  to  be  aware  of  large 
numbers  of  strange  Indians  among  those  who  came  in  to  trade, 
and  many  did  not  seem  to  come  for  that  purpose,  but  were  ob¬ 
served  carefully  scrutinizing  the  defences  and  approaches.  The 
people  became  alarmed,  and  one  after  another  many  came  and 
urged  Major  Walderne  to  take  some  precautions  of  defence.  He, 
however,  would  not  hearken,  laughed  at  their  fears,  and  told  them 
to  “  go  and  plant  their  pumpkins,”  and  he  would  tell  them  when 
the  Indians  should  attack  them.  There  were  many  old  friends 
of  the  Major  and  of  the  English  of  Dover  among  the  neighboring 
Indians,  and  some  of  these  tried  to  warn  them  of  their  danger. 
A  squaw  came  through  the  town,  and  here  and  there  significantly 
recited  the  words  which  have  been  handed  down  in  the  rhyme, 

“  O  Major  Waldron,  you  great  sagamore, 

What  will  you  do,  Indians  at  your  door.” 

Capt.  Thomas  Henchman  of  Chelmsford  also  was  apprized  of 


316 


king  philip’s  war. 


the  plot  against  Dover,  and  sent  down  a  letter  of  warning  to 
the  Council  at  Boston,  as  follows : 

Hond  Sir 

This  day  2  Indians  came  from  Pennacook,  viz.  Job  Maramasquand 
and  Peter  Muckamug,  who  report  yl  damage  will  undoubtedly  be  done 
within  a  few  days  at  Piscataqua,  and  y‘  Major  Waldrons,  in  particular, 
is  threatened ;  and  Intimates  fears  yl  mischief  quickly  will  be  done  at 
Dunstable.  The  Indians  can  give  a  more  particular  account  to  your 
honor.  They  say  iff  damage  be  done,  the  blame  shall  not  be  on  them, 
having  given  a  faithful  account  of  what  they  hear ;  and  are  upon  that 
report  moved  to  leave  yr  habitation  and  corn  at  Pennacook.  Sr,  I  was 
verry  loth  to  trouble  you  and  to  expose  myself  to  the  Censure  and  de¬ 
rision  of  some  of  the  confident  people,  that  ware  pleased  to  make  sport 
of  what  I  sent  down  by  Capt.  Tom.  I  am  constrained  from  a  sense  of 
my  duty  and  from  love  of  my  countrymen  to  give  the  acct.  as  above. 
So  with  my  humble  service  to  your  Honor,  and  prayers  for  the  safety 
of  an  Indangered  people, 

I  am,  Sr,  your  humble  servant  Tho:  Hinchman. 

June  22  [1689] 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  107,  p.  139. 

This  letter  was  received  by  Mr.  Danforth,  and  on  the  27th  laid 
before  Gov.  Bradstreet  and  the  Council,  and  a  messenger  was 
sent  to  Dover  the  same  day  with  this  warning  to  Major  Wal- 
derne : 

Boston:  27. :  June:  1689 

Honord  Sir 

The  Governor  and  Councill  haveing  this  day  received  a  Letter 
from  Major  Henchman  of  Chelmsford,  that  some  Indians  are  come 
unto  them,  who  report  that  there  is  a  gathering  of  some  Indians  in  or 
about  Penecooke  with  designe  of  mischiefe  to  the  English,  amongst 
the  said  Indians  is  one  Hawkins  [Hogkins  or  Kankamagus]  is  said  to 
be  a  principle  designer,  and  that  they  have  a  particular  designe  against 
yourselfe  and  Mr.  Peter  Coffin  which  the  Councill  thought  it  necessary 
presently  to  dispatch  Advice  thereof  to  give  you  notice  that  you  take 
care  of  yor  own  Safeguard,  they  intending  endeavour  to  to  betray  you 
on  a  pretention  of  Trade.  Please  forthwith  to  Signify  import  hereof 
to  Mr.  Coffin  and  others  as  you  shall  think  necessary,  and  Advise  of 
what  Information  you  may  receive  at  any  time  of  the  Indians  motions. 

By  Order  in  Councill, 

Isa:  Addington,  Sec’y. 

For  Major  Richd  Walden  and  Mr.  Peter  Coffin 
or  either  of  them  at  Cocheca  with  all 
possible  [haste] 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  107,  p.  144. 

The  messengers  made  all  possible  speed  for  Dover,  but  were 
detained  at  the  Ferry  at  Newbury,  and  did  not  arrive  until  June 
28th,  the  day  after  the  blow  had  fallen.  On  the  evening  of  the 
27th  two  squaws  applied  at  each  of  the  garrison  houses  for  per¬ 
mission  to  sleep  inside,  as  was  often  done,  and  two  were  admitted 
into  each  of  the  garrisons,  Walderne’s,  Heard’s  and  Otis’s,  and 


DEATH  OF  MAJOR  WALDERNE. 


317 


were  shown  how  to  unfasten  the  gates  if  they  wished  to  go  away 
during  the  night.  There  was  a  report  of  a  great  number  of 
Indians  coming  to  trade  next  day,  and  the  sachem  Wesandowit, 
who  had  taken  supper  at  the  Major’s,  asked  him  pointedly, 
“  Brother  Waldron,  what  would  you  do  if  the  strange  Indians 
should  come  ?  ”  “I  could  assemble  a  hundred  men  by  lifting  up 
my  finger,”  replied  the  Major,  in  careless  indifference.  And  thus 
all  retired  to  rest ;  no  watch  was  placed  and  no  precautions  taken. 

After  midnight  the  gates  were  opened  by  the  squaws.  The 
Indians  waiting  outside  rushed  in  and  took  possession  without 
any  alarm  and  rushed  into  the  Major’s  rooms.  Aroused  from 
sleep,  the  old  man  sprang  up,  seized  his  sword,  and  despite  his 
eighty  years,  drove  them  before  him  through  several  rooms,  but 
turning  to  secure  other  arms,  they  sprang  upon  him  from  behind 
and  struck  him  down  with  a  hatchet ;  they  bound  him  into  his 
arm-chair  and  placed  him  upon  a  long  table ;  they  mocked  him, 
and  asked,  “  Who  shall  judge  Indians  now  ?  ”  They  compelled 
the  family  of  the  Major  to  prepare  them  supper,  after  which  they 
drew  their  knives,  and  slashed  the  helpless  old  man  across  the 
breast,  saying  “  I  cross  out  my  account.”  They  then  cut  off  his 
ears  and  nose  and  forced  them  into  his  mouth,  till  at  last,  when 
fainting  with  the  loss  of  blood  he  was  about  to  fall,  one  of  them 
held  his  sword  beneath  him,  upon  which  falling  he  expired. 

The  following  letter  was  written  by  his  son,  who  was  then  at 
Portsmouth,  as  is  seen  : 

Portsm0:  28th:  June  1689  ab‘  8  a  clock  morning 

Just  now  came  ashore  here  From  Cocheca  Jn°  Ham  &  his  wife  who 
went  hence  last  night  home  wod(they  living  wthin  a  mile  of  Majr  Waldron) 
&  abl  break  of  the  day  goeing  up  the  river  in  a  cannoo  they  heard  guns 
fired  but  notwthstanding  proceeded  to  Land  at  Majr  Waldrons  landing 
place  by  wch  time  it  began  to  be  light  &  then  they  Saw  ab‘  twenty 
Indns  near  Mr.  Coffins  G-arrison  Shooting  &  Shouting  as  many  more 
about  Richard  Otis’s  &  Tho:  Pains  but  Saw  their  way  clear  to  Majr 
Waldrons  where  they  Intended  Imediately  to  secure  themselves  but 
comeing  to  the  gate  &  calling  &  knocking  could  receive  noe  answer  yet 
saw  a  light  in  one  of  ye  Chambers  &  one  of  ym  say  (looking  through  a 
crack  of  the  gate)  that  he  saw  Sundry  Indns  wthin  ye  Garrison  wch  sup¬ 
pose  had  murther’d  Majr  Waldron  &  his  Familie  &  thereupon  they 
betook  ymselves  to  make  an  escape  wch  they  did  &  mett  wth  one  of  Otis 
sons  who  alsoe  escaped  from  his  Fathers  garrison  Informing  yl  his 
Father  and  ye  rest  of  the  Family  were  killed.  Quickly  after  [they] 
set  sundry  houses  afire  this  is  all  the  Acctt  wee  have  at  prsentwch  being 
given  in  a  Surprize  may  admitt  of  some  alteration  but  Doubtlesse  the 
most  of  those  Families  at  or  ab*  Cochecha  are  destroyed. 

The  above  Acctl  was  related  to  mee.  Richard  Waldron,  junr. 

Mass.  Archives,  Hutchinson  Papers,  vol.  3,  p.  376. 

Thus  tragically  closed  the  eventful  life  of  Major  Richard  Wal- 
derne,  in  the  opinion  of  many  the  most  notable  of  the  early 
settlers  of  New  Hampshire. 


xxn. 


CAPTAIN  WILLIAM  HATHORNE. 


XX7ILLIAM  HATHORNE,  the  father  of  Captain  William 

n  Hathorne,  was  the  son  of  William  and  Sara,  of  Binfield, 
Berkshire  Co.,  England,  born  about  1607,  and  came  to 
this  country  with  Winthrop,  in  the  Arbella,  in  1630,  and  settled 
first  at  Dorchester,  where  he  was  a  land  holder,  and  appears 
prominently  in  affairs  in  the  earliest  days  of  the  settlement,  and 
until  1636,  when  he  removed  to  Salem.  He  was  admitted  free¬ 
man  in  1634,  and  was  chosen  deputy  in  1635  and  1637,  and  from 
Salem  many  times  afterwards ;  and  when,  in  1644,  the  “  House 
of  Deputies  ”  elected  a  Speaker  for  the  first  time,  he  was  elected, 
and  served  in  that  position  for  several  years  afterwards.  He  was 
elected  Assistant  in  1662,  which  office  he  retained  until  1679,  and 
the  history  of  the  times  in  which  he  lived  shows  him  to  have  been 
one  of  the  most  able,  energetic,  and  widely  influential  men  in 
New  England,  in  his  day.  He  was  mentioned  as  present  at  the 
great  “  training  ”  at  Boston,  1639  ;  was  commissioned  Captain  of 
the  company  at  Salem,  May  1,  1646,  and  Major  before  1656. 
See  also  “  Wonder-working  Providence,”  p.  109.  While  he  was 
evidently  narrow  and  bigoted  in  his  religious  theories,  and  arbi¬ 
trary  and  intolerant  in  the  administration  of  affairs,  both  of 
church  and  state,  he  was  the  zealous  and  fearless  advocate  of  the 
personal  rights  of  freemen  as  against  royal  emissaries  and  agents. 

The  investigations  of  our  Mr.  Waters,  in  the  English  Archives, 
have  revealed  the  Hathorne  ancestry  in  England  as  given  above, 
and  from  additional  data  gathered  by  him  and  others,  we  have 
room  for  the  following  brief  statement,  tracing  the  descent  of  the 
distinguished  Nathaniel  Hawthorne  of  our  own  day  from  this 
eminent  ancestor. 

William  2  Hathorne  brought  with  him  to  this  country  his  wife 
Anne,  by  whom  he  had  children : 


i.  A  daughter.2 

ii.  Sarah,2  b.  March  11,  1634-5;  m.  Joseph  Coker,  of  Newbury. 

iii.  Eleazer,2  b.  Aug.  1,  1637  ;  m.  Abigail,  dau.  of  George  Curwen. 

iv.  Nathaniel,2  b.  Aug.  11,  1639. 

v.  John,2  b.  Aug.  5,  1641 ;  m.  Ruth  Gardner,  dau.  of  George. 


THE  HATHORNE  FAMILY. 


319 


vi.  Anna,2  b.  Dec.  12,  1643;  m.  Joseph  Porter. 

vii.  William,2  b.  April  1,  1645;  m.  Sarah - . 

viii.  Elizabeth,2  b.  1649  ;  m.  Israel  Porter. 

Major  William  Hathorne  died  in  1681,  in  his  74th  year.  Will 
probated  June  28,  1681 ;  mentions  son  William  lately  deceased, 
and  Sarah  the  widow  of  the  same,  and  her  heirs ;  appoints  wife 
Anne  sole  executrix. 

John2  Hathorne,  distinguished  both  in  civil  and  military  af¬ 
fairs,  serving  as  Captain  in  the  war  with  the  Eastern  Indians, 
the  Colonel  of  a  regiment,  and  in  the  expedition  of  1696  chief 
commander ;  admitted  freeman  1677 ;  Deputy,  1683 ;  Assistant, 
1684-1711  (except  in  Andros’s  brief  rule),  and  is  remembered 
unhappily  as  the  most  intolerant  and  cruel  of  the  judges  in  the 
witchcraft  delusion.  He  had,  by  his  wife  Ruth  (Gardner) : 

i.  John.3  ii.  Nathaniel.3  iii.  Ebenezer.3 

iv.  Joseph,3  bapt.  June,  1691 ;  m.  Sarah,  dau.  of  William  Bowditch. 

v.  Ruth.3  vi.  Benjamin.3 

Joseph3  and  Sarah  (Bowditch)  had  children:  —  1.  William.4 

2.  Joseph.4  3.  John.4  4.  Sarah.4  5.  Ebenezer.4  6.  Daniel.4 

7.  Ruth.4 

Daniel,4  m.  Rachel  Phelps,  and  had  children:  —  1.  Daniel,5 
died  soon.  2.  Sarah.5  3.  Eunice.5  4.  Daniel,5  2d.  5.  Judith.5 
6.  Nathaniel,5  b.  May  19,  1775;  he  was  a  sea  captain  and 
died  in  Surinam  in  1808 ;  married  Elizabeth  Clark  Man¬ 
ning  and  had  two  children:  —  1.  Elizabeth  Manning,6  b. 
Mar.  7,  1802.  2.  Nathaniel,6  b.  July  4,  1804  ;  m.  Sophia 

Peabody,  at  Salem,  July,  1842,  and  died  at  Plymouth,  N. 
H.,  May  19,  1864.  He  changed  the  old  surname  to  Haw¬ 
thorne,  and  by  his  genius  placed  it  in  the  frout  rank  of  the 
world’s  great  authors.  The  apology  for  this  digression  is 
the  eminence  of  this  Nathaniel  Hawthorne. 

Other  descendants  of  Major  William,1  through  other  lines  of 
descent  than  John  and  William,  Jr.,  are  scattered  over  the  whole 
country,  and  bear  both  forms  of  the  surname, 

Capt.  William2  Hathorne,  son  of  Major  William,  and  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  has,  in  all  published  accounts  known  to  me, 
been  very  strangely  overlooked  by  being  identified  as  one  with 
his  father.  My  attention  was  first  called  to  the  error  of  that  sup¬ 
position  by  the  mention  of  his  “  father  ”  in  his  letter  from  Casco, 
Sept.  22,  1676.  I  found  that  he  was  engaged  at  the  Eastward 
from  September  6th  up  to  November  10th,  and  that  his  father, 
Major  William,  Assistant,  was  present  in  his  place  in  the  General 
Court  at  Boston  most  of  that  time  ;  that  administration  upon  the 
estate  of  Capt.  William  was  granted  to  his  widow  Sarah,  February 
4,  1678-9,  Daniel  Gookin  and  William  Hathorne  (Major)  being 
the  Magistrates.  Major  William  died  1681,  and  in  his  will  men- 


320 


king  philip’s  war. 


tions  having  given  his  son  William  land  at  Groton  which  he 
confirms  to  his  widow  Sarah  and  her  heirs. 

In  the  expedition  of  December,  1675,  against  the  Narragansets, 
as  has  been  previously  noted,  Capt.  Hathorne  was  appointed  lieu¬ 
tenant  of  the  company  under  Capt.  Joseph  Gardiner,  and  when 
that  brave  officer  fell,  at  the  great  “  Fort  Fight,”  he  succeeded  to 
the  command  of  the  company,  which  he  held  during  the  remainder 
of  that  campaign,  and,  as  we  have  seen  in  that  chapter,  most  of 
that  company  were  paid  off  as  having  served  under  him. 

In  August,  1676,  Capt.  Hathorne  was  again  called  into  service 
(as  has  been  noted  in  several  previous  chapters),  to  take  com¬ 
mand  of  the  forces  sent  to  the  Eastward. 

After  the  surrender  of  the  great  body  of  Indians  at  Cochecho 
was  accomplished  in  September,  Capt.  Hathorne  immediately 
pushed  forward  with  his  forces  towards  the  East.  He  had  a 
force  of  four  companies  besides  his  own,  numbering,  probably,  in 
all,  nearly  four  hundred  men ;  his  own  and  Capt.  Sill’s  men 
numbered  one  hundred  and  thirty,  and,  together  with  Capt. 
Hunting’s  company  of  forty  Indians,  made  up  the  Massachusetts 
quota,  to  which  Major  Walderne  was  expected  to  add  about  as 
many  more  of  his  own  men  and  recruits  in  Yorkshire,  these  last 
two  companies  to  be  under  Capt.  Charles  Frost  of  Kittery,  and 
the  whole  force  under  Capt.  Hathorne  as  Major.  This  “  army  ” 
marched  from  Berwick  to  Wells  on  Sept.  8th,  where  they  prob¬ 
ably  were  delayed  for  a  day  or  two,  organizing  for  the  march  and 
deliberating  as  to  the  marching  to  Ossipee,  where  it  was  rumored 
that  a  large  force  of  Indians  with  their  women  and  children  were 
gathered  in  an  old  fort  which  some  traders  had  built  them  as 
against  the  Mohawks,  and  where  were  a  good  many  English 
captives  taken  just  before  from  the  plantations,  from  Kennebec  to 
Casco.  This  expedition  was  the  plan  of  General  Denison,  but 
discretionary  power  had  been  given  Capt.  Hathorne,  and  as 
rumors  of  large  bodies  of  Indians  still  threatened  the  people  that 
remained  shut  up  in  their  garrisons  in  some  of  the  seaside  towns, 
who  would  perhaps  fall  upon  these  nearer  places  if  they  should 
withdraw,  it  was  finally  decided  to  go  to  the  relief  of  the  threat¬ 
ened  towns.  They  accordingly  marched  from  Wells  to  Winter 
Harbor,  and  thence  by  water  passed  to  Blackpoint,  and  thence  to 
Casco,  where  they  arrived  on  the  19th,  and  on  the  22d  the  Cap¬ 
tain  sends  the  following  letter : 

Cascho  22d  Sept.  1676. 

Hond  Sir  Att  9  a  clock  at  night. 

I  have  not  had  anything  to  writte  nor  anythinge  woorth  Informa¬ 
tion,  wee  came  Into  these  parts  ye  19th  Instant  when  we  catched  an 
Indian ;  Sagamore  of  Peggwakick  (and  took  ye  gun  of  another)  who 
informed  us  that  Kennebec  Indians  were  to  come  Into  these  parts  that 
night  or  the  next  day  he  told  us  that  ye  Indians  In  these  parts  are  not 
above  30  or  40  fighting  men  &  that  these  keep  upp  at  Orsybee  or  Peg- 
gwackick,  which  is  :60:  myles  from  us,  he  saith  he  knows  of  no 


CAPT.  HATHORNE  AT  CASCO  BAY. 


321 


French  men  among  them  as  ye  Inhabitants  Informed  us,  wee  found 
him  in  many  lyes,  &  so  ordered  him  to  be  put  to  death,  &  ye  Cochecho 
Indians  to  be  his  executioners ;  which  was  redily  done  by  them,  this 
day,  going  over  a  River  wee  were  Ambuscaded,  but  soon  gott  over 
and  putt  them  to  flight,  killed  dead  In  ye  Place  but  one  Named  Jn° 
Sampson,  who  was  well  acquainted  with  Maj.  Waldens  Indians,  they 
say  he  was  a  Captaine,  but  such  are  all  ye  Ennemyes  they  kill  (he  was 
double  Armed  which  wee  took)  wee  find  itt  very  difficult  to  come  neire 
them  there  is  soe  many  Rivers  &  soe  much  broken  land,  that  they  soon 
Escape  by  canoes ;  ye  country  being  full  of  them,  I  would  Intreat  your 
Hon”  to  Order  something  Concerning  ye  State  of  affaires  here,  Many 
Inhabitants  of  ye  place  being  come  to  take  off,  these  Come  and  kill 
there  Cattle  only  they  want  some  helpe  from  us,  I  know  not  whether  it 
may  be  for  ye  Interest  of  ye  Country  for  all  to  stay ;  &  If  wee  goe  into 
ye  Country  to  Peggwackiek  we  can  leave  none,  I  desire  your  Hon” 
Advise  and  commands  concerning  this  Also,  Wee  have  had  noe  bread 
these  three  dayes  I  suppose  ye  reason  is  ye  contrary  Winds,  because  I 
have  sent  to  Mr.  Martin  twice ;  have  had  one  returne  but  noe  bread, 
wee  can  do  well  without  unless  we  goe  up  into  ye  country  while  our 
people  are  in  health  as  they  are  generally  praysed  be  ye  Lord  for  itt,  I 
Humbly  Request  your  Honour  to  Remmember  my  duty  to  my  father 
&  Love  to  Rest  of  Friends,  If  you  have  an  opportunity  &  soe  I  Rest 

your  Hon”  Humble  Servant 

William  Hathorne. 

The  Indian  that  was  taken  told  us  that  there  be  20  English  Captives 
at  Peggwackiek  2  of  them  men,  &  that  Capt.  Lake  was  killed,  they 
say  that  Kennebeck  Indians  kill  all. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  61. 

I  have  found  no  reference  to  the  place  which  Capt.  Hathorne’s 
troops  occupied  during  their  stay  at  Falmouth,  but  as  it  appears 
that  the  Neck  had  been  .deserted,  and  the  outlying  residents 
driven  away  and  their  homes  destroyed,  it  seems  probable  that 
those  who  had  fled  to  Blackpoint  and  vicinity  for  safety,  mostly 
returned  with  the  troops  to  Munjoy’s  Garrison,  and  among  these 
were  probably  George  Felt  and  those  others  who,  on  Sept.  23d, 
ventured  in  boats  upon  “  Munjoy’s  Island  ”  (to  secure  some  sheep 
left  there  in  their  flight),  and  were  all  cut  off  by  the  Indians  who 
were  concealed  there,  lying  in  wait.  Felt  and  his  companions 
made  a  desperate  resistance,  having  fled  to  the  ruins  of  an  old 
“  Stone  House,”  but  were  overpowered  and  destroyed.  This  was 
in  plain  sight  of  our  forces,  who  lacking  boats  sufficient,  were 
entirely  unable  to  prevent  the  sad  issue  of  this  attempt,  against 
which  Capt.  Hathorne  had  earnestly  protested,  there  being  no 
sufficient  vessel  to  carry  over  an  adequate  guard,  and  a  large  body 
of  the  enemy  known  to  be  in  the  vicinity.  Our  Indian  scouts 
were  out  after  the  enemy  constantly,  and  captured  those  referred 
to  in  the  letter,  and  evidently  did  nearly  all  the  really  effective 
work,  for  which,  however,  but  little  credit  was  given  them  by 
the  English,  except  suspicion  of  carelessness  or  treachery  and 


322 


king  philip’s  war. 


cowardice  ;  and  yet  Capt.  Hathorne’s  next  letter  protests  against 
the  withdrawal  of  these  same  Indians.  It  was  very  hard  for  the 
English  to  learn  that  their  unwieldy  troops  and  clumsy  methods 
were  no  match  for  the  quick-moving  and  wary  enemy,  who  fled 
before  the  advance  of  the  troops,  and  then  dodging  around  them, 
struck  a  blow  in  the  rear.  Two  days  after  the  tragedy  at  Mun- 
joy’s  Island,  another  party  struck  a  sudden  blow  at  Wells,  and 
anon  at  Cape  Neddick,  which  occasioned  the  immediate  return 
of  the  forces  to  that  place,  as  will  appear  by  the  following  letter : 

Wells  :  2  :  8  :  1676 

Honrd  Senat"  Att  9  clock  morning 

I  received  your  Ordr  of  ye  16th  of  Septr  on  ye  25th  of  ye  same.  In 
Answare  to  wch,  I  have  sent  Capt.  Hunting  from  here  to  Majr  Walden ; 
ye  occation  of  our  Returne  was  y®  sad  news  of  ye  Enimy,  burning  Cape 
nettick  &  destroying  ye  people  to  ye  number  of  6  or  7  persons  besids 
those  of  this  towne  which  are :  3  :  two  of  them  ye  24th  ye  other  :27th : 
of  the  month ;  In  our  Returne  wee  mett  with  divers  things  of  concern¬ 
ment  wch  I  Ingadged  to  Aquaint  your  Honr8  with;  ImpmU,  att  black- 
point,  the  people  there  are  in  great  distraction  and  disorder ;  I  know 
not  of  former  Neglects  now  they  are  a  people  ungoverned,  & 
Attend  little  to  ye  Government  there  established  soe  that  ye  most  of  ye 
towne  desert  ye  place,  though  we  told  them  of  a  law  they  were  Ignorant 
of  wch  we  think  we  doe  perfectly  remember  of  20lb  penalty  for  any  that 
desert  ye  frontiers,  wch  we  thinke  is  most  Rationall,  ye  Inhabittants 
there  having  little  to  doe ;  we  are  ready  to  thinke  they  might  better  be 
Imployed  there  than  many  of  ours,  who  have  famillys  att  home  and  a 
considerable  charge,  to  be  brief e  Capt.  Joslin  &  Capt.  Scottow  desire 
an  Expresse  from  your  Honrs  they  having  had  noe  knowledge  of  ye  law. 

2dly  Major  Pembleton  att  Winter  Harbour  wth  Whome  I  would  have 
left  some  men;  as  Also  wth  Mr.  Warrin  they  made  these  objections; 
The  Majrs  were  these  :  That  he  could  not  subsist  long,  &  he  had  as 
good  remove  while  he  had  something  as  to  stay  while  all  was  spent, 
Therefore  unlesse  Country  sends  a  supply  or  Maintaine  ye  Garrison 
there;  he  cannot  hold  out,  Mr.  Warrin  is  otherwise  minded  but  I  can¬ 
not  Enlarge,  supposing  Majr  Clarke  can  Inform  your  Honrs,  Since  our 
Comming  Heither  we  have  consulted  ye  Millitia.  who  Informe  us  that 
the  mind  of  this  towne  In  Gen11  is  to  leave  the  place,  &  though  ye  Honrd 
Court  or  Councell  have  formerly  given  an  Ordr  concerning  them ;  In 
paticulr  yett  yy  now  begg  that  itt  might  be  renewed  &  that  your  Honrs 
would  Ordr  as  to  these  Numbrs  of  Garrison  Souldiers,  Soe  to  maintain- 
ance,  they  being  poore  yet  many  of  them  willing  According  to  Abillity, 
The  next  thing  I  shall  trouble  your  Hon18  wth  is  ye  disatisfaction  that  is 
among81  our  selves,  about  ye  drawing  ye  Indians  off,  &  Majr  Waldens 
libberty  to  Command  off  Capt.  Frost,  wch  he  pretends  to  have,  the  wch 
are  two  thirds  and  more  of  ye  Army,  Capt.  Sells  Company  &  myne 
being  not  above  .9.  or  .10.  fyles  now  who  are  judged  here  not  more 
then  is  necessary  to  Garrison  this  towue  &  York,  we  would  be  bold  to 
speak  our  minds  further,  &  Crave  that  your  Honrs  may  not  be  offended 
at  us,  or  Receive  from  others  false  Information,  The  Indians  thus 
drawne  off  by  themselves  as  long  as  they  have  only  Indn  Speritts,  will 


CLOSING  SERVICE  OF  CAPT.  HATHORNE. 


323 


doe  little  or  noe  service  for  ye  Country  who  In  tyme  of  Ingadgment 
ever  took  ye  English  for  there  bullwark,  &  will  not  Charge  to  Any  pur¬ 
pose  until  ye  Enimy  ffly,  I  think  some  of  us  have  had  tyme  to  be 
Aquainted  wth  there  manners  As  to  my  selfe  I  would  Humbly  Request 
your  Honrs  to  call  me  home ;  though  I  have  An  Earnest  desire  to  doe 
god  &  ye  Country  service,  yett  there  is  a  Straing  Antypathy  in  me 
Against  lying  in  Garrison,  Here  is  many  of  our  Company  sick  of 
violent  distemp”  one  of  myne  is  dead  &  two  others  I  much  feare,  The 
Lord  derect  your  Honrs  &  give  us  your  servants  prudence  to  Act  by 
your  Ordrs  According  to  his  good  will  and  pleasure. 

I  remaine 

Your  Honrs  Humble  Servant 

William  Hathorne. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  65. 

After  the  return  to  Wells  there  was  delay  and  uncertainty 
about  preparations  for  the  march  to  Ossipee,  until  the  news  of  the 
capture  of  Black  point  and  the  threatened  approach  of  the  vic¬ 
torious  Indians  put  the  troops  upon  the  guard  of  the  towns  near 
at  hand.  Capt.  Hathorne  and  his  forces  remained  in  these  parts 
in  service  until  November  1st,  when  in  company  with  Capt.  Sill 
he  set  forth  upon  the  long  delayed  march  to  Ossipee,  where  they 
arrived  after  a  very  hard  march  of  four  days,  finding  never  an 
Indian  on  the  way  or  at  the  Great  Fort.  The  Captain  sent  a 
party  of  his  men  up  some  twenty  miles  farther,  but  without 
result,  and  having  burnt  the  fort,  the  companies  returned  to  Ber¬ 
wick,  where  they  arrived  on  November  9th.  In  the  meantime, 
the  treaty  with  Sachem  Mugghad  been  concluded,  and  the  troops 
under  Capt.  Hathorne  were  soon  dismissed. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  latest  credits  contained  in  Hull’s 
accounts  are  September  23,  1676,  so  that  the  men  serving  under 
the  Captain  in  this  expedition  had  credit  in  a  later  Journal,  which 
is  now  lost.  For  earlier  credits  see  ante,  p.  166. 

The  following  petition  explains  itself : 

To  the  Hond  Generali  Court  now  Assembled  in  Boston  ;  1679  ; 

The  humble  peticon  of  Sarah  Hathorne  widdow  to  Capt.  William 
Hathorne  deceased 
Humbly  Showeth 

That  your  peticoners  late  husband,  being  employed  in  the 
Countreyes  service  against  the  Indians,  was  not  satisfyed  the  arrears 
due  to  him  for  his  said  service  ;  the  bill  not  being  delivered  to  the 
Treasurer  in  time,  through  the  negligence  of  the  constable ;  which 
caused  the  Treasurer  to  refuse  payment ;  and  your  peticoners  husband, 
being  deceased,  hath  left  your  peticoner  in  a  meane  condition,  as  to 
her  outward  estate,  being  indebted  to  severall  persons  and  not  in  a 
capacitye  to  make  payment,  without  receiving  her  late  husbands  arrears 
from  the  country. 

The  prmisses  considered  your  peticoner  humbly  craves,  this  hond 


324 


king  Philip’s  war. 


Court  would  be  pleased  to  order  speedy  payment  of  the  arrears  due  to 
her  late  husband,  in  such  proportion  as  yor  honors  in  wisdom  shall  judge 
convenient. 

And  yor  peticoner  (as  in  duty  bound)  shall  pray 
for  your  Hono"  prosperity. 

Sarah  Hathorne. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  237. 

This  was  granted.  See  also  Coll.  Records,  Vol.  V.,  p.  282. 


XXIII. 


CAPT.  JOSHUA  SCOTTOW  AND  HIS  MEN. 


JOSHUA  SCOTTOW  came  to  Boston  with  his  mother  Thoma- 
sine,  who  joined  the  church  September  21,  1634.  He  with 
his  brother  Thomas  joined  the  church  May  19,  1639.  He 

married  Lydia - ,  and  had  Joshua,  b.  Sept.  30,  1641,  and 

died  soon  ;  Joshua,  b.  Aug.  12,  1643  ;  Lydia,  bapt.  June  29,  1645 ; 
Elizabeth,  b.  July  29,  1647 ;  Rebecca,  b.  October  10,  1652 ;  Mary, 
b.  May  11,  1656  ;  Thomas,  June  30,  1659,  grad.  H.  C.  1677. 
Capt.  Scottow  was  of  the  Artillery  Company  in  1645,  Ensign  in 
1656,  and  Captain  afterwards.  Elizabeth  Scottow  m.  Thomas,  son 
of  Major  Thomas  Savage,  and  had  a  large  family.  Rebecca  m. 
Benjamin  Blackman,  April  1, 1675,  and  Mary  m.  Samuel  Checkley. 

Capt.  Scottow  was  a  very  energetic  man,  an  enterprising  and 
eminently  prosperous  merchant.  He  was  largely  engaged  in 
foreign  commercial  transactions,  and  from  1654-7  was  the  con¬ 
fidential  agent  of  La  Tour  in  his  business  with  our  colony. 

In  1660  Mr.  Scottow  bought  of  Abraham  Jocelyn,  of  Black- 
point,  two  hundred  acres  of  land,  including  the  hill  since  known 
as  “  Scottoway’s  Hill ;  ”  and  in  1666  he  purchased  of  Henry 
Jocelyn  the  “  Cammock  Patent,”  which  at  the  granting  to 
Thomas  Cammock  in  1631  consisted  of  fifteen  hundred  acres  of 
land  lying  between  the  Blackpoint  and  Spurwink  rivers.  Cam¬ 
mock  left  his  entire  estate  to  his  friend  Henry  Jocelyn,  with  the 
care  of  his  widow  during  her  life.  Jocelyn  married  the  widow 
Margaret,  and  some  twenty  years  afterwards  conveyed  the 
property  as  above,  together  with  seven  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
outside  the  Patent,  remaining  upon  it,  however,  as  agent  for  Mr. 
Scottow.  Capt.  Scottow  removed  to  Blackpoint  settlement  about 
1670,  and  engaged  with  great  energy  in  improving  his  property 
there,  and  in  his  fishing  and  commercial  transactions. 

The  first  mention  I  have  found  connecting  Capt.  Scottow  with 
the  Indian  war  is  in  the  Colonial  Records,  vol.  V.,  p.  57,  at  the 
session  of  the  Court  convened  October  13,  1675,  as  follows : 

Upon  the  sad  intelligence  from  Saco  &  the  great  danger  of  all  those 
parts,  it  is  ordered,  that  there  be  50  soldiers  immediately  from  Boston 
and  Charls  Toune  sent  away  in  some  vessel  or  vessells  for  the  releife 


326 


king  philip’s  war. 


of  those  parts,  and  that  they  be  under  the  command  of  Leiftenn4  Scot- 
toway,  and  that  Major  Clarke  take  care  that  this  order  be  effected  as 
to  the  dispatch  of  the  men,  &  furnishing  ammunition  and  prouission 
for  the  voyage. 

The  “  sad  intelligence  ”  was  connected  with  the  attack  upon 
Saco,  the  details  of  which  are  in  Major  Walderne’s  letter  of  Sep¬ 
tember  25,  1675,  given  heretofore;  Robert  Nichols  and  his  wife 
were  killed  just  before  this  by  the  Indians  who  had  made  an 
unsuccessful  assault  upon  Major  Phillips’s  garrison  at  Saco. 

But  previous  to  these  occurrences,  Capt.  Scottow  had  fortified 
and  provisioned  his  house  and  gathered  into  it  as  many  of  the 
people  as  would  come.  His  garrison  was  the  Jocelyn  House  on 
the  “  Neck,”  distant  from  the  farms  of  many  of  the  inhabitants, 
who  reluctantly  abandoned  their  homes,  cattle  and  crops  to  the 
ruin  which  was  daily  threatened.  It  seems  evident  that  Capt. 
Scottow,  with  the  small  number  of  undisciplined  men  under  his 
command,  mostly  inhabitants,  and  those  employed  by  him,  was 
in  no  capacity  to  send  out  a  relief  party  to  other  parts  of  the 
town ;  and  when  the  Indians  attacked  some  of  these  still  remain¬ 
ing  on  their  farms,  it  was  plainly  imprudent  to  risk  any  small 
party  such  only  as  he  could  have  sent,  to  the  almost  certain 
ambushment  and  destruction,  to  which  the  burning,  and  firing  of 
guns  seemed  to  invite  them.  His  enemies  sometime  afterwards 
sought  to  injure  him  by  bringing  charges  of  neglect  to  help  his 
neighbors,  among  other  charges  preferred  against  him.  The 
Alger  brothers,  Andrew  and  Arthur,  had  a  large  estate  at  that 
part  of  Scarborough  known  as  Dunstan,  and  so  named  by  them 
for  their  old  English  home,  and  they  had  there  a  fortified  house, 
but  upon  the  opening  of  hostilities  evidently  withdrew  their 
families  into  Sheldon’s  garrison  at  Blackpoint.  When  Major 
Walderne  had  returned  home  he  left  sixty  of  his  soldiers  to  gar¬ 
rison  the  different  settlements,  Saco,  Falmouth  and  Scarborough, 
and  these  were  distributed  according  to  the  need,  at  Scottow’s, 
Sheldon’s  and  Foxwell’s  garrison-houses.  Capt.  John  Wincoll 
was  posted  at  Foxwell’s  with  a  company  of  soldiers,  and  in  Octo¬ 
ber  was  assisting  the  settlers  to  harvest  their  corn.  One  of  Capt. 
Wincoll’s  soldiers,  Peter  Witham,  was  detailed  to  help  the  Algers 
get  their  grain,  and  said  that  a  few  days  after,  as  they  with  some 
of  their  relations  were  getting  their  goods  from  their  houses,  they 
were  attacked  by  the  Indians,  when  Andrew  was  killed  and 
Arthur  mortally  wounded ;  and  the  said  Witham,  fifty-three  years 
afterwards,  being  then  seventy-two  years  old,  testified  that  he 
helped  to  bury  both  the  Algers.  Mr.  Hubbard  gives  the  date 
of  the  attack  upon  the  Algers  October  9th,  1675. 

The  events  of  the  war  in  Scarborough  immediately  following 
the  above,  are  shown  in  the  following  letter  from  Capt.  Scottow : 


CAPT.  SC0TT0W  AT  BLACKPOINT. 


327 


Honoured  Sr. 

After  all  due  submission  to  yr  self  wth  the  Honoured  Councill,  these 
are  to  declare  ye  state  of  ye  affaires  at  prsent,  since  yl  sent  by  Jo:  Short 
or  men  being  sent  up  ye  rivr  to  secure  those  barnes  of  corne  left  wch 
accordingly  they  applyed  ym  selves  to  doe  and  to  repaire  or  water-mill 
(being  or  onely  relief  for  grinding)  they  met  wth  no  opposition  nor 
could  have  sight  for  3  daies  of  above  one  Indian  upon  the  3d  of  this 
curr*  they  having  finished  one  mans  corne  &  upon  landing  of  it  in 
canoes  19  of  or  prtie  being  there  were  assaulted  and  surrounded  by  at 
least  60  or  80  Indians  &  had  bin  all  cut  of  had  not  Srt  Tippet  come  in 
with  his  prtie  to  their  timous  relief  who  was  on  ye  other  side  river  to 
help  wheat  &c.  out  of  another  barne  whereupon  the  enimy  retreated 
into  the  bushes  it  being  a  foggy  day  could  not  soe  well  discerne  w‘  ex¬ 
ecution  they  did  upon  ym  disinabling  one  Indian  soe  as  to  leave  his 
speare  behind  him,  much  firing  on  both  sides,  one  of  us  wounded  one 
drowned  by  hasting  into  a  cano,  next  day  a  country  souldier  of  his  own 
accord  went  downe  ye  marsh  &  hollowed  &  an  Indian  came  up  to  him 
being  of  Piscataquay  &  his  acquaintance  they  prlied  and  smok1  a  pipe 
of  tobacco  together  ye  Indian  having  laid  down  his  gun  &  he  seemingly 
did  ye  same,  a  small  rivr  prting  ym. 

(ye  larger  narrative  C.  Winkall  &  myself  have  sent  to  Majr  Walden 
to  be  conveyed  unto  ye  Majr  Glen11  I  refer  yr  Honours  unto)  ye  sub¬ 
stance  of  ye  discourse  was  they  willingly  would  have  peace,  &  kept  2 
women  two  casco  children,  foure  men  prisoners  to  ddlr  up  if  it  might  be 
&c.  if  not  let  time  and  place  be  appointed  &  they  would  fight  ye  english 
&  as  it  was  misreported  to  C.  Winkoll  &  myself  they  would  stay  48 
hours  for  an  answer  but  it  seeme  it  was  ye  next  day  the  Indian  put  his 
signall  next  day  but  none  having  an  order  to  treat  him,  or  men  there¬ 
fore  secure  the  wheat  threshed  out  &  a  shallop  being  there  to  fetch  it 
of  they  sent  none  to  discourse  him,  upon  wch  they  ye  enemy  as  they  had 
done  ye  day  before  &  y*  during  the  parlee  fired  stacks  of  hay  and  some 
houses ;  or  men  y*  afternoon  being  pinched  for  want  of  bread  and  of 
victualls,  could  not  be  prevailed  with  by  their  officers  to  continue  in  ye 
farme  house  which  they  had  fortified  until  further  order  wch  was  designed 
a  retreating  place  upon  fighting  ym  though  a  small  revr  pted  yra  &  ye 
Indians  rendezvouze,  in  order  to  fighting  ym  I  had  visited  ye  next  gar¬ 
rison  and  drawn  of  w‘  I  durst  to  assist  or  soldiers  up  ye  rivr,  but 
towards  ye  evening  understanding  or  mens  resolves,  sent  ym  up  bread 
&c.  with  an  express  charge  not  to  desert  ye  place  wthout  further  order, 
but  it  could  not  come  to  ym  soe  as  to  hinder  their  moving  downe  wch  was 
upon  the  5th  day  curr‘  in  the  night  next  morning  we  designed  ye  sending 
ym  all  up  as  soone  as  ye  tide  would  p’mit,  &  had  ordered  all  to  y1  end 
but  upon  ye  sight  of  theire  enemies  burning  of  yl  house  wch  they  had 
fortified  &  of  my  barne  of  corne  which  was  left  unburnt  there  wth  ad¬ 
vice  of  Capne  Winkoll  &  the  rest  of  ye  officers,  we  altered  or  designe  & 
this  day  purpose  wth  all  or  strength  to  fetch  in  the  inhabitants  corne  left 
in  their  deserted  houses,  the  enemy  firing  all  before  ym  in  wch  doing  an 
opportunity  of  fighting  ym  may  also  psent  wch  or  souldiers  long  for  but 
we  want  fixed  armes  divers  of  these  sent,  not  servicable  &  two  or  three 
disenabled  in  or  last  ingagement,  please  to  dispatch  or  supply  of  flints 
&c.  sent  for  in  my  last  to  Majr  Clark  we  are  in  distress  for  want  of 
ym,  especially  bread  not  having  but  two  dayes  bread  left  at  a  cake  a 


328 


king  philtp’s  war. 


day  w*h  y*  allowance  I  reduced  or  souldiers  unto  at  first  coming,  wch 
bread  is  borrowed  from  fishermen  and  myself  we  have  no  grinding 
nearer  than  Piscataquay,  not  else  but  begging  prayers  and  y‘  -f  deluge 
of  sin  w011  I  grieve  is  among  or  souldiers  as  well  as  inhabitants  may  be 
stopped  by  reason  whereof  this  overflowing  scourge  pursueth  us  (this 
place  being  now  y*  seat  &  center  of  y*  Eastward  war)  Casco  &  Kenebec 
being  all  quiet  &  peace  as  by  yesterdies  intelligence  I  understand, 

I  humbly  subscribe  myself 

ffrom  y*  Head  quarters  at  Blackpoint  yrs  &  y*  Countries 

at  3  :  o  :clock  in  y*  morning  this  6th  most  humble  serv* 

9br  1675  Josh:  Scottow. 

(Postscript.) 

May  it  please  you  to  take  notice  that  instead  of  the  50  designed  here 
are  but  38  sent  divr9e  of  ym  insufficient  for  service  &  some  soe  mutinous 
that  we  cant  with  safety  inflict  y®  punishment  they  deserve,  for  the 
pursueing  of  my  comition  here  is  need  of  100  men  completely  armed 
and  bread  sent,  for  flesh  I  hope  we  have  enough. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  pp.  44—5. 

The  following  letter  is  evidently  in  answer  to  the  above  from 
Capt.  Scottow : 

council’s  letter  to  capt.  scottow. 

Capt.  Scottow.  "We  received  yor  lett* r  &  saw  another  sent  by  you  to 
Majr  "VYaldeme ;  we  gceive  y*  Indians  do  sometimes  allarum  you  and 
obstruct  y*  getting  in  of  provisions  &  come  if  such  another  overture  as 
that  Indian  made  yl  met  y*  soldier  in  y6  marsh  for  a  treaty  of  peace  to 
deliver  ye  english  prisoners  should  be  made  againe  wee  advise  order  & 
som  of  you  there  to  treat  w01  ym  &  see  what  termes  you  can  come  to  & 
Apoint  a  cessation  of  armes  untill  their  offers  may  be  considered  by  ns 
&  endeavour  to  procure  ye  delivery  of  prisoners  &  wee  will  deliver  as 
many  of  theirs  yl  are  at  Boston,  peace  is  better  if  it  can  be  obtained 
upon  good  termes  &  som  pledges  or  hostages  given  ;  for  security ;  as 
for  a  supply  of  more  men  we  cannot  comply  w^  you  therein ;  wee  have 
so  many  places  to  strengthen  y‘  wee  cannot  doe  alle ;  wee  are  sure  you 
have  as  great  a  proportion  as  most  places  of  y*  like  concernement,  we 
here  you  want  neither  come,  flesh  nor  fish  &  so  long  you  be  in  straits  & 
though  yor  mills  ly  at  a  distance  yet  a  samp  morter  or  two  will  make  a 
supply  to  gvent  any  great  sufferings  as  for  sending  of  Bisket  we  dare 
not  give  yl  p’sedent,  for  all  other  places  garrisoned  by  the  country 
soldiers  are  p’vided  for  with  victualls  by  y6  people  they  secure ;  it  is 
enough  for  y*  Country  to  pay  wages  &  find  ammunition ;  our  armies  y* 
are  in  motion  require  more  yn  the  Country  is  well  able  to  beare  especilly 
yor  easteme  parts  are  concerned  to  ease  the  publicke  purse  what  they 
may  because  they  know  of  nothing  y*  was  ever  put  into  it  from  thense. 
Therefore  wee  desire  you  to  make  the  best  Improvement  you  can  w^ 
the  strength  you  have  for  your  owne  deffense  &  offense  of  the  enimy 
until  God  send  beter  times ;  wee  have  inclosed  the  printed  laws  to 
restrayne  mutinous  soldiers  let  ym  be  read  to  ye  soldiers.  And  notice 
taken  of  ym  yl  transgresse ;  &  if  you  find  yourself  too  weeke  to  deale 
w111  them  let  y*  ringleaders  bee  sent  to  prison  w01  evidense  of  y*  fact ; 


CAPT.  SCOTTOWls  JOURNAL. 


329 


wee  have  not  more  at  psent  bat  desire  the  Lords  psence  blessing  & 
protection  to  be  w*  &  over  you 

alle  remaine  your  loving  friends 

postscript  if  you  find  our  soldiers  any  Burden  or  inconvenience  to 
you  you  are  Authorized  hereby  to  dismise  ym  or  any  of  ym  either  thither 
or  to  Majr  Wald  erne  Past  this  letter  by  the  council!  the  15th 

of 

Endorsed — “  Councills  letter  to  Capt.  Scottow  16  :  9  mo.  1675.” 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  68,  p.  59. 

Details  of  the  service  from  October  25,  1675,  to  May  1676,  are 
given  in  the  following  Journal  which  is  preserved  in  manuscript 
in  the  Library  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society.  The 
manuscript  is  evidently  a  copy,  made  probably  in  1676,  when  his 
use  of  the  troops  was  called  in  question.  This  shows  that  much 
of  the  damage  done  in  Scarborough  was  effected  either  before  he 
had  men  or  means  to  prevent  it,  and  afterwards  in  spite  of  his 
best  endeavors.  These  extracts  contain  the  substance  of  the 
journal. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  A  MANUSCRIPT  JOURNAL  OF  CAPT.  SCOTTOW. 

V 

Narrative  of  a  .Joumall  of  the  diverse  marches  &  improvement  of 
Boston  souldiers  sent  to  Black  Point. 

1676. 1  (8)  25.  Sievr.  Serg*  landed  15  men.  I  disposed  6  of  ym  to 
ffoxwell’s  garrison  at  Bluepoint,  6  to  Shelden’s  garrison,  and  retayned 
3  of  ym,  received  a  l*7®  from  Major  Pendleton  and  answered  it. 

26  and  27,  no  disturbance.  I  went  and  viewed  the  fortifications  at 
the  several  garrisons,  and  discharged  Mr.  ffoxwell  from  his  charge  at 
Bluepoint,  being  a  quarreling,  discontented  p8011. 

29,  Tho:  Michell  arrived  with  23  soldiers  who  landed  two  houres 
before  day. 

30,  sent  y®  6  scouts  up  y®  river  to  discover  y®  enemy  and  view  a 
house  w®h  y®  enemy  ordinarily  possessed,  returned  seeing  3  Indians. 

31,  that  night  two  hours  before  day  sent  up  60  men  under  the  con¬ 
duct  of  Capt.  Winkall  who  landed  before  day  to  save  w*  come  they 
could  of  our  Inhabit*3  &  fight  y®  enemy  if  found,  they  having  appeared 
not  long  before  at  ffoxwell’s  Garrison  and  shot  a  scout  as  appe"1  pr  C. 
Winkolls  ltrs  No.  2.  Answered  Maj.  Pendleton’s  l*1®  No.  3. 

(9)  1  /dispatched  a  shallop  to  Boston  w*h  1*®”  to  Hon:  Gour  and  coun¬ 
cil  for  flints,  bread  &c. 

2,  ....  In  the  afternoon  about  29  inhabitants  were  set  upon  by 
70  or  80  Indians  and  had  almost  surrounded  ym  had  they  not  been 
timously  relieved  by  Serg*  Tipping  who  came  to  their  relief,  beat  ym 
into  y®  swamptes  and  gagned  an  Indian  Speare. 

3,  Serg*  Tipping  sent  down  for  recruit  of  powder  &c.  w®h  I  sent  up  by 

y®  two  carpenters  and  others  who  were  come  down . I  sent  up 

28  lbs  of  powder  in  a  box  and  90  lbs  shot  &c.  that  day  there  fell  out 
a  parlee  betweene  a  country  soldier  &  an  Indian . 

1  This  date  la  plainly  a  m intake  made  at  the  time  of  copying,  in  the  summer  of  1670.  The  Jour¬ 
nal  itself  was  kept  in  1675. 


330 


king  philip’s  war. 


CapM  Winkoll  came  down  y‘  night,  we  gave  advice  of  the  whole  to 
Maj.  Walden  and  yl  we  intended  to  fight  ye  Indians. 

4,  . they  fell  firing  barnes  of  neer  houses,  haystacks  and  all 

before  ym.  Ye  souldiers  having  got  about  100  bush:  wheat  and  other 
graine,  and  a  shallop  sent  to  bring  it  downe  they  could  not  be  prevailed 
upon  wth  all  by  their  Serg1  (as  I  was  informed)  to  continue  any  longer 
being  pinched  for  want  of  bread  by  an  unworthy  planter,  though  they 
wanted  no  flesh. 

5,  As  soon  as  I  heard  of  their  intention  I  sent  up  \  of  all  the  biskit 

I  had  with  tobacco  and  rum  for  their  incouragem1,  and  an  expresse 
charge  to  fight  ye  enemy  as  appenh  by  the  witnes  of  John  Libby,  Bouden 
and  Howell  No.  1  and  the  order  delivered  ffoxwell  to  carry  up ;  but  no 
Cano  could  be  got  though  I  used  my  utmost  indeavr,  they  came  down 
about  10  o’clock  in  the  night . 

6,  or  men  went  up  headed  by  Capne  Winkoll  to  secure  what  corne  of 

or  inhabitants  was  left  in  the  N.  East  side  in  the  deserted  houses,  and 
of  barnes,  hoping  to  meet  ye  enemy  in  ye  march,  wch  accordingly  fell 
out,  dividing  themselves  into  2  parties  one  of  them  was  first  ingaged 
by  a  party  of  Indians,  not  above  12  shewing  themselves,  and  the  other 
by  about  16,  they  were  engaged  also  and  had  2  skulking  skirmishes, 
beat  ym  into  ye  swampes.  One  of  the  Boston  souldiers  was  mortally 
wounded  in  ye  breast.  Or  men  retreated  carrying  off  their  wounded 
man . 

November  7,  Being  Lord’s  day,  the  enemy,  early  in  the  morning  burnt 
those  houses  and  barnes  our  Capne  saved  the  day  before  —  they  burnt 
also  8  or  9  deserted  houses  belonging  to  Jo  :  Libby  and  children.  As 
soon  as  these  fires  were  discovered  all  the  souldiers  and  Inhabitants 
hasted  to  next  garrison  which  was  little  above  musket  shot  of  them : 
the  tyde  being  up  and  spryng  t}7de  the  bridge  was  overflowed  which 
obstructed  their  passage  witness  Willet  and  Tydy  &c.  As  soon  as 
they  could  pass  being  headed  by  Capne  Winkoll  and  Topping  they  scour 
the  round  of  the  towne  on  the  N.  East  supposing  ye  enemy  was  gone 
that  way  to  fire  those  houses  they  being  only  left  unburnt,  they 
met  with  no  Indians  in  the  march  the  whole  day ;  met  Lieut.  Ingersoll 
and  1 2  Casco  men  who  came  to  joyn  with  our  men  to  search  out  and 
fight  the  Indians  —  that  night  there  fell  a  small  flight  of  snow. 

8,  We  staid  in  our  quarter  till  midnight  got  2  shallops. 

9,  Landed  70  men  3  hours  before  day  at  Blue  Point  to  find  out  ye 
enemy,  they  had  a  tedious  march  the  whole  day  through  swampes 
marshes  and  creeks  sometimes  to  the  knees,  others  to  the  waist  in  snow 
and  salt-water  — •  saw  some  Indian  tracts  but  could  find  no  Indians ; 
Lieut.  Ingersoll  and  all  his  men  returned  discouraged  home. 

10,  Our  men  returned  to  their  quarters. 

11,  A  mysty  wet  day,  no  handling  arms  nor  marching. 

12,  Much  wind  at  N.  West,  no  gitting  over  rivers,  ye  canos  on  yc 
other  side  imployed  to  git  in  Cummins  corne  of  Sacho  to  Bluepoint. 

13,  Capne  Winkoll,  Sg‘  Tipping  and  our  company  got  over  ye  river 
and  marched  to  find  Indians  and  drive  cattell;  the  enemy  fired  two 
deserted  houses  at  Sacho  while  or  men  were  on  this  side  and  bro‘  home 
between  20  and  30  head  of  Sacho  cattell. 

14,  Sabbath  day  — -  no  disturbance  —  buryd  Sam:  Ryall  wounded  a 
week  before.  15,  no  mocion.  16,  marched  to  drive  in  cattell,  were 


THE  GARRISON  AT  BLACKPOINT. 


331 


disappointed  by  a  Quaker  who  drove  them  into  the  woods  from  us. 
17,  Indians  came  —  from  across  ye  water.  18,  Capne  Winkoll  and  the 
country  souldiers  wch  was  attending  drove  cattell  for  Cummins  and 
Rogers  inhabitants  of  Sacho.  19,  drove  cattell  for  Macshawin,  inhab¬ 
itant  of  Sachc.  20,  I  received  orders  from  Majr  Walden  to  fit  out 
Lieut.  Ingersol  to  Majr  Pendleton  wch  I  wrote  to  him  I  was  upon 
doing.  21,  No  disturbance  being  Sabbath  day.  22,  Serg4  Topping 
and  or  men  went  to  Dunsten  to  drive  in  cattell.  23,  Lieut.  Ingersoll 
came  to  ye  head  quarters  with  12  men  and  wth  orders  from  or  Major 
to  make  them  up  to  60  or  70. 

24,  I  made  up  his  number  to  60  men,  supplying  them  with  8  biskit 
cake  a  man  of  mine  own  store  .  .  .  .  L‘  Ingersoll  went  up  in  the 
night  to  Bluepoint,  landed  before  day  with  2  shallopes,  marched  up  the 
country  to  the  head  of  Sacho  Falls. 

25-27,  Continued  out  one  night,  returned  to  ye  headquarters  and  he 
dismissed  our  souldiers  ;  L‘  Ingersoll  returning  to  Casco ;  sent  me  a 
ltre,  to  send  him  up  45  souldiers  &c.  towards  his  towne  of  Casco  it 
being  alarumed  in  his  absence  by  one  house  burning  and  a  man 
wounded.  L‘  Ingersoll  came  himself  to  our  headquarters  to  demand 
the  prty  ....  he  was  satisfied  with  20  men,  and  I  made  up  Maj. 
Pendletons  relief  20  wch  were  dispatched  with  all  speed  —  great  wind 
at  N.  West.  28,  Mr.  Neales  house  burnt  at  Casco.  30,  Serg‘  and 
his  compy  returned  from  Casco. 

(10)  5,  Tho:  Michell  arrived  from  Boston  with  a  license  to  myself 
to  come  to  Boston,  and  order  to  send  ye  Boston  souldiers  home  if  care 
was  not  taken  to  provide  for  ym. 

The  rest  of  the  Journal  gives  account  of  his  arrangement  to 
leave  home  for  Boston,  taking  one  half  the  Boston  soldiers  with 
him,  and  disposing  the  remainder,  numbering  nineteen,  at  various 
fortified  houses  where  needed:  seven  at  William  Sheldon’s;  six 
at  Mr.  Foxwell’s;  four  at  Scottow’s,  being  “the  Serg‘,  Steward, 
drum  and  a  cooke  to  provide  for  them  when  they  should  all  draw 
up  to  their  head-quarters.”  Capt.  Scottow  sailed  with  the 
soldiers,  from  Blackpoint,  on  January  8th,  and  arrived  in  Boston 
on  the  11th. 

He  returned  to  his  charge  at  Blackpoint  April  9th,  1676,  and  a 
treaty  being  in  progress  by  Major  Walderne,  with  the  Indians, 
he  arranged  with  his  soldiers  to  go  into  his  woods  and  cut 
“  palisado  pines,”  for  fortifying  his  garrison  house. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Capt.  Scottow  was  of  great  help  in 
promoting  the  interests  and  assuring  the  safety  of  the  people  at 
Blackpoint ;  and  yet  he  experienced  the  most  bitter  hostility  and 
opposition  from  many  of  the  inhabitants,  among  whom  were  some 
of  the  most  reliable  and  respectable.  Richard  Fox  well  was 
doubtless  jealous  of  the  large  interest  and  influence  which  his 
extensive  property  gave  him,  as  well  as  his  loyal  adhesion  to  the 
Massachusetts  Court.  In  common  with  many  others  of  the  early 
settlers,  Foxwell  looked  upon  Scottow  as  a  new  comer,  who  with 
his  Boston  ideas  and  manners  came  to  usurp  the  rightful  position 


332 


king  philip’s  war. 

of  those  who  had  held  the  settlement  from  the  beginning ;  and  it 
is  probable  that  jealousy  and  envy  largely  induced  the  bitter 
hostility  and  the  very  serious  charges  that  were  preferred  against 
Capt.  Scottow. 

No  further  trouble  with  the  Indians  seems  to  have  disturbed 
Blackpoint  until  August,  1676.  Capt.  Scottow  busied  himself 
settling  his  accounts  and  strengthening  his  garrison  ;  but  upon 
presenting  his  accounts  for  settlement  by  the  court,  he  found 
that  several  of  his  enemies  had  presented  complaints  against 
his  management,  and  a  remonstrance  against  the  payment  of  his 
accounts,  as  follows : 

PETITION  AGAINST  CAPT.  SCOTTOW. 

Wee  whose  names  wee  have  underwritten,  doe  declare  that  we  were 
never  in  ye  least  privie  to  ye  sending  for  ye  souldiers  which  came  from 
Boston  to  Blackpoint,  neither  during  ye  time  of  their  stay  did  we  in  any 
sort  receive  advantage  by  them  ;  but  yt  they  were  maintained  upon  ye 
acct.  of  Mr.  Scottow :  for  all  the  while  his  fishermen  were  thereby  capa¬ 
citated  to  keep  at  sea  for  the  whole  season  ;  and  much  worke  was  done 
by  them  which  was  greatlie  turned  to  his  profit ;  as  removing  of  a  great 
barn,  paving  before  his  house  and  cutting  of  Palisado  stuff  for  a  pre¬ 
tended  fortification  where  there  is  no  occasion  nor  need.  And  many 
more  such  courtesies  Mr.  Scottow  (got)  by  the  soldiers.  And  that 
other  men  should  pay  for  his  work,  done  under  pretence  of  defending 
ye  country,  wee  hope  in  behalf  of  the  rest  of  ye  sufferers  in  these  sad 
times,  you  will  please  to  take  it  into  your  serious  consideration,  and 
heape  no  more  upon  us  than  wee  are  able  to  beare,  but  where  the 
benefit  has  been  received,  there  order  ye  charge  to  be  levied. 

Richard  Foxwell,  Giles  Barge, 

Rol:  Allanson,  Joseph  Oliver, 

William  Sheldon,  John  Cocke, 

John  Tinney. 

Upon  the  above  representations,  several  of  the  prominent  men 
of  York  County  carried  the  matter  to  the  General  Court ;  among 
these  Major  Pendleton,  Mr.  Munjoy  and  Mr.  Foxwell  were  the 
chief  complainants,  and  their  complaints  were  submitted,  by  the 
auditors  of  York  County,  to  the  General  Court  August  9th,  1676 
(see  Colonial  Records,  Vol.  V.  p.  102).  The  auditing  committee 
were  Nicholas  Shapleigh,  Edward  Rishworth,  Samuel  Wheel¬ 
wright. 

The  complaints  were  : 

1st,  That  Mr.  Scottow  got  the  soldiers  from  Boston  upon  his  own 
responsibility. 

2nd,  That  he  refused  to  use  or  have  others  use  the  soldiers  to  pre¬ 
serve  the  lives  and  estates  of  others. 

3d,  That  he  used  the  soldiers  mostly  for  his  own  particular  security 
and  advantage ;  attending  and  strengthening  his  garrison,  paving  his 
yard,  moving  his  barn,  “  cleaving”  his  wood,  &c. 


CAPT.  SCOTTOW  ACCUSED. 


333 


A  note  of  Mr.  Drake’s  in  his  edition  (1865)  of  Mr.  Hubbard’s 
history,  cites  original  papers,  then  in  his  possession,  as  testimony 
against  Capt.  Scottow.  The  deposition  of  Michael  Edgecombe, 
aged  about  25  years,  declares  that  he  was  at  Blackpoint  when  the 
“  nine  Winter-harbour  men  were  fighting  the  Indians  upon  the 
Sands  opposite  said  Place,  and  saw  sundrie  men  come  to  Mr.  Scot¬ 
tow  importuning  that  he  would  send  some  Ayde  over  to  those  poore 
distressed  men,”  etc.,  and  that  Capt.  Scottow,  though  seeing  the 
English  were  far  outnumbered  by  the  Indians,  and  must  be  over¬ 
come  soon  without  releif,  yet  would  not  suffer  a  man  to  go  to 
help  them ;  and  one  J ohn  Lux  came  and  reproached  the  Captain 
and  offered  to  take  men  in  his  shallop  across  the  river  and  land 
them  “on  shoare  in  Little  River,”  near  where  the  men  were 
fighting,  and  where  all  were  found  slain  next  day.  This  was 
sworn  to  before  Brian  Pendleton,  July  20th,  1676.  Lux  declared 
that  nothing  would  move  Capt.  Scottow,  although  he  could  see 
the  men  being  overpowered  by  greatly  outnumbering  savages. 

Mr.  Foxwell  also  deposed  against  Capt.  Scottow’s  inhumanity 
in  the  affair  of  the  burning  of  Dunstan,  etc.  Walter  Gendall, 
who  served  as  Sergeant  under  Capt.  Scottow,  and  had  charge  of  a 
body  of  soldiers  at  Spurwink  in  1675,  made  a  similar  deposition. 

The  Court  referred  this  case  to  the  October  session,  and 
then  gave  judgment,  that, 

This  Court,  having  heard  the  complaint  of  Mr.  Rishworth  exhibbeted 
against  Captaine  Scottow,  &c.  .  .  .  uppon  a  full  hearing  of  both  par¬ 
ties,  see  no  reason  for  the  aforesaid  complaint,  and  doe  judge  that  the 
said  Capt.  Scottow  (for  aught  doth  appeare)  hath  faithfully  dischardged 
his  trust,  and  is  therefore  acquitted  from  the  chardge  endeavord  to  be 
put  on  him,  but  that  the  same  be  borne  by  the  county  and  that  Mr. 
Rushworth  do  pay  Capt.  Scottow  his  costs  and  damage.  The  Court 
granted  and  determined  the  costs  to  be  nine  pounds,  thirteen  shillings 
&  eight  pence. 

In  the  evidence  favorable  to  this  decision,  the  following  paper, 
found  in  the  old  files  of  Suffolk  County  Court,  was  probably 
offered : 

PETITION  OF  INHABITANTS  OF  SCARBOROUGH. 

The  humble  Petition  of  the  Inhabitants  of  Scarborough.  Whereas 
Mr.  Scottow  of  Boston  Stood  by  us  in  all  our  streights  and  distresses 
during  the  late  Warr  with  the  Indians  and  not  only  encouraged  us  with 
his  presence  from  April  until  January  last,  but  alsoe  releived  us  with  a 
barrell  of  powder  and  all  sorts  of  ammunition  as  it  cost  him  in  Boston 
near  to  twenty  pounds  for  which  he  is  not  yet  paid,  yea,  then  when  as 
there  was  no  town  Stock  nor  a  pound  of  powder  in  the  Town  that  we 
know  of  without  which  supply  we  and  our  familyes  must  either  have 
been  destroyed  or  our  town  deserted  as  Casco  and  Saco  were,  we  being 
then  for  divers  months  the  seat  of  war  and  having  more  houses  than 
one  of  the  Townes  and  above  double  the  other  burnt  and  consumed : 


334 


king  philip’s  war. 


and  to  keep  us  together  since  he  hath  this  Spring  helped  us  more  with 
nere  two  hundred  bushells  of  Indian  and  other  Grain  without  which 
some  of  us  could  neither  have  planted  nor  sowne,  some  had  ben  pincht 
and  others  might  have  starved,  in  all  things  to  our  weak  understanding 
he  hath  carryed  it  faithfully  and  carefully  to  the  publicke  interest,  he 
being  now  unjustly  and  as  far  as  we  can  deserne  maliciously  perse¬ 
cuted  by  some  especially  one  Mr.  Foxwell  a  man  noted  for  contention 
and  whereas  there  be  diverse  oaths  taken  against  sd  Scottow  some  of 
them  to  the  knowledge  of  some  of  us  false,  and  others  covered  with 
fraude  and  fallacy  we  being  much  troubled  that  for  his  good  he  should 
receive  a  bill  humbly  crave  that  he  may  have  all  right  and  due  encour¬ 
agement  and  vindication,  and  your  petitioners  shall  further  humblie 
pray  for  your  honors  peace  and  prosperity. 

Henry  Jocelyn  Richard  X  Willing 

Ambrose  Bouden  Francis  X  White 

John  X  Libby,  senior,  John  X  Ficket 

Richard  X  Bassen 
Richard  Moore 
Peter  X  Hinxen 
Henry  X  Elkins 
Henry  X  Brookins 
William  X  Burrage 


Sam  X  Oakman 
John  X  Libby  junr 
Anthony  Row 
Thomas  X  Bigford 
John  Howell 
William  X  Champlin 


Thomas  X  Wasgate 
John  X  Makenny 
Edward  X  Hounsell 
Richard  X  Barret 
Christopher  X  Picket 
Thomas  Cleverly 
John  X  Vicars 
Dunken  X  Teshmond 
John  X  Simson 


ADDITIONAL  FAVOURABLE  TESTIMONY. 

These  are  to  testifie  before  whom  it  may  concern,  that  Mr.  Scottow 

of  Boston,  being  wth  us  when - ye  men  were  killed  upon  Sacho  Sands 

at  the  first  heering  of  the  guns  fired  there  wth  consent  of  Mr.  Josselin 
gave  ye  Alarum  all  over  garrison  to  ye  whole  town,  drew  up  such  of  us 
on  our  armes  as  were  at  home,  dispatcht  our  Corporall  to  call  in  such 
as  were  abroad,  as  also  the  said  Scottow  was  very  Angry  with  Mack- 
shawine  for  saying  that  Captaine  Wincoll  and  his  Company  were  all 
cut  off,  telling  him  though  some  might  be  killed  and  the  rest  filed  yett 
it  might  be  to  gain  ye  advantage  of  ground  as  it  proved,  as  also  at  the 
same  time  Scottow  seartcht  the  armes  and  ammunition  of  us  which 
were  drawne  up  exchanging  ye  armes  which  were  insufficient  for  his 
owne  ffixed  armes,  and  that  hee  supplied  every  man  of  all  those  that 
were  sent  forth,  and  wanted,  both  with  powder,  buletts,  swan  shott, 
biskett,  and  a  dram  of  ye  bottle  out  of  his  owne  store,  there  not  being 
at  the  same  time  one  pound  of  powder  in  ye  town,  that  wee  know  of 
but  what  they  recved  from  Scottow  &  that  the  said  Scottow,  upon  the 
first  alarum  enquire  whether  some  of  us  might  not  bee  sent  in  a  shallop 
or  in  Canows  to  goe  to  ye  releif  of  those  men,  it  was  answered  that 
they  could  not  be  sent  with  safety  neither  for  the  men  nor  for  their 
armes  because  of  the  gulf  of  ye  sea,  the  wind  blowing  ft'resh  upon  the 
shore.  The  said  Scottow  with  the  consent  of  Mr.  Henery  Josselin,  did 
with  as  much  possible  speed  as  they  could,  dispatch  away  about  twenty 
men  over  our  fferry  to  march  by  land  to  the  relief  of  that  pty  under  y° 
charge  of  Serjeant  Olliver,  yea  so  many  men  did  they  send  away  that 
some  of  us  complained  against  them  saying  they  did  not  doe  well  to 
send  out  so  many  of  their  husbands  and  children,  supposeing  that  if 
they  should  have  been  cutt  off  wee  had  not  strength  left  at  the  garrison 


CAPT.  SCOTTOW  VINDICATED. 


335 


sufficient  to  defend  ourselves  if  assaulted,  Yea,  wee  doe  farther  testifie 
that  the  said  Scottow  Acted  therein  to  the  utmost  of  his  power  soe  that 
when  some  of  the  company  manifested  a  backwardness  to  the  relief 
above  in  vexation  hee  through  his  Kane  upon  the  ground  saying  he 
would  through  up  his  Commission  and  never  meddle  more  with  it,  and 
alsoe  that  wee  could  not  answer  to  god,  men,  nor  our  owne  consciences 
unless  wee  used  the  utmost  of  our  endeavour  to  relieve  those  men,  in 
testimony  of  the  truth  of  what  is  above  written  we  have  hereunto  signed 
and  shall  to  the  substance  of  the  whole  depose  if  called  thereunto  by 
lawfull  Authority. 


Blackpoint,  July  ye  15th  1676 
John  X  Libby  Senr 
Tomas  X  Bigford 
Anthony  row 
Thomas  Cleverly 
Hen:  X  Elkins 


Rich.  Willing 
Andrew  Browne 
ffrancis  X  White 
Peter  X  Hinxen 
Henry  X  Nookins 


The  pmises  above  written,  I 
attest  to  be  truth  given  under 
my  hand  this  18  July  1676 
Henry  Jocelyn. 


Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  28. 


During  August  of  1676,  Capt.  Scottow  was  evidently  at  Boston, 
leaving  the  conduct  of  affairs  to  Jocelyn  and  Tippen  with  Walter 
Gendal  as  a  third  on  the  “  committee  of  the  militia.”  Sergeant 
Tippen,  who  appears  to  have  been  a  very  efficient  officer,  being 
called  away  also,  the  others  found  themselves  unable  to  control 
the  inhabitants  who  were  acting  as  garrison  soldiers,  and  they 
wrote  this  letter  to  Capt.  Scottow : 


Capt.  Joshua  Scottow. 

We  underwritten  being  of  ye  committee  with  serjeant  Tippen,  and 
both  of  you  now  being  absent,  shall  desire  you  to  acquaint  ye  Governor 
&  Councill  of  ye  averseness  of  the  generality  of  ye  Inhabitants  to  obey 
Military  orders ;  y‘  they  would  be  pleased  to  direct  some  especial  order 
to  such  in  this  town  as  may  bring  ye  Inhabitants  to  ye  obedience  of  ye 
Military  Laws  of  the  Government  y‘  we  may  be  in  some  capacity  to 
defend  ourselves  against  ye  common  enemy  ;  and  we  shall  remain, 

Yr  friends  to  serve  you 

Black  Point,  Aug.  9th,  1676.  Henry  Jocelyn, 

Walter  Gendall. 

The  Blackpoint  garrison  was  recognized  by  the  Indians  as  the 
strongest  fortification  in  the  Eastern  Towns,  and  it  had  therefore 
escaped  any  assault  in  the  general  destruction  which  fell  upon 
Casco  and  the  Kennebec  towns.  In  the  letter  of  Capt.  Hathorne 
in  the  last  chapter,  we  find  some  account  of  the  discontent  of 
the  people  at  Blackpoint  and  their  determination  to  abandon  the 
garrison  and  betake  themselves  to  the  safer  towns  to  the  West. 
The  letter  indicates  also  that  Capt.  Scottow  was  there  when 
Capt.  Hathorne  visited  the  place,  but  evidently  withdrew  soon 
after ;  as  upon  October  12th  the  Indians  appeared  at  the  garri¬ 
son,  a  hundred  strong,  with  the  chief  “  Mugg  ”  (or  Mog  Hegon, 
Whittier’s  Mog  Megone)  at  their  head ;  they  found  the  inhabi¬ 
tants  all  within  the  fort  and  Mr.  Jocelyn  in  command.  The 


336 


king  philip’s  war. 


Indians  did  not  attack,  knowing  that  even  a  small  number  could 
hold  it  against  any  assault  they  could  make.  Mugg  was  well 
acquainted  with  all  the  affairs  of  the  English,  and  immediately 
sought  a  parley  with  Mr.  Jocelyn,  which  lasted  a  long  time.  In 
the  meantime  all  the  inhabitants  had  taken  the  opportunity  to 
get  out  of  the  house  and  to  their  boats  and  away  to  the  West¬ 
ward  towns,  —  Wells,  Portsmouth,  etc.  How  they  could  have 
thus  effected  their  escape  in  the  presence  of  so  large  a  body  of 
the  enemy  must  be  explained  by  the  advantageous  position  of 
the  garrison,  and  the  overconfidence  of  the  Indians.  Mr.  Jocelyn 
and  his  family  were  taken  with  the  house  and  its  contents,  which 
was  at  once  surrendered,  when  Mr.  Jocelyn  found  only  his  own 
family  left  within.  Mugg  was  highly  elated  with  this  great  and 
easy  success,  and  Jocelyn  was  treated  kindly,  and  with  his  family 
soon  restored  to  their  friends.  It  is  said  that  he  afterwards 
removed  to  Plymouth,  where  he  spent  the  rest  of  his  days.  Black- 
point  garrison  was  not  destroyed,  perhaps  because  Mugg,  in  the 
flush  of  his  success,  believed  the  English  would  soon  be  driven  from 
the  country,  and  this  would  serve  the  Indians  as  a  stronghold. 
The  following  paper,  the  original  of  which  is  preserved  among 
the  papers  of  the  late  Mr.  Lemuel  Shattuck,  gives  the  list  of  those 
who  were  at  Blackpoint  just  before  the  surrender : 


A  list  of  y®  names  of  ye  Inhabitants  at  Blackpoint  Garison 

Octo:  12th  1676. 


Daniell  Moore 
John  Tenney 

in  y*  Garison.  Henry  Brookin 

Nathaniell  Willett 
Charles  Browne 
Edward  Hounseil 

Hampton  and  Sals- 
bery  Soldiers 
ffrancis  Sholet 
in  yehntts  w|h  Anthony  Roe 

sonbutJoyn'-  Thomas  Bickford 
ing  to  it.  Robert  Tydey 
Richard  Moore 
James  Lybbey 
John  Lybbey 
Samuell  Lybbey 
Anthony  Lybbey 
George  Taylor 
James  Ogleby 
Dunken  Chessom 
William  Sheildin 
John  Vickers 
Rr<1  Basson 


Rort  Eliott 
ffrancis  White 
Richard  Honywell 
John  Howell 
Living  mus-  Ralphe  Heison 
n.ye Gar-  Matthew  Heyson 
ison.  Joseph  Oliver 

Christopher  Edgecome 
John  Edgecome 
Micael  Edgecome 
Robert  Edgecome 
Living  three  Henry  Elkins 

SSSfrfy  John  Ashden 
Garison.  Johne  Warrick 

Goodman  Luscome 
Tymothy  Collins 
Andrew  Browne,  Senior 
Andrew  Browne 
John  Browne 
Joseph  Browne 
William  Burrage 
Ambrose  Bouden,  Con¬ 
stable 

Tho:  Cumming 


BLACKPOINT  REGABRISONED. 


337 


John  Herman 
Samuell  Okeman,  Senior 
Samuell  Okeman 
John  Elson 
Peter  Hincson 
Symond  Hincson 


A  list  of  ye  names  of  those  y‘  ware  prest  by 
Vertue  of  Capt.  Harthornes  order  to  be  for 
ye  service  of  ye  Garison  of  ye  Inhabitants 
afforesaid. 


ffrancis  Shealett 


Edward  Hounslow 


Ricd  Willin 


James  Oglebey 
John  Cocke 


John  Symson 
Tho:  Cleauerly 
John  Cocke 
Rrd  Burrough 


Daniell  Moore 


Dunken  Chesson 
Richard  Burrough 
William  Burrage 


It  is  probable  that  the  surrender  of  the  fort  at  Blackpoint  was 
a  great  surprise  to  Capt.  Scottow,  as  it  was  considered  by  all 
absolutely  secure,  and  was  at  the  time  well  supplied  and  amply 
garrisoned ;  doubtless  the  cause  of  the  desertion  was  the  long- 
suppressed  discontent  of  the  people,  and  their  panic  at  the 
approach  of  the  large  body  of  Indians  which  their  fears  magnified 
to  an  army.  Capt.  Scottow  did  not  rest  content  with  his  defeat, 
however,  as  we  see  by  the  following  item  at  the  session  of  the 
General  Court,  October  25,  1676,  some  twelve  days  after  the 
disaster. 

Whereas  Joshua  Scottow  is  now  sending  forth  a  smale  vessell  or  two 
wth  company  for  the  discovery  of  the  state  of  the  fort  at  Black  Point, 
and  transport  of  what  may  be  there  recoverable  either  of  his  or  any 
of  the  inhabitants,  it  is  ordered,  that  the  said  vessells  and  persons  by 
him  sent  shall  be  &  hereby  are  exempted  from  impresse  upon  any  of 
the  country3  imploy ;  and  Bartholomew  Tipping  being  commended  as  a 
fitt  person  to  take  the  charge  of  such  as  are  to  land,  in  case  he  shall 
judge  the  place  tenable,  he  shallbe  &  hereby  is  impowered  to  impresse 
the  company  now  sent,  and  any  other  of  the  inhabitants,  or  any  other 
persons  which  maybe  there  found,  to  looke  after  plunder  or  their  owne 
estates,  and  to  defend  &  keepe  the  place  from  the  enemy  untill  further 
order ;  and  the  said  Scottow  hath  liberty  to  impresse  some  inhabitants 
of  Black  Point  who  lye  latent,  he,  the  said  Scottow,  carrying  it  on  at 
his  oune  charge. 

Sometime  in  November,  Mugg  having  surrendered  himself  and 
the  Indians  having  withdrawn,  Capt.  Scottow  regained  his  fort, 
and  Sergt.  Bartholomew  Tippen  and  soldiers,  and  many  of  the 
inhabitants,  remained  there,  and  more  returned  in  the  Spring. 
While  our  eastern  towns  from  Portsmouth  to  Saco  were  kept  in 
constant  fear  by  frequent  attacks  by  skulking  bands,  Blackpoint 
was  not  troubled  until  May  13th,  1677,  when  a  great  body  of  the 
enemy  appeared  before  the  garrison,  and  at  once  made  a  resolute 
onset  upon  it,  apparently  feeling  assured  of  victory.  But  they 
had  now  to  deal  with  a  different  man  than  before  ;  Sergt.  Barthol- 


338 


king  Philip’s  war. 


omew  Tippen  was  now  in  command,  and  conducted  a  gallant  de¬ 
fence  during  three  days,  in  which  time  but  three  of  his  soldiers 
were  killed  ;  on  the  16th  the  Sergeant  himself  made  a  fine  shot,  by 
which  one  of  the  leaders  (supposed,  at  the  time,  to  be  “  Simon,  ” 
but  afterwards  found  to  be  the  celebrated  “  Mugg  ”)  fell,  by 
which  loss  of  their  chief  they  were  so  disheartened  that  they 
withdrew,  part  towards  the  Kennebec,  the  rest  toward  Piscataqua 
and  York,  where  they  did  some  injury,  of  which  and  their  next 
attack  upon  Blaekpoint,  the  next  chapter,  taking  up  the  opera¬ 
tions  of  Capt.  Benjamin  Swett,  will  give  some  account. 


Credited  under  Capt.  Scottow. 


January  25  1675 

-6 

Timothy  Cunnell 

02 

08 

00 

Samuel  Byall 

01 

01 

04 

John  Lowell 

02 

08 

00 

Daniel  Lancton,  Corp’l. 

04 

04 

00 

Ezekiel  Hamlin 

02 

08 

00 

Eben  Ingolsby 

03 

12 

00 

Peter  Mallandy 

02 

08 

00 

George  Gregory 

03 

12 

00 

Thomas  Maddis 

02 

08 

00 

Moses  Richardson 

03 

12 

00 

James  Ogleby 

02 

08 

00 

John  Newman 

03 

12 

00 

James  Barber 

02 

08 

00 

Henry  Berrisford 

03 

12 

00 

Richard  Huneywell 

02 

08 

00 

Roger  Jones 

03 

12 

00 

William  Darby 

02 

08 

00 

Charles  Duckworth 

03 

12 

00 

Samuel  Baker 

02 

08 

00 

Andrew  Cload 

03 

12 

00 

March  24th  1675 

-6 

Owen  Jones 

03 

12 

00 

Samuel  Johnson 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Hobson 

03 

12 

00 

April  24,  1676 

William  Howard 

03 

12 

00 

Thomas  Barber 

03 

18 

00 

John  Slead 

03 

12 

00 

Peter  Malardino 

03 

09 

04 

Benjamin  Wardall 

03 

12 

00 

June  24,  1676 

Thomas  Skellito 

03 

12 

00 

John  Baker 

04 

16 

00 

Thomas  Hawes 

03 

12 

00 

Bartholomew  Tippin 

09 

09 

00 

John  Newton 

03 

12 

00 

Thomas  Barber 

02 

02 

00 

Samuel  Walker 

03 

12 

00 

Peter  Odrego 

01 

04 

00 

Alexander  Johnson 

03 

12 

00 

Francis  Sholett 

06 

00 

00 

February  19,  1675-6 

Timothy  Conhill 

06 

00 

00 

Bartholomew  Tippin 

03 

12 

00 

Nathaniel  Willet 

06 

00 

00 

Thomas  Barber 

02 

08 

00 

Edward  Milton 

02 

03 

08 

Nathaniel  Willett 

02 

08 

00 

James  Barber 

06 

00 

00 

Edward  Milton 

02 

08 

00 

Peter  Odrego 

05 

12 

00 

Robert  Tydye 

02 

08 

00 

James  Ogleby 

06 

00 

00 

Ebenezer  Winter 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Maddis 

06 

06 

00 

Peter  Odrigoe 

02 

08 

00 

William  Darby 

06 

00 

00 

Samuel  Johnson 

02 

08 

00 

Robert  Tidy 

06 

00 

00 

John  Baker 

02 

08 

00 

Ebenezer  Winter 

06 

06 

00 

There  were  doubtless  many  names  credited  during  the  autumn 
and  winter  of  1676-7,  but  the  accounts  covering  that  period  are 
now  lost.  It  will  be  noted,  however,  that  many  of  the  same 
names  appear  in  this  following  list  from  a  later  book  that  are  in 
the  former.  The  accounts  between  these  dates  are  lost. 


CAPT.  SCOTTOW’s  SOLDIERS. 


339 


July  24,  1677. 
Edward  Cowle 
Sam.  Libby 
John  Starts 

August  1st  1677 
Henry  Libby 

September 
John  Gibson 
Will:  Burridg 
Nath'  Willet 
John  Robin 
John  Starts 
James  Ogleby 
Richard  Barrett 
Christopher  Edgecomb 
Robert  Edgecomb 
Sam1  Jordan 
John  Markany 
John  Churchill 


Michael  Edgecomb 
Thos:  Cummings 
Thos:  Irons 
Anthony  Libby 
October. 
John  Courser 
Lewis  Price 
Andrew  Brown 
John  Brown 
John  Augur 
John  Lewis 
Thos:  Rogers 
John  Bezoon 

November. 
Edward  Hounsel 
December. 
Job  Tooky 
Joseph  Hide 


January  1677-8 
David  Middleton 
Andrew  Johnson 
February  1677-8 
William  Milles 
Henery  Libby 

March  1677-8 
Thos:  Bull 
Sam1  Jordan 
Richard  Honywell 
Nathaniell  Willitt 
John  Browne 
Stephen  Wolfe 
Ambross  Bowden 
Michael  Edgecomb 
John  Tinney 
Richd  Honywell 
Will:  Smith 


In  October,  1677,  upon  the  petition  of  Capt.  Scottow  and 
others  of  his  townsmen,  all  the  arms  and  ammunition  then  in  the 
fort  at  Blackpoint  were  granted  them  for  their  proper  defence, 
the  same  or  like  amount  to  be  returned  upon  the  order  of  the 
Court,  and  the  inhabitants,  while  engaged  in  the  defence  of  the 
garrison,  were  freed  from  all  country  rates. 

After  the  close  of  the  war  Capt.  Scottow  returned  and  engaged 
in  the  development  of  his  estate,  and  in  building  up  the  interests 
of  the  settlement.  In  1679  he  was  chosen  an  Associate  for  York 
County.  In  1681  the  inhabitants  at  Blackpoint  accepted  his 
offer  to  give  the  town  a  hundred  acres  of  land  “  upon  the  Plains 
between  Moors  Brook  and  the  South  East  end  of  the  Great  Pond,” 
as  a  site  for  the  building  of  a  fortification  for  the  defence  of  the 
town.  The  land  about  this  fort  was  to  be  laid  out  in  lots  con¬ 
venient  for  the  most  compact  settlement  of  the  people,  all  of 
whom  were  to  build  upon  these  and  pay  to  Capt.  Scottow  one 
shilling  yearly  for  ever  as  being  their  “  demesne  Lord.”  The 
people  took  hold  with  a  will,  and  all  working  together  soon 
erected  a  very  large  and  strong  fortification.  Here  the  people  lived, 
apparently  in  harmony,  until  1686,  when  for  some  reason  they 
declared  their  agreement  with  Capt.  Scottow  “  null  and  void,” 
but  at  the  same  time  were  ready  enough  to  use  the  protection  of 
his  garrison  in  times  of  danger;  and  their  opposition  to  him,  on 
this  as  well  as  former  occasions,  is  strange  from  our  standpoint, 
and  must  probably  remain  unaccounted  for,  except  for  the  reasons 
above  noted,  and  perhaps  arbitrary  and  eccentric  manners,  of 
which  some  intimations  may  be  gathered  from  the  petitions  of  his 
friends  noted  above,  as  well  as  from  his  writings.  The  people 
never  forgot  the  old  charge  of  his  being  the  indirect  cause  of  the 


340 


king  Philip’s  war. 


death  of  the  Nicholses  in  1675;  and  in  1681  he  was  accused  of 
the  murder  of  one  Nathan  Bedford,  who  was  shown  at  the  inquest 
to  have  been  drowned,  and  the  charge  was  probably  due  to  the 
hostility  of  his  enemies.  He  still  held  his  leading  position  at 
Blackpoint  until  the  evacuation  in  May,  1690,  when  he  retired 
to  Boston  where  he  probably  spent  the  rest  of  his  da}rs.  He  died 
January  20th,  1698,  aged  83  years.  His  gravestone  was  found, 
October,  1850,  in  the  tower  of  “  The  Old  South  Church,”  by 
workmen  making  repairs  upon  the  wall  under  the  north  dial, 
some  fifty  feet  from  the  ground.  How  it  came  there  is  not,  I  be¬ 
lieve,  yet  explained.  Another  stone,  that  of  William  Middleton, 
died  1699,  was  found  at  the  same  time  and  place.  Mr.  Sewall,  in 
his  Journal,  Jan.  21s*  and  22d,  1697-8,  writes: 

“  It  seems  Capt  Scottow  died  last  night.  Thus  the  New  England 
men  drop  away.”  Jan.  22;  “Capt  Joshua  Scottow  is  buried  in  the 
old  burying  place :  Bearers  Major  Gen1  Winthrop,  Mr.  Cook,  Col. 
Hutchinson,  8ewall,  Sergeant,  Walley :  ’Extream  Cold.  No  Minister  at 
Capt.  Scottow’s  Funeral  nor  wife  nor  daughter.” 

Capt.  Scottow  was  the  author  of  two  very  curious  tracts,  one 
in  1691,  entitled,  “  Old  Men's  Tears  for  their  own  Declensions 
mixed  with  Fears  of  their  and  posterities  further  falling  off  from 
New  England's  Primitive  Constitution.  Published  by  some  of  Bos¬ 
ton's  Old  Planters  and  some  others."  Another  tract,  published  in 
1694,  has  a  title  similar  in  character,  but  too  long  for  insertion 
here  except  the  first  part,  “  A  Narrative  of  the  Planting  of  the 
Massachusetts  Colony  Anno  1628,”  etc.  Besides  these  tracts  there 
are  many  intimations  of  eccentricity  in  the  character  of  Mr. 
Scottow.  See  “Memoir  of  Joshua  Scottow,”  by  Hon.  Hamilton 
A.  Hill,  A.M.  Also  Sibley’s  “  Harvard  Graduates.” 

The  accounts  of  Capt.  Scottow  for  disbursements  during  the 
war  were  still  unsettled  in  1685,  when  the  amount  claimed  was 
over  two  hundred  pounds  ;  the  Court  that  year  voted  him  a  grant 
of  five  hundred  acres  of  land  in  the  “  Province  of  Mayne  in  any 
free  place ;  ”  and  in  1686,  some  delay  and  trouble  about  this 
former  grant  having  arisen,  he  was  granted  five  hundred  acres  in 
addition  in  same  place  and  under  the  same  conditions. 

Capt.  Scottow  left  numerous  descendants,  by  his  daughters  ;  in 
his  will,  probated  March  3d,  1698,  he  mentions  sixteen  grand¬ 
children.  Thomas  Scottow,  only  surviving  son  of  the  Captain, 
after  graduating  at  Harvard  in  1677,  seems  to  have  associated 
himself  with  his  father ;  he  was  Recorder  of  York  County  in 
1686,  and  signs  as  Deputy  Register,  after  that  until  1688.  In  his 
father’s  will  he  is  bequeathed  a  double  portion,  which,  if  he  dies 
without  issue,  shall  go  to  his  sister  Elizabeth  Savage.  In  Mr. 
Waters’s  “  Genealogical  Gleanings,”  Part  I.,  page  210,  is  found 
Thomas  Scottow’s  will,  which  declares  him  to  be  “  of  Boston, 


THOMAS  SCOTTOW. 


341 


Chirurgeon,  now  bound  forth  to  sea  in  the  Ship  Gerrard  of  Lon¬ 
don,  Capt.  William  Dennis,  commander,  14  November  1698,” 
proved  4  September,  1699.  Gives  his  sister,  Elizabeth  Savage, 
of  New  England,  all  his  real  and  personal  estate  in  New  Eng¬ 
land.  To  his  “  loving  friend  Margaret  Softley  of  the  Parish  of 
St.  Paul,  Shadwell,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  widow,”  all  his 
goods  and  chattels  and  estate  in  the  said  ship,  and  all  wages  that 
may  be  due  him  for  service  on  the  said  ship  at  the  time  of  his 
death,  in  satisfaction  of  what  he  shall  owe  her,  at  his  death.  He 
appoints  her  executrix. 


XXIV. 


CAPT.  BENJAMIN  SWETT  AND  HIS  MEN,  AND  CAPT. 
MICHAEL  PEIRSE  OF  PLYMOUTH  COLONY. 


JOHN 1  SWETT,  admitted  freeman  of  Massachusetts  Colony- 
May  18,  1642,  was  one  of  the  ninety-one  freeholders  who 
were  declared  to  be  the  proprietors  of  all  commons,  waste¬ 
lands  and  rivers  undisposed  of  in  the  town  of  Newbury. 

Capt.  Benjamin2  Swett,  son  of  John,1  was  born  in  England 
about  1626;  came  to  Newbury  with  his  father;  married  there, 
November,  1647,  Hester,  daughter  of  Peter  Weare.  They  settled 
first  in  Newbury,  and  from  1655  to  1662,  in  company  with 
his  brother-in-law,  Nathaniel  Weare,  he  carried  on  the  farm  of 
Mr.  John  Woodbridge  of  Newbury.  His  children,  born  in  New¬ 
bury,  were  Hester,3  7  June,  1648,  m.  Abin  Greene,  1668 ;  Sarah,3 
7  November,  1650,  m.  Morris  Hobbs,  1678;  Mary,3  7  January, 
1652,  died  soon ;  Mary,3  2  May,  1654 ;  Benjamin,3  5  August,  1656  ; 
Joseph,3  21  January,  1659 ;  Moses,3  16  September,  1661.  And  in 
Hampton,  whither  he  removed  about  1668,  were  born,  Hannah,3 
16  May,  1664 ;  Elizabeth,3  2  July,  1667 ;  John,3  17  May,  1670; 
Stephen,3  13  September,  1672;  and  perhaps  another. 

Capt.  Swett  was  active  and  energetic.  He  was  early  chosen 
to  fill  places  of  trust  in  town  and  county.  But  he  was  inclined 
to  military  exercises,  and  was  chosen  Ensign  of  the  military  com¬ 
pany  in  Newbury  as  early  as  1651. 

After  removing  to  Hampton,  he  became  prominent  and  influ¬ 
ential  in  both  civil  and  military  affairs  in  Old  Norfolk  County ; 
and  in  the  well  preserved  and  finely  written  document  (Mass. 
Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  57)  presented  to  the  General  Court,  May 
81,  1671,  remonstrating  against  the  Court’s  appointment  of 
Robert  Pike,  as  Sergeant-Major  of  Norfolk  County,  — instead  of 
leaving  the  choice  to  the  people,  —  we  doubtless  see  Capt.  Swett’s 
elegant  handwriting ;  and  he  seems  to  be  the  recognized  leader 
among  the  prominent  men  of  the  various  towns  of  Norfolk. 

In  1675  he  held  the  rank  of  Lieutenant,  and  is  mentioned  thus 
by  Mr.  Hubbard,  as  marching  up  with  a  small  company  into  the 
woods  to  recover  the  body  of  Goodman  Robinson  of  Exeter, 
killed  by  the  Indians.  And  the  first  official  notice  I  have  found 
is  the  order  of  Council,  January  17,  1675-6,  mentioned  hereto- 


CAPT.  SWETT’s  COMMISSION. 


343 


fore,  showing  that  he  was  in  charge  of  recruits  then  being  sent 
out  to  Narraganset.  February  1,  1675-6,  the  Council  by  special 
order  granted  him  three  pounds  for  the  time  he  had  been  in  the 
service ;  this  was  probably  for  his  services  in  recruiting.  Feb¬ 
ruary  29,  1675-6,  he  was  credited  under  Capt.  Gardiner  with 
<£3.  00s.  OOd.  on  the  treasurer’s  book,  possibly  the  same  item. 

More  than  half  the  men  credited  under  him  assigned  their 
credits  to  the  town  of  Haverhill,  and  I  find  were  nearly  all  in¬ 
habitants  of  that  town.  The  service  for  which  these  credits  are 
given  was  probably  rendered  in  the  spring  of  1676,  upon  the 
frontier  towns  of  Essex  County.  Captain  Swett  was  then  en¬ 
gaged  at  home,  and  was  in  command  of  the  military  at  Hampton 
and  vicinity  until  the  next  year,  when  he  was  called  into  the 
public  service  at  the  Eastward,  which  the  following  Order  and 
Commission  of  the  Council  will  explain : 

Ordered  that  Leif  tenant  Benjamin  Swett  have  a  Commission  for  a 
Captains  place  &  that  he  be  the  Conduct  &  chiefe  of  Commanders  of 
the  English  &  Indian  forces  now  raysed  &  to  Goe  forth  on  the  Service 
of  the  Country  ag*  the  Eastern  Indian  Ennemy  as  also  to  order  and 
dispose  of  the  masters  &  marines  &  vessels  now  Going  to  said  service 
for  the  better  management  of  that  affayre. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  132. 

capt.  swett’s  commission. 

Capt.  Swett,  You  are  ordered  with  the  forces  now  raysed  &  by  your 
Commission  put  under  your  Command  to  repayr  to  Blackpoynt  &  there 
use  all  possible  diligence  by  searching  &  otherwise  to  understand  the 
state  &  motions  of  the  enemy  &  with  your  force  to  assayle  &  annoy 
them  as  much  as  in  you  lyeth.  If  ye  Headquarters  of  the  Enemy  by 
advice  of  Major  Clark  &  those  upon  the  place  be  possible  to  be 
assaulted  you  are  ordered  to  march  thither  with  all  your  force ;  if  any 
other  small  quarter  of  the  enemy  lye  near  &  your  force  be  in  any 
Measure  Capable  in  a  short  time  to  visit  and  fall  upon  them  you  are 
accordingly  with  all  ye  force  Indians  &  English  to  make  your  march 
thither  &  assalt  them ;  if  otherwise  no  service  against  the  enemy  offer 
advising  with  Major  Clark  to  whom  the  Councill  doth  refer  you  for 
advice,  you  shall  with  your  whole  force  march  down  towards  Pascataq, 
on  the  Backside  of  winter  Harbor,  Weis,  york  &c,  if  possible  to  dis¬ 
cover  the  lurking  places  of  ye  enemy  &  fall  upon  them  after  which  you 
shall  supply,  out  of  your  company  ye  places  of  ye  old  garrison  soldiers 
which  went  out  under  C.  Swayne  or  other  dismissing  them  home  & 
lodge  ye  remayners  in  most  convenient  and  necessary  places  for  the 
Countryes  Service  &  in  such  Companyes  that  upon  prime  exigent  or 
order  you  may  call  ym  again  forth  on  further  excursion  or  expedition 
keeping  good  correspondence  giving  account  to  ye  Governor  &  Council 
of  all  occurrences. 

Dated  at  Charlestown  ye  22d  of  June,  1677 
pr.  Council.  E.  R.  Sty. 

To  be  released,  Sam11.  Clark,  Isaak  How,  Wm.  Hopkins,  Wm. 
Stanley,  Moses  Whitney. 


344 


king  philip’s  war. 

This  final  service  of  Capt.  Swett  is  best  told  by  Mr.  Hubbard, 
the  historian  of  the  war,  who,  after  telling  of  the  late  depreda¬ 
tions  which  had  been  made  at  York,  Wells  and  Hampton,  where 
Edward  Colcord,  Jr.,  and  three  others  (probably  Abraham  Per¬ 
kins,  Jr.,  Benjamin  Hillard  and  Caleb  Towle)  were  killed,  con¬ 
tinues  : 

The  Indians  thus  making  daily  Inroads  upon  these  weak,  unfenced 
places,  the  Governor  and  Council  resolved  to  raise  new  Forces,  and 
having  had  good  Experience  of  the  Faithfulness  and  Valor  of  the 
Christian  Indians  about  Natick,  armed  two  hundred  of  them  and  sent 
them  together  with  forty  English,  to  prosecute  the  Quarrel  against 
those  Eastward  Indians  to  the  full;  but  not  judging  aright  of  the 
Number  of  the  Enemy,  they  much  underdid  their  Business,  for  besides 
that  the  Number  they  sent  of  the  English  was  a  great  deal  too  small, 
those  that  were  chosen  this  Bout  to  take  their  Turns  in  the  Service 
Abroad,  were  many  of  them  young,  raw,  and  unexperienced  Soldiers, 
who  were  not  able  to  look  Danger,  much  less  Death,  in  the  Face,  in 
cool  Blood,  by  which  means  it  came  to  pass  that  the  Enterprise  suc¬ 
ceeded  so  ill ;  for  Captain  Swett  with  Lieutenant  Richardson,  that  was 
sent  with  him  to  command  the  friendly  Indians,  coming  to  Black  Point, 
June  "28th,  he  began  to  try  the  Valor  and  Courage  of  his  Company 
before  he  had  disciplined  them,  or  had  any  Experience  of  their  Ability 
to  fight.  The  very  next  morning  after  he  had  landed  his  men,  under¬ 
standing  by  his  Scouts  that  many  of  the  Enemies  were  up  and  down 
upon  the  Place,  he  made  too  much  Haste  to  fall  upon  them,  and  not 
mistrusting  their  Number,  while  he  was  marching  up  the  Edge  of  an 
Hill  with  one  Party,  and  his  Lieutenant  with  another,  the  Indians, 
that  had  hid  themselves  in  the  Swamp  on  each  Side  of  the  Hill,  suddenly 
fired  upon  the  English  on  both  Sides,  which  not  a  little  discouraged 
his  young  and  undisciplined  Company,  so  as  they  could  not,  or  did  not 
keep  their  Ranks,  but  while  some  were  ready  to  run  and  shift  for  them¬ 
selves,  the  Captain  strived  to  keep  them  together,  to  bring  off  the 
dead  and  wounded  men,  so  long  that  he  brought  himself  and  all  the 
Company  in  Danger  of  an  utter  Overthrow,  which  soon  after  took 
place ;  for  the  poor  unskilful  Soldiers,  being  scattered,  were  shifting 
for  themselves,  while  a  few  resolute  Men  of  Courage  bore  the  Brunt 
of  the  Service  till  they  were  in  a  Manner  all  knocked  down.  The 
Lieutenant  was  killed  soon  after  the  first  Onset;  the  Captain  having 
received  near  twenty  Wounds,  yet  still  held  out  defending  and  encourag¬ 
ing;  his  Men,  till  he  was  surrounded  with  more  of  his  enemies  than  he 
was  able  to  grapple  with,  and  so  was  at  the  last  barbarously  murdered 
by  them  within  a  little  of  the  Garrison-house.  There  were  slain  at 
this  Time  somewhat  above  forty  of  the  English,  and  twelve  of  the 
friendly  Indians  that  assisted,  very  few  escaping  but  were  either  killed 
right  out  or  dangerously  wounded. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  names  of  very  few  of  all  who  fell 
in  this  disastrous  encounter  have  been  preserved.  Besides  Capt. 
Swett  and  Lieut.  Richardson,  the  records  of  Andover  give  the 
names  of  four  who  went  from  that  town  who  were  killed,  John 


CAPT.  SWBTT  AT  BLACKPOINT. 


345 


Parker,  James  Parker,  John  Phelps  and  Daniel  Blanchard;  and 
I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  further  names  elsewhere.  Mr. 
G.  A.  Churchill,  in  his  researches,  has  found  that  Benjamin  Rock- 
wood  was  of  this  company,  and  still  living  in  1742.  The  journal 
of  the  treasurer  covering  this  period  is  lost.  It  seems  from  all 
available  references  that  about  ninety  English  and  Indians,  under 
Capt.  Swett  and  Lieut.  James  Richardson,  were  engaged  in  the 
fight  at  Blackpoint;  but  the  number  of  Indians  given  by  Mr. 
Hubbard  as  in  the  expedition  is  not  confirmed  by  other  evidence. 

In  Major  Daniel  Gookin’s  “  History  of  the  Christian  Indians,” 
he  says : 

In  June,  1677,  another  expedition  into  the  Eastern  parts,  among 
whom  were  about  36  of  our  Christian  Indians,  who  were  in  a  fight  near 
Black  point ;  the  English  lost  about  forty  men  whereof  were  eight  of 
our  friendly  Indians,  the  greatest  loss  our  [Christian]  Indians  sus¬ 
tained  all  the  war. 

This  seems  to  imply  that  the  eight  Indians  are  a  part  of  the 
forty  that  were  slain,  and  also  that  but  thirty-six  Indians  were  in 
the  command. 

The  instructions  given  in  making  up  the  force  of  his  Lieutenant 
also  give  additional  light. 

Order  of  the  Council,  June  15th,  1677. 

It  is  reffered  to  Major  Gookin  forthwith  to  Suply  Leift.  Richardson 
&  his  pty  at  Chelmsford  with  provision  Ammunition  &  app1  necessary 
&  to  order  him  to  scout  &  range  ye  woods  between  Merrimack  &  Pas- 
catawq  River  &  endeavour  to  kill  and  sease  ye  Lurking  enemy  in  those 
parts  for  wch  the  Major  is  ordered  to  encourage  ym  wth  a  reward  of 
twenty  shillings  for  every  scalpe  &  forty  shillings  for  every  prisoner  or 
ye  prisoner.  And  also  to  make  up  in  number  25  men,  &  to  order  ym 
after  some  time  spent  there,  to  mrch  to  Blackpoint  garison  &  Their  to 
bee  at  ye  ordering  of  Liftenant  Tipping  until  further  order  from  the 
Council  the  time  of  Randevous  at  Blackpoint  is  to  bee  the  26  of  this 
Instant  June  if  possible. 

Past.  Edwd  Rawson,  Secretary. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  69,  p.  129. 

If  these  instructions  were  carried  out,  Lieut.  Richardson  and 
his  Indians  from  Chelmsford  marched  overland  to  Blackpoint, 
and  evidently  arrived  there  before  the  hostile  Indians  had  come 
from  the  Kennebec  and  Androscoggin.  The  vessels  were  a  day 
behind  the  appointed  time  in  arriving.  In  making  up  his  force 
for  scouting  the  woods  from  Blackpoint  to  Saco,  and  in  the 
vicinity,  Capt.  Swett  had  no  thought  of  the  large  numbers 
of  the  enemy  that  were  actually  near  them ;  so  that  when  he 
had  drawn  out  his  English  to  the  number  of  forty,  and  his  Lieu¬ 
tenant’s  force  of  thirty-six,  and  some  of  the  Blackpoint  men  of 
Sergt.  Tippen’s  command  joined,  he  mustered  in  all  a  com- 


346 


king  philip’s  war. 


pany  of  ninety.  It  is  said  that  a  large  decoy  body  of  the  enemy 
showed  themselves  and  succeeded  in  drawing  both  the  commands 
into  an  ambush  contrived  with  their  usual  cunning,  and  blindly 
walked  into,  in  the  usual  manner  of  the  English  from  the  first; 
and  the  story  of  “  Bloody-Brook,”  “  Beers  Plain,”  “  Brookfield  ” 
and  “Sudbury,”  is  again  repeated,  and  the  simple  old  Indian  de¬ 
vice  of  decoy  and  ambush  again  overwhelms  our  forces  and  sends 
dismay  through  all  the  colonies.  But  the  Indians  never  risked  a 
battle  on  any  other  chance ;  and  if  their  device  had  not  succeeded 
here,  would  doubtless  have  disappeared,  and  the  report  would  have 
been  that  our  forces  “could  not  come  up  with  them.”  As  it  was, 
the  Indians  made  no  further  attempt  at  that  time,  and  probably 
suffered  severely  in  the  running  fight,  of  which  no  details  have 
been  handed  down.  The  Indians  withdrew  at  the  time,  but  in 
July  following  began  the  depredations  upon  the  fishermen  along 
the  Eastern  coast,  and  by  midsummer  had  captured  no  less  than 
thirteen  vessels  from  Salem  alone.  They  soon  abandoned  this 
enterprise,  however,  as  they  could  not  manage  any  craft  that 
could  not  be  worked  with  paddles.  About  this  time,  Governor 
Andros,  of  New  York,  interfered,  and  sent  a  vessel  with  a  force 
to  Pemaquid  and  vicinity  and  effected  a  cessation  of  hostilities. 

Lieut.  James  Richardson  was  first  of  Woburn,  but  in  1659 
removed  to  Chelmsford,  and  there  married,  November  28,  1660, 
Bridget  Henchman,  daughter  of  Thomas,  and  by  her  had  eight 
children  or  more.  He  was  with  Capt.  Wheeler  in  the  defence  of 
Brookfield,  and  with  Simon  Davis,  of  Concord,  and  John  Fiske, 
was  appointed  by  the  Captain,  who  was  disabled  by  his  wounds, 
to  manage  the  defence.  He  was  afterwards  active  in  the  war; 
removed  to  Charlestown,  May  1,  1676,  and  served  as  Lieutenant 
with  Capt.  Samuel  Hunting  in  his  mixed  English  and  Indian 
company  in  the  summer  and  fall  of  that  year  at  Pawtucket  Falls 
(now  Lowell),  where  they  built  a  fortification  and  maintained  a 
garrison,  of  which  Lieut.  Richardson  was  left  in  charge  as  well  as 
of  the  Christian  Indians  at  Chelmsford.  He  was  well  acquainted 
with  Indian  ways,  and  had  great  influence  with  them. 


Credited  under  Lieut.  Benjamin  Swett. 


June  24th,  1676. 

Thomas  Allin 

01 

17 

06 

Thomas  Hartshorn 

00 

12 

00 

Henry  Kemball 

01 

09 

04 

Samuel  Hutchins 

02 

04 

06 

Benjamin  Greely 

01 

00 

06 

Nathaniel  Hazeltine 

01 

00 

06 

Jonathan  Henrick 

00 

15 

04 

Samuel  Aires 

00 

08 

06 

John  Corly 

00 

15 

04 

John  Keizer 

00 

08 

06 

John  Roby 

00 

08 

06 

John  Clement 

00 

08 

06 

Thomas  Kingsby 

02 

04 

04 

Philip  Esman 

00 

15 

04 

Robert  Swan 

01 

04 

00 

Benjamin  Singleterry 

00 

15 

04 

John  Hazletine 

01 

04 

00 

Thomas  Durston 

00 

17 

10 

Samuel  Watts 

00 

13 

06 

Thomas  Eastman 

01 

04 

00 

Joseph  Bond 

00 

13 

06 

CAPT.  MICHAEL  PEIRSE,  OF  SCITUATE. 


347 


James  Smith 

05 

08 

00 

Denis  Sihy 

04 

01 

00 

John  Cann 

02 

14 

00 

Benjamin  Allin 

02 

00 

10 

John  Winslow 

02 

14 

10 

Benjamin  Dyer 

02 

14 

00 

John  Coarser 

02 

14 

00 

John  Hicks 

01 

00 

06 

John  Plimpton 

02 

14 

00 

John  Ross 

02 

14 

00 

William  Burt 

00 

09 

04 

John  Norton 

02 

07 

00 

Rich.  Hawkins 

02 

14 

10 

John  Veales 

02 

01 

00 

William  Philips 

02 

14 

00 

James  Franklin 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Davis 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Davis 

03 

03 

00 

James  Wamsly 

02 

14 

00 

Frances  Burges 

02 

14 

00 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  above  credits  are  given  a  year 
before  this  final  service,  for  which  I  have  not  as  yet  found  any 
credit  anywhere  recorded. 


CAPT.  MICHAEL  PEIRSE  AND  HIS  COMPANY,  OF  PLYMOUTH 

COLONY. 

Michael  Peirse,  or  Peirce,  was  of  Hingham  from  1646  to  1663, 
but  removed  to  Scituate  soon  after.  His  children,  named  in  his 
will  of  1675,  just  before  going  to  the  war,  were  Persis,  Benjamin, 
John,  Ephraim,  Elizabeth,  Deborah,  Ann,  Abia  and  Ruth.  His 
first  wife  died  in  1662,  and  he  married  a  second  wife,  Ann,  at 
Scituate.  Hon.  Henry  B.  Peirce,  late  Secretary  of  State  of  Mas¬ 
sachusetts,  is  a  lineal  descendant  of  Capt.  Michael  Peirse. 
Michael  Peirse  was  appointed  ensign  of  a  company  raised  in 
Plymouth  Colony  to  go  against  the  Dutch,  in  December,  1673, 
and  captain  of  the  company  raised  in  the  spring  of  1675-6  as 
hereinafter  told.  It  may  be  said  here  that  as  this  was  a  Plymouth 
Colony  Company,  the  lists  of  credits  of  the  Treasurer,  which  are 
nearly  complete  for  Massachusetts  Colony,  are  not  found  as  yet 
in  Plymouth  or  Connecticut,  so  that  we  have  to  depend  upon 
chance  lists  found  here  and  there,  and  the  lists  of  “  Narraganset 
Grantees,”  published  in  full  for  the  first  time  in  this  volume  - 
We  have  learned  above  of  the  general  situation  of  affairs  in  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  Colony,  in  March,  1676. 

The  intention  of  the  Indians  was  evidently  to  distract  the  at¬ 
tention  of  the  English  by  striking  heavy  blows  in  distant  parts  of 
the  colonies.  Connecticut  was  protected  by  the  presence  of  the 
Mohegins  and  Pequods,  whom  the  hostile  Indians  dreaded  far 
more  than  the  English,  as  they  were  their  equals  in  woodcraft 
and  Indian  tactics.  After  the  attack  upon  Medfield,  the  attack¬ 
ing  party  advanced  into  Plymouth  Colony,  and  probably  formed 
a  junction  with  another  body,  doubtless  with  the  purpose  of  con¬ 
centrating  a  great  force  upon  some  of  the  larger  towns,  while 
smaller  bodies  kept  making  demonstrations  here  and  there  upon 
some  smaller  places.  On  February  25th,  they  assaulted  Wey¬ 
mouth,  and  burned  seven  or  eight  houses  and  barns.  On  March 
12th  they  pushed  even  into  Plymouth  town,  and  destroyed 


348 


king  philip’s  war. 

Clark’s  Garrison  House,  about  two  miles  from  Plymouth  village, 
with  eleven  persons  within  it,  plundered  the  provisions,  a  quan¬ 
tity  of  ammunition,  and  quite  a  sum  of  money,  without  a  single 
man  lost  or  wounded.  Another  party  suddenly  assaulted  War¬ 
wick  on  March  16th  or  17th,  and  destroyed  nearly  all  the  houses, 
though  the  people  escaped.  Nearly  all  the  detached  houses  in 
the  Narraganset  country  were  attacked  and  destroyed  within  a 
few  weeks,  and  many  of  the  large  towns  were  threatened. 

Plymouth  Colony,  on  February  8,  1675-6,  had  ordered  a  com¬ 
pany  of  men  to  be  impressed  from  the  southern  towns  of  the 
colony,  and  on  the  29th  the  Council  ordered  “  that  the  Souldiers 
now  under  Presse,  from  the  Southern  Towns,  be  at  Plymouth  on 
Wednesday  the  8th  of  this  Instant  (March)  in  order  unto  a 
further  March,  and  with  them  20  or  30  of  the  Southern  Indians, 
whoe  together  with  the  other  whoe  are  under  Presse  to  goe  forth 
under  the  Command  of  Captain  Michael  Peirse  and  Lieftenant 
Samuell  Fuller.”  The  force  probably  got  ready  sometime  in  the 
middle  of  March.  “Capt.  Amos,”  a  Wampanoag  Indian  who 
refused  to  follow  with  Philip  and  joined  the  friendly  Indians, 
was  in  command  of  the  Cape  Indians  in  Capt.  Peirse’s  company, 
and  also  acted  as  guide  to  the  whole  force.  The  command 
marched  to  Seekonk,  where  they  arrived  March  25th,  and  that 
day  had  a  skirmish  with  a  party  of  Indians  in  the  vicinity,  whom 
they  pursued  until  night  and  supposed  they  had  seriously  dam¬ 
aged.  Retiring  to  the  Garrison  House  at  Seekonk  that  night, 
early  on  the  next  day,  Sunday,  March  26th,  the  forces,  increased 
by  several  from  Seekonk  as  guides,  started  again  in  pursuit  of 
the  enemy;  and  soon  came  across  a  few  Indians  who  showed 
themselves  in  the  distance  and  seemed  to  be  trying  to  get  away, 
but  to  be  impeded  by  lameness.  The  English  as  usual  were  lured 
to  rush  forward,  and  in  spite  of  former  experiences  and  the 
warnings  of  the  Indian  allies,  they  soon  found  themselves  in  an 
ambuscade.  Though  not  taken  entirely  by  surprise  by  the  old 
trick,  which  he  believed  his  company  was  strong  enough  to  fight 
through,  Capt.  Peirse  was  entirely  deceived  by  the  numbers  of 
the  Indians.  He  was  a  brave  officer,  and  supposing  he  had  a 
large  body,  perhaps  twice  his  own  number,  at  bay,  he  fearlessly 
attacked  them  even  at  great  disadvantage.  The  Indians  did  not 
discover  their  full  numbers  until  they  had  drawn  the  English 
across  a  small  river,  to  some  distance,  when  the  attempt  was 
evidently  made  to  surround  him.  This  forced  him  back  upon 
the  bank  of  the  river,  where  he  found  himself  attacked  in  the 
rear  by  a  large  party  sent  to  cut  him  off.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  Capt.  Peirse  was  out-generalled,  as  well  as  vastly  out¬ 
numbered,  and,  like  the  brave  man  that  he  was,  he  fought  it  out 
till  he  fell,  with  his  brave  men  around  him.  Before  leaving  the 
garrison  in  the  morning  Capt.  Peirse  had  sent  a  messenger  to 
Capt.  Edmunds  of  Providence,  asking  him  to  cooperate  in  an 


CAPT.  PEIRSE’S  COMPANY  DESTROYED. 


349 


attack  upon  a  large  body  of  Indians  then  at  Pawtucket  Falls ; 
the  messenger,  however,  did  not  deliver  his  message  until  after 
the  morning  service  (it  being  Sunday),  when  Capt.  Edmunds 
indignantly  berated  him,  declaring  that  it  was  then  too  late,  as  it 
proved.  It  is  doubtful  if  a  company  from  Providence  could  have 
saved  Capt.  Peirse  and  his  men  after  they  crossed  the  river,  as 
with  their  great  numbers  the  Indians  were  able  to  beset  every 
approach  to  the  battle-field,  and  choose  their  ground. 

It  is  doubtful  if  during  the  war  the  English  had  come  face  to 
face  in  the  open  field  with  so  large  and  so  well-organized  a  force 
of  the  Indians.  Canonchet  doubtless  directed  the  operations  in 
this  campaign  in  person,  and  was  assisted  by  the  ablest  chiefs 
and  the  best  warriors,  picked  from  all  the  tribes.  It  was  a  signal 
victory  for  the  Indians,  and  it  confirmed  Canonchet  as  the  mili¬ 
tary  leader  before  all  others.  Great  stores  of  corn  had  been 
opened  up  and  sent  northward,  with  the  plunder  from  the 
assaulted  towns  ;  heavy  blows  had  been  struck  against  the  towns  ; 
the  non-combatants,  the  infirm  and  helpless  were  safe  in  the  vast 
forests  stretching  from  beyond  Quabaog  to  Canada,  and  were 
guarded  by  a  strong  reserve.  He  with  his  stout  chiefs  and  their 
bands  of  loyal  warriors  were  therefore  free  to  carry  the  war  into 
all  parts  of  the  colonies;  the  great  expedition  under  Major  Savage 
against  Menameset,  etc.,  had  been  completely  frustrated,  and 
now  this  brilliant  victory,  as  they  counted  it,  had  carried  terror 
and  dismay  to  the  southern  towns.  Canonchet  may  well  have 
dreamed  of  reconquering  his  native  dominions,  and  doubtless 
believed  that  he  could  now  reestablish  his  people  there.  Fearless 
by  nature,  and  feeling  secure  from  invasion,  he  was  waiting,  at 
his  headquarters  not  far  from  Pawtucket,  with  but  few  guards, 
having  out  large  scouting  parties  scouring  the  country ;  and  a 
very  large  part  of  his  force  had  doubtless  gone  to  the  northward, 
with  forage,  plunder,  and  the  dead  and  wounded  from  the  battle 
with  Capt.  Peirse,  of  whom  the  number  was  probably  more 
than  one  hundred.  The  loss  on  the  part  of  the  English  was  fifty- 
two  of  the  English  and  eleven  of  the  friendly  Indians.  From 
the  letter  of  Rev.  Noah  Newman,  of  Rehoboth,  written  the  day 
after  the  battle,  we  get  the  names  of  those  killed  of  Capt. 
Peirse’s  company. 


Capt.  Pierce, 

John  Lothrope, 
Thomas  Savery, 
Jeremiah  Barstow, 
Joseph  Perry, 


From  Scituate,  15  Slain. 


Samuel  Russell, 
Gershom  Dodson, 
Joseph  Wade, 
John  Ensign, 
John  Rowse, 


Benjamin  Chittenden, 
Samuel  Pratt, 

William  Wilcome, 
Joseph  Cowen, 


Thomas  Little, 
John  Burrows, 
John  Low, 


Marshfield,  9  Slain. 
John  Earns, 

Joseph  Phillips, 

More - ? 


Joseph  White, 
Samuel  Bump, 
John  Brance. 


350 


king  philip’s  war. 


John  Sprague, 

Duxbury,  4  Slain. 
Benjamin  Soal, 
Joshua  Fobes. 

Thomas  Hunt, 

Benjamin  Nye, 

Sandwich,  5  Slain. 
Daniel  Bessey, 

Caleb  Blake, 

John  Gibbs,  Stephen  Wing. 

Barnstable,  6  Slain. 

Lieut.  Fuller,  John  Lewis,  Eleazer  Clapp, 

Samuel  Linnet,  Samuel  Childs,  Samuel  Bereman. 

Yarmouth,  5  Slain. 

John  Mathews,  John  Gage,  William  Gage, 

Henry  Gage,  Henry  Gold. 

Eastham,  3  Slain. 

Joseph  Nessefield,  John  Walker,  John  M - . 

[Rehoboth?],  2  Slain. 

John  Fitz,  Jr.,  John  Miller,  Jr. 

The  paper  is  much  worn  and  mutilated,  so  that  the  names  of 
several  are  lost.  It  is  said  that  Miller  and  Fitz  were  of  Reho¬ 
both,  and  probably  others.  Seven  or  eight  names  are  needed,  in 
addition,  to  make  up  the  fifty-five. 

In  a  chart  of  the  descendants  of  John  Read  of  Rehoboth,  pub¬ 
lished  by  Orin  Read  of  Providence  in  1859,  it  is  stated  that  John 
Read’s  second  son,  John  Read,  Jr.,  was  one  of  the  Rehoboth  sol¬ 
diers  killed  in  this  fight. 


XXV. 


BRIEF  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  LAN¬ 
CASTER,  AND  NAMES  CREDITED  WITH  MILITARY 
SERVICE  AT  THE  VARIOUS  OTHER  GARRISONS. 


OF  the  many  garrisons  occupied  by  the  English  during  the 
war,  the  importance  varied  according  to  the  movements  of 
the  army.  Marlborough,  for  instance,  was,  during  the 
most  of  the  war,  a  rendezvous  and  general  headquarters,  and 
thus  it  was  necessary  to  devote  an  entire  chapter  to  that,  and  the 
operations  thereabout.  Mendon,  Brookfield,  Hadley,  Northamp¬ 
ton  and  several  others  later,  like  Scarborough  and  Wells,  became 
prominent  by  their  position  as  frontiers,  or  as  supply  and  recruit¬ 
ing  stations.  It  will  be  understood  that  these  items  of  credit 
occur  in  the  Treasurer’s  book  mixed  with  other  credits  under  the 
various  officers,  etc.,  and  not  consecutively,  as  presented  here. 
These  garrisons  are  arranged  alphabetically  by  names  of  places, 
for  the  convenience  of  the  reader ;  and  for  the  same  reason,  two 
lists  already  given  in  previous  chapters  are  reprinted  here.  The 
Lancaster  garrison  is  an  exception  to  the  above  rule,  as  it  seems 
to  demand  a  fuller  notice. 

The  Nashaway  Indians  were  the  native  inhabitants  of  the 
country  bordering  upon  the  Nashua  river.  The  name  of  the 
sachem  of  this  tribe,  at  the  first  settlement  by  the  English,  was 
Nashacowam,  alias  Nashoonan,  alias  Sholan.  The  bounds  of  his 
dominion  are  not  exactly  defined.  His  death  is  recorded  in  1654. 
The  first  settlement  by  the  English  was  begun  with  the  estab¬ 
lishment  of  a  trucking-house,  in  1643,  by  Henry  Symonds  and 
Thomas  King.  In  1675  it  was  one  of  the  most  prosperous  of  the 
inland  plantations.  Up  to  the  opening  of  Philip’s  war,  there 
had  never  been  any  serious  trouble  with  the  Nashaway  Indians. 
In  common  with  other  tribes  they  were  stirred  up  by  the  agents 
of  Philip,  and  during  the  fall  and  winter  of  1675  and  ’76  were 
doubtless  actively  engaged  with  the  hostiles.  Shoshanim,  whom 
the  English  called  “  Sam  Sachem,”  was  sagamore  of  the  tribe  at 
this  time.  The  story  of  the  attacks  upon  Lancaster  has  been  told 
elsewhere,  except  the  first,  which  occurred  on  Sunday,  August 
20,  1675.  This  was  five  days  after  Capt.  Mosely  had  marched 
his  company  into  the  town.  This  attack  was  a  sudden  raid  of  a 


352 


king  philip’s  war. 


large  party  of  Indians,  led  by  a  Nipmuck  chief  named  Monoco, 
or  “One-eyed  John.”  The  point  of  attack  was  the  house  of  a 
Scotch  settler,  Mordecai  Macloud,  at  the  North  end  of  the  town, 
near  what  is  now  the  North  Cemetery.  Seven  persons  were 
killed  at  this  time,  viz.,  Mordecai  Macloud  and  his  wife  Lydia, 
a  daughter  Hannah,  aged  four  years,  and  an  infant  child ;  also 
George  Bennet,  who  left  a  widow  and  five  small  children ;  Jacob 
Farrar,  Jr.,  who  left  a  widow  and  four  children ;  and  two  men, 
Joseph  Wheeler  and  William  Flagg,  probably  detailed  as  guards 
to  the  house.  After  this  bloody  affair,  the  people  were  gathered 
into  garrison-houses,  and  strong  guards  placed  about  for  a  time. 
Several  friendly  Indians,  in  the  employ  of  the  Council  at  Boston, 
went  among  the  hostile  Indians  about  Brookfield  and  Wachuset 
as  spies,  and  one  of  these,  James  Quanapohit,  January  24,  1675- 
6,  brought  home  to  the  Council  a  full  and  detailed  report  of  the 
plan  of  the  hostiles  for  the  destruction  of  Lancaster,  and  even 
the  day  appointed.  But  the  authorities  paid  little  heed  to  his 
story.  The  Lancaster  people,  however,  became  alarmed,  and 
appealed  to  the  Council  for  assistance,  which  was  being  tardily 
attended  to  when  the  blow  fell,  just  as  predicted  by  James,  and 
told  by  Job  Kattenanit,  another  Christian  Indian  spy,  who  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  escaping  from  the  hostiles  at  Meminimisset,  and, 
travelling  upon  snow-shoes  eighty  miles,  came  to  Major  Gookin’s 
house,  on  January  9th,  in  a  nearly  famished  condition,  and  re¬ 
ported  that  a  party  of  four  hundred  Indians  were  already  on  the 
way  to  destroy  Lancaster.  Major  Gookin  immediately  arose  upon 
this  alarm,  and  consulting  with  Mr.  Danforth,  a  member  of  the 
council,  messengers  were  at  once  despatched  to  Marlborough, 
Concord  and  Lancaster,  to  fortify  the  town  with  all  speed.  The 
messenger  reached  Marlborough  at  daybreak,  and  Capt.  Wads¬ 
worth  marched  away  with  a  company  of  forty  men.  Before  they 
arrived  at  Lancaster,  the  enemy  had  burned  the  bridge,  by  the 
regular  road ;  but  the  guides  conducted  them  by  another  way  so 
that  they  were  able  to  escape  the  ambush  laid  for  them  by  the 
enemy,  and  hastily  repairing  a  partially  burned  bridge,  they  suc¬ 
ceeded  in  driving  off  a  party  already  attacking  the  garrison- 
house  of  Mr.  Cyprian  Stevens,  and  in  saving  that,  and  a  part  of 
the  town  from  destruction,  as  heretofore  mentioned.  Another 
garrison-house,  that  of  Rev.  Joseph  Rowlandson,  the  minister, 
was  assaulted  and  burned,  and  of  all  the  thirty-seven  persons  with¬ 
in  it,  only  one  escaped  death  or  captivity ;  some  authorities  at  the 
time  gave  the  number  as  forty-two,  but  the  most  reliable  says 
thirty-seven.  Rev.  Mr.  Rowlandson  was  at  Boston,  trying  to 
secure  a  force  sufficient  to  protect  the  town  from  the  threatened 
attack. 

From  Mr.  H.  S.  Nourse’s  “  Early  Records  of  Lancaster  ”  I  take 
the  following  list,  which  is  probably  the  most  complete  and  cor¬ 
rect  now  obtainable : 


CAPTIVES  AND  SLAIN  AT  LANCASTER. 


353 


A  List  of  those  killed  and  made  captive  at  the  Rowlandson  garrison- 
house  in  Lancaster,  Feb’y  10,  1675-6. 


KILLED  IN  THE  ASSAULT. 

Ensign  John  Divoll,  Josiah  Divoll,  John’s  son,  aged  7.  Daniel  Gains. 
Abraham  Joslin,  aged  26.  John  MacLoud.  Thomas  Rowlandson, 
aged  19. 

John  Kettle,  aged  36.  John  Kettle  jr.  Joseph  Kettle,  son  of  John, 
aged  10. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Kerley,  wife  of  Lieut.  Henry.  William  Kerley,  son  of 
Lieut.  Henry,  aged  17.  Joseph  Kerley,  son  of  Lieut.  Henry,  aged  7. 
Mrs.  Priscilla  Roper,  wife  of  Ephriam.  Priscilla,  child  of  Ephriam, 
aged  3. 

CARRIED  AWAY  CAPTIVE. 

Mrs.  Mary  Rowlandson,  wife  of  the  minister,  ransomed. 

Mary  Rowlandson,  daughter  of  the  minister,  aged  10,  ransomed. 

Sarah  Rowlandson,  “  “  “  “  “  6,  wounded  &  died 

Feb.  18. 

Joseph  Rowlandson,  son  “  “  “  “  13,  ransomed. 

Mrs.  Hannah  Divoll,  wife  of  Ensign  John,  ransomed. 

John  Divoll,  son  of  Ensign  John,  aged  12,  died  in  captivity? 

William  Divoll,  son  of  “  “  “  4,  ransomed. 

Hannah  Divoll,  daughter  of  “  “  “  9,  died  in  captivity? 

Mrs.  Ann  Joslin,  wife  of  Abraham,  killed  in  captivity. 

Beatrice  Joslin,  dau.  “  “  “  “  “ 

Joseph  Joslin,  brother  of  “  aged  18. 

Henry  Kerley,  son  of  Lieut.  Henry,  aged  18. 

Hannah  Kerley,  dau.  “  “  “  “  13. 

Mary  Kerley,  “  “  “  “  “  10. 

Martha  Kerley,  “  “  “  “  “  4. 

A  Kerley  child,  “  “  “  name  and  age  unknown. 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Kettle,  wife  of  John,  ransomed. 

Sarah  Kettle,  daughter  “  “  aged  14,  escaped. 

Jonathan  Kettle,  son  “  “  aged  5. 

A  Kettle  child,  a  daughter  “  “ 

Ephraim  Roper  escaped  during  the  assault. 

OTHERS  KILLED  OR  TAKEN  OUTSIDE  THE  GARRISON,  IN  THE  SOUTH  PART 

OF  THE  TOWN. 

John  Ball,  Elizabeth  his  wife,  and  their  infant  child. 

Jonas  Fairbank,  and  Joshua  his  son,  aged  15. 

Henry  Farrar,  Ephraim  Sawyer,  aged  26,  and  Richard  Wheeler. 

A  man  mentioned  by  Mrs.  Rowlandson,  but  no  name  given. 

TAKEN  CAPTIVE. 

Two  of  the  family  of  John  Ball,  names  unknown. 

Mrs.  Rowlandson  says  that  “  of  tbirty-seven  persons  who  were 


354 


king  philip’s  war. 


in  this  one  house,  none  escaped  either  present  death  or  a  bitter 
captivity,  save  only  one.”  This  one  was  Ephraim  Roper,  above- 
mentioned. 

Mrs.  Rowlandson  must  be  considered  the  very  highest  au¬ 
thority,  as  she  was  a  part  of  the  story,  which  she  afterwards 
published,  and  which  affords  almost  the  only  reliable  information 
we  have  of  the  condition,  plans  and  movements  of  the  hostile 
Indians,  during  that  dreadful  winter  of  1675-6.  Her  story  is 
simply,  yet  graphically,  told,  and  we  learn  many  things  about 
the  habits  and  customs  of  the  Indians,  their  ways  of  subsisting, 
treatment  of  captives,  manners,  dress,  diversions,  etc.,  which  is 
nowhere  else  given. 

Rev.  Mr.  Rowlandson  sought  the  aid  of  the  Council  in  his 
efforts  to  redeem  the  captives,  many  of  whom  were  his  own 
kindred.  At  first  it  was  impossible  to  find  any  one  of  the  friendly 
Indians  willing  to  venture  as  messengers  among  the  hostiles, 
mainly  because  they  had  been  so  cruelly  and  shamefully  abused 
by  the  English  and  were  now  confined  at  Deer  Island,  where 
they  could  not  be  accused  or  placed  under  suspicion.  At  last, 
however,  one  Tom  Dublet,  or  Nepanet,  consented  to  go,  and  was 
fitted  and  instructed  by  Major  Gookin,  and  upon  April  3d  started 
from  Cambridge,  and  returned  with  the  answer  of  the  Sachems 
on  April  12th.  The  correspondence  between  the  Council  and 
the  Sachems  is  still  preserved,  in  part,  though  the  original 
letters  are  lost.  The  messenger  brought  back  word  from  Sam 
Sachem,  Kutquen  and  Quanohit,  Samuel  Uskatuhgun  and  Gun- 
rashit,  Sagamores,  and  owners  of  the  captives,  that  all  the  cap¬ 
tives  taken  at  Lancaster  were  well  except  the  youngest  of  Mr. 
Rowlandson,  who  was  dead.  At  last,  after  many  negotiations  by 
the  faithful  Nepanet,  Mr.  John  Hoar,  of  Concord,  who,  more 
than  any  man  in  the  colony,  had  the  confidence  of  the  Indians, 
accompanied  by  Nepanet,  and  another  friendly  Indian,  “Peter 
Conway,”  and  bearing  the  ransom,  twenty  pounds  in  money  and 
goods,  raised  by  several  gentlemen  for  the  redemption  of  Mrs. 
Rowlandson,  met  the  Sachems  near  Wachusett  Hill,  and  on  May 
2d  received  and  conducted  that  lady  to  Lancaster,  and  the  next 
day  to  Boston.  The  other  captives  were  redeemed  at  various 
times  and  places  afterwards. 

The  place  where  Mr.  Hoar  met  the  Sachems  is  well  identified, 
being  marked  by  a  large  rock  called  “  Redemption  Rock,”  a  noble 
landmark  near  the  ancient  Indian  trail,  between  Lancaster  and 
Mount  Wachusett,  and  in  the  present  town  of  Princeton,  on 
the  easterly  side  of  a  beautiful  valley,  across  which,  in  the  dis¬ 
tance,  towers  Mount  Wachusett.  The  locality  is  known  as 
“  Everettville,”  from  the  name  of  an  ancient  family  who  have 
lived  here  for  generations.  In  1880,  Hon.  Geo.  F.  Hoar,  of 
Worcester,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  chief  actor  in  this  transac¬ 
tion,  for  the  English,  purchased  the  land  containing  this  site,  and 


“  REDEMPTION  ROCK.”  355 

set  it  apart  for  memorial  purposes,  and  caused  the  following 
inscription  to  be  placed  upon  the  face  of  the  rock : 

UPON  THIS  ROCK  MAY  2d  1676 
WAS  MADE  THE  AGREEMENT  FOR  THE  RANSOM 
OF  MRS.  MARY  ROWLANDSON  OF  LANCASTER 
BETWEEN  THE  INDIANS  AND  JOHN  HOAR  OF  CONCORD. 

KING  PHILIP  WAS  WITH  THE  INDIANS  BUT 
REFUSED  HIS  CONSENT. 

The  writer  visited  this  rock  and  copied  this  inscription,  May 
13,  1896,  in  company  with  Mr.  Edward  G.  Davis  of  Leominster, 
who  secured  several  fine  photographs  of  the  rock  and  sur¬ 
roundings.  The  inhabitants  of  Lancaster  fled  from  their  town 
after  its  destruction,  and  were  scattered  among  their  friends  in 
various  towns  nearer  to  Boston,  but  within  a  few  years  many  had 
returned  and  begun  the  resettlement. 


CREDITED  AT  LANCASTER  GARRISON. 


October  19,  1675. 

Peter  Jennings 

00  18  00 

Thomas  Wenmon 

01 

04 

00 

Joseph  French 

01  03  03 

Richard  Grous 

01 

04 

00 

Walter  Davis 

00  18  00 

Thomas  Whitney 

01 

10 

00 

John  Nash 

01  04  00 

Henry  Elliott 

03 

00 

00 

George  Wiatt 

01  04  00 

Joseph  Birch 

00 

06 

00 

Edward  Young 

01  04  00 

November  30,  1675. 

Michael  Berstow 

01  16  00 

John  Beare 

01 

16 

00 

Stephen  Parker 

01  14  02 

Munnings  Sawyer 

01 

16 

00 

Palsgrave  Wellington 

01  16  00 

George  Wyatt 

01 

04 

00 

Henry  Salter 

01  16  00 

December  20,  1675. 

Thomas  Wenmon 

01  16  00 

Peter  Jennings 

03 

07 

08 

Walter  Davis 

01  16  00 

Thomas  Whitney 

00 

12 

00 

January  25,  1675-6. 

John  Roberts 

03  01  08 

Francis  Nichols 

01 

10 

00 

Stephen  Fish 

03  00  00 

Thomas  Woods 

00 

18 

00 

Nathaniel  Hadlock 

03  01  08 

Walter  Davis 

01 

03 

02 

John  Fitch 

03  01  08 

Henry  Salter 

01 

08 

02 

John  Stanwood 

03  01  08 

Munning  Sawen 

01 

15 

02 

Zacharia  Eyres 

03  01  08 

Palsgrave  Willington 

01 

15 

02 

Stephen  Parker 

03  01  08 

Michael  Bairstow 

00 

19 

08 

February  29,  1675-6. 

Francis  Nichols 

00  18  00 

Edward  Young 

01 

18 

06 

Thomas  Marble 

01  18  06 

John  Nash 

01 

18 

06 

356 


king  philip’s  war. 


April  24,  1676. 

William  Pashle  04  16  00 

June  24,  1676. 

Henry  Sparkes  01  16  10 

AT  THE  GARRISON  AT  BILLERICA. 

November  30,  1675. 


John  Boyd 

03  00  00 

Joseph  Dowse 

02  14  00 

James  Poply 

03  00  00 

William  Chapman 

03  06  00 

Thomas  Welch 

02  14  00 

David  Jones 

03  00  00 

December  20,  1675. 

John  Gale 

03  01  08 

James  Smith 

00  07  08 

John  Essery 

03  06  00 

Daniel  Baldwin 

03  00  00 

Joseph  Dowse 

00  07  08 

John  Fisk 

03  06  00 

Joseph  Low 

03  01  08 

Richard  Satell 

03  12  00 

James  Poply 

00  06  00 

Stephen  Coolidg 

03  06  00 

John  Boyde 

00  06  00 

Nathaniel  Livermore 

02  14  00 

James  Barnard 

03  01  08 

January  25,  1675-6. 

Humphry  Millard 

03  18  00 

Stephen  Coolidg 

02  01  00 

Daniel  Baldwin 

01  19  04 

April  24,  1676. 

Francis  Wain wright 

01  04  00 

June  24,  1676. 

Howell  Davis 

02  11  04 

July  24,  1676. 

Richard  Sautill 

00  19  08 

John  Fisk 

01  06  06 

Francis  Nichols 

04  16  00 

Edward  Bishop 

00  16  00 

William  Chapman 

01  10  00 

Ephraim  Jones 

05  14  00 

August  24,  1676. 

Francis  Bond 

06  11  00  | 

George  Wyatt 

05  14  00 

September  23,  1676. 

Francis  Wain  wright 

06  12  00 

‘  ‘  AT  BLACKPOYNT.” 

July  24,  1676. 

John  Lowell  06  02  06  |  Ezekiell  Hamlin  06  00  00 


GARRISONS  AT  BROOKFIELD  AND  CHELMSFORD. 


357 


August  24,  1676. 

Edward  Milton  03  05  02 

AT  THE  GARRISON  AT  BROOKFIELD,  OR  “  QUABAUG.” 

February  29,  1675-6. 

John  Weld  00  08  06 


June  24,  1676. 


John  Rayman 

01 

00 

00 

John  Norton 

01 

09 

00 

James  Kelling 

05 

01 

00 

John  Mansell 

01 

18 

00 

Ezekiel  Levitt 

01 

04 

00 

July  24 

,  1676. 

Joseph  Hide 

01 

00 

06 

John  Jeffery 

04 

19 

04 

Isaac  Perkins 

01 

01 

04 

Joseph  Swady 

04 

12 

06 

George  Norton 

00 

06 

04 

Ebenezer  Engellsbee 

04 

12 

06 

Nicholas  Rawlins 

00 

07 

00 

Henry  Pellington 

05 

07 

00 

Benjamin  Dunnage 

00 

04 

03 

John  Algar 

03 

02 

06 

John  Artsell 

01 

08 

00 

Thomas  Stacie 

01 

12 

06 

Benjamin  Dunnage 

01 

04 

00 

Silvester  Haies 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Scott 

01 

04 

00 

John  Simple 

03 

02 

06 

Thomas  Cooper 

05 

00 

00 

John  Glide 

05 

08 

00 

Thomas  Philips 

05 

03 

06 

Benjamin  Bucknall 

04 

15 

00 

Joseph  Garfell 

00 

17 

00 

Ephraime  Savage  Lt. 

04 

07 

09 

Benjamin  Pickerin 

04 

10 

00 

Christopher  Cole 

03 

02 

06 

Charles  Duckworth 

03 

15 

00 

Charles  Blinco 

03 

13 

00 

John  Cromwell 

03 

15 

03 

John  Mansell 

01 

10 

00 

John  Norton 

01 

12 

06 

Nathaniel  Partridge 

05 

08 

00 

William  Bodkin 

04 

12 

06 

John  Sargent 

03 

02 

06 

August  24,  1676. 

John  Cromwell 

02 

09 

09 

David  Jones 

07 

06 

06 

Charles  Duckworth 

02 

09 

06 

Philip  Sandy 

05 

08 

00 

Edward  Blancher 

05 

10 

00 

Thomas  Phillips 

00 

18 

00 

David  Crouch 

02 

06 

02 

John  Cutler 

05 

09 

08 

AT 

THE  GARRISON 

AT  CHELMSFORD. 

November  20,  1675. 

Moses  Cleaveland 

02 

12 

08 

Samuel  Parris 

02 

12 

08 

November  30,  1675. 

Zachariah  Shedd 

03 

00 

00 

Joseph  Simons 

03 

00 

00 

John  Ellis 

04 

10 

00 

John  Roby 

01 

04 

00 

Richard  Nevers 

03 

00 

00 

John  George 

04 

16 

00 

Joseph  Samson 

04 

10 

00 

Hopewell  Davis 

04 

16 

00 

Thomas  Sawin 

03 

00 

00 

William  Fisher 

04 

16 

00 

Thomas  Train 

03 

00 

00 

Henry  Harris 

04 

16 

00 

358 


king  Philip’s  war. 


December  20,  1675. 


Francis  Nichols 

02  11  04 

Thomas  Estman 

01 

04 

00 

Hezekiah  Pilsbury 

01  04  00 

Richard  Beach 

03 

08 

06 

Joseph  Estman 

01  04  00 

William  Foster 

00 

06 

00 

John  Martin 

01  04  00 

Henry  Harris 

00 

06 

00 

Benjamin  Allin 

01  04  00 

Joseph  Lamson 

00 

12 

00 

Amos  Singlater 

01  04  00 

Hopewell  Davis 

00 

10 

00 

Nathaniel  Ladd 

01  04  00 

January  25,  1675-6. 

John  Bear 

00  09  04 

John  Eliot 

01 

17 

08 

John  Darling 

00  09  04 

Joseph  Simons 

01 

15 

02 

George  Wyatt 

00  09  04 

John  Salendine 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Parry 

01  00  06 

Arthure  Crouch 

02 

14 

00 

Robert  Shelston 

02  09  08 

William  Ballard 

02 

08 

00 

Walter  Davis 

00  09  04 

Moses  Cleaveland 

00 

06 

00 

Thomas  Wenmore 

00  09  04 

Richard  Nevers 

02 

08 

00 

Benjamin  Lernett 

04  16  00 

John  George 

02 

04 

06 

Moses  Cleaveland 

02  08  10 

Thomas  Train 

02 

08 

00 

February  29,  1675-6. 

John  Welch 

00  07  08 

Ephraim  Matson 

01 

04 

00 

March  24 

1675-6. 

Thomas  Henchman 

01  10  00 

Joseph  Parker  Junr. 

00 

12 

00 

Joseph  Parker  Senr 

00  12  00 

June  24,  1676. 


Daniel  Woodward 

03 

08 

06 

Robert  Parker 

00 

10 

00 

Josiah  Clarson 

03 

16 

02 

Nathaniel  Graves,  Capt.  12 

01 

00 

Henry  Harris 

03 

12 

10 

Timothy  Day 

04 

16 

00 

Samuel  Cleveland 

03 

07 

08 

George  Stedman 

02 

12 

02 

John  Clark 

03 

12 

00 

John  Polly 

02 

18 

00 

Henry  Sparkes 

03 

12 

00 

George  Parson 

01 

16 

00 

John  Mirecke 

03 

13 

08 

July  24 

,  1676. 

John  Solinden 

06 

12 

00 

John  Priest 

05 

02 

00 

William  Fisher 

06 

12 

00 

George  Sowder 

04 

03 

00 

Arthure  Crouch 

06 

12 

00 

Samuel  Damman 

03 

10 

00 

John  George 

06 

12 

00 

Suball  Stearnes 

03 

05 

00 

Thomas  Traine 

06 

12 

00 

Samuel  Heberd 

04 

00 

06 

Samuel  French 

03 

08 

06 

George  Person 

04 

00 

06 

John  Elliot 

03 

18 

00 

Alexander  Alhort 

02 

10 

06 

August  24,  1676. 

Nicholas  Lunn 

03 

10 

00 

Henry  Harris 

03 

00 

10 

John  Mirick 

06 

00 

00 

Samuel  Perry 

03 

18 

00 

John  Barbene 

06 

13 

08 

John  Polly 

00 

18 

10 

Joseph  Simons 

03 

18 

00 

John  Barbene 

05 

04 

06 

GARRISONS  AT  DUNSTABLE  AND  GROTON 


359 


John  Priest 
William  Peirce 


September  23,  1676. 


02  08  00 
07  12  06 


John  Bateman 


07  11  00 


“AT  DEDHAM.” 

July  24,  1676. 

David  Falkner  Sen1.  04  09  06  |  David  Falkner  Junr.  03  03  06 

September  23,  1675. 

Andrew  Lewis  02  14  00 


AT  THE  GARRISON  AT  DUNSTABLE. 


December  20,  1675. 


Richard  Hawkins 

03  06  00 

James  Matthews 

04 

13 

04 

John  Cary 

03  06  00 

John  Maloone 

04 

08 

04 

Thomas  Webb 

05  02  00 

Richard  Hawkins 

02 

00 

00 

January  25,  1675-6. 

Anthony  Baker 

06  15  04 

February  29,  1675-6. 

John  Cary 

03  03  04 

June  24,  1676. 

Samuel  Selsby 

01  04  00 

Jonathan  Crisp 

02 

07 

00 

John  Cary 

05  12  02 

James  Mathews 

03 

18 

00 

John  Maloone 

08  15  08 

Thomas  Webb 

05 

10 

00 

August  24,  1676. 

Robert  Parris 

04  10  10 

Abraham  Parker 

04 

10 

10 

September  23,  1676. 

John  Maloone 

03  18  00 

James  Car 

02 

14 

00 

Robert  Parris 

04  12  06 

John  Barnard 

02 

14 

00 

Abraham  Parker 

04  12  06 

Ephraim  Sawyer 

02 

14 

00 

AT 

THE  GARRISON  AT  GROTON. 

November  9,  1675. 

Samuel  Read 

01  16  00 

John  Largin 

02 

04 

06 

John  Bush 

03  07  08 

Timothy  Forgley 

02 

02 

00 

Samuell  Bull 

02  04  06 

Samuel  Whitney 

00 

04 

04 

November 

30,  1675. 

Thomas  Chamberlain 

02  09  08 

John  Wood 

01 

13 

04 

Jeremiah  Morse 

02  02  00 

Josiah  Wheeler 

02 

12 

02 

Thomas  Bancroft 

00  10  00 

Hugh  Taylor 

03 

01 

08 

360  king  philip’s  war. 


Jacob  Dane 

03  00  00 

John  Dammon 

03 

01 

08 

David  Church 

04  10  00 

Daniel  Starling 

03 

03 

04 

Shuball  Stemes 

03  00  00 

Jonathan  Sprague 

03 

00  00 

Thomas  Wood 

03  01  08 

Thomas  Dunnell 

03 

00 

00 

William  Gill 

03  07  08 

Jacob  Winslow 

03 

06 

00 

John  Hawes 

01  10  00 

Pelatiah  Smith 

03 

00  00 

Onesiphorus  Stanly 

03  05  02 

Thomas  Micheson 

03 

05 

02 

December  20,  1675. 

John  Codington 

01  15  02 

Daniel  Canada 

04 

10 

00 

Jonathan  Parker 

03  08  00 

Nathaniel  Domton 

03 

00 

00 

Ephraim  Bemish 

03  08  04 

Sebread  Taylor 

03 

00 

00 

Timothy  Frogly 

01  16  00 

Thomas  Frost 

03 

12 

00 

John  Tedd 

03  06  00 

Samuel  Allin 

03 

09 

04 

Samuel  Hagar 

03  06  00 

William  Doule 

03 

00 

00 

Israel  Hill 

02  06  02 

William  Halford 

03 

18 

00 

January  25,  1675-6. 

Benjamin  Simons 

02  08  00 

Simon  Stone 

03 

18  00 

Lot  Johnson 

03  00  00 

Samuel  Hager 

00 

18 

00 

Samuel  Bull 

02  02  00 

Ephraim  Bemis 

00 

12 

00 

Samuel  Cleaveland 

02  08  00 

Subaell  Stearnes 

01 

10 

00 

Daniel  Canada 

00  18  00 

Thomas  Frost 

00 

07 

08 

Jacob  Dane 

00  18  00 

Timothy  Frogly 

00 

07 

08 

Jeremiah  Moss 

00  06  00 

David  Church 

01 

06 

06 

February  29,  1675-6. 

•  t 

“  UNDER  CAPT.  WHEELER  AND  AT  GROTON  GARRISON.” 


Nath  Hill 

01 

12 

10 

Samuel  Fletcher  Junr 

01 

12 

10 

Jonathan  Hill 

01 

12 

10 

Eleazer  Brown 

01 

19 

04 

Joseph  Foster 

01 

12 

10 

Cyprian  Stevens 

00 

14 

03 

John  Waldo 

01 

12 

10 

Benjamin  Graves 

01 

19 

04 

Francis  Dudly 

01 

12 

10 

John  Bates 

01 

12 

10 

Samuel  Fletcher  Sen1 

01 

04 

05 

Stephen  Goble 

01 

12 

10 

April  24,  1676. 

Thomas  Foster 

03 

00 

00 

Jonath  Crisp 

02 

10 

06 

Eleazer  Ball 

00 

06 

00 

Daniel  Adams 

00 

06 

10 

June  24,  1676. 

Zachary  Crisp 

02 

15 

08 

John  Hands 

01 

06 

06 

Mathias  Smith 

01 

06 

06 

Morris  Truelove 

01 

06 

06 

Nathaniel  Green 

01 

12 

06 

Joseph  Pollard 

01 

11 

00 

William  Clough 

01 

06 

06 

Moses  Wheat 

02 

08 

00 

John  Goff 

01 

11 

00 

Humphry  Millard 

00 

06 

10 

James  Chever 

01 

11 

00 

Thomas  Region 

02 

14 

00 

Edmund  Gage 

01 

06 

06 

Timothy  Cutler 

02 

08 

08 

William  Bordman 

01 

02 

03 

Richard  Griffeth 

01 

16 

10 

Benjamin  Graves 

00 

10 

00 

HADLEY 

AND  MARLBOROUGH  GARRISONS. 

361 

July  24,  1676. 

Richard  Pasmore 

04  04  00 

John  Potter 

01 

04 

00 

John  Bush 

01  02  00 

Symon  Willard 

00 

19 

03 

AT 

THE  GARRISON  AT  HADLEY. 

June  24,  1676. 

Benjamin  Chamberlain 

06  12  00 

July  24,  1676. 

John  Chub 

08  12  02 

Joseph  Smith 

12 

03 

04 

John  Records 

09  00  00 

Philip  Kertland 

03 

17 

00 

Joshuah  Phillips 

13  04  00 

Thomas  Chard 

05 

17 

00 

Isaiah  Toy 

05  11  00 

John  Upham 

12 

06 

00 

Try  all  Newbury 

14  08  00 

John  Chamberlain 

13 

06 

00 

August  24,  1676. 

Jacob  Hewens 

07  05  04 

Ephraim  Regiman 

07 

09 

02 

Thomas  North 

10  16  00 

John  Hadlock 

11 

04 

00 

Benjamin  Poole 

09  18  00 

Thomas  Staines 

04 

01 

04 

Robert  Coates 

09  14  06 

John  Largin 

04 

00 

00 

Nicholas  Dourell 

08  02  00 

September  23,  1676. 

Thomas  Bryant 

13  10  00 

Jeremiah  Clothar 

12 

06  00 

Richard  Snowden 

10  16  00 

Benjamin  Lathropp 

03 

18 

00 

John  Strabridg 

02  00  00 

Hugh  Pike 

14 

11 

00 

Joseph  Griffin 

07  16  00 

John  Tucker 

06 

00 

00 

Robert  Bardell 

16  07  00 

John  Fisher 

08 

06 

00 

James  Moult 

11  07  00 

William  Chub 

06 

04 

00 

Thomas  Pore 

13  16  00 

Joseph  Hovey 

00 

08 

06 

John  Whitteridge 

11  08  00 

Moses  Dudee 

04 

04 

00 

Stephen  Grover 

14  07  00 

Henry  White 

14 

14 

00 

Moses  Morgan 

05  13  00 

Thomas  Jones 

14 

12 

00 

John  Prat 

16  16  00 

John  Bill 

11 

15 

00 

James  Verin 

08  08  00 

Archebell  Forest 

05 

18 

00 

AT  HATFIELD. 

July  24,  1676. 

William  Batt 

03  00  00 

September  23,  1676. 

Robert  Dawes 

08  18  00 

Jabez  Musgrove 

14 

12 

00 

Edward  Bishop 

06  17  00 

Richard  Smith 

14 

15 

00 

AT  THE  GARRISON  OF  MARLBROW. 

September  21,  1675. 

Darby  Morris  01  13  04  Thomas  Owen  04  13  04 

JohnDunster  02  00  00  Joseph  Barber  02  14  00 

William  Turner  01  19  04 


362  king  philip’s  war. 


October  19,  1675. 


James  Cheevers 

02  14  00 

Henry  Gibbs 

03 

07 

00 

Thomas  Turner 

02  12  02 

Richard  Roberts 

04 

04 

00 

William  Blockwell 

03  02  06 

November  30,  1675. 

Timothy  Laskin 

04  13  04 

Jacob  Adams 

04 

13 

04 

William  Ferman 

02  08  00 

Jonathan  Jackson 

04 

13 

04 

Samuel  French 

03  00  00 

Daniel  Wright 

04 

13 

04 

Richard  Young 

03  12  00 

John  Figg 

01 

10 

00 

David  Roff 

03  02  00 

John  Broughton 

02 

12 

02 

January  25,  1675-6. 

John  Baker 

03  08  06 

Daniel  Davison 

Richard  Young 

03  06  00 

“  Commiss.” 

05 

06 

00 

Henry  Gibbs 

02  19  00 

Jonathan  Orris 

03 

12 

00 

John  Nash 

00  18  00 

Richard  Roberts 

02 

16 

06 

Jonathan  Jackson 

01  05  08 

William  Turner 

04 

16 

00 

Obadiah  Searle 

06  08  00 

February  29,  1675-6. 

Robert  Rownden 

07  04  00 

William  Farman 

03 

17 

00 

Thomas  Owen 

02  18  02 

Gustin  John 

01 

19 

04 

March  24,  1675-6. 

Richard  Young 

00  13  00 

April  24,  1676. 

Thomas  Hopkins 

00  09  00 

Benjamin  Parmater 

02 

03 

08 

June  24,  1676. 

Daniel  Wright 

02  09  08 

Thomas  Dennis 

01 

05 

06 

July  24,  1676. 

Timothy  Laskin 

02  09  08 

John  Burges 

03 

00 

10 

September  23,  1676. 

Morgan  Jones 

08  02  00 

Joseph  Davis 

06 

00 

00 

AT 

THE  GARRISON  AT  MEDFIELD. 

April  24,  1676. 

Thomas  Davis 

02  02  00 

John  Howell 

02 

02 

00 

Humphrey  Richards 

01  16  00 

June  24,  1676. 

Clement  Maxfield 

00  18  00 

Thomas  Sherman 

02 

11 

04 

James  Parker 

02  08  00 

Elisha  Hollaway 

05 

04 

06 

Thomas  Davis 

01  15  00 

Charles  Cohon 

03 

18 

10 

Vincent  Shuttleworth 

02  11  04 

Thomas  Jones 

03 

04 

02 

MEDFIELD  AND  MENDON  GARRISONS. 


363 


July  24,  1676. 


James  Harrington 

02  11  04 

Edward  Goose 

02 

16 

06 

Charles  Cahan 

01  10  00 

John  Belcher 

00 

10 

02 

James  Parker 

01  10  10 

Darby  Morris 

03 

03 

00 

Moses  Hubbard 

00  18  00 

Samuel  Smith 

03 

06 

00 

August  24,  1676. 

Samuel  Procter 

01  08  00 

Anthony  Hancock 

06 

13 

08 

Alexander  Mackenny 

02  02  00 

Samuel  Smith 

01 

17 

08 

September  23,  1676. 

Daniel  Meginny 

00  18  00 

John  Richardson 

04 

04 

00 

Thomas  Sherrard 

00  12  00 

Israel  Hill 

02 

14 

10 

Edward  Goose 

01  16  10 

James  Marshall 

02 

05 

04 

Darby  Morris 

01  17  08 

Vincent  Shuttleworth 

02 

01 

00 

James  Harrington 

02  12  02 

AT  THE 

GARRISON  AT 

MEND AM  (MENDON). 

September  14,  1675. 

John  Harrison,  Serg‘ 

02  06  06 

David  Landon 

00 

18 

00 

Henry  Tite 

01  10  10 

Thomas  Hansett 

01 

03 

00 

Jonathan  Dunning 
John  Tuckerman 
Samuel  Moore 
Joseph  Griffin 
John  Gosse 


October  19,  1675. 


01  00  06 
02  12  03 
03  02  06 
02  04  06 
00  11  00 


Thomas  Pinly 
Henry  Pettington 
(Pellington) 
John  Starr 
Edward  Barton 


00  11  00 

01  12  06 
00  11  00 
05  02  06 


December  20,  1675. 


William  Bosway 

04 

14 

02 

Jonathan  Dunning 

04 

04 

00 

John  Roulstone 

04 

04 

00 

William  Jaques 

04 

16 

00 

Richard  House 

05 

06 

10 

Richard  Godfrey 

02 

02 

10 

Jonathan  Torry 

01 

14 

02 

Thomas  Beedle 

02 

02 

10 

John  Weld 

01 

10 

00 

Thomas  Hanchat 

01 

13 

04 

Israel  Leavitt 

02 

08 

00 

Brian  Morphy 

02 

08 

00 

Joseph  Griffin 

04 

07 

00 

Gilbert  Foresight 

04 

01 

00 

John  Andrews 

04 

11 

06 

John  Sawen 

00 

10 

00 

Simon  Stone 

00 

10 

00 

John  Stearnes 

00 

10 

00 

John  Willington 

00 

10 

00 

Samuel  Goff 

00 

12 

00 

John  Gepson 

00 

10 

00 

Samuel  Thacher 

00 

10 

00 

Stephen  Cooke 

00 

10 

00 

Thomas  Browne 

00 

10 

00 

James  Waumesly 

01 

07 

04 

John  Long 

00 

10 

00 

Thomas  Crassell 

00 

10 

00 

John  Ellis 

05 

06 

03 

Thomas  Andrews 
Henry  Pellington 
Thomas  Jones 
Thomas  Brideltine 


January  25,  1675-6. 


04  04  00 
04  04  00 
00  13  04 
00  18  00 


John  Low 
Theophilus  Cushing 
William  Cole 


02  02  10 
02  02  10 
01  16  00 


364 


William  Cole 


John  Rowlstone 

AT 

Samuel  Souch 
Philip  Matoon 
William  Halford 


John  Paison 


James  Pemerton 
John  Clark 
Samuel  Trescott 
Joseph  Adams 
John  Basse 
Joseph  Long 
John  Spurr 
Joseph  Holmes 
Thomas  Swift 
Robert  Braine 
Thomas  Holman 
John  Winchester 
Stephen  Gulliver 
Samuel  Wadsworth 


John  Riply 
Martin  Sanders 
John  Thare 
Thomas  Drake 
Jacob  Nash 
Joseph  Penniman 
Isaac  Griffin 
Moses  Pain 
Samuel  Pain 


David  Walsbery 
Isaac  Umpphre  als 
Humphrey 
Hopestill  Clapp 
John  Wells 


king  philip’s  war. 


February  29,  1675-6. 

01  10  00  |  John  Tuckerman 


June  24,  1676. 

01  10  00  |  Benjamin  Dyer 


THE  GARRISON  AT  NORTHAMPTON. 


September  23,  1676. 


14  11  00 
08  02  00 
10  16  00 


John  Rowlston 
Samuel  Tiley 
John  Roberts 


00  06  00 


00  12  00 


08  13  00 
08  02  00 
08  19  06 


AT  PUNCKAPAUGE. 

March  24,  1675-6. 
00  13  00 


April  24,  1676. 


00 

09 

03 

Benjamin  Badcock 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

03 

Robert  Parker 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

George  Witty 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Samuel  Maxfield 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Clement  Maxfield 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Samuel  Gulliver 

00 

13 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Jeremiah  Hall; 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

John  Daniel 

00 

09 

00 

00 

15 

00 

Henry  Roberts 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Samuel  Clap 

00 

12 

00 

00 

13 

00 

George  Lyon 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

03 

Samuel  Picher 

00 

09 

00 

00  09 

00 

Thomas  Lawrence 

00 

09 

00 

01 

16 

00 

Jonathan  Picher 

00 

09 

00 

June  24,  1676. 

00 

13 

00 

Joseph  Crosby 

00 

13 

00 

00 

13 

00 

Samuel  Hall 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Christopher  Webb 

00 

09 

00 

00 

13 

00 

John  Mills 

00 

13 

00 

00 

13 

00 

John  Belcher 

00 

06 

04 

00 

13 

00 

Ebenezer  Williams 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Thomas  Modsly 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

John  Ripley 

04 

10 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Martin  Sanders 

04 

10 

00 

August  24,  1676. 

00 

09 

00 

John  Minott 

00 

13  00 

Ephraim  Newton 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

Israel  Meade 

00 

09 

00 

00 

09 

00 

John  Herse 

00 

13 

00 

00 

09 

03 

Roger  Bulling 

00 

13 

00 

SPRINGFIELD  GARRISON.  365 


Edward  Brinkford  als 

Hopestill  Humphry 

00  09 

00 

Linsford 

00  06  04 

Joshuah  Hinsher 

00  09 

00 

Thomas  Berd 

00  07  06 

Robert  Willts 

00  09 

00 

September  23,  1676. 

James  White 

00  13  00 

Charles  Davenport 

00  09 

00 

Joseph  Tucker 

00  09  00 

Thomas  Davinport 

00  09 

00 

AT  THE  GARRISON  AT  SPRINGFIELD. 


February  29,  1675-6. 


John  Lowden 

01 

10  00 

March  24,  1675-6. 

Jonathan  Tainter 

01 

04  00 

June  24,  1676. 

Samuel  Irons 

09 

01  16 

John  Cragge 

08 

13  00 

John  Pitcher 

10 

15  00 

George  Seddon 

11 

09  08 

Joseph  Holmes 

10 

07  04 

Isaac  Gleson 

17 

04  09 

Josiah  Rockwood 

10 

16  00 

Joseph  Pike 

10 

01  04 

Joseph  Willington 

13 

17  00 

John  Smith 

09 

01  06 

John  Pinchon  Majr 

21 

14  03 

Gershom  Swan 

11 

06  00 

William  Pilsbery 

10 

07  00 

John  Lowden 

12 

09  00 

John  White 

11 

18  00 

July  24,  1676. 

John  Bradshaw 

10 

14  04 

Matthew  Abdee 

12 

02  00 

Samuel  Jewell 

13 

05  00 

August  24,  1676. 

Daniel  Galusha 

14 

05  00 

Roger  Prosser 

03 

02  06 

Jeremiah  Norcross 

12 

03  00 

September  23,  1676. 

Nathaniel  Lyon 

13 

16  00 

Benjamin  Knowlton 

16 

12  00 

Thomas  Elliott 

16 

16  00 

Thomas  Bond 

13 

10  00 

Isaac  Cakebread 

16 

16  00 

John  Mirick 

14 

12  00 

Thomas  Friend 

08 

08  00 

AT  THE  GARRISON  AT  WESTFIELD. 


John  Langworthy 
Samuel  Alcock,  Doctr. 


July  24,  1676. 


13  01  00 
04  05  00 


Joseph  Dudly,  Chap1. 


17  02  08 


August  24,  1676. 

Solomon  Bates  12  06  00  John  Lamb 

Abraham  Kingston  12  06  00  Nathaniel  Osborn 

Joseph  Chamberlain  14  08  00 


12  13  09 
16  05  08 


366 

king  philip’s  war. 

September  23,  T676. 

George  Manning 

13  05  08 

Robert  Hastings 

06  09 

James  Hadlock 

02  07  00 

Thomas  Watts 

07  10 

William  Rogers 

13  02  00 

William  Peacock 

14  14 

Thomas  Norton 

13  18  00 

Fearnot  King 

15  16 

AT 

THE  GARRISON  AT  WOODCOCK’S. 

August  23,  1675. 

Daniel  East 

00  11  02 

September  3,  1675. 

Jonathan  Freeman 

00  10  04 

September  14,  1675. 

Daniel  Wight 

00  10  04 

Samuel  Guild 

00  10 

William  Arnold 

00  12  08 

John  Fuller 

00  10 

Daniel  Hawes 

00  10  04 

June  24,  1676. 

Samuel  Colbron 

00  10  02 

July  24,  1676. 

Nathaniel  Weare 

00  19  04 

Henry  Chamberlain 

03  18 

August  24,  1676. 

Ellis  Barron 

00  16  02 

September  23,  1676. 

Richard  Benner 

00  10  00 

AT  THE  GARRISON 

AT  WADING  RIVER. 

September  14,  1675. 

Thomas  Mudg 

02  10  06 

John  Leroby 

02  10 

Simon  Grover 

02  10  06 

Benjamin  Bridgham 

00  18 

at  wamesick. 

January  25,  1675. 

James  Kidder 

00  12  00 

GARRISON  AT 

WRENTHAM. 

November  20,  1675. 

John  Starr 

04  16  00 

John  Hammon 

05  06 

John  Mason 

05  06  03 

Thomas  Wadduck 

04  19 

John  Allin 

05  06  03 

John  Ellis 

05  06 

Thomas  Phinly 

04  16  00 

Edward  Gross 

01  11 

John  Goff 

04  16  00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

04 

04 

00 

06 

00 

03 

04 

03 

08 


ASSIGNMENT  OF  WAGES. 


367 


January  25,  1675-6. 


Anthony  Hancock 

01  18  06 

Thomas  Hoppin 

02 

14 

00 

John  Ellis 

02  02  00 

Israel  Hill 

02 

01 

00 

John  Mason 

01  16  10 

John  Hammon 

02 

02 

00 

February  29,  1675-6. 

John  Parker 

02  08  00 

April  24,  1676. 

Isaac  Heath 

00  07  08 

John  Ellice 

02 

19 

00 

June  24,  1676. 

John  Starr 

02  01  00 

David  Faukner 

01 

04 

00 

John  Hammon 

02  08  00 

John  Parker 

02 

07 

00 

Clement  Hamlin 

04  04  00 

July  24,  1676. 

John  Bacon 

00  12  00 

September  23,  1676. 

John  Allin 

05  02  00 

Peter  Buckly ,  of  the 

Robert  Ware 

04  16  10 

Traine 

00 

18 

00 

Mark  Baker 

00  12  00 

ASSIGNMENT  OF  WAGES. 


The  following  lists  show  the  custom  of  the  times.  The  towns 
assumed  the  payment  of  the  wages  of  their  own  soldiers,  to  their 
families  left  at  home,  the  families  thus  receiving  sure  and  im¬ 
mediate  aid,  and  the  towns  being  credited  to  that  amount  upon 
their  colonial  “  rates,”  or  taxes.  It  was  doubtless  a  means  of 
great  help  to  the  families,  and  of  saving  to  the  towns,  as  it 
secured  at  once  the  support  of  the  families  without  public 
charge,  and  at  the  same  time  the  prompt  payment  of  taxes. 

The  value  of  these  lists  to  the  historical  and  genealogical 
student  will  appear  in  the  evidence  they  afford  as  to  each  man’s 
residence  at  that  time.  The  proof  might  not  be  positive  in 
every  case,  yet  in  general  it  may  be  concluded  that  where  a  man 
assigns  his  wages  to  a  town,  it  is  because  he  considers  that  his 
place  of  residence. 


August  24,  1676. 


Braintree-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  accpts  Viz. 


Edward  Bishop  pd  him  as  per 
Assignment  06  09 

Richard  Evens  “  01  14 

George  Witty  00  09 


02 

02 

00 


Joseph  Adams 
John  Bass 
Jonathan  Pitcher 
John  Belcher 


£  s.  d. 
42  17  06 


00  09  00 
00  09  00 
00  09  00 
00  10  02 


368 


king  Philip’s  war. 


Samuel  Irons 

01 

09 

01 

James  Atkins 

01 

03 

06 

Robert  Parker 

03 

09 

10 

Caleb  Raye 

00 

16 

04 

James  Franklin 

03 

18 

06 

Samuel  Spencer 

01 

01 

04 

John  Lamb 

10 

18 

10 

Martin  Sanders 

00 

06 

10 

Abraham  Kingston 

09 

03 

09 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Dorchester-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  accpts  Viz. 

37 

00  05 

James  Haughton  pd  as  per 

John  Pason 

05 

03 

00 

Assignment 

00 

19 

08 

Samuel  Triscot 

00 

09 

00 

Samuel  Maxfield 

00 

09 

00 

Timothy  Tilston 

02 

05 

00 

Clement  Maxfield 

01 

07 

00 

Jonathan  Atherton 

02 

15 

00 

Benjamin  Allin 

01 

16 

10 

Samuel  Blake 

02 

05 

00 

Jeremiah  Hall 

00 

09 

00 

Thomas  North 

09 

00 

04 

Henry  Leadbetter 

02 

11 

00 

John  Smith 

00 

12 

09 

Samuel  Rigby 

03  06 

08 

John  Minot 

00 

13 

00 

John  Spurr 

01 

18 

00 

£ 

s. 

d. 

Dedham-Towne  Cr.  By 

Sundry 

accpts  Viz. 

70 

07  02 

Timothy  Dwite  pd  him 

as 

Jeremiah  Fisher 

00 

12 

00 

per  Assignment 

17 

00 

00 

Benjamin  Wight 

00 

12 

00 

Samuel  Guile 

06 

08 

04 

Ephraim  Wilson 

00 

12 

00 

Daniel  Wight 

02 

09 

08 

John  Thurston 

00 

12 

00 

David  Falkner 

03 

17 

06 

Nathaniel  Farington 

00 

12 

00 

David  Falkner  Jr. 

02 

15 

06 

Edward  Sewell 

00 

12 

00 

John  Day 

01 

13 

06 

John  Groce 

00 

12 

00 

John  Day 

02 

14 

09 

John  Coockow 

00 

04  02 

John  Bacon 

00 

12 

00 

James  Hening 

00 

05 

00 

Ephraim  Pond 

02 

08 

00 

Peter  Woodward 

00 

17 

02 

Daniel  Hawes 

01 

06 

06 

Richard  Bennett 

03 

11 

00 

Jonathan  Gay 

02 

08 

00 

John  Ware 

01 

14 

03 

Samuel  Colborn 

02 

04 

09 

John  Aldis 

02 

08 

00 

Thomas  Bishop 

07 

06 

09 

Benjamin  Mills 

01 

03 

06 

Nathaniel  Weare 

00 

19 

04 

David  Freeman 

01 

03 

06 

John  Batle 

00 

12 

00 

Ditto. 

Hingham-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  accpts  Viz. 

56 

18  02 

Paul  Gilford  pd.  him  as 

John  Dunbarr 

02 

03 

11 

per  Assignment 

01 

03 

10 

Paul  Gilford 

02 

19 

00 

John  Chamberlaine 

10 

09 

11 

Richard  Francis 

01 

00 

00 

Samuel  Gill 

02 

09 

06 

Benjamin  Bates 

05 

15 

02 

John  Cutler 

15 

00 

00 

John  Jacob 

07 

17 

00 

Thomas  Thaxter 

02 

16 

00 

John  Bull 

02 

12 

06 

Samuel  Nicholson 

02 

11 

04 

August  24,  1676. 

Hull-Towne  Cr.  by  Sundry  accpt6  Viz. 

12 

13  09 

James  Chever  pd.  him  as 

John  Angell 

03 

12 

00 

per  Assignment 

00 

18 

09 

John  Jacob  pr.  Nath1 

Henry  Chamberlaine 

03 

18 

00 

Bosworth 

02 

00 

00 

James  Chever 

02 

05 

00 

ASSIGNMENT  OE  WAGES. 


369 


Ditto. 


Milton-Towne  Cr.  by  Sundry  Accpfs  Viz.  47  11  09 


George  Lyon  pd.  him  by 

John  Daniel 

00 

09 

00 

Assignment 

00 

09 

00 

John  Pitcher 

00 

12 

10 

John  Redman 

00 

18 

00 

John  Fenno 

00 

15 

04 

Samuel  Wadsworth 

Richard  Silvester 

00 

18 

00 

per  Abigail 

16 

15 

06 

John  Pitcher 

03 

17 

07 

Henry  Roberts 

00 

09 

00 

Thomas  Voss 

07 

10 

00 

John  Jourdan 

00 

07 

00 

Samuel  Pitcher 

00 

09 

00 

Walter  Mory 

00 

07 

00 

Thomas  Holman 

02 

18 

10 

Richard  Silvester 

04 

12 

08 

Ephraim  Newton 

00 

09 

00 

Benjamin  Badcock 

03 

09 

06 

Thomas  Swift 

01 

02 

06 

Samuel  Gullifer 

00 

13 

00 

Benjamin  Badcock 

00 

09 

00 

August  24,  1676. 

Medfield-Towne  Cr.  by  Sundry  Accpts  viz.  14 

04  06 

John  Plimpton  pd.  as  per 

Josiah  Rockwood 

03 

14 

08 

Assignment 

02 

14 

00 

Vincent  Shuttleworth 

02 

11 

04 

John  Hammon 

02 

08 

00 

Edward  Grose 

02 

16 

06 

Ditto. 


Roxbury-Towne  Cr.  by  Sundry  Accpts  Viz.  51  17  01 


William  Davenport  pd.  as 


per  Assignment 

02  10  00 

Samuel  Williams 

05  01  00 

Joseph  Smith 

09  13  02 

Isaac  Johnson  per  his 

widow 

01  05  00 

John  Curtis 

02  08  01 

Onesiphorus  Stanly 

01  11  03 

Jonathan  Fairbanks 

03  01  00 

John  Clark 

00  09  03 

Hugh  Clark 

01  05  00 

Joseph  Lyon 

01  06  05 

John  Whitney 

00  18  00 

John  Scott 

00 

10 

09 

John  Weld 

10 

16 

08 

Henry  Bowen 

00 

15 

00 

Samuel  Williams 

01 

17 

06 

John  Weld 

03 

06 

06 

John  Watson 

00 

18 

00 

Richard  Hall 

05 

10 

06 

John  Newell 

00 

17 

08 

John  Pason 

00 

10 

00 

John  Weld 

01 

11 

00 

Joshuah  Lamb 

02 

02 

10 

Andrew  Levins 

01 

10 

00 

Robert  Seaver 

01 

02 

06 

August  24,  1676. 

Weighmouth-Towne  Cr.  by  Sundry  Accpts  viz. 


Benjamin  Poole  pd.  as  per 

Assignment  09  18  00 

Thomas  Bayley  01  16  10 

John  Pinchon  Esqr  pr. 

Samuel  White  12  10  01 


52 


Joshua  Philips 
John  Record 
John  Pinchon  Esqr 
Richard  Adams 


01  10 
09  19  05 
04  00  00 
10  00  00 
03  17  06 


Ditto. 


Bradford-Towne  Cr.  by  Sundry  Accpts  viz. 


John  Griffin  pd.  him  as  per 

assignment  00  19  03 


William  Smith 


04  01  03 

03  02  00 


370 


king  philip’s  war. 


Ditto. 


Beverly-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpta  viz.  31 

01  06 

John  Dodge  pd.  as  per 

John  Rayment 

03  11 

Assignment 

01  10  00 

John  Hull 

04  14 

William  Dodge 

01  00  00 

John  Clark 

03  08 

Joseph  Eaton 

05  18  06 

Samuel  Hebert 

04  00 

Jonathan  Mosse 

01  05  10 

Mark  Hascall 

05  13 

Ditto. 

Glocester-Town  Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpta  viz.  17 

05  10 

Benjamin  Jones  pd.  as  per 

Philip  Stanwood 

03  08 

Assignment 

01  04  00 

Samuel  Stanwood 

02  11 

John  Fitch 

02  15  10 

John  Day 

03  15 

John  Stanwood 

01  02  00 

John  Hascall 

02  09 

August  24,  1676. 

Hampton-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpts  viz.  50  14  03 


Edward  Colcord  pd.  as  per 

William  Sanborn 

01 

04 

Assignment 

02 

00 

00 

Thomas  Roby 

01 

04 

Joseph  Cask 

03 

08 

06 

John  Browne 

01 

04 

Benjamin  Molton 

03 

01 

02 

Palmer 

01 

08 

Ephraim  Matson 

01 

03 

00 

Joseph  Smith 

01 

17 

John  Lovitt 

00 

14 

00 

James  Hobbs 

03 

05 

Israel  Blake 

01 

00 

00 

John  Palmer 

04 

19 

Abraham  Drake 

00 

13 

08 

Ebenezer  Perkins 

01 

15 

Morris  Hobbs 

01 

04 

00 

John  Browne 

06 

12 

Francis  Jennings 

00 

19 

06 

Benjamin  Sweett 

05 

01 

John  Sleeper 

00 

18 

00 

Samuel  Colcord 

01 

01 

Isrel  Clifford 

00 

00 

00 

Michael  Towsly 

01 

15 

Micael  Towaly 

00 

17 

00 

Thomas  Browne 

03 

08 

Ditto. 

Ipswich-Towne  Cr.  By 

Sundry  accpta  viz.  67 

15  09 

John  Chub  pd.  as  per 

Joseph  Proctor 

00 

17 

Assignment 

06 

04 

06 

John  Browne 

02 

08 

Alexander  Alhor 

02 

10 

06 

John  Potter 

01 

04 

Samuel  Bishop 

01 

10 

00 

Richard  Pasmore 

02 

12 

Joseph  Fellows 

01 

15 

00 

Jonathan  Wade 

06 

00 

Isaac  Fellows 

01 

05 

06 

Thomas  Smith 

01 

13 

Simon  Grow 

02 

07 

05 

Thomas  Dennis 

01 

05 

Joseph  Marshall 

04 

00 

00 

John  Line 

04 

02 

Samuel  Ingols 

01 

10 

10 

John  Pengilly 

03 

18 

Amos  Gourd  ine 

01 

00 

00 

Joseph  Jacob 

02 

09 

Edward  Neland 

02 

00 

00 

Isaac  Perkins 

00 

15 

Josiah  Clark 

02 

16 

06 

Thomas  Philips 

04 

11 

Simon  Adams 

06 

03 

00 

Jacob  Wain wright 

02 

14 

00 

02 

00 

00 

06 

06 

06 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

06 

06 

00 

04 

00 

05 

00 

04 

00 

04 

00 

00 

00 

05 

10 

04 

06 

06 

03 

10 

04 

06 

00 


ASSIGNMENT  OP  WAGES. 


371 


August  24,  1676. 


Linn-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpts  viz.  59 

19 

LI 

Samuel  Ireson  pd.  as  per 

Isaac  Lewis 

03 

02 

00 

Assignment 

03 

03 

03 

Thomas  Barker 

04 

16 

09 

John  Linsly 

00 

18 

00 

Robert  Coates 

07 

08 

00 

Philip  Cartland 

04 

17 

08 

William  Dellow 

03 

03 

06 

John  Man 

02 

08 

00 

Joseph  Burrell 

01 

04 

00 

John  Burrell 

03 

06 

00 

Samuel  Fisk 

00 

16 

06 

John  Moore 

01 

10 

00 

Elisha  Fuller 

02 

02 

04 

Thadeus  Berry 

03 

03 

06 

Thomas  Leonard 

00 

15 

08 

Thomas  Browne 

03 

11 

00 

Moses  Chadwell 

01 

01 

00 

Isaac  Wellman 

02 

05 

00 

Daniel  Johnson 

03 

04 

00 

Samuel  Graves 

01 

13 

00 

Timothy  Bread 

03 

03 

06 

Eliazer  Linsey 

01 

16 

00 

James  Robinson 

00 

11 

03 

August  24,  1676. 

Marblehead-Towne 

Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpts  viz.  25 

10 

L0 

Gregory  Sowder  pd  as  per 

George  Cross 

01 

16 

08 

Assignment 

04 

03 

00 

Walter  Emmett 

02 

10 

00 

Ephraim  Jones 

05 

14 

00 

Augustine  Ferker 

01 

04 

00 

Rowland  Ravensbee 

01 

07 

04 

John  Parmer 

01 

00 

06 

Enoch  Lawrence 

03 

00 

00 

Mark  Pitman 

01 

16 

10 

Thomas  Russell 

01 

14 

00 

Thomas  Stanford 

01 

04 

06 

Ditto. 

Newbury-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpts  viz.  21 

05  02 

Jonathan  Emery  pd  as  per 

John  Wilcott 

04 

10 

00 

Assignment 

05 

09 

00 

Richard  Browne 

03 

03 

04 

Edmond  Browne 

03 

01 

08 

Edward  Ordway 

01 

09 

02 

Henry  Sparkes 

03 

12 

00 

Ditto. 


Rowly-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  accpta  viz. 


27 


John  Wood  pd.  as  per 

Assignment  03  15  08 

Samuel  Smith  03  03  06 

Samuel  Wicomb  04  17  09 


Samuel  Cooper 
Thomas  Lever 
Robert  Eames 
Joshuah  Boynton 


02  10 
01  16  00 
03  03  06 
04  17  05 
05  09  00 


August  24,  1676. 

Salem-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  accept  viz.  151  19  04 


Thomas  Fuller  pd.  as  per 


Assignment 

01 

10 

00 

John  Dodge 

03 

13 

06 

Edward  Bishop 

00 

16 

00 

William  W  ainwright 

02 

09 

10 

William  Pilsbury 

03 

17 

06 

Henry  Kenny 

03 

03 

06 

Joseph  Deares 

01 

15 

00 

Abraham  Snitchell 

00 

11 

06 

William  Woodbury  pr 


John  Higinson 

05 

10 

00 

John  Bullock 

14 

03 

00 

Symon  Broadstreet  Esqr 

04 

10 

00 

Nathaniel  Pease 

04 

06 

00 

William  Hathorn 

07 

05 

09 

Jeremiah  Neale 

03 

00 

00 

John  Richards  pr.  Bar- 

tholmew  Gidney 

28 

17 

00 

372  king  philip’s  war. 


George  Wyat 

05 

14 

00 

Peter  Jennings 

04 

02 

00 

Thomas  Robinson  pr 

Samuel  Pickworth 

00 

11 

06 

Jonathan  Curwin 

05 

06 

00 

Richard  Norman 

01 

10 

00 

Edward  Counter 

02 

01 

00 

Joseph  King 

01 

16 

00 

John  Smith 

01 

10 

10 

Robert  Pease 

03 

16 

06 

Jacob  Pudenter 

01 

04 

00 

Francis  Nichols 

04 

16 

00 

Thomas  Howard 

03 

02 

00 

Francis  Bond 

06 

11 

00 

Joseph  Jeffords 

01 

09 

00 

William  Stacie 

00 

12 

00 

Nicholas  Deurell 

07 

18 

00 

Abel  Oazier 

01 

16 

00 

Francis  Jefford 

05 

16 

09 

Thomas  Bell 

01 

16 

04 

Henry  Cooke 

02 

03 

00 

Thomas  Veasie 

02 

18 

10 

Ditto. 

Topsfield-Towne  Cr.  By  pd.  as  per  Assignment 
John  Wild  06  15  06 


August  24,  1676. 

Wenham-Towe  Cr.  By  pd.  as  per  Assignment 
Thomas  Kemball  02  07  03 

Ditto. 


Haverell-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpts  viz.  24  16  08 


Samuel  Huchins  pd.  as  per 

Thomas  Hartshorn 

00 

12 

00 

Assignment 

00 

15 

06 

Richard  Allin 

01 

17 

06 

Nathaniel  Haseltine 

01 

00 

06 

Robert  Swan 

00 

11 

10 

Samuel  Aires 

00 

08 

06 

Henry  Kemball 

01 

06 

10 

John  Keisar 

00 

08 

06 

Benjamin  Grealy 

01 

00 

06 

John  Clements 

00 

08 

06 

Jonathan  Henrick 

00 

15 

04 

Amos  Singletons 

00 

05 

00 

John  Corly 

00 

15 

04 

Nathaniel  Lad 

00 

05 

00 

John  Roby 

00 

08 

06 

Daniel  Lad 

00 

05 

00 

Samuel  Ladd 

03 

17 

00 

George  Brown 

00 

13 

00 

Thomas  Kinsbury 

01 

12 

04 

John  Johnson 

00 

02 

06 

Robert  Swan 

01 

04 

00 

Philip  Esman 

00 

15 

04 

John  Haseltine 

01 

04 

00 

Benjamin  Singleterry 

00 

15 

04 

Samuel  Watts 

00 

13 

06 

Thomas  Durston 

00 

17 

10 

Joseph  Bond 

00 

13 

06 

Thomas  Eastman 

01 

04 

00 

Ditto. 

Andover-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  Accpla  viz.  25 

19  00 

John  Lovejoy  pd.  as  per 

Roger  Mark 

02 

09 

00 

Assignment 

01 

10 

00 

John  Matson 

02 

14 

00 

Stephen  Johnson 

01 

02 

06 

Joseph  Parker 

01 

10 

00 

Samuel  Phelpes 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Stephens 

02 

09 

06 

John  Preson 

02 

10 

00 

Ebenezer  Barker 

02 

02 

00 

Zechariah  Ayres 

01 

10 

00 

James  Fry 

02 

14 

00 

Joseph  Abbott 

02 

14 

00 

ASSIGNMENT  OF  WAGES. 


373 


Billerrica-Towne  Cr. 


August  24,  1676. 

By  Sundry  accpt9  viz. 


05 


Nathaniel  Hill  pd.  as  per 

Assignment  00  12  10 


John  Saunders 
Thomas  Farmer 


06  04 

02  14  00 
01  19  00 


Ditto. 


Thomas  Frost  pd.  as  per 

David  Mead 

00 

09 

04 

Assignment 

01 

00 

06 

John  Dowgin 

00 

09 

04 

Jonathan  Lawrence 

01 

14 

06 

Justinian  Holding 

00 

07 

06 

Crackbone 

00 

06 

00 

Isaac  Beech 

00 

09 

04 

Samuel  Prentice 

00 

09 

04 

William  Rider 

00 

10 

02 

John  Gibson 

01 

12 

10 

John  Streeter 

03 

17 

05 

Philip  Russell 

02 

06 

00 

Samuel  Goff 

01 

00 

00 

William  Bordman 

01 

02 

03 

Edward  Goff 

01 

13 

04 

John  Dickson 

01 

01 

04 

Daniel  Woodward 

02 

05 

00 

Nathaniel  Green 

01 

12 

06 

John  Stedman 

01 

17 

00 

Mathew  Abdee 

05 

16 

01 

Joseph  Cooke 

04 

02 

00 

Thomas  Earns 

01 

08 

04 

Peter  Towne 

00 

07 

06 

Thomas  Frost 

00 

09 

06 

John  Cragg 

04 

17 

00 

John  Jones 

00 

09 

04 

Ephraim  Philips 

01 

15 

06 

Christopher  Muskins 

02 

06 

09 

Robert  Robins 

00 

09 

04 

Justinian  Houldin 

00 

15 

08 

Samuel  Gibson 

00 

03 

04 

John  Salter 

02 

10 

04 

Joseph  Pratt 

00 

15 

04 

John  Bradshaw 

06 

11 

04 

Nathaniel  Green 

01 

08 

06 

Joseph  Holmes 

04 

06 

04 

Isaac  Gleson 

06 

18 

10 

Zechariah  Paddlefoot 

01 

02 

06 

Jacob  Hill 

05 

12 

00 

Daniel  Woodward 

03 

08 

06 

Justinian  Houlding 

01 

15 

06 

John  Watson 

00 

14 

00 

Edward  Mitchensonn 

03 

15 

00 

James  Che  vers 

01 

16 

08 

Samuel  Green 

01 

17 

06 

William  Hely 

02 

07 

05 

Abraham  How 

02 

10 

00 

Ambros  Mackfassett 

02 

13 

02 

Samuel  Green 

03 

15 

00 

Samuel  Cooper 

02 

17 

00 

Daniel  Gookin  Esqr 

03 

07 

06 

Jonathan  Remington 

05 

17 

08 

August  24,  1676. 

Chelmsford-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  accpts  viz. 


05  05  06 


Joseph  Hide  pd.  as  per 

Assignment  01  00  06 


Jacob  Wilier  per  Jerath- 

mell  Bowers  02  15  00 

John  Barrett  01  10  00 


Ditto. 

Concord-Towne  Cr.  By  Sundry  accpts  viz. 
John  Wheeler  pd.  as  per 

Assignment  01  07  06 

Joseph  Wheeler  02  09  00 

Abraham  Temple  02  02  00 

Thomas  Wheeler  Junr.  04  00  00 

Daniel  Gobely  01  10  00 

Benjamin  Graves  00  10  00 

James  Sawyer  00  04  04 


45 

Nathaniel  Billing 
William  Kean 
John  Hadlock 
Joseph  Chamberlain 
Stephen  Goble 
Benjamin  Chamberlain 
John  Lakin 
Richard  Blood 


06  04 

04  10 
04 
06 
08 
01 
06 
00 
00 


14 
12 
06 
12 
00 

15 
12 


00 

06 

03 

11 

10 

00 

00 

00 


374 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Ditto. 


Charles-Towne  Cr.  By 

Sundry  accpts  viz.  308  15  06 

Cornelius  Church  pd. 

as 

Zechariah  Jones 

00 

05 

04 

per  Assignment 

02 

15 

09 

Thomas  Wheeler 

01 

03 

04 

Benjamin  Switzer 

00 

04 

02 

James  Richardson 

10 

10 

00 

John  Upham 

10 

03 

05 

John  Spaulden 

02 

00 

00 

Charles  Duckworth 

02 

09 

06 

Zechariah  Fowle 

02 

10 

00 

John  Prescott  Sen1. 

05 

00 

00 

Josiah  Hobbs 

03 

01 

00 

John  Mirecke 

03 

09 

08 

John  Sellenden 

06 

12 

00 

Giles  Fifield 

00 

16 

10 

John  Eliot 

01 

18 

00 

Daniel  Baldwin 

00 

03 

04 

Thomas  Croswell 

01 

12 

10 

John  Newman 

04 

07 

02 

John  Eliot 

01 

13 

06 

Zechariah  Brigden 

00 

15 

06 

William  Chapman 

01 

10 

00 

John  Walker 

01 

06 

10 

Isaac  Fowl 

00 

08 

00 

Hugh  Taylor 

04 

05 

06 

Jonathan  Johnson 

02 

05 

04 

Joseph  Lowe 

01 

06 

11 

Richard  Scott 

04 

00 

00 

Samuel  Lord 

01 

14 

10 

John  Shepheard 

03 

12 

00 

Nathan  Dunklin 

03 

09 

10 

Howell  Davis 

02 

06 

04 

John  Rosse 

01 

14 

00 

Daniel  Smith 

03 

00 

06 

James  Miller 

01 

12 

10 

John  Tarball 

03 

04 

10 

John  Mirick 

06 

00 

00 

William  Ward,  Deacon 

03 

10 

06 

David  Crouch 

01 

05 

00 

Edward  Smith 

04 

14 

00 

Solomon  Phips 

02 

09 

04 

Samuel  Hunting 

01 

01 

00 

Jonathan  Cary 

01 

01 

00 

Benjamin  Lathrop 

02 

08 

00 

Hopewell  Davis 

01 

09 

00 

William  Stephens 

02 

15 

08 

Edward  Smith 

00 

14 

06 

Samuel  Jewell 

03 

16 

08 

Richard  Scott 

02 

02 

00 

Joseph  Harris 

01 

10 

00 

Obadiah  Wood 

00 

15 

08 

Henry  Salter 

01 

04 

04 

William  Vines  per  Jacob 

James  Miller 

00 

10  06 

Greene 

01 

09 

02 

Henry  Harris 

03 

00 

10 

Thomas  White 

00 

14 

00 

John  Long 

02 

02 

06 

David  Crouch 

03 

10 

08 

Matthew  Griffin 

04 

04 

09 

Samuel  Blaincher 

00 

08 

10 

Samuel  Scripture 

01 

15 

06 

Joseph  Douss 

02 

09 

06 

Lawrence  Hammond 

05 

00 

00 

Samuel  Cutler 

00 

16 

10 

William  Rawson 

07 

02 

06 

James  Kelling 

04 

09 

06 

Samuel  Jewell 

01 

00 

00 

Josiah  Wood 

01 

03 

04 

Hugh  Taylor 

01 

13 

08 

John  Cromwell 

02 

18 

00 

John  Cromwell 

02 

09 

06 

Thomas  Rand 

01 

04 

10 

John  Essery 

02 

06 

09 

Thomas  Henchman 

06 

15 

10 

Nathaniel  Graves 

12 

01 

00 

Henry  Harris 

02 

01 

02 

Joseph  Pike 

01 

11 

00 

Nathaniel  Douse 

01 

07 

04 

John  Edes 

00 

06 

08 

Richard  Scott 

03 

10 

06 

Joseph  Royal 

00 

10 

02 

Francis  Earle 

00 

10 

02 

Arthur  Clouch 

06 

12 

00 

Samuel  Dalton 

01 

00 

07 

Edward  Wilson 

00 

09 

00 

John  Mousall 

00 

02 

04 

Ephraim  Roper 

04 

07 

06 

David  Jones 

05 

15 

06 

Silvester  Haies 

04 

10 

00 

James  Lowden 

00 

10 

00 

Zechariah  Johnson 

00 

14 

10 

Thomas  How 

01 

00 

00 

Isaac  Johnson 

00 

05 

02 

John  Barrett 

02 

07 

01 

Samuel  Hunting 

03 

00 

00 

Thomas  Davis 

02 

05 

00 

John  Simple 

04 

18 

00 

ASSIGNMENT 

OF  WAGES. 

375 

Henry  Berisford 

01 

15 

07 

John  Douss 

00 

10 

00 

Samuel  Champine 

00 

11 

06 

Joseph  Lambson 

01 

05 

08 

John  George 

06 

12 

00 

Thomas  Stacy 

03 

15 

04 

William  Fisher 

06 

12 

00 

Joseph  Lambson 

00 

16 

03 

Joshuah  Edmunds 

00 

06 

10 

William  Whiting 

01 

03 

04 

John  Goodwin 

02 

13 

00 

Joseph  Lampson 

00 

12 

00 

James  Smith 

05 

17 

08 

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02 

03 

00 

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00 

08 

10 

James  Richardson 

06 

02 

06 

John  Eliot 

03 

18 

00 

Henry  Harris 

03 

12 

10 

Jacob  Amsden 

03 

00 

00 

Daniel  Edmonds 

02 

06 

08 

William  Clough 

00 

14 

00 

Joseph  Pike 

02 

07 

05 

John  Smith 

00 

03 

04 

August  24,  1676. 

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01 

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00 

08 

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00 

09 

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00 

07 

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00 

07 

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00 

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03 

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01 

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accpts  viz.  146 

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376 


king  philip’s  war. 


Zecheriah  Cutting 

02 

09 

10 

Michel  Bastow 

02 

16 

06 

John  Sawin 

03 

03 

06 

Thomas  Whitney 

00 

04 

02 

Joseph  Peirce 

01 

06 

00 

John  Willington 

02 

08 

06 

Theophilus  Philips 

02 

18 

06 

John  Oynes 

00 

15 

08 

John  Prescott 

10 

00 

00 

Henry  Spring 

02 

19 

10 

Moses  Whitney 

02 

16 

00 

Jonathan  Whitney 

03 

08 

02 

Isaac  Leonard 

01 

15 

02 

William  Shattucke 

04 

10 

00 

Joseph  Bemish 

02 

10 

00 

Samuel  Thacher 

01 

04 

03 

John  Sterns 

01 

07 

00 

Jeremiah  Norcrass 

09 

05 

08 

Jonathan  Smith 

01 

10 

00 

Daniel  Smith 

01 

05 

06 

William  Bond 

01 

00 

00 

William  Price 

02 

13 

00 

Josiah  Jones 

01 

02 

00 

John  Stone 

01 

10 

10 

Joseph  Wait 

00 

15 

04 

Thomas  Chadwick 

01 

10 

10 

Samuel  Sterns 

02 

03 

06 

Samuel  Perry 

03 

18 

00 

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14 

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04 

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John  Fisk 

04 

13 

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01 

07 

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00 

12 

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12 

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12 

00 

Richard  Child 

03 

03 

06 

John  Coolidge 

02 

10 

00 

Joseph  Garfell 

02 

07 

00 

Seubael  Sternes 

03 

01 

00 

John  Cutting 

00 

18 

06 

John  Hastings 

00 

19 

08 

Daniel  Warrin 

00 

09 

08 

Stephen  Coolidge 

01 

02 

02 

Ephraim  Bemish 

03 

05 

00 

John  Oyne 

02 

00 

00 

Joseph  Smith 

01 

00 

00 

Thomas  Swann 

01 

08 

10 

John  Stone 

03 

03 

06 

John  Bright 

04 

10 

00 

Thomas  Train 

06 

12 

00 

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02  11  02 l 

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01 

18 

05 

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00  13  OlJ 

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00 

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Increase  Winn 

01 

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02 

13 

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00 

10 

00 

Abraham  Parker 

04 

10 

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John  Priest 

05 

02 

00 

Isaac  Brookes 

01 

01 

06 

Moses  Cleaveland 

03 

03 

06 

Joseph  Wright 

04 

10 

00 

Samuel  Cleavland 

03 

07 

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John  Baker 

05 

15 

03 

John  Wilson 

00 

14 

00 

John  Barben 

05 

94 

06 

William  Green 

00 

12 

00 

Josiah  Clarson 

02 

07 

10 

XXVI. 


PHILIP,  CANONCHET  AND  THEIR  INDIANS. 


A  BRIEF  statement,  from  the  side  of  the  Indians,  of  their 
movements  and  plans  so  far  as  can  be  judged  by  the  evi¬ 
dence  we  have,  may  help  us  to  a  better  knowledge  of  the 
war,  than  any  of  the  histories  afford.  All  know  that  Metacom, 
or  Pometacom,  second  son  of  the  great  chief  Massasoit,  whom 
the  English  named  Philip,  and  who  is  known  in  history  as  King 
Philip,  was  the  recognized  instigator  and  leader  in  the  great 
Indian  war  which  has  always  been  designated  by  his  name. 

Massasoit’s  eldest  son  Wamsutta,  called  by  the  English  Alexan¬ 
der,  succeeded  to  the  dignity  and  possessions  of  his  father  in 
1661,  but  lived  only  about  a  year  in  the  enjoyment  of  his  inheri¬ 
tance.  His  wife  was  Weetamoo  (her  name  best  known),  who 
seems  to  have  been  not  only  an  hereditary  princess,  but  a  very 
able  and  energetic  woman.  She  was  called  the  “  Squaw  Sachem 
of  Pocasset,”  and  derived  that  title  either  from  her  father  or  an 
earlier  husband.  She  claimed  to  own  all  the  country  around 
Pocasset  in  her  own  right,  and  also  the  disposal  and  rule  of  her 
tribe.  Weetamoo  was  a  personage  of  importance  and  influence 
in  the  war,  as,  after  the  death  of  Wamsutta,  she  returned  to  her 
people,  and  retained  her  title  and  power  amongst  them ;  and  it 
would  appear  that  just  before  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  she 
had  some  three  hundred  fighting  men  under  her  authority. 
There  is  good  evidence  that  Queen  Weetamoo  and  Petonowowett, 
whom  the  queen  married  after  the  death  of  Wamsutta,  were 
both  opposed  to  the  war,  but  could  not  control  the  young  war¬ 
riors  who  were  attracted  to  Philip’s  war-dances,  and  were  there 
inflamed  with  the  war-passion  of  the  chief.  Weetamoo  was 
the  sister  of  Wootonekanuske,  it  is  said,  and  as  she  was  doubly 
sister-in-law  of  Philip,  it  is  not  strange  that  she  followed  the 
inclination  of  her  warriors,  and  yielded  to  the  craft  and  power 
of  Philip,  thus  greatly  strengthening  his  hands.  Petonowowett 
would  not  join  Philip,  but  withdrew  to  the  English  side  and  fol¬ 
lowed  their  fortunes  throughout  the  struggle.  Weetamoo  further 
assisted  the  cause  of  Philip  by  renouncing  her  recreant  husband, 
and  marrying  Quinnapin,  a  Narraganset  chief,  a  near  relative  of 
Canonchet,  and  second  in  command  at  the  great  “  fort-fight.” 


378 


king  philip’s  war. 


He  was  prominent  in  the  attack  upon  Lancaster,  becoming  the 
master  of  Mrs.  Rowlandson  by  purchasing  her  from  her  captor. 

There  are  many  proofs  of  the  ability  of  Philip  as  a  diplomat,  in 
planning  and  preparing  for  the  war.  He  succeeded  his  brother 
as  the  chief  Sachem  of  the  Wampanoags,  about  1662.  Judged  by 
all  that  can  be  gleaned  from  history,  Philip  seems  to  us,  not  the 
terrible  monster  which  our  first  historians  painted  him,  but  a 
leader  of  consummate  skill,  in  bringing  together  the  unwieldy 
and  most  unwilling  forces,  and  pushing  forward  other  bands  of 
other  tribes  to  bear  the  brunt  and  dangers  which  his  own  plotting 
had  brought  upon  them.  He  was  doubtless  hurried  into  open 
hostilities  by  the  ill-advised  action  of  his  young  warriors,  long 
before  even  his  own  tribe  were  prepared  for  the  consequences 
of  such  rash  action.  Thousands  of  acres  of  corn  were  hastily 
abandoned  by  his  people  in  their  precipitate  flight.  The  Wam¬ 
panoags,  with  all  related  and  dependent  bands,  were  overwhelmed 
by  the  unexpected  forces  sent  against  them,  and  were  only  saved 
from  utter  destruction,  partly  by  the  slow  motion  of  the  English 
troops  under  Capt.  Henchman,  but  mainly  by  the  adroit  and 
secret  management  of  Philip  in  “  wafting  ”  his  whole  active  force 
over  the  water,  leaving  only  one  hundred  of  their  women  and 
children,  and  escaping  into  the  Nipmuck  country.  All  the  fear¬ 
ful  consequences  which  hung  upon  the  issue  of  that  escape,  are 
known  to  us  now,  and  it  is  clear  that  if  the  colonies  had  at  all 
appreciated  the  gravity  of  the  situation,  the  whole  war  might 
have  been  prevented,  by  holding  Philip,  by  the  retention  of  a  few 
hundred  men  for  a  few  days  more  at  Rehoboth,  or  near  by,  with 
their  Mohegan  scouts.  As  it  was,  Philip  succeeded  in  eluding  his 
pursuers,  disposing  his  non-fighting  people  in  various  tribes,  and, 
while  holding  a  sufficient  body-guard  with  himself,  to  inspire  re¬ 
spect  and  insure  a  hearing,  he  had  some  of  his  ablest  men  visiting 
the  more  distant  tribes,  and  everywhere  persuading,  bribing  and 
threatening  the  chiefs  into  cooperation ;  so  that  before  the  end  of 
September,  he  had  practically  all  the  Nipmucks,  with  the  tribes 
of  Massachusetts  from  the  Merrimac  to  the  Connecticut,  pledged 
and  already  active  in  his  service.  But  the  impression  from  all 
known  testimony  is,  that  loyalty  to  Philip  was  inspired  by  fear, 
rather  than  love  or  admiration.  There  is  no  proof  known  to  me 
of  any  act  of  personal  daring  on  his  part,  and  I  have  not  found 
any  real  evidence  that  he  was  personally  engaged  in  any  of  the 
battles  of  the  whole  war,  or  that  he  led,  in  person,  any  attack,  or 
raid,  or  ambuscade.  The  rumors  of  that  day,  and  the  statements 
of  later  historians,  that  he  was  present  at  certain  fights,  are  not 
verified  by  evidence ;  and  while  there  is  little  doubt  that  he 
directed  and  planned  many  of  the  most  bloody  and  destructive 
attacks  upon  the  settlements,  he  seems  always  to  have  kept  at  a 
safe  distance  from  personal  danger. 

The  successes  of  the  Indians  at  Brookfield,  Northfield  and 


THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


379 


Deerfield,  were  won  by  the  Nipmuck  chiefs,  who  were  by  no 
means  ready  to  accept  Philip  as  a  general,  while  they  received 
him  as  an  ally. 

In  December,  1675,  Philip  retired  beyond  the  Connecticut,  and 
before  the  first  of  January  was  encamped  some  forty  miles  above 
Albany.  It  is  probable  that  he  was  there  negotiating  with  the 
Mohawks,  by  his  agents,  for  their  cooperation  in  the  spring,  and 
it  is  believed  that  he  had  assurance  from  the  French,  of  ammu¬ 
nition  and  arms,  together  with  a  body  of  Canadian  Indians  to 
reinforce  him.  But  there  were  many  things  which  might  well 
discourage  the  chief  at  this  time,  notwithstanding  all  these 
promises  of  help,  and  the  fact  that  the  most  of  the  tribes  were 
committed  to  the  war. 

Canonchet,  and  his  Narragansets,  had  not  yet  committed  them¬ 
selves,  nor  seemed  inclined  to  do  so,  which  was  very  depressing, 
not  only  to  the  leaders,  but  to  those  other  chiefs  and  tribes  who  in 
one  way  or  another  had  committed  themselves  to  his  cause.  And 
again  there  was  disaffection  among  the  tribes  and  the  chiefs  who 
had  been  involved  in  the  war  by  Philip’s  arts.  But  soon  a  new 
and  tremendous  impulse  was  given  to  the  Indian  side,  when  the 
scouts  and  advanced  parties  of  the  Narragansets  began  to  come 
among  the  tribes  in  their  hasty  retreat,  bringing  news  of  their 
defeat  and  the  disastrous  destruction  of  their  great  fortress.  At 
first  they  were  not  believed,  and  were  not  received  by  the  Nip- 
mucks  and  their  allies,  because  they  had  been  looked  upon  as 
pledged  by  the  English  to  remain  neutral ;  and,  as  the  denunci¬ 
ation  of  the  great  leader  and  his  tribe  for  their  indifference,  had 
been  rife  in  all  the  great  war  councils  of  the  adherents  of  Philip, 
so  now  these  advance  parties  of  their  retreat  were  not  believed, 
and  when  they  came  to  the  camp  at  Meminimisset,  they  were  re¬ 
pulsed,  and  their  messenger  shot  at,  being  accused  of  treachery 
and  of  being  friends  of  the  English,  although  they  brought  Eng¬ 
lish  scalps  and  heads  in  proof  of  their  story.  But  when  larger 
parties  came,  bringing  more  proofs  of  the  same  kind,  and 
furnished  confirmation  from  various  sources,  there  was  great 
rejoicing  by  the  Indians  that  they  had  been  thus  struck  down 
by  the  English,  whom  they  had  been  so  slow  to  fight.  Their 
rejoicing  was  equally  great,  because  of  the  immense  acquisition  of 
the  strong  tribe  and  valiant  chief,  the  prestige  of  whose  name 
and  numbers  turned  all  faltering  and  hesitation  into  willing  and 
eager  adherence.  And  as  they  had  been  last  to  break  into  hos¬ 
tility  against  the  settlers,  so  their  causes  of  hatred  and  desire  for 
revenge  were  deeper. 

At  the  beginning  of  “  Philip’s  War,”  the  Sachem  of  the  Narra¬ 
gansets  was  Canonchet,  son  of  Miantonimoh,  whose  tragic  story 
has  been  told  in  the  first  chapter.  He  was  an  able,  prudent  and 
brave  chief,  who,  though  subjected  to  the  tyranny  of  the  colonies, 
and  followed  by  the  constant  enmity  and  falsehood  of  old  Uncas, 


380 


king  philip’s  war. 

had  been  able  to  maintain  peace  with  the  English  and  their  allies, 
and  to  lead  his  people  to  prosperity  and  power ;  so  that  in  1675, 
he  was  by  far  the  most  powerful  chief  in  New  England,  his 
fighting  force  being  reckoned  by  some  authorities,  as  high  as  four 
thousand  warriors.  This  estimate  is  probably  double  his  actual 
force.  It  is  said  that  he  had  encouraged  Philip  in  the  design  to 
make  a  general  revolution  against  the  colonies,  and  had  promised 
to  be  ready  in  1676  to  enter  such  war  with  his  whole  available 
force.  When,  however,  Philip’s  men  precipitated  hostilities  by 
the  murder  of  Sausamon,  first,  and  then  by  open  and  active 
preparation,  when  justice  was  dealt  to  the  murderers,  Canonchet 
restrained  his  people,  and  would  not  join  Philip,  but  on  the  other 
hand  would  not  assist  in  fighting  him.  When  the  troops  had 
driven  Philip  and  his  people  out  from  Mount  Hope,  and  held 
them,  as  they  thought,  securely,  in  the  Pocasset  swamps,  command 
came  from  Boston  to  march  the  army  into  the  Narraganset 
country  and  demand  a  treaty  at  the  point  of  the  sword.  That 
action  seems  to  us  now,  as  strategy,  the  height  of  stupidity  ; 
in  spirit,  the  extreme  of  intolerance  ;  and  in  result,  entirely 
disastrous. 

The  only  pretext  for  the  invasion,  was  the  rumor  that  the  Narra- 
gansets  were  harboring  some  of  the  women  and  children  of  those 
who  were  in  arms.  They  did  not  find  Canonchet,  or  any  of  his 
Sachems,  but  only  a  few  old  men,  whom  they  forced  to  act  in 
behalf  of  the  tribe.  With  these  irresponsible  persons,  they  for¬ 
mally  enacted  a  treaty,  remarkable  only  for  its  intolerance,  and 
utter  disregard  of  the  rights  of  the  Indians.  Canonchet  seems  to 
have  ignored  this  treaty  entirely,  and  probably  looked  upon  it  as 
one  more  instance  of  the  crafty  influence  of  Uncas,  who  had 
hastened  forward  to  assist  the  English  at  his  earliest  opportunity. 
And  yet  the  Narraganset  chief  held  aloof  from  Philip’s  active 
operations,  evidently  strengthening  his  own  people  with  arms, 
ammunition  and  provisions,  besides  training  his  warriors  and  forti¬ 
fying  his  country  in  several  parts,  as  if  determined  to  withstand 
any  attack  which  might  be  made  upon  him. 

Canonchet,  thus  standing  aloof  from  participation  in  the  war, 
and  fearing  nothing  from  the  English,  who  were  constantly  exer¬ 
cised  against  him  by  the  wily  arts  of  the  Mohegans,  was  summoned 
to  Boston,  where  he  appeared  before  the  Council  and  bore  himself 
with  manly  dignity,  but  was  constrained  by  his  situation  and  by 
the  threats  of  the  Council,  to  sign  a  treaty  binding  him  to  fight 
against  the  hostile  Indians,  and  to  seize  and  deliver  up  all  those 
Indians  who  had  taken  part  in  the  war,  and  were  now  fled  to  his 
territories  for  shelter.  This  demand,  so  impossible  for  him  to 
fulfil,  he  was  induced  to  promise,  under  the  pressure  of  present 
danger,  knowing  well  that  a  refusal  to  accede  to  their  demands 
would  be  taken  as  confirmation  of  the  charges  against  him,  and 
would  result  in  his  detention  and  perhaps  death.  He  had  no  idea 


THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


381 


of  the  sacredness  of  his  promise  in  this  treaty,  and  his  experience 
with  the  English  in  former  treaties,  had  not  tended  to  give  him 
exalted  ideas  of  treaty  promises.  He  was  allowed  to  depart,  hav¬ 
ing  received  the  present  of  a  coat,  gaudily  laced.  We  do  not 
know  how  much  effort  he  made  to  carry  out  his  promise ;  we  do 
know  that  he  gathered  his  own  people  into  the  great  fortress  in 
the  swamps,  where,  in  December,  he  was  overwhelmed  by  the 
Colonial  army ;  in  which  battle  great  numbers  of  his  people  were 
destroyed. 

The  story  of  that  fearful  battle  and  its  result  to  the  English, 
and  from  their  side,  has  been  told.  We  know  but  little  from  the 
Indian  side,  and  that  only  by  accidental  testimony.  The  English 
troops  recruited  at  Wickford  until  the  last  of  January,  when, 
having  been  reinforced  with  fresh  troops,  they  began  the  “  Long 
March  ”  through  the  Nipmuck  Country,  around  to  Marlborough, 
and  then  to  Boston. 

Canonchet  and  his  Narragansets  had  profited  by  the  time  of  the 
army’s  inactivity  ;  they  returned  to  their  ruined  forts  and  buried 
their  dead,  cared  for  their  wounded,  and  quietly  sent  their  women 
and  children  with  their  sick  and  wounded  out  of  harm’s  way. 
Then  with  a  strong  band  of  his  fighting  men  as  a  rear-guard, 
Canonchet  hung  about  the  army,  and  closely  observed  all  its 
motions,  keeping  out  his  scouts  in  every  direction,  with  a  line  of 
posts  and  temporary  camps  along  the  whole  line  of  the  great  “  trail,” 
even  to  the  vicinity  of  Quabaog,  where  he  soon  established  rela¬ 
tions  of  alliance  with  the  hostile  tribes  gathered  at  headquarters 
at  Meminimisset.  But  just  upon  the  eve  of  the  advance  of  the 
troops,  the  Narragansets  made  a  swift  descent  upon  Warwick, 
where  they  burnt  the  buildings  and  corn  and  hay  of  Mr.  Car¬ 
penter,  as  we  have  seen.  It  is  probable  that  the  Indian  leaders 
were  somewhat  disconcerted  by  the  advance  of  the  army,  both  as 
to  time  and  direction.  The  attack  upon  Mr.  Carpenter  was  partly, 
perhaps,  to  turn  the  attention  of  the  English  in  that  direction. 
They  succeeded  in  eluding  the  English,  however,  and  were  re¬ 
ceived  into  the  great  gathering  of  the  tribes  at  their  chief  head¬ 
quarters  beyond  Quabaog,  as  told  above.  There  is  evidence  that 
old  Canonicus,  uncle  of  Canonchet,  and  many  of  the  older  chiefs 
of  the  Narragansets  and  their  subject  tribes,  like  Ninigret,  chief 
of  the  Niantics,  tried  hard  to  restrain  the  warriors  from  open 
war.  But  the  proud  spirit  of  the  younger  Canonchet  could  not 
bow  to  the  terrible  blow  they  had  received,  and  while  the  old 
chiefs  were  allowed  to  negotiate  with  the  English  about  a  treaty, 
Canonchet  and  the  younger  men,  with  Quinnapin  as  an  able 
second,  were  training  and  preparing  for  war.  After  the  junction 
was  made  with  the  Northern  tribes,  Philip  having  been  apprised 
of  it,  and  having  promised  plenty  of  ammunition  from  the 
French,  the  Narragansets  were  added  as  a  part  of  the  great  hostile 
force  of  Indians  gathered  in  the  western  parts.  Canonchet 


382 


king  philip’s  war. 


became  the  real  leader  of  the  great  unorganized  army  of  the 
Indians.  His  warriors  far  outnumbered  the  other  tribes,  besides 
being  better  trained  and  equipped,  despite  the  severe  losses  they 
had  met  at  the  great  fort. 

There  is  little  doubt  that  the  confederated  tribes  determined 
to  drive  the  English  out  from  the  Connecticut  valley,  and  to 
hold  it.  After  locating  his  people  in  safe  retreats,  Canonchet, 
with  a  large  party  of  his  warriors,  returned  towards  his  own 
country,  in  order  to  recover  some  of  the  large  quantities  of  corn 
secreted  there,  and  especially  for  seed-corn  to  plant  the  English 
fields,  from  which  they  had  driven  the  owners.  A  large  raiding 
party  from  the  various  tribes  came  southward  also.  It  is  prob¬ 
able  that  the  two  companies  were  not  far  from  each  other,  when 
Capt.  Peirse  arrived  at  Rehoboth,  and  they  probably  united  in 
his  destruction,  as  related  above. 

After  the  battle  with  Capt.  Peirse  (March  26,  1676)  the  Ind¬ 
ians  made  a  furious  attack  upon  Rehoboth  upon  the  28th  day, 
burning  some  forty  houses  and  nearly  as  many  barns.  Upon  the 
29th  they  appeared  at  Providence,  and  though  the  aged  Roger 
Williams,  the  life-long  friend  of  the  southern  tribes,  went  forth 
to  meet  them,  unarmed,  and  leaning  upon  his  staff,  he  was  met 
by  their  old  men,  and  warned  by  them  that  it  would  not  be  safe, 
even  for  him,  to  venture  amongst  them ;  and  they  said  also,  that 
there  were  many  “  stranger  Indians  ”  mixed  with  their  tribes. 
He  was  thus  forced  to  retire  to  the  garrison-house  with  the  rest 
of  the  inhabitants,  while  the  Indians  advanced  and  burned  some 
thirty  houses  of  the  town.  Robert  Beers  was  slain,  it  is  said,  at 
this  time.  The  Indians  seem,  after  that,  to  have  broken  up  into 
small  prowling  bands,  which  scouted  upon  the  borders  of  the  out¬ 
lying  towns,  making  an  assault  here  and  there,  as  opportunity 
seemed  to  offer,  —  April  9th  at  Billerica ;  April  19th  at  Andover, 
where  they  killed  Joseph  Abbot  and  captured  his  younger 
brother  Timothy,  burned  the  house  of  Mr.  Faulkner  and  wounded 
Roger  Marks;  while  another  band,  the  same  day,  burned  the 
deserted  houses  at  Marlborough ;  and  still  another  party  appeared 
at  Hingham  and  Weymouth,  where  they  killed  two  men,  one  at 
each  place. 

On  April  20th  they  renewed  the  attack  upon  Hingham,  where 
they  burned  the  houses  of  Israel  Hobart,  Anthony  Sprague, 
Joseph  Jones  and  Nathaniel  Chubbuck.  On  April  21st  the  main 
body  of  the  Indians  in  Massachusetts  swept  in  around  Sudbury, 
of  which  attack  detailed  account  has  been  given  heretofore. 
Account  has  been  given  also  of  other  attacks  and  operations  in 
the  Northern  parts. 

In  the  meantime  the  Connecticut  people  were  bestirring  them¬ 
selves,  and  had  quietly  enlisted  some  eighty  of  the  friendly 
Indians  of  the  Mohegans  and  Pequods,  and  a  band  of  the  Niantics, 
whose  Sachem,  Ninigret,  although  a  Narraganset,  had  remained 


THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


383 


neutral,  in  appearance,  at  least.  Forty-seven  English  soldiers 
were  joined  with  these,  under  command  of  Capt.  George  Denison 
of  Stonington,  and  Capt.  James  Avery  of  New  London,  Connect¬ 
icut.  The  Niantics  were  led  by  the  chief  Catapazat ;  the  Pe- 
quods  by  Casassinamon ;  the  Mohegans  by  Oneco,  son  of  Uncas. 
This  force,  apparently  unknown  to  the  scouts  of  Canonchet, 
approached  Pawtucket,  and  captured  one  of  his  guards  in  the 
vicinity,  with  two  women,  one  of  whom  confessed  that  Canonchet 
was  near  at  hand  with  but  a  small  guard.  With  this  news,  con¬ 
firmed  by  their  scouts  soon  afterwards,  the  force  pushed  on  and 
soon  came  in  sight  of  the  wigwam  of  the  Sachem  whom  they 
sought.  When  the  quick  ear  of  the  chief  caught  the  sound  of 
an  approaching  body  of  men,  he  sent  two  of  his  attendants  to  the 
top  of  a  hill  near  by  to  ascertain  the  cause,  and  these  not  return¬ 
ing,  but  fleeing  for  their  lives,  two  more  were  sent,  one  of  whom 
returned  with  the  word  that  the  enemy  was  close  upon  him.  He 
seized  his  gun  and  sought  to  escape,  but  in  his  flight  he  came 
near  a  party  of  the  scouts,  who  gave  chase  so  closely  that  he  was 
unable  to  elude  them,  and  finally  was  forced  to  cross  a  small 
stream,  where,  entering  hastily,  his  foot  slipped  on  a  small  stone 
and  he  fell,  wetting  his  gun,  which  was  thus  rendered  useless, 
and  he  was  left  defenceless  ;  and  at  the  mishap,  he  confessed 
afterwards,  “  his  heart  turned  within  him,  and  he  became  as  a 
rotten  stick,  void  of  strength.”  Monopoide,  a  Pequod  Indian, 
was  nearest  him,  and  overtook  him  within  thirty  rods  of  the  river, 
and  captured  him  without  any  attempt  at  resistance.  The  pur¬ 
suit  was  thus  strenuous,  because  the  chief  had  been  obliged  in 
his  flight  to  cast  off  his  blanket,  and  then  his  lace-coat,  which  he 
had  of  late  received  from  the  English,  and  then  his  belt  of  wam¬ 
pum,  and  was  thus  recognized. 

But  though  helpless  and  captive,  he  was  still  the  proud  and  un¬ 
conquered  chief ;  and  when  young  Robert  Stanton,  an  interpreter, 
and  among  the  first  of  the  English  to  come  up,  began  to  question 
him,  he  turned  away  haughtily,  saying,  “  You  much  child,  no 
understand  matters  of  war;  let  your  brother  or  your  chief 
come,  him  I  will  answer.”  Even  Mr.  Hubbard  was  struck  by  his 
noble  bearing  and  heroism,  and  in  his  “  Postscript,”  written  after 
the  first  part  of  his  history  was  printed,  compares  him  to  one  of 
the  old  Romans,  Attilius  Regulus,  since  he  would  not  accept  of 
his  own  life  upon  compliance  with  the  English.  The  condition 
seems  to  have  been  that  he  would  send  one  of  his  Counsellors 
commanding  his  people  to  yield  to  the  English,  and  thus  save  his 
life.  His  resolution  was  not  to  be  shaken  by  any  threats  or  bribes ; 
and  when  he  was  told  of  his  sentence  of  death,  he  replied  that  he 
“liked  it  well,  that  he  should  die  before  his  heart  was  soft,  or  he 
had  spoken  anything  unworthy  of  himself.”  He  was  taken  to 
Stonington  and  there  shot  by  Oneco,  son  of  Uncas,  his  life-long 
enemy,  and  two  Sachems  of  the  Pequods,  of  equal  rank. 


384 


king  Philip’s  war, 


There  is  no  nobler  figure  in  all  the  annals  of  the  American 
Indians,  than  Canonchet,  son  of  Miantonimoh,  Sachem  of  the 
Narragansets.  As  he  had  become  the  real  head  and  life  of  the 
Indians  at  war,  so  his  capture  was  the  death-blow  to  their  hopes. 

Had  Canonchet  lived  to  carry  out  the  plans  already  entered 
upon,  it  is  probable  that  the  result  of  the  campaign  of  the  spring 
and  summer,  would  have  been  far  different.  As  it  was,  the  great 
body  of  Indians  still  for  some  time  held  together,  congregated 
upon  the  Connecticut  about  and  above  the  “  Falls,”  where  Capt. 
Turner  and  his  company  found  them  and  attacked  them,  on  May 
18th  and  19th,  1676,  as  has  already  been  related. 

Of  all  the  hostile  tribes  in  this  war,  historians  have  assumed 
that  Philip  was  the  leader  ;  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  he  was 
the  manager  as  well  as  the  instigator  of  the  war.  But  there 
were  many  powerful  chiefs  now  engaged,  and  they  were  coming 
to  realize  that  the  destruction  and  plundering  of  a  few  villages 
of  the  settlers,  here  and  there,  resulted  in  provoking  their  ven¬ 
geance,  and  in  forcing  the  Indians  themselves  to  withdraw  from 
their  old  homes,  into  swamps  and  mountains  and  remote  places. 
There  was  disaffection  among  the  chiefs,  as  they  found  the 
situation  of  their  tribes  growing  more  and  more  precarious,  and 
felt  the  same  pressure,  which  had  already  driven  the  Wampanoags, 
Narragansets  and  many  of  the  Nipmucks,  from  their  homes,  back 
upon  the  territory  of  the  Northern  tribes,  where  they  were  now 
apparently  preparing  to  settle  for  the  present,  and  were  already 
utilizing  the  fishing-places,  hunting-grounds  and  cornfields.  The 
war  party,  however,  was  greatly  in  the  majority,  being  composed 
of  those  who  were  actuated  by  desire  for  revenge,  having  lost  all ; 
those  young  and  impetuous,  who  believed  that  it  was  possible  to 
destroy  the  English,  utterly,  in  the  way  of  gaining  glory  in  war, 
according  to  their  ambition ;  and  those  who  saw  no  other  way  left 
than  to  fight  the  war  through  for  their  lives.  Philip  was  enabled 
to  maintain  some  show  of  control  over  these  chiefs,  as  it  was  he 
who  had  negotiated  with  each  tribe,  and  managed  in  securing 
for  them  supplies  of  ammunition  and  arms ;  while  he  was  also  the 
authority  to  whom  the  French  were  promising  supplies  and  men, 
for  the  reduction  of  the  plantations  in  the  coming  summer.  No 
one  of  those  now  left,  dared  to  lead  a  revolt  against  Philip,  and 
his  personal  adherents  were  in  every  camp  and  close  to  every 
chief,  so  that  plots  against  him  were  sure  to  bring  immediate 
vengeance  upon  the  plotters. 

The  Narragansets,  after  the  death  of  Canonchet,  were  drawn 
more  under  the  authority  of  Philip,  as  several  of  the  most  notable 
warriors  among  the  Narraganset  chiefs,  had  been  his  adherents 
from  the  start. 

Pomham,  or  Pumham,  whose  territory  lay  next  to  Philip’s  do¬ 
mains,  was  a  Narraganset  chief  of  that  part  of  Narraganset,  called 
Shawomet,  embracing  what  is  now  Warwick.  He  was  considered 


THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


385 


by  the  English  the  ablest  soldier  of  the  Narragansets,  in  his  day. 
Although  an  old  man,  he  was  active  in  all  the  operations  of 
Philip’s  war.  His  sons,  also,  were  brave  leaders.  He  was  killed, 
desperately  fighting  for  his  life,  in  Dedham  woods,  July  25, 1676, 
by  a  party  of  English  and  friendly  Indians,  under  Capt.  Samuel 
Hunting.  At  the  same  time  his  son  was  captured,  whom  Mr. 
Hubbard  describes  as  “  a  very  likely  Youth,  and.  one  whose 
Countenance  would  have  bespoke  Favour  for  him,  had  he  not 
belonged  to  so  bloody  and  barbarous  an  Indian  as  his  Father 
was.”  The  party  of  Indians  consisted  of  some  thirty-five,  all  of 
whom  are  said,  to  have  been  “his  relations  and  subjects.” 

Quinnapin ,  a  near  relative  of  Canonicus,  early  espoused  the 
cause  of  Philip;  he  married  Weetamoo, as  explained  above;  was 
said  to  have  been  Canonchet’s  Lieutenant  in  the  “  Fort  Fight,”  and. 
a  leader  in  the  attack  upon  Lancaster  in  February,  1675-6.  He 
purchased  Mrs.  Rowlandson  from  the  Indians  who  captured  her, 
and  from  her  account  we  learn  something  of  his  character,  habits 
and  family.  He  had  two  wives  beside  Weetamoo.  When  the 
league  of  the  tribes  in  the  West  was  broken  up,  Quinnapin 
remained,  with  Philip,  and  returned  with  him  to  the  southern 
parts.  In  August,  1676,  he  was  captured,  and  upon  the  24th  of 
that  month  was  tried  at  Newport,  R.I.,  by  a  Court-Martial,  held 
by  the  Governor  and  Assistants,  and,  with  other  captives,  was 
condemned  to  death ;  on  the  25th  he  was  shot. 

Pessacus  or  Mossup ,  a  Narraganset,  a  nephew  of  Canonicus,  and 
a  very  influential  counsellor  of  Canonchet,  remained  with  a  part 
of  the  tribe  in  the  northern  parts,  and  was  finally  killed,  beyond  the 
Pascataqua  river  in  1677,  by  the  Mohawks,  it  is  said.  There 
were  other  notable  chiefs  of  the  Narragansets  who  took  part  in 
the  war,  Potok ,  Quaqualh,  “  Stone-Wall- John,”  and  others,  but 
the  first  three  were  the  principal. 

Of  the  Wampanoags,  Philip’s  chief  men  were,  Tuspaquin , 
Sachem  of  Assowomset,  who  married  Amie,  as  she  was  called  by 
the  English,  sister  of  Philip  and  daughter  of  Massasoit.  Tuspa¬ 
quin  was  called  also  “  The  Black  Sachem,”  and  he  was  at  the 
head  of  the  large  party  of  Indians  who,  in  the  Spring  of  1676, 
hung  about  the  towns  of  Plymouth  Colony  and  made  successful 
raids  against  Scituate,  Bridgewater  and  Plymouth.  He  was  one 
of  the  last  to  hold  out  after  Philip’s  death ;  and  when  the  wan¬ 
dering  bands  were  reduced  to  a  few  handfuls  here  and  there,  he 
was  induced  to  come  in  and  surrender  by  the  promise  of  Mr. 
Church,  and  by  the  capture  of  his  family,  who  were  well  treated 
and  taken  to  Plymouth.  Mr.  Church  promised  him  that  his  life 
and  the  lives  of  his  family  should  be  spared ;  but  when  he  came 
in  and  surrendered,  Mr.  Church  was  not  at  Plymouth,  and  Tus¬ 
paquin  was  immediately  tried  and  executed. 

Annawon.  This  old  chief  appears  to  have  been  the  most  inti¬ 
mate  and  trusted  counsellor  of  Philip.  He  was  close  to  his 


386 


king  philip’s  war. 


chief  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  led  the  band  safely  out  of  the 
swamp.  He  was  captured  soon  after,  with  the  remnants  of  the 
Wampanoags,  at  a  place  within  the  present  limits  of  Rehoboth, 
and  surrendered  under  promise  of  “  good  quarter.”  He  gave  up 
the  treasure,  and  “  royalties  ”  of  Philip,  which  he  had  in  charge, 
to  Mr.  Church.  He  was  executed  at  Plymouth,  at  the  same  time 
with  Tuspaquin. 

Totoson,  son  of  the  celebrated  chief  “  Sam  Barrow,”  was 
another  of  the  “  great  captains  ”  of  Philip  who  survived  him 
awhile,  only  to  be  destroyed  by  Mr.  Church,  and  his  mixed  com¬ 
pany  of  English  and  Indians. 

Of  other  chiefs,  who  were  important  actors  in  the  war,  were  the 
various  sachems  of  the  local  tribes,  some  of  whom  have  received 
mention  in  the  course  of  this  history.  In  the  time  of  Philip’s  war, 
the  interior  tribes  of  Massachusetts  were  known  under  the  gen¬ 
eral  term  of  Nipmucks,  or  Nipnets,  while  it  is  probable  that  the 
Indians  themselves  understood  that  name  to  include  the  tribe 
which  lived  in  the  territory  included  in  Worcester  county,  south 
of  Worcester  city,  and  probably  beyond  the  State  line,  and  upon 
the  ponds,  in  the  present  towns  of  “Dudley,  Webster,  Douglas, 
Sutton,  Oxford,  Auburn,  &c.”  The  name  Nipnet,  means  “  fresh 
water,”  and  is  supposed  to  have  distinguished  these  tribes  from 
the  “  Coast  Indians.”  The  tribes,  living  along  the  Connecticut 
and  its  branches,  were  called  “  River  Indians,”  and  included  the 
Agawams,  Waranokes,  Nonotucks,  Pacomptucks  and  Squakheags. 
The  Quabaug  Indians  lived  in  the  territory  about  the  old  town 
of  Brookfield.  The  Nashaways  had  their  chief  village  at  Lancas¬ 
ter,  and  included  the  large  villages  at  “  Washakum  Ponds,”  and 
about  “  Mount  Wachusett.” 

Of  these  tribes  the  most  prominent  leaders  in  the  war  were, 
Mattoonus ,  a  Nipnet;  Monoco  and  “  Sagamore-Sam,”  of  the  Nash¬ 
aways  ;  Mawtamp  of  Quabaug,  and  Pakashokag ,  called  “  John  of 
Pakachoog.” 

Upon  Philip’s  realizing  the  growing  disaffection  of  the  River 
Indians,  and  becoming  aware  also  of  their  negotiations  with  the 
English,  to  betray  him,  he  left  the  Connecticut,  with  his  own  tribe, 
and  such  of  the  Narragansets  as  still  followed  with  him,  and  came 
to  the  parts  about  Wachusett,  where  his  force  was  increased  by 
many  of  the  Quabaugs  and  Nashaways,  under  Sagamore  Sam  and 
Mawtamp.  But  this  force  was  by  no  means  manageable,  for  any 
length  of  time,  and  only  when  being  organized  for  active  service. 
Dissensions  and  jealousies  began  to  arise,  while  the  English  were 
preparing  for  vigorous  measures  of  pursuit ;  and  about  the  first  of 
June,  1676,  Philip,  with  his  Wampanoags  and  Narragansets,  went 
away  towards  their  old  home.  Philip  and  his  tribe  went  to  Poka- 
noket,  or  Mount  Hope;  while  the  Narragansets  passed  into  their 
own  country. 

The  English  became  aware  of  his  presence  in  his  old  place,  early 


THE  HOSTILE  INDIANS. 


387 


in  July,  and  thereafter  he  was  constantly  pursued  by  parties  sent 
out  from  Boston  and  Plymouth,  but  he  could  not  be  found.  The 
Narragansets,  in  the  meantime,  were  being  pursued  and  captured 
and  destroyed  by  the  Connecticut  forces,  with  their  Mohegan  and 
Pequod  allies.  The  principal  exploit  of  these  forces  was  the 
massacre  of  the  people  of  the  “  Old  Queen,”  Magnus  (known 
also  as  the  “  Sunk  Squaw,”  and  also  as  “  Quiapen  ”  ),  on  July  2d. 
Within  a  few  days  more  than  two  hundred  of  the  enemy  came  in 
and  surrendered  to  the  Plymouth  authorities ;  and  between  that 
and  the  close  of  July,  there  was  a  constant  series  of  captures  and 
surrenders  of  the  Indians,  so  that  Philip  was  left  almost  alone ; 
even  his  wife  and  young  son  having  been  captured  by  the  Eng¬ 
lish,  mostly  the  mixed  company  under  Mr.  Church.  About  the 
7th  of  August,  a  small  company  went  out  from  Taunton,  and  capt¬ 
ured  a  party  of  the  Indians  of  Weetamo,  who,  herself,  trying  to 
escape  across  the  river  upon  a  small  raft,  was  drowned ;  and  her 
body  being  found  a  few  days  after,  her  head  was  severed,  and 
being  placed  upon  a  pole,  was  paraded  in  the  street  at  Taunton. 

Philip,  at  last,  being  hunted  down  by  the  English  and  Indians 
on  every  side,  retired,  with  a  few  of  his  staunchest  friends,  to  his 
old  retreat  in  a  swamp  at  Mount  Hope.  Mr.  Church  was  then 
in  command  of  a  scouting  company  of  English  and  Indians  from 
Plymouth,  and  having  passed  over  from  Pocasset,  where  he  left 
most  of  his  company,  to  Rhode  Island,  to  Major  Sanford’s,  he 
there  heard  from  the  Major  and  Capt.  Golding,  of  Philip’s  con¬ 
dition,  as  reported  by  a  deserter,  whose  brother  Philip  had  killed, 
for  advising  surrender.  This  Indian  offered  to  pilot  the  English 
to  Philip’s  hiding-place.  Major  Sanford  and  Capt.  Golding  both 
offered  to  go  with  his  company  to  assist  in  Philip’s  capture. 
They  were  soon  back  at  “Trip’s  Ferry,”  with  the  rest  of  his 
company  under  Capt.  John  Williams  of  Scituate.  Having  arrived 
at  the  swamp,  piloted  by  the  deserter,  Mr.  Church  requested 
Capt.  Golding  to  lead  the  skirmishing  party,  led  by  the  pilot, 
into  the  swamp,  to  “  beat  up  the  quarters  ”  of  Philip.  This  the 
Captain  accepted,  and  drew  out  his  allotted  men.  Church 
instructed  him  to  creep  forward  as  silently  as  possible,  in  order 
to  encompass  and  surprise  the  Indians,  but  when  discovered 
to  shout  and  make  all  possible  noise,  as  the  orders  to  the  various 
ambuscades  were  to  fire  upon  all,  who  came  towards  them  silently. 
Mr.  Church  then  placed  the  rest  of  the  men,  with  most  of  the 
Indians  under  Capt.  Williams,  so  as  to  encompass  all  ways  of 
escape  from  the  swamp,  placing  an  Englishman  and  an  Indian 
together.  Hardly  had  these  arrangements  been  completed  when 
a  musket-shot,  followed  by  a  whole  volley,  rang  through  the 
swamp,  and  then  the  general  onset  began.  The  Indians  were 
taken  completely  by  surprise,  and  Philip,  springing  hastily  from 
his  sleep,  under  the  rude  open  wigwam,  seized  his  powder-horn 
and  gun,  and  started  from  the  hillside,  where  he  had  made  his 


388 


king  philip’s  war. 


camp,  for  the  deeper  security  of  the  swamp.  But  in  his  flight, 
he  came  face  to  face  with  two  of  Mr.  Church’s  men,  and,  the 
Englishman’s  musket  missing  fire,  the  Indian  immediately  shot 
the  great  chieftain  through  the  breast,  so  that  he  fell  forward 
upon  his  face,  with  his  gun  beneath  him,  in  the  water  of  the 
swamp.  The  Indian  who  killed  Philip  was  named  Alderman, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  the  same  who  betrayed  his  hiding-place. 
When  this  Indian  ran  to  Mr.  Church  with  the  news  of  his 
achievement,  he  was  told  to  keep  it  secret  until  after  the  rest  of 
the  enemy  had  been  beaten  out  of  the  swamp,  or  captured  or 
killed.  Their  retreat  and  escape  from  the  English  was  ably  con¬ 
ducted  by  old  Annawon,  Philip’s  chief  Sachem.  When  all  the 
company  had  gathered  about  the  place,  where  Philip’s  party  had 
bivouacked,  Mr.  Church  told  them  the  great  news  of  Philip’s 
death,  and  presently  ordered  some  of  the  Indians  to  drag  him 
out  of  the  swamp,  to  the  solid  land.  There  he  was  chopped  in 
quarters  and  beheaded,  and  left  unburied;  his  head  and  one 
hand  were  given  to  Alderman  as  a  reward,  and  in  Mr.  Church’s 
account  it  is  said  that  he  got  “  many  a  penny  ”  by  showing  the 
hand. 

Such  was  the  end  of  Philip  of  Mount  Hope,  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  characters  in  all  American  history,  whose  biography 
has  never  yet  been  adequately  written,  and  who,  although  by  no 
means  a  hero,  or  a  character  to  be  admired,  was,  without  doubt,  a 
wise  and  skilful  leader,  and  more  dreaded  by  the  colonists  than 
any  other  man,  before  or  after  him. 

His  death  was  heard  of  with  universal  rejoicing,  in  the  colo¬ 
nies,  and  was  considered  as  the  practical  close  of  the  war. 


XXVII. 


CHRISTIAN  INDIANS  OF  NEW  ENGLAND. 


IN  this  history,  reference  has  constantly  been  made  to  the 
Christian  or  Friendly  Indians,  and  in  some  cases,  comments 
have  been  made  as  to  their  relation  to  the  war,  their  per¬ 
sonal  services,  etc.  It  seems  fitting  that  some  more  general  and 
definite  reference  should  be  made  to  their  services,  and  their  rela¬ 
tion  to  the  Colony,  as  well  as  to  their  place  in  public  opinion. 

In  preceding  chapters,  many  incidents  concerning  the  Chris¬ 
tian  Indians  have  been  related  in  connection  with  the  operations 
of  the  English  soldiers,  while  the  same  matters,  somewhat  more 
at  length,  are  here  related  again.  It  will  be  readily  understood, 
that  these  repetitions  are  made  for  the  sake  of  preserving  the 
continuity  of  the  story,  in  this  chapter  devoted  to  these  Indians. 

In  order  to  a  clear  understanding,  it  may  be  well  to  refer 
briefly  to  the  origin  of  the  movement,  which  resulted  in  “  chris¬ 
tianizing  ”  a  part  of  the  Indians  in  the  New  England  Colonies. 
The  experiment  was  inaugurated  by  the  zealous  efforts  of  Rev. 
John  Eliot,  who  came  to  New  England  in  the  ship  “Lyon, 
William  Peirce  Master,”  which  arrived  in  Boston,  November  3, 
1631.  He  was  born  in  Nasing,  Essex,  England,  in  1604,  “  of 
godly  parents.”  He  was  a  fellow  of  Jesus  College,  Cambridge, 
where  he  received  his  B.A.  degree,  in  1622. 

Upon  his  arrival  in  Boston,  Mr.  Eliot  was  engaged  to  officiate 
in  the  church  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Wilson,  the  pastor,  then  in 
England;  and  next  year,  his  friends,  to  whom  he  was  partly 
engaged  before  leaving  England,  having  arrived  and  settled  at 
Roxbury,  he  was  called  to  their  new  church,  and  there  ordained 
as  their  teacher,  in  1632.  His  affianced  wife  arrived  in  the 
summer  of  that  year,  and  they  were  married  in  October.  Mr. 
Eliot  soon  evinced  deep  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  Indians, 
and  studied  their  language  and  habits,  and  especially  their 
habits  of  thought  in  the  direction  of  religion.1  He  went  much 
amongst  them,  and,  in  order  to  a  closer  study  of  their  language, 
hired  one  of  good  intelligence  and  spirit,  to  live  at  his  house  and 

1  A  very  interesting  little  book  has  just  now  (May,  1896)  been  written  by  Mr,  William  Wallace 
Tooker,  giving  the  biography  of  a  Long  Island  Indian  named  Cheekanoe  or  Cockenoe ,  and  pre¬ 
senting  a  claim,  with  strong  circumstantial  evidence,  that  he  was  identical  with  the  young  Pequot 
captive  of  whom  Mr.  Eliot  speaks,  as  living  at  Mr.  Richard  Calicott’s  in  Dorchester,  and  who  was 
the  first  to  teach  Mr.  Eliot  the  Indian  language,  and  his  first  interpreter. 


390 


king  philip’s  war. 

assist  in  his  studies.  This  Indian  was  Job  Nesutan,  and  he  was 
Mr.  Eliot’s  chief  assistant,  but  was  killed  at  the  beginning  of 
Philip’s  War,  while  serving  with  the  English  against  Philip, 
though  he  was  then  eighty-six  years  old.  Mr.  Eliot  was 
eminent  for  his  learning,  especially  in  Hebrew,  but  was  more 
eminent  for  his  deep  piety  and  self-consecration  to  his  chosen 
work.  He  was  particularly  impressed  with  the  great  oppor¬ 
tunity  presented  by  the  Indian  tribes,  for  the  spread  of  the 
gospel  of  Christ.  He  marked  with  great  concern  the  general 
indifference  of  the  English  to  this  opportunity  for  Christian 
work,  but  doubled  his  own  endeavors  to  achieve  the  great 
purpose.  There  is  no  more  glorious  achievement  in  our  annals, 
both  for  its  heroic  spirit  and  its  vast  labor,  than  his  mastering  of 
the  Indian  language  and  his  translation  of  the  Bible  into  the 
Indian  tongue.  In  the  meantime,  the  Indians  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood  of  the  settlements,  had  lived  mostly  at  peace  with  the 
English,  who  had  bought  their  lands,  peltry,  and  labor,  and  paid 
in  “  truck,”  cheap  clothes,  fire-arms,  “  fire-water,”  etc. ;  for  the 
most  part  carrying  on  with  them  a  system  of  deception  and 
extortion  which  we,  in  our  reverence  for  the  Puritans  and 
Pilgrims,  can  hardly  realize  as  possible.  But  we  remember  the 
confidence  of  their  religious  purpose,  and  their  strong  faith  that 
God  meant  this  country  for  them,  and  to  “  give  the  lands  of  the 
heathen  for  their  inheritance ;  ”  and  they  looked  upon  the 
Indians,  as  the  Jews  upon  the  Gentiles  of  old,  as  necessary 
impediments  to  their  onward  course,  to  be  used  for  their  own 
advantage,  when  possible,  or  to  be  pushed  aside  at  will.  But  all 
did  not  hold  this  opinion;  and  there  were  many  among  the 
leaders,  in  all  the  colonies,  who  from  the  first,  regarded  the  rights 
of  the  Indians,  and  sought  to  help  them;  and  many  believed 
that  they  should  be  treated  with  justice  under  the  laws,  their 
rights  maintained,  and  their  spiritual  welfare  secured  by  the 
efforts  of  the  Courts  and  the  Churches. 

Many  letters  had  been  written  by  the  settlers,  to  their  friends 
in  England,  about  the  Indians  and  their  habits,  and  also  of  the 
remarkable  success  of  the  French  Jesuits  in  converting  them  to 
their  religion ;  all  which  had  the  effect  of  stirring  up  a  strong 
sentiment  in  England  towards  the  evangelization  of  the  Indians 
in  New  England,  by  the  settlers.  But  greatest  of  all  influences 
tending  to  this  purpose,  were  the  letters  and  tracts  of  Mr.  Eliot. 
Several  of  the  tracts  are  still  preserved,  and  No.  1  was  reprinted 
in  1865,  for  Joseph  Sabin,  New  York.  This  “  Tract  I.”  was  first 
printed  in  1643,  with  the  following  title : 

New  England’s  First  Fruits  in  respect  — 
f  Conversion  of  Some  1 
First  of  the  -j  Conviction  of  divers  V  of  the  Indians. 

(  Preparation  of  Sundry  j 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


391 


The  remainder  of  the  title  referred  to  the  “  Colledge  at  Cam¬ 
bridge,”  etc. 

Later,  three  other  tracts  appeared,  viz. : 

Tract  II.1  The  Day  breaking  if  not  the  Sun  rising  of  the  Gospel 
with  the  Indians  in  New  England.  London,  1647. 

Tract  III.  The  clear  sunshine  of  the  Gospel  breaking  forth  upon 
the  Indians  of  New  England.  Thomas  Shepard,  London,  1648. 

Tract  IV.  The  glorious  progress  of  the  Gospel  amongst  the 
Indians  of  New  England.  Edward  Winslow,  London,  1649. 

There  were  eleven  tracts  in  all,  the  last  issued  in  1671. 

In  1646,  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  passed  an  Act  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  amongst  the  Indians,  and  recom¬ 
mending  elders  of  the  churches  to  take  measures  for  carrying  this 
into  effect. 

In  England,  great  interest  was  shown  in  the  work,  and  Mr. 
Eliot  received  pecuniary  assistance  for  establishing  schools  among 
the  natives.  Oliver  Cromwell  and  other  high  dignitaries  were 
greatly  interested,  and  July  27,  1649,  an  Ordinance  was  passed 
by  the  “  Long  Parliament,”  forming  “  A  Corporation  for  the 
Promoting  and  Propagating  the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ  in  New 
England.”  Nearly  <£12,000  in  money  was  collected  and  in¬ 
vested  by  this  corporation,  for  the  purposes  set  forth ;  and  Com¬ 
missioners,  and  a  Treasurer  were  appointed  in  New  England  to 
receive  and  expend  the  income,  chiefly  in  Massachusetts,  near 
Boston,  but  a  portion  in  somewhat  distant  parts,  and  in  New 
York.  Upon  the  Restoration  of  Charles  II.  in  1660,  this  corpora¬ 
tion  was  annulled,  but  by  the  extreme  exertions  of  Hon.  Robert 
Boyle,  the  company  was  reestablished  with  a  royal  charter,  and 
kept  up  its  work.  The  work  was  chiefly  done  by  itinerant 
teachers,  preachers  and  missionaries,  and  was  kept  up  in  various 
stations  until  the  Revolution,  after  which,  by  the  charter,  it  had 
to  be  transferred  to  the  Provinces.2 

On  October  28th,  1646,  Mr.  Eliot,  by  appointment,  met  a  small 
congregation  of  Indians  at  Nonantum,  now  within  the  city  of 
Newton,  and  preached  to  them  in  their  own  tongue.  The  meet¬ 
ing  was  held  in  the  wigwam  of  one  named  Waban,  who  was 
converted  afterwards  and  became  ruler  of  the  “  Praying  Village  ” 
at  Natick.  Mr.  Eliot  labored  thereafter  unceasingly  in  behalf  of 
the  Indians,  and  chiefly  through  his  wisdom,  fidelity  and  devotion, 
the  Christian  Indian  communities  attained  the  size  and  efficiency, 

1  Reprinted  in  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.,  vol.  xxiv.  1-23. 

!  Interesting  details  concerning  this  society  will  be  found  in  the  New  England  Historical 
and  Genealogical  Register,  vol.  36,  pages  157-161,  371-6;  and  vol.  39,  pages  299-300.  The 
society,  which  is  still  in  existence,  is  now  called  the  “  New  England  Society.”  Two  societies  in¬ 
corporated  since,  and  both  still  in  existence,  have  similar  names,  and  are  likely  to  be  confounded 
with  it,  namely,  “  The  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts,”  incorporated 
in  1701;  and  “The  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  among  the  Indians  and  others  in  North 
America,”  incorporated  in  1787.  See  above-mentioned  “Register,”  vol.  39,  pp.  182-3,  and  vol. 
42,  pp.  329-30. 


392 


kistg  philip’s  war. 

with  which  they  were  found  at  the  beginning  of  Philip’s  war, 
their  relations  to  which,  we  started  mainly  to  consider. 

From  Major-General  Gookin’s  “  History  of  the  Christian  Ind¬ 
ians  ”  we  learn  nearly  all  that  is  known  of  their  numbers,  progress, 
conditions,  sufferings  and  services  during  Philip’s  war.  In  the 
beginning  he  says  : 

The  Christian  Indians  in  New  England  have  their  dwellings  in  sundry 
jurisdictions  of  the  English  Colonies,  and  that  at  a  considerable  dis¬ 
tance  from  each  other ;  more  particularly, 

1st.  Upon  the  Islands  of  Nantucket  and  Martha’s  Vineyard,  in 
which  two  islands  there  inhabit  many  hundreds  of  them  that  visibly 
profess  the  Gospel.  These  Indians  have  felt  very  little  of  this  war 
comparatively;  for  the  English  that  dwell  upon  those  Islands  have 
held  a  good  correspondence  with  these  Indians  all  the  time  of  the  war, 
as  they  did  before  the  war  began,  etc. 

Gen.  Gookin  says  these  “  Island  Indians  ”  were  accustomed  to 
come  up  into  the  colonies  to  work  in  the  summer  for  the  settlers, 
and  thus  to  supply  themselves  with  clothing  and  other  things 
which  were  very  scarce  upon  the  islands.  When  the  war  broke 
out  these  were  all  sent  back  to  their  homes  with  great  loss,  “  be¬ 
cause  the  English  were  so  jealous,  and  filled  with  animosity 
against  all  Indians  without  exception.”  These,  therefore,  had  no 
part  in  the  war. 

2nd.  Another  considerable  number  of  Christian  Indians  live  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  New  Plymouth,  called  the  Cape  Indians. 

He  speaks  of  the  assistance  which  these  rendered  the  English 
in  the  war,  but  says  that  the  English  in  the  Plymouth  colony 
were  slow  to  employ  them,  being  suspicious  of  them,  as  they  were 
related  to  the  Wampanoags,  but  there  was  no  evidence  of  bad 
faith  on  their  part  in  any  instance.  These,  like  the  Island 
Indians,  were  outside  active  participation,  except  those  who  served 
with  the  English. 

He  mentions  next,  the  small  number  of  those  belonging  to  the 
Mohegans,  and  living  at  New  Warwick,  Connecticut,  who  had 
been  taught  by  Rev.  James  Fitch,  pastor  of  the  church  at  Nor¬ 
wich.  There  were  about  forty  of  these  Indians  who  had  become 
Christians  in  profession,  through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Fitch;  while 
Uncas  their  chief,  and  his  son  Oneko,  were  bitterly  opposed  to 
the  teaching  and  preaching  among  the  Mohegans.  But  all  were 
on  friendly  terms  with  the  colonies,  and  served  very  gladly  when¬ 
ever  the  service  would  lead  them  against  the  Narragansets,  their 
ancient  implacable  enemies.  In  their  character  as  “  Christian  ” 
Indians,  they  did  not,  therefore,  attain  much  prominence. 

The  chief  body  of  the  Christian  Indians  were  lastly,  those 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony,  “  who  were 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


393 


taught  and  instructed  in  the  Christian  faith,  by  that  indefatigable 
servant  of  God  and  minister  of  Christ,  Mr.  John  Eliot ;  ”  who, 
Gen.  Gookin  declares  (in  1676-7),  has  labored  among  all  the 
praying  Indians  in  New  England,  more  or  less  for  thirty  years. 
Of  the  Massachusetts  Christian  Indians  he  speaks  in  full,  these 
having  been  under  his  special  superintendence,  and  having  been 
more  concerned  in  the  war,  than  any  or  all  the  rest. 

There  were  seven  villages  of  these  Christian  Indians,  all  to  the 
south  of  the  Merrimac  River,  viz. : 

Wamesit,  included  in  old  Chelmsford,  but  now  the  city  of 
Lowell. 

Nashobah,  within  the  present  town  of  Littleton. 

Okkokonimesit,  or  Marlborough. 

Hassannamesit,  or  Grafton. 

Makunkokoag,  now  Hopkinton. 

Natick,  which  has  preserved  its  name  to  the  present. 

Punkapog  or  Pakomit,  which  is  now  partly  in  Canton,  Mass. 

These  were  the  “  Old  Praying  ”  villages,  so-called,  in  distinc¬ 
tion  from  some  half  dozen  villages  among  the  Nipmucks,  called 
the  “  New  Praying  Towns,”  which  latter,  however,  were  just 
beginning,  and  soon  fell  off  from  the  English,  when  their  tribes 
joined  in  the  war. 

■  A  few  of  these  only,  came  to  Marlborough  and  joined  the 
Christian  Indians  there,  and  remained  until  forced  away  by  their 
tribes  in  hostility.  These  “  Praying  towns  ”  were  so  located 
that  they  might  have  formed  a  line  of  defence,  for  the  greater 
part  of  the  Massachusetts  towns  upon  the  frontier;  and  it  was 
proposed  and  urged  by  those  who  knew  most  about  these  Chris¬ 
tian  Indians  that  the  forts,  which  in  most  cases  they  had  built 
for  themselves,  under  the  direction  of  the  English,  should  now 
be  garrisoned  by  them,  with  English  officers  and  about  one 
third  of  the  garrison  English  soldiers ;  and  that  these  should 
be  improved  in  scouting  and  guarding  the  frontiers.  There  is 
little  doubt  that  this  course  would  have  saved  most  of  the 
destruction  and  bloodshed,  which  took  place  in  Massachusetts 
during  the  war ;  but  there  was  a  furious  popular  prejudice 
against  all  Indians,  and  the  majority  of  the  population  had  no 
confidence  in  any  attempt  to  employ  Indians  in  military  move¬ 
ments. 

The  Mohegans  and  Pequods,  under  Uncas,  were  in  alliance 
with  the  English,  and  were  bound  to  them  by  their  hostility  to 
the  Narragansets,  and  though  not  Christian  Indians,  serve  to 
illustrate  the  wisdom  of  the  plan  proposed  in  Massachusetts  by 
Gen.  Gookin.  For  the  hostile  Indians  never  dared  to  invade  the 
Connecticut  Colony  to  any  notable  extent,  and  burned  only  one 
small  (and  already  deserted)  village,  during  the  whole  war. 

In  the  beginning  of  the  war,  in  the  campaign  at  Mount  Hope, 
we  have  seen  that  the  Mohegans,  with  a  few  of  the  Christian 


394 


king  philip’s  war. 


Indians  from  Natick,  did  all  the  execution  which  was  wrought 
upon  Philip  in  his  retreat. 

A  Christian  Indian,  John  Sassamon,  whom  Gen.  Gookin  calls 
the  “  first  Martyr  of  the  Christian  Indians,”  and  whose  story  is 
told  in  the  first  chapter,  ante  page  25,  was,  we  have  seen,  mur¬ 
dered  for  his  discovery  of  Philip’s  plans  to  the  English.  He  was 
killed  by  Philip’s  order,  and  his  murderers  were  afterwards  arrested 
and  executed  by  the  English.  It  was  this  conviction  and  execu¬ 
tion  of  the  murderers  of  Sassamon,  undoubtedly,  which  precipitated 
the  war  at  least  a  year  before  Philip  had  planned  its  beginning. 
In  the  meantime,  several  of  the  Christian  Indians  had  expressed 
their  belief,  that  a  plan  was  on  foot  for  the  general  destruction  of 
the  English  in  the  colonies  ;  and  among  these  was  Waban,  a  Nip- 
muck,  at  whose  tent,  amongst  that  people,  Mr.  Eliot  had  first 
preached  to  them  in  their  own  tongue.  Waban  himself,  having 
been  the  first  of  his  tribe  to  be  converted,  became  afterwards  the 
principal  ruler  of  the  Christian  Indians  at  Natick.  In  April,  1675, 
Waban  came  to  Gen.  Gookin  and  warned  him  of  Philip’s  intention, 
shortly  to  attack  the  English ;  and  again  in  May,  he  came  and 
urged  the  same,  and  said  that  “just  as  soon  as  the  trees  were 
leaved  out,”  the  Indians  would  fall  upon  the  towns.  Very  little 
attention  was  paid  to  these  reports  by  the  Governor  and  Council 
at  Boston,  and  within  a  month  the  despatch  came  from  Plymouth 
that  the  war  had  begun,  account  of  which  has  been  given. 

When  the  forces  first  marched  out  to  Mount  Hope,  June  24th, 
1675,  Capt.  Prentice  took  with  him  as  guides  three  Christian 
Indians,  viz.,  James  Quanapohit ;  Thomas  Quanapohit,  alias 
“  Rumneymarsh,”  his  brother ;  and  Zachary  Abram,  all  of  whom, 
in  that  campaign,  acquitted  themselves  bravely  and  well,  despite 
the  bitter  hostility  of  many  of  the  officers  and  soldiers,  and  their 
threats  and  open  insults.  If  our  soldiers  had  not  been  blinded  by 
the  popular  clamor  against  all  Indians,  they  would  have  seen  in 
their  experience  with  these  scouts,  and  in  the  success  of  Uncas 
and  his  Indians  a  few  days  later,  the  utter  uselessness  of  the 
noisy  and  clumsy  infantry  tactics  of  the  English,  in  Indian  war¬ 
fare,  whenever  it  was  a  march  of  invasion  or  pursuit.  The  enemy 
were  always  apprised  of  the  coming  of  the  troops  for  miles  ahead. 
The  Connecticut  officers  and  soldiers  were  readier  to  learn  of 
their  Indian  allies,  and  were  thus  saved  from  many  disasters,  and 
secured  many  substantial  victories.  It  is  related,  that  in  one  of 
their  marches  into  the  enemy’s  country,  one  of  the  English  soldiers 
wore  squeaking  shoes,  and  the  Indian  leader  insisted  upon  his 
changing  them  for  his  own  moccasins,  while  he  carried  the  shoes, 
slung  at  his  back,  and  himself  went  barefoot.  Another  of  the  sol¬ 
diers  wore  a  pair  of  leather  breeches  which  being  dry  made  a  rust¬ 
ling  noise,  which  the  Indian  objected  to,  and  refused  to  proceed, 
until  the  breeches  were  either  removed  or  soaked  in  water,  to 
prevent  the  rustling.  The  chief  element  of  success  in  Indian 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


395 


warfare  was  the  secrecy  and  silence  of  their  movements.  We 
can  appreciate,  therefore,  the  immense  advantage  the  early  and 
general  use  of  the  friendly  Indians,  would  have  brought  to 
the  forces  of  the  colony.  It  is  probable  that  nearly  all  the 
fearful  disasters  which  came  to  our  troops,  and  the  many 
defeats  and  disappointments  which  came  to  their  plans,  might 
have  been  prevented,  but  for  that  stupid  prejudice  and  dis¬ 
trust  which  shut  out,  and  contemptuously  ignored,  the  willing 
services  of  the  Christian  Indians.  The  Governor  and  Council, 
and  most  of  the  men  in  authority,  and  many  of  the  chief  officers 
like  Gen.  Denison,  Major  Willard,  Major  Savage,  Capts.  Prentice 
and  Henchman,  favored  the  use  of  friendly  Indians ;  indeed  the 
Governor,  July  2,  1675,  gave  orders  to  Gen.  Gookin  to  raise  a 
company  of  the  Christian  Indians,  for  service  at  Mount  Hope.  In 
pursuance  of  this,  one-third  of  the  able-bodied  men  in  all  the 
villages  were  mustered,  and  amounted  to  a  company  of  fifty-two. 
This  company  was  conducted  to  Mount  Hope  by  Capt.  Johnson 
and  a  small  escort,  and  there  delivered  to  the  commander  of  the 
forces.  All  served  twenty-five  days,  when  one-half  their  number 
were  dismissed,  the  rest  remaining  until  the  close  of  the  campaign, 
as  seen  under  the  chapter  devoted  to  Capt.  Henchman’s  opera¬ 
tions.  All  acquitted  themselves  satisfactorily  to  their  officers. 
Some  of  them  proved  their  sincerity  in  the  barbarous  way  of  that 
day;  for  it  is  told  that  John  Hunter,  Thomas  Quanapohit,  and 
Felix,  brought  home  to  Gov.  Leverett  four  of  the  scalps  of  ene¬ 
mies  slain  by  their  hands  in  this  campaign;  and  JobNesutan,  the 
principal  assistant  of  Mr.  Eliot  in  his  translation  of  the  Bible,  was 
killed.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  if  in  the  pursuit  of  Philip 
into  the  Nipmuck  country,  the  counsel  of  the  Natick  Indians  had 
been  heeded  by  Capt.  Henchman,  Philip  and  most  of  his  company 
would  have  been  destroyed,  the  Mohegans  having  on  the  previous 
day  sorely  pressed  them  and  driven  them  into  swamps. 

In  the  negotiations  attempted  by  Capt.  Hutchinson  with 
Quabaug  Indians,  three  of  the  Christian  Indians  were  sent  as 
guides  and  interpreters,  viz. :  George  Memecho,  and  the  brothers 
Joseph  and  Sampson,  sons  of  old  Robin  Petuhanit,  deceased. 
These  all  strongly  advised  against  the  advance,  and  warned  the 
English,  but  were  in  the  fight  with  Capt.  Wheeler’s  men.  George 
was  captured  and  afterwards  escaped,  bringing  back  an  intelligent 
account  of  the  situation  of  the  hostile  tribes ;  and  it  is  probable 
that  the  entire  force  under  Capt.  Wheeler  would  have  been 
destroyed  but  for  the  fidelity  and  skill  of  Joseph  and  Sampson, 
in  conducting  the  retreat  and  avoiding  the  ambush  set  by  the 
enemy.  But,  although  this  was  known  and  vouched  for  by  the 
officers,  the  popular  feeling  was  so  bitter,  that  these  two  were 
threatened  and  insulted  by  the  soldiers,  so  that  in  utter  discourage¬ 
ment  they  fell  away  to  the  enemy  at  Hassanamesit,  and  Sampson 
was  slain  in  fight  by  some  friendly  Indian  scouts  at  Wachusett ; 


396 


king  philip’s  war. 


while  Joseph,  having  been  captured,  was  sold  into  slavery  at 
Jamaica,  by  some  Boston  merchants,  but  afterwards,  by  Mr. 
Eliot’s  importunity,  was  brought  back  again,  though  never  re¬ 
leased. 

Finally,  Aug.  30,  1675,  the  Governor  and  Council,  yielding  to 
popular  prejudice,  against  their  own  better  judgment,  decreed 
the  disbandment  of  all  Christian  Indian  companies  in  service ; 
and  that  they  be  restrained  from  all  usual  commerce  with  the 
English,  and  confined  to  their  five  villages ;  and  no  one  of  them 
to  travel  more  than  one  mile  from  the  centre  of  such  village 
except  in  the  company  of  English,  or  on  service.  The  five  villages 
designated  were  Natick,  Punquapog,  Nashobah,  Wamesit,  and 
Hassanamesit.  All  Christian  Indians  were  to  repair  to  these 
villages.  If  any  shall  be  found  breaking  these  rules,  the  English 
are  at  liberty  to  shoot  them  down  as  enemies,  or  arrest  them.  It 
was  recommended  by  the  Court  that  several  of  the  English  should 
reside  in  each  village,  and  this  was  earnestly  desired  by  the 
Indians  themselves,  for  their  own  protection  ;  but  few  could  be 
found  who  were  willing  to  withstand  popular  prejudice,  as  all 
who  expressed  sympathy  or  confidence  towards  these  Indians 
were  at  once  denounced  as  fools  or  traitors.  Maj.  Gen.  Gookin, 
and  even  the  saintly  Eliot,  were  loaded  with  reproaches  and 
threats,  and  insulted  in  the  streets,  because  of  their  advocacy  of 
the  rights  of  the  Christian  Indians.  John  Watson,  senior,  and 
Henry  Prentiss,  of  Cambridge,  were  with  the  Naticks  for  twelve 
weeks  and  gave  certificate  of  their  orderly,  discreet  and  religious 
conduct.  Although  Watson  had  gone  among  them  bitterly 
opposed  to  them,  and  sharing  the  common  opinion  against  them, 
he  was  entirely  converted  by  his  experience,  and  declared  it, 
though  incurring  much  popular  indignation  by  that  course. 
Chief  among  the  officers  who  led  the  hostile  fury  was  Capt. 
Mosely  in  Boston,  whose  acts  of  persecution  are  set  down  in  the 
chapter  heretofore  devoted  to  him,  among  which  the  breaking  up 
of  the  village  at  Marlborough,  and  the  imprisonment  of  the  help¬ 
less  and  harmless  Indians,  was  perhaps  the  most  open  outrage 
sustained  by  any ;  and  it  is  to  the  credit  of  the  magistrates  that 
they  did  not  yield  to  the  tremendous  pressure  of  the  people’s 
rage,  which  by  every  device  possible  kept  these  poor  creatures  on 
trial  for  their  lives,  and  imprisoned  through  many  weeks.  Early 
in  October,  the  fever  rose  to  its  height,  and  the  Court  was  impor¬ 
tuned  with  many  petitions  to  remove  all  the  Christian  Indians 
to  one  place,  and  put  them  under  military  guard.  In  spite  of  all 
proof  and  testimony,  and  all  the  favor  of  the  Court,  and  the  best 
conscience  of  the  community,  together  with  the  advocacy  of 
Gen.  Gookin,  Mr.  Eliot,  Corporal  Thomas  Swift,  inspector  at 
Punquapog,  John  Watson  above  mentioned,  Mr.  John  Hoar  of 
Concord,  and  others,  the  popular  frenzy  prevailed,  and  there 
is  no  doubt  that,  in  several  cases,  fires  were  set  and  damage  was 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


397 


done,  by  inhabitants  living  near  the  “  Praying  Villages,”  who 
hated  these  Indians  and  desired  their  removal ;  or  often  by  hostile 
Indians  who  were  skulking  about  in  the  neighborhood,  and  knew 
they  had  more  to  fear  from  the  scouts  of  these  Christian  Indians 
than  from  all  the  troops  of  the  English.  October  18th,  a  party  of 
the  hostile  Indians  set  fire  to  a  haystack  of  Lieut.  Richardson  at 
Chelmsford,  and  managed  so  that  the  deed  should  appear  to  be 
done  by  the  Wamesit  Praying  Indians,  that  so  the  English  should 
remove  them  from  their  village,  or  so  persecute  them  as  to  drive 
them  to  the  enemy.  This  crime  was  afterward  confessed  by 
Nathaniel,  a  hostile  Indian,  who  was  taken  at  Dover  by  the 
strategy  of  Major  Waldron,  and  executed  at  Boston.  Although 
Lieut.  Richardson  declared  that  the  “  Praying  Indians  ”  were  his 
warm  friends,  and  would  never  injure  him,  their  best  friend  in 
those  parts,  all  availed  nothing,  the  vulgar  clamor  prevailed,  and 
the  Court  next  day,  passed  an  order  for  the  troopers  to  bring  down 
the  Wamesits,  and  also  the  Punkapogs,  upon  some  like  occasion 
of  complaint. 

This  order  of  the  Council  was  carried  out  by  a  strong  guard 
of  troopers  and  infantry.  The  whole  number  of  the  Wamesits, 
in  their  village,  was  one  hundred  and  forty-five,  of  whom  only 
thirty-three  were  able-bodied  men.  The  original  order  was  for 
all  to  be  brought  down ;  but  after  the  village  had  been  broken  up 
and  all  had  been  started  on  the  way,  it  occurred  to  the  Council 
that  there  were  no  sufficient  accommodations  for  so  large  a  body 
of  people,  especially  Indians,  and  they  prudently  ordered  all, 
save  the  able-bodied,  back  to  their  village.  The  thirty-three  men 
were  brought  down  to  Charlestown,  and  lodged  in  the  town- 
house,  under  guard,  for  a  few  days,  arid  then  all  except  a  few, 
against  whom  some  suspicions  existed,  were  returned  to  their 
homes.  The  Punkapogs  were  brought  as  far  as  Dorchester,  but 
after  an  interview  with  their  ruler,  William  Ahaton,  the  Council 
sent  all  the  tribe,  save  a  few  “suspects,”  home.  About  the  first 
of  October  a  great  clamor  was  raised  against  the  Naticks,  accusing 
them  of  burning  an  old  empty  building  in  Dedham.  It  was  a 
false  device  of  their  enemies  to  ruin  them ;  but  in  spite  of  all  the 
better  influence  of  the  magistrates  and  ministers,  the  design 
practically  succeeded.  The  popular  fury  so  raged  that  the 
authorities  and  the  friends  of  these  Indians  believed  that  it  would 
be  best  to  get  them  down  to  Deer  Island.  This  was  accom¬ 
plished,  and  although  Capt.  Prentice,  their  good  friend,  conducted 
them  down,  and  did  all  he  could  to  protect  them,  their  neighbors, 
the  English,  as  soon  as  they  had  left  their  homes,  immediately 
fell  upon  their  villages  and  robbed  them  of  everything  which  they 
had  left  behind ;  and  they  had  been  obliged  to  leave  their  homes 
at  an  hour’s  notice.  Their  guns,  hunting-gear,  ammunition, 
stores,  etc.,  all  which  was  their  own  private  property,  were 
plundered  by  their  English  neighbors  and  never  returned  to 


398 


king  philip’s  war. 


them.  Rev.  Mr.  Eliot,  Major  Gookin  and  others  of  their  friends, 
met  them  at  the  “Falls  of  the  Charles  River”  and  they  were 
taken  down  to  Deer  Island  in  boats,  with  such  of  their  poor 
belongings  as  they  were  able  to  bring  along.  Some  two  hundred 
in  all  were  landed  upon  the  bleak  island,  with  scant  clothing  and 
food,  and  no  shelter  save  such  as  they  might  construct.  They 
suffered  incredibly  in  many  ways,  being  obliged  to  subsist  largely 
upon  clams,  and  such  fish  as  might  be  taken  from  the  shore. 

In  November,  the  Hassanamesit  Praying  Village  was  attacked 
by  the  hostile  Indians,  and  about  fifty  men  and  one  hundred  and 
fifty  women  and  children  captured.  They  had  been  disarmed 
by  the  English,  and  so  abused  and  threatened  by  their  English 
neighbors  that  many  went  willingly,  as  they  were  persuaded  that 
the  English  were  mostly  hostile  to  them,  and  meant  to  destroy 
them.  James  Speen  and  Job  Kattenanit  escaped  and  brought 
the  news  to  the  English.  Their  ruler  “  Capt.  Tom,”  alias 
“  Wuttasacomponom,”  had  been  a  tried  and  trusted  friend  of 
the  English,  but  had  been  so  insulted  and  threatened  by  some 
of  them  that  he  yielded  to  the  enemy,  and  many  others  followed 
with  him.  The  pastor  of  their  church,  Joseph  Tuckapawillin, 
and  his  aged  father  Naoas,  went  unwillingly  and  sorrowfully. 

By  this  stroke  the  cause  of  christianizing  the  Indians  met  with 
a  very  severe  check,  there  being  three  villages,  viz.,  Hassanamesit, 
Magunkog  and  Chobonokonomum,  broken  up.  Properly  armed 
and  garrisoned  with  a.  few  English,  along  with  the  Indians,  these 
villages  would  have  been  a  strong  defence  in  the  war.  It  was 
upon  this  disaster  that  Capts.  Henchman  and  Syll  came  to 
Hassanamesit,  and  the  record  of  their  expedition  shows  that  all 
the  success  they  had  was  achieved  by  the  five  Natick  scouts,  of 
whom  three  were  Thomas  and  James  Quanapohit  and  Eleazar 
Pegin,  who  were  highly  commended  for  their  services,  their 
courage  and  fidelity,  by  their  officers.  But  the  hate  and  prejudice 
was  so  bitter  among  the  soldiers,  that  Capt.  Syll  was  forced  to 
send  three  of  the  Indians  back  home.  For  lack  of  these,  Lieut. 
Philip  Curtis  lost  his  life  uselessly,  his  company  being  left  with¬ 
out  any  scouts.  James  and  Thomas  Quanapohit  remained  in 
Capt.  Syll’s  company. 

When  Job  Kattenanit  escaped  from  Hassanamesit  he  left  his 
three  children  with  the  hostile  Indians,  and  was  granted  a  pass 
to  go  into  the  woods  to  try  to  recover  them ;  but  meeting  with 
some  of  Capt.  Henchman’s  soldiers,  he  was  seized  and  stripped 
of  most  of  his  clothing  and  his  arms,  and  then  by  the  Captain,  to 
still  the  rage  of  the  soldiers  and  populace,  he  was  sent  down  to 
Boston,  and  there  thrown  into  prison,  no  note  being  taken  of  his 
pass  from  Major  Gookin.  He  suffered  here  from  the  foulness  of 
the  prison  and  the  crowded  situation,  and  the  insults  and  perse¬ 
cutions  to  which  they  were  subjected. 

In  the  meantime  the  Wamesits  were  meeting  with  another 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


399 


disaster,  in  the  burning  of  a  barn  of  hay,  by  some  hostile  Indian 
or  Englishman,  for  the  purpose  of  casting  reproach  upon  them. 
Lieut.  Thomas  Henchman,  and  Lieut.  James  Richardson,  whose 
barn  was  burnt,  were  friends  of  these  Indians  and  in  charge  of 
them,  and  believed  them  innocent;  but  some  of  the  English  at 
Chelmsford  secretly  organized  a  party  who  went  to  the  wigwams 
and  shot  down  five  women,  seriously  wounding  them  and  killing 
a  boy  outright.  The  assault  was  unqualified,  brutal  murder. 
The  lad  was  a  son  of  a  Sagamore,  and  grandson  of  a  worthy  old 
Sachem,  Tahatawarre.  The  mother,  who  was  among  the  danger¬ 
ously  wounded,  was  the  daughter  of  that  staunch  friend  of 
the  English,  “  Sagamore  John.”  This  horrible  outrage  greatly 
exercised  the  Council;  and  the  murderers,  two  fellows  named 
Largin  and  Robins,  who  were  shown  to  be  the  ones  who  had  fired 
their  guns,  loaded  with  shot,  into  the  crowd,  were  arrested.  But 
notwithstanding  the  efforts  of  the  magistrates  and  ministers,  with 
all  the  best  men  of  the  colony,  no  jury  could  be  found  to  convict 
them ;  and  after  an  extended  imprisonment  they  were  set  free. 
By  this  act  the  rest  of  the  Indians  were  so  disheartened  and 
frightened  that  they  all  forsook  their  villages  and  went  away 
towards  Pennacook  to  join  Wannalancet.  Sam  Numphow  and 
John  Lyne,  their  rulers,  sent  back  a  written  answer,  by  the  mes¬ 
sengers  of  the  Council  (sent  to  induce  them  to  return,  and  prom¬ 
ising  protection),  that  they  had  confidence  in  the  Council’s  good 
will,  but  feared  the  people,  and  so  were  going  away  “to  the  French.” 
This  last  was  the  sharpest  point  of  reproach,  as  it  compared  the 
success  of  the  Catholics  with  the  notable  failure  of  the  Protestants 
to  convert  the  Indians.  But  being  in  straitened  circumstances, 
and  earnestly  reassured  by  the  Council,  they  were  induced  to 
return  after  a  few  weeks;  and  Lieut.  Thomas  Henchman  was 
placed  in  charge  as  their  guardian,  and  Major  Willard,  Mr.  Eliot 
and  Major  Gookin  went  up  and  visited  them.  Symon  Betokom, 
one  of  their  teachers,  told  Mr.  Eliot  that  while  in  the  woods  they 
held  their  worship  three  Sabbaths,  in  their  rude  way.  He  said, 
“  The  first  Sabbath  I  read  and  taught  the  people  from  Psalm  35  ; 
the  second,  from  Psalm  46  ;  and  the  third,  from  Psalm  118 ;”  a 
pathetic  picture,  showing  somewhat  the  opportunity  which  the 
prejudice  and  greed  of  the  Puritan  masses  lost  to  the  cause  of 
Protestant  Christianity.  Sometime  after  the  Naticks  were  taken 
to  Deer  Island,  the  Punkapogs  were  also  brought  down,  making 
the  number  there,  all  told,  five  hundred.  Although  the  magis¬ 
trates,  and  their  faithful  friends  Eliot  and  Gookin,  did  all  in  their 
power  to  help  them,  these  poor  souls  suffered  terribly  from  cold 
and  hunger  during  the  winter. 

After  the  great  fight  at  Narraganset,  it  was  greatly  desired  to 
learn  the  position  and  movements  of  the  Indians  to  the  westward, 
towards  the  Connecticut  River.  Major  Gookin  was  requested  to 
enlist  two  of  the  Indians  at  Deer  Island  to  go  as  spies  amongst 


400 


king  Philip’s  war. 


the  enemies.  He  selected  Job  Kattenanit  and  James  Quanapo- 
hit.  These  two  were  sent  away  into  the  woods  and  got  among 
the  Indians  at  Brookfield  about  January  3d,  and  by  a  plausible 
story  of  escape  from  Deer  Island  and  of  their  sufferings  there  and 
their  wish  to  release  their  friends  from  that  place,  were  received, 
and  remained  for  a  month  amongst  the  enemies,  and  the  story  of 
their  sojourn  contains  nearly  all  that  is  known  of  the  events  dur¬ 
ing  that  important  time,  when  the  Narragansets  were  coming 
northward  and  all  the  tribes  were  gathering  for  the  struggle  of 
the  coming  Spring.  Upon  January  24th  James  returned,  fearing 
mischief  from  Philip,  who  had  sent  for  Mautamp  to  bring  James 
up  to  him.  James  escaped  with  the  assistance  of  Job,  who  wished 
to  remain  until  able  to  bring  off  his  children.  James  came  into 
the  house  of  Isaac  Williams,  at  the  Falls  of  the  Charles  River,  and 
came  with  him,  the  next  day,  to  Major  Gookin,  and  to  the  Council, 
to  whom  he  made  report  of  his  sojourn,  and  the  position  and 
numbers,  disposition  and  purpose  of  the  Indians,  allied  with 
Philip.  His  report  was  communicated  to  Connecticut  Colony 
and  is  preserved  in  their  archives.  James  told  of  the  plan  of  the 
Indians  to  assault  the  frontier  towns,  beginning  with  Lancaster, 
in  about  three  weeks’  time.  Job  Kattenanit  escaped  and  came  in 
on  February  9th,  confirming  James’s  account  and  reporting  the 
war-party  already  marching  upon  Lancaster.  Acting  upon  his 
report,  messengers  were  despatched  to  Marlborough,  Concord  and 
Lancaster,  and  Capt.  Wadsworth  with  forty  men  marched  from 
Marlborough,  in  time  to  find  the  bridge  burned,  as  James  had 
said  the  Indians  planned,  but  escaping  the  ambush  laid  by  the 
regular  road,  the  English  were  guided  around  by  another  bridge 
and  were  able  to  beat  the  enemy  off  from  the  garrison-house 
owned  by  Mr.  Cyprian  Stevens,  and  thus  to  secure  the  town  from 
entire  destruction.  If  the  warning  of  James  had  been  heeded,  the 
destruction  of  the  Rowlandson  garrison-house,  and  the  death  and 
captivity  of  its  occupants,  might  easily  have  been  averted.  But 
for  all  the  hardships  and  fidelity  of  these  two,  the  vulgar  prej¬ 
udice  was  so  great  that  the  Governor  and  Council  were  again 
forced  to  yield,  and  these  faithful  men  returning  from  their 
service  were  sent  down  again  to  Deer  Island,  to  share  the  priva¬ 
tions  of  their  brethren.  And  not  only  against  these,  but  against 
their  friends,  Eliot,  Gookin  and  Danforth,  the  blind  fury  raged, 
and  the  lives  of  these  true  men  were  attempted  in  a  cowardly 
manner  on  several  occasions.  In  February,  the  Wamesits,  fearing 
the  hostile  Indians  on  the  one  hand,  and  their  English  neighbors 
on  the  other,  petitioned  to  be  removed  to  some  safer  place  within 
the  Colony.  The  Court  promised,  but  neglected  to  take  care  of 
them,  and  the  great  body  of  them  fled  to  Pennacook,  to  Wanna- 
lancet,  being  forced  to  leave  behind  for  the  time  some  half  a 
dozen  of  their  aged  and  blind,  whom  they  considered  safe,  being 
helpless  and  harmless.  After  they  were  gone,  these  poor  creatures 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


401 


were  found  and  brutally  murdered  (being  burned  to  death,  as 
appeared,  within  their  wigwam)  by  two  brutes  of  the  English, 
against  whom  nothing  direct  could  be  proved,  but  who  were 
quite  well  known  by  the  public,  as  they  rather  enjoyed  such 
notoriety  than  feared  it  among  their  fellows. 

In  this  retreat  of  the  Wamesits,  Sam  Numphow,  their  ruler,  and 
Mystic  George,  died  from  exposure  and  famine.  Upon  the 
partial  destruction  of  Medfield,  February  21st,  as  James  and  Job 
had  foretold  in  their  account  of  the  enemies’  programme,  the 
popular  shame  and  spleen  raged  not  against  the  stupidity  and 
inefficiency  of  the  two  companies  of  soldiers  mostly  asleep  in  the 
houses  of  the  town,  without  outposts  or  scouts,  but  against  the 
inoffensive  Indians  at  Deer  Island;  and  a  plot  was  laid  by  a  large 
number  of  the  most  violent  and  dissolute  of  the  lower  classes 
gathered  in  and  about  Boston.  The  plot  was  to  go  over  to  Deer 
Island  from  “  Pulling  Point  ”  in  large  boats,  and  fall  upon  the 
defenceless  Indians  with  indiscriminate  slaughter.  The  horrible 
plot  was  discovered,  and  a  few  of  the  ringleaders  summoned 
before  the  Court,  which  frustrated  the  cowardly  design. 

The  Nashobah  Christian  Indians  were  at  Concord  in  charge  of 
Mr.  John  Hoare,  and  were  quiet,  peaceful  and  industrious.  The 
popular  discontent  could  not  bide  their  peace,  and  the  more 
hostile  took  advantage  of  the  presence  of  Capt.  Mosely,  and 
enlisted  his  interference  with  them.  He,  with  his  rough  soldiers, 
came  into  the  church  on  the  Sabbath,  and  after  the  services,  spoke 
to  the  congregation  in  his  haughty  and  insolent  way,  declaring 
his  intention  to  break  up  the  Indian  village  and  carry  all  the 
“  heathen  ”  down  to  Boston.  He  carried  out  his  threat  the  next 
day  without  any  authority,  and  against  the  remonstrance  of  that 
honorable  Christian  gentleman,  Mr  John  Hoare,  who  held  com¬ 
mission  from  the  Court  for  their  care.  He  broke  into  their  great 
house,  which  belonged  to  Mr.  Hoare,  plundered  the  poor  helpless 
creatures  of  all  they  had,  insulted  and  abused  Mr.  Hoare,  and 
sent  the  Indians,  to  the  number  of  fifty-eight,  of  whom  twelve 
only  were  able-bodied  men,  down  to  Boston  under  a  guard  of 
some  twenty  of  his  rough  and  brutal  soldiers ;  and  sent  down  an 
insolent  letter  to  the  Council  in  account  of  his  action.  This 
high-handed  breach  of  authority  on  the  part  of  a  mere  captain 
stirred  the  indignation  of  the  whole  Court,  but  though  they 
denounced  his  act  in  the  assembly  freely,  so  great  was  his 
popularity  among  the  lower  classes  that  it  was  not  deemed  expe¬ 
dient  to  reprimand  him,  or  interfere  with  his  command.  The 
Indians  were  sent  down  to  their  countrymen  at  the  Island,  robbed 
and  abused ;  and  the  captain  went  on  his  way  unrebuked. 

But  the  Corporation  in  London  came  to  the  aid  of  the  friends 
of  the  Christian  Indians,  and  their  support  greatly  encouraged 
the  better  sentiment  of  the  colony ;  for  they  not  only  sent  sup¬ 
plies  and  money  for  the  Indians,  but  letters  came  inquiring  into 


402 


KING  PHILIP'S  WAR. 


the  treatment  of  the  Christian  Indians.  When  the  popular  cry 
was  raised  that  the  Indians  at  Deer  Island  should  be  transported 
out  of  the  country  or  destroyed,  the  General  Court  presented  a 
bold  front,  and  by  public  proclamation  declared  these  Christian 
Indians  to  be  the  allies  and  friends  of  the  English  by  the  olden 
treaty  of  1643,  made  with  their  fathers,  and  never  to  this  day 
broken  by  them  or  their  children.  This  firmness  did  much  to 
enlighten  and  allay  popular  prejudice. 

When  Major  Savage  took  command  of  the  army  to  march  to 
the  West  in  March,  1675-6,  he  made  one  condition,  that  he 
should  have  a  number  of  the  Indians  at  Deer  Island  for  guides. 
In  pursuance  of  this  arrangement,  Major  Gookin  procured  for 
him  James  Quanapohit,  Job  Kattenanit,  James  Speen,  Andrew 
Pitimee,  and  William  Ahaton.  All  these  were  men  of  tried 
courage  and  fidelity,  and  were  greatly  elated  that  they  would  now 
have  a  chance  under  Major  Savage  to  prove  their  truth  and 
worth.  But  when  the  troops  were  at  Marlborough,  Job  was  per¬ 
mitted  to  go  forward  towards  Hassanamesit  to  meet  his  children 
in  the  place  appointed  by  them,  when  he  escaped;  and  it  was 
hoped  that  those  of  his  tribe  who  had  come  lately  from  the  enemy 
could  give  later  information ;  but  when  Capt.  Mosely  knew  of 
this  he  made  a  great  tumult,  and  so  stirred  up  the  violent  spirits 
among  the  soldiers  that  a  revolt  was  threatened,  and  it  became 
necessary  to  send  away  after  Job  to  bring  him  back,  and  Capts. 
Wadsworth  and  Syll  rode  after  him  with  all  speed  with  James 
Quanapohit  as  guide;  but  Job  returned  to  the  forces  without 
meeting  his  friends,  though  they  had  been  at  the  place  appointed. 
These  poor  wanderers  were  taken,  coming  to  the  English  camps, 
by  some  of  Capt.  Benj.  Gibs’s  men  shortly  afterwards,  and 
brought  into  camp  with  great  ado  as  being  a  grand  prize,  but 
Major  Savage  found  them  to  be  Job’s  friends  and  received  them 
civilly  and  sent  them  back  to  Marlborough,  where  they  had  to 
stop  a  night,  and  there  they  were  beset  by  a  mob  of  frantic 
English  women,  and  so  threatened  and  abused  that  four  of  them 
escaped  in  the  night. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  many  soldiers,  and  especially 
those  of  Capt.  Mosely’s  “  volunteer  ”  company,  were  of  the  most 
reckless  and  disreputable  class  in  the  colony,  and  many  of  them 
used  the  occasion  of  public  service  as  a  cloak  for  any  sort  of 
crime.  They  robbed  the  defenceless  Indians,  and  to  hide  their 
crime  raised  a  storm  of  fear  against  them  by  their  falsehoods. 
At  the  same  time  they  stirred  up  all  the  worst  passions  of  the 
people,  and  through  these  sought  to  intimidate  the  Indians  to 
escape,  or  provoke  them  to  some  act  of  resistance  which  would 
prevent  their  demanding  back  their  stolen  property.  On  this  occa¬ 
sion  at  Marlborough,  the  soldiers  had  stripped  the  poor  creatures 
of  everything,  and  had  even  robbed  the  faithful  Indian  minister 
of  the  pewter  communion  cup  given  him  by  Mr.  Eliot.  The  four 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


403 


who  had  made  their  escape  were  Joseph  Tuckapawillin’s  wife, 
who  left  an  infant  behind,  in  her  panic ;  their  son,  a  lad  of  twelve 
years,  following  with  his  mother;  also  another  woman,  a  widow, 
who  had  cared  for  Job’s  children  in  their  captivity,  and  her 
daughter.  All  these  fugitives  were  brought  in  by  Tom  Dublet  a 
week  later,  when  he  went  into  the  woods  to  negotiate  with  the 
enemy  for  the  return  of  prisoners.  The  lad  died  in  the  woods 
from  hunger  and  exposure.  These  were  sent  down  to  Deer  Island, 
where  their  companions  had  already  been  sent.  Capt.  Nicholas 
Paige  entertained  these  poor  Indians  at  his  house  in  Boston,  as 
they  passed  through  the  town  on  their  way  to  the  Island.  He 
was  a  firm  friend  to  the  Christian  Indians  and  a  very  independent 
man.  Job  afterwards  married  the  woman  who  had  so  faithfully 
cared  for  his  children  in  their  captivity. 

The  six  Indians  who  went  as  guides  to  the  army  acted  their 
part  with  courage  and  fidelity,  and  were  commended  by  Major 
Savage ;  while  Mr.  Nowell,  the  chaplain  of  the  army  in  this 
expedition,  wrote  of  them  : 

I  look  at  it  as  a  great  rebuke  of  God  that  we  should  miss  our  enemy 
as  we  did  when  we  were  at  Menumesse.  If  we  had  harkened  to  those 
six  Indians  whom  we  took  from  Deer  Island,  we  might  have  prevented 
that  error.  They  have  behaved  themselves  like  sober  honest  men  since 
they  abode  with  us,  which  hath  made  me  look  after  them  more  carefully. 

The  whole  testimony  of  the  better-minded  tends  to  show  that 
the  chief  cause  of  the  great  disappointment  and  disaster  of  this 
expedition  was  the  fanatical  prejudice  and  violent  insubordination 
of  Mosely  and  his  adherents ;  and  there  is  little  doubt  that  if  a 
company  of  the  Indians  at  Deer  Island  had  been  raised  (as  Capt. 
Henchman,  who  was  in  charge  of  them,  had  often  proposed,  as  he 
had  found  them  ready  and  willing  to  serve),  the  campaign  would 
have  been  far  different  in  its  event. 

The  six  Indians  were  so  insulted  and  abused  by  their  enemies 
in  the  army,  who  taunted  them  with  having  been  the  cause  of 
the  defeat,  etc.,  that  they  returned  to  the  Island  utterly  discour¬ 
aged  ;  so  that  when  a  messenger  was  needed  to  go  out  to  the 
enemy  to  treat  for  the  return  of  Mrs.  Rowlandson,  not  one  could 
be  found  for  a  long  time,  until  finally  Tom  Dublet,  mentioned 
above,  consented,  and  upon  April  3d,  1676,  went  into  the  woods 
and  returned  on  the  12th,  bringing  a  letter  of  agreement  from 
the  enemy. 

We  have  read,  in  chapter  XX.  above,  that  the  “  Council  de¬ 
cided  to  raise  and  equip  a  company  from  these  Christian  Indians, 
placing  them  in  command,  of  Capt.  Hunting,  to  the  number  of 
forty.” 

But  when  this  number  of  able-bodied  men  were  drawn  forth 
from  the  Christian  Indians,  there  were  left  upon  Long  Island, 


404 


king  philip’s  war. 


whither  they  were  now  removed,  some  four  hundred  old  men, 
women  and  children.  After  great  suffering,  and  many  efforts  of 
their  friends,  these  poor  souls  were  brought  up  to  Cambridge  by 
the  authority  of  the  Court,  and  through  the  influence  of  the 
“  Right  Honorable  Corporation  ”  in  London,  which  furnished  the 
means  through  Major  Gookin.  Mr.  Thomas  Oliver,  a  good  friend 
of  these  Indians,  offered  a  commodious  place  upon  his  farm,  not 
far  from  the  Charles  River,  where  they  might  find  convenience 
of  fishing,  fuel  and  planting;  and  near  by  there  was  his  large 
garrison-house  to  which  they  might  easily  retreat  in  any  time  of 
danger.  The  Punkapog  Indians  upon  their  removal  from  the 
Islands  were  settled  at  “  Brush  Hill  ”  in  Milton,  under  the  care 
of  Quarter-master  Thomas  Swift.  The  Indians  at  Mr.  Oliver’s 
remained  through  the  Summer,  but  broke  up  into  smaller  com¬ 
panies  after  harvest  for  greater  convenience,  settling  at  Nonan- 
tum,  Punkapog,  Cowate  (the  fall  of  Charles  River),  Natick, 
Medfield,  Concord,  and  Namkeake  (near  Chelmsford). 

According  to  the  official  report  of  Major  Daniel  Gookin,  pre- 
'  sented  to  the  Council,  November  10, 1676,  the  Punkapog  Indians, 
“residing  about  Milton,  Dorchester  and  Brantree,”  were  mostly 
employed  among  the  English  to  cut  cord-wood,  etc.  Their  num¬ 
ber  was  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  —  thirty-five  men  and  one 
hundred  and  forty  women  and  children. 

The  Naticks  were  divided  into  four  companies.  The  first  lived 
at  Medfield,  with  James  Rumneymarsh  and  his  kindred,  and  num¬ 
bered  twenty-five,  including  five  men.  The  second  company  were 
near  Natick  garrison-house,  under  the  inspection  of  Andrew  Dewin 
and  his  sons,  who  desired  to  live  near  them ;  their  number  was 
about  fifty  —  ten  men  and  forty  others.  The  third  company,  with 
Waban,  lived  near  the  falls  of  the  Charles  River,  near  the  house 
of  Joseph  Miller  and  not  far  from  the  home  of  Capt.  Prentice,  — 
their  number  about  sixty,  of  whom  twelve  were  men.  The  fourth 
company  dwelt  at  Nonantum  Hill,  near  Lieut.  Trowbridge  and 
John  Coones.  A  portion  of  this  company  were  living  at  Muddy 
River,  near  John  White’s ;  and  separate  families  near  the  houses 
of  Mr.  Thomas  Oliver,  Mr.  Sparhawk,  and  Daniel  Champney,  and 
were  employed  by  these  gentlemen  to  cut  wood  and  build  stone 
walls,  while  the  women  were  taught  and  then  employed  as  spin¬ 
ners.  This  fourth  company  numbered  about  fifteen  men  and 
sixty  women  and  children,  in  all  seventy-five. 

The  Naticks,  numbering  thus  some  two  hundred  and  ten,  in¬ 
cluded  the  most  of  those  who  had  not  been  scattered,  by  flight, 
to  the  hostile  Indians,  by  being  sold  into  service  to  individual 
families  of  the  English,  or  by  death,  —  who  had  formerly  belonged 
in  the  villages  of  Hassanamesit,  Magunkog,  Marlborough,  and 
Wamesit.  At  the  time  the  report  was  made,  nearly  all  the 
able-bodied  men  of  the  Naticks  were  with  Capt.  Hunting  at  the 
Eastward. 


THE  CHRISTIAN  INDIANS. 


405 


The  Nashobah  or  Concord  Indians  lived  at  Concord,  and  were 
under  the  direction  of  the  military  officers  and  Selectmen  of  the 
town  ;  their  number  about  fifty.  The  Pennacooks,  and  those  who 
adhered  to  Wannalancet,  lived  at  Dunstable,  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  Jonathan  Tyng,  and  in  his  absence  the  care  devolved 
upon  Robert  Parris.  The  number  of  these  last  was  about  sixty. 
A  small  company  dwelt  at  Ipswich,  under  the  town  authorities,  — 
their  number  was  about  twenty-five.  Besides  these  there  were 
separate  families,  living  with  the  English,  as  servants.  Mention 
is  made  of  the  families  of  a  Mr.  Gates  of  Watertown,  Justinian 
Holden,  Corporal  Humand  (Hammond?),  and  Wilson  at  Shaw- 
shin ;  and  these  numbered  about  forty  souls. 

Major  Gookin  estimated  the  whole  number  of  Christian  Indians 
at  this  time  to  be  five  hundred  and  ninety-seven,  of  whom  one 
hundred  and  seventeen  were  men. 

Subsequently  the  scattered  and  ever  dwindling  companies  were 
gathered  at  Natick,  where  an  Indian  church  had  been  established, 
and  an  Indian  town  was  regularly  incorporated.  The  town  was 
first  laid  out  in  1651,  and  was  governed  by  Indian  officers  under 
a  committee  chosen  by  the  General  Court.  The  descendants  of 
Waban,  the  principal  ruler  at  Natick  at  the  first  establishment, 
continued  to  be  the  chief  officers  of  the  town  for  two  generations. 

The  town  remained  nominallv  an  Indian  town  until  1762,  when 

«/  _  ' 

it  passed  into  the  government  of  the  English.  The  last  of  the 
Natick  Indians  died  before  the  close  of  1826. 


XX  VIII. 


THE  NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIPS,  GRANTEES  AND 

CLAIMANTS. 


IT  will  be  remembered  that  when,  on  December  10th,  1675,  the 
forces  of  Massachusetts  Colony  were  mustered  on  Dedham 
Plain,  to  march  against  the  Narraganset  fort,  a  proclamation 
was  made  to  the  soldiers,  in  the  name  of  the  Governor,  that,  “  if 
they  played  the  man,  took  the  fort,  and  drove  the  enemy  out  of  the 
Narraganset  country,  which  is  their  great  seat,  they  should  have 
a  gratuity  of  land,  besides  their  wages.”  We  find  that  after  they 
had  so  valiantly  performed  the  service,  and  the  war  was  long  past, 
the  soldiers  were  not  forgetful  of  their  claim,  nor  the  colony 
unmindful  of  its  obligations. 

On  June  4th,  1685,  the  following  petition  was  presented  to 
the  General  Court,  then  in  session  at  Boston.  The  body  of  the 
petition,  which  was  for  the  grant  of  land  which  had  been  prom¬ 
ised,  is  not  given  here,  but  only  the  names  contained  upon  the 
document : 


Petition  of  those  who  were  soldiers  in  Lynn,  in  the  Nipmugg 
Country,  and  at  the  Narragansett  Fort. 

LYNN. 


Wm.  Basset, 
Timothy  Brade, 
Robert  Drivar, 
Phillip  Kertland, 
Jno.  Davis, 
Robert  Pottar,  Sr. 
John  Edmunds, 
John  Hawcks, 
Widdow  Hathom, 


John  Lynzey, 
Andrew  Townsend, 
Samuel  Mowers, 
Samuel  Graves, 
Daniel  Goff, 

Nathl.  Ballard, 
Daniel  Johnson, 
Joseph  Mansfield, 
Samuel  Tarbox, 


Samuel  Johnson, 
Jno.  Farrington, 
Jonathan  Look, 
John  Richards, 
Joseph  Brade, 
Joseph  Collins, 
Henry  Rhoades, 


Jeremiah  Swaine, 
Samuell  Lambson, 


READING. 

James  Pike  Junr. 
Samuell  Damon, 


James  Nicolls, 
William  Robbins, 


BEVERLY. 

Wm.  Raymond,  John  Raymond  jr. 

Wm.  Dodds  jr. 


John  Dodds  jr. 


NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIPS. 


407 


SALEM  VILLAGE. 

Joseph  Herrick,  Thomas  Raymond, 

HINGHAM. 

Samuel  Linckhorne  jr.  Joshua  Lazell, 

John  Langor,  John  Bull, 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  112,  p.  398. 

To  this  petition  the  Court  made  the  following  answer  : 

In  ansr  to  the  petition  of  Wm  Basset,  Jn°  Lynsey,  Robert  Porter, 
Senr,  &  twenty-two  more  inhabitants  of  Lyn,  Jeremiah  Swayne,  Sam11 
Damon,  Sam1  Lambson,  Wm  Robbins,  James  Pyke  Jun.,  James 
Nicholls  of  Reading,  Wra  Raymond  &  5  more  of  Beverly,  &  Samuel 
Lyncolne  &  three  more,  of  Hingham,  as  on  ye  peticon  on  file,  the 
Court  Judgeth  it  meet  to  grant  the  peticoners  a  tract  of  Land,  in  the 
Nipmug  country,  of  eight  miles  square,  for  their  encouragement  & 
others  that  were  serviceable  to  the  country  in  the  late  Indian  warr,  to 
a  competent  number,  who  shall  see  meet  to  joyne  themselves  to  them 
in  order  to  the  making  of  a  plantation  or  township,  provided  it  be  laid 
out  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  any  former  grants,  &  that  an  orthodox 
minister,  on  their  settlement  of  thirty  families,  be  settled  within  the 
space  of  fower  yeares  next  coming. 

Mass.  Colonial  Records,  vol.  V.  p.  487. 

There  seems  to  have  been  little  further  action  in  regard  to 
the  settlement  of  this  grant,  and  few  of  those  entitled  to  land 
ever  settled.  The  place  was  remote  from  the  Massachusetts 
settlements,  and  the  conditions  demanded  actual  settlers  in  such 
numbers  and  with  such  limitations,  as  to  prevent,  rather  than  en¬ 
courage,  settlement.  In  the  following  years  there  were  many 
interests  nearer  home ;  and  it  was  not  until  nearly  forty  years  had 
elapsed,  that  the  interest  in  this  old  matter  was  revived.  The 
colony  of  Massachusetts  had  then  absorbed  that  of  Plymouth,  and 
together  these  constituted  the  “  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay.” 

July  1,  1727,  a  petition  of  Samuel  Chandler  and  Jacob  Wright 
was  presented  to  the  General  Court  of  the  Province,  in  behalf  of 
themselves  and  a  great  number  of  other  persons,  recalling  the 
action  of  the  General  Court  of  the  Colony,  in  1685,  “  which  grant 
was  not  pursued  to  effect,”  and  now  “  for  as  much  as  the  Petition¬ 
ers  were  either  personally  present  at  the  Fort  and  Fight  at  Narra- 
ganset,  or  descendants  from  those  that  were,  or  in  the  strictest 
alliance  with  them  ;  ”  “  therefore,  praying  that  a  Grant  may  be 
made  them  of  such  vacant  Lands  as  may  serve  the  Petitioners  for 
Settlement,  under  such  Restrictions  &  Limitations  as  this  Court 
shall  Judge  fit.” 

In  the  House  of  Representatives,  in  answer,  it  was  resolved, 
“  that  Major  Thomas  Tileston,  Capt.  John  Alden,  Mr.  Edward 


408 


king  philip’s  war. 


Shove,  Mr.  Samuel  Healey,  of  Newton,  and  Mr.  Samuel  Chandler 
of  Concord,  he  a  Committee,  fully  authorized  &  impowered  to  sur¬ 
vey  and  lay  out  the  Contents  of  eight  Miles  square  in  some  of  the 
unappropriated  lands  of  this  Province,  and  that  the  said  lands  be 
granted  and  disposed  of  to  the  Persons  (whether  officers  or  sol¬ 
diers)  belonging  to  this  Province,  who  were  in  the  service  of 
their  Country  in  the  said  Narraganset  War,  or  to  their  legal  Rep¬ 
resentatives,  as  a  Reward  for  their  publick  Services,  and  is  in  full 
satisfaction  for  the  Grant  formerly  made  them  by  the  Great  and 
General  Court.” 

It  was  also  voted  that  the  Committee  “  give  public  notice  in 
the  News  Letter  or  otherwise,  six  months,  at  least,  before  their 
meeting,  when  and  where  they  intend  to  meet,  so  that  every 
Officer  and  soldier,  who  served  in  the  said  War  or  the  lawful 
Representatives  of  such  as  served  and  since  deceased,  may  have 
an  opportunity  to  enlist  their  Names  with  the  said  Committee,” 
etc. 

When  the  Committee  have  completed  the  lists,  the  Grantees 
are  to  meet  “  as  soon  as  may  be  and  select  a  committee  to  regulate 
the  affairs  of  the  Propriety.” 

The  Grantees  are  to  be  obliged  “  to  settle  sixty  families  thereon, 
with  a  learned  Orthodox  Minister  within  the  space  of  seven  years.” 
Failing  to  fulfil  these  conditions  the  grantees  forfeit  all  their 
rights  under  this  grant. 

When  the  enlisting  had  proceeded  some  time,  it  was  found 
that  the  number  of  claimants  was  much  larger  than  at  first  sup¬ 
posed,  so  that  the  committee  was  instructed  to  lay  out  “  two  Tracts 
of  lands  for  Townships  of  the  contents  of  six  miles  square,”  etc. 
The  same  conditions  were  imposed  as  in  the  first  order. 

The  next  year,  May  29th,  1728,  an  order  was  passed  that  public 
notices  be  posted  in  every  town  in  the  province,  as  well  as  given 
in  the  News  Letter.  The  following  is  the  notice  posted  in  the 
towns : 

These  may  certify  to  whom  it  may  concern. 

That  the  General  Assembly  of  this  Province,  at  their  Session  begun 
and  held  the  29th.  of  May  1728,  passed  a  Resolve  for  granting  two 
Tracts  for  Townships  of  the  contents  of  Six  Miles  square  each,  to  the 
persons,  whether  Officers  or  soldiers,  belonging  to  this  Province,  who 
were  in  the  service  of  their  country  in  the  Narraganset  War  ;  And  all 
such  Officers  and  Soldiers  now  surviving,  and  the  legal  representatives 
of  those  that  are  deceased,  are  desired  to  give  or  send  into  the  Secreta¬ 
ries  office  Lists  of  their  Names  and  Descents,  to  be  laid  before  the 
General  Court  at  their  next  Fall  Session. 

J.  Willard,  Seer. 

Mass.  Archives,  vol.  72,  p.  367. 

The  committee  appointed  by  the  General  Court,  viz. :  John 
Chandler,  jr.,  Edward  Shove,  and  John  Hobson,  assisted  by  Mr. 


NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIPS. 


409 


Jonas  Houghton,  surveyor ;  with  John  Bennett,  Joseph  Wheelock, 
John  Goss,  and  Stephen  Mighill,  chainmen,  all  sworn  by  Mr. 
Justice  Wilder,  laid  out  and  presented  a  plan  of  the  two  Town¬ 
ships.  The  first  was  laid  out  “  adjoining  the  towns  of  Rutland 
and  Lunenburgh  additional  grants,  and  elsewhere  adjoining  the 
Province  Land,”  and  containing  about  28,286  acres.  This  was 
Narraganset  No.  2,  or  Wachuset;  incorporated  as  Westminster, 
April  26,  1770.  The  second  township  was  laid  out  on  the  south 
side  of  Souhegan  River,  the  east  boundary  being  about  four  or 
five  miles  from  the  Merrimac  River,  westward,  containing  24,457, 
which  is  1,417  acres  more  than  the  contents  of  six  miles  square, 
but  which  the  committee  think  ought  to  be  allowed  to  make  up 
for  ponds,  etc. 

This  township  became  Narraganset  No.  8,  or  “  Souhegan  West,” 
and  was  under  Massachusetts  Government  until  1741,  when,  by 
the  adjustment  of  the  line  between  Massachusetts  and  New 
Hampshire,  it  was  found  to  fall  within  the  limits  of  the  latter 
province.  It  became  the  town  of  Amherst,  N.H. 

April  11,  1729.  A  committee  was  appointed  by  the  Court  to 
examine  and  decide  upon  the  lists  of  grantees  or  claimants  ;  and 
reported  the  following  December  20th.  And  the  Court  then 
accepted  the  report,  and  ordered  “that  the  said  Claimers  or 
Grantees  meet  at  Boston,  if  the  small  Pox  be  not  there ;  If  it  be, 
then  at  Cambridge,  on  the  first  Wednesday  of  June  next  ensuing.” 
The  small-pox  was  in  Boston  at  the  time  set.  It  was  found  that 
the  lists  were  growing  larger,  but  that  the  claimants  were  so 
widely  scattered,  that  much  confusion  would  result  without  further 
time  and  more  accurate  investigation.  The  time  of  meeting 
was  extended  to  the  “next  Fall  Session.” 

At  that  session  of  the  Court,  December  30,  1730,  a  petition 
was  presented  by  Thomas  Tileston  and  others  as  a  committee  on 
behalf  of  the  grantees  and  claimants,  showing  that  the  lists  of  the 
grantees  was  now  so  large,  that  the  land  already  granted  would 
give  to  each,  such  small  portion,  that  there  would  be  no  object 
in  settling  the  lotsj  and  praying  that  the  grant  be  enlarged, 
and  a  longer  time  allowed  in  which  to  investigate  and  adjust 
claims. 

In  answer  to  this  petition,  the  House  of  Representatives  voted 
to  grant  an  extension  of  time,  and  to  grant  “  to  each  one  hun¬ 
dred  and  twenty  claimants,  a  township  of  the  contents  of  six 
miles  square,”  under  the  above  mentioned  limitations  and  con¬ 
ditions. 

The  Council  did  not  concur  with  this  vote,  nor  in  a  similar  vote 
passed  in  the  House  upon  a  petition,  the  following  February,  but 
insisted  that  the  lands  already  granted  in  the  two  townships,  was 
sufficient. 

The  matter  continued  thus  in  disagreement  between  the  two 
branches,  until  January  19, 1731,  when  the  House  sent  up  to  the 


410 


king  philip’s  war. 


Council  a  very  outspoken,  earnest  and  eloquent  message,  in  behalf 
of  the  grantees,  which,  even  at  its  full  length,  deserves  a  place 
here. 

A  Message  from  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  General  Court  of 
the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Bay ,  advocating  a  liberal  answer  to 
the  petition  of  the  Narraganset  Soldiers  and  their  descendants. 

In  the  House  of  Representatives  Ordered ,  that  the  following 
message  be  sent  up  to  the  Honorable  Board.  Viz.  Whereas,  There 
have  been  several  Endeavours,  to  accommodate  the  Narrhaganset 
Soldiers  and  their  Descendants  with  a  sutable  quantity  of  Land  for 
their  Settlement  as  an  acknowledgment  &  Reward  of  their  great  Service 
to  this  Country  which  have  hitherto  failed  of  the  desired  Success ;  This 
House  have  thought  it  might  tend  to  promote  a  good  understanding  & 
Harmony  in  this  Court  to  lay  before  the  Honorable  Board,  Wherefore 
it  is  resolved  that  the  Representatives  have  come  into  the  Grant  of  a  tract 
of  Six  miles  square  to  Each  number  of  One  hundred  &  Twenty  persons 
which  they  have  made  this  Session  in  answer  to  the  Petition  of  Thomas 
Tilestone  &  others  a  Committee  in  behalf  of  themselves  &  the  rest  of 
the  Soldiers  &  their  Descendants,  who  were  in  the  Narraganset  War. 
And  one  great  Reason  is  that  there  was  a  Proclamation  made  to  the 
Army  in  the  name  of  the  Government  (as  living  Evidences  very  fully 
testify)  when  they  were  mustered  on  Dedham  Plain  where  they  began 
their  March,  that  if  they  played  the  man,  took  the  Fort  &  Drove  the 
Enemy  out  of  the  Narraganset  Country,  which  was  their  great  Seat, 
that  they  should  have  a  gratuity  in  Land  besides  their  Wages  ;  and  it 
is  well  known,  &  our  Sitting  to  hear  this  petition  is  an  Evidence  that 
this  was  done ;  and  as  the  Conditions  have  been  performed,  certainly 
the  promise  in  all  Equity  &  Justice  ought  to  be  fulfilled  ;  and  if  We 
Consider  the  Difficulties  these  brave  men  went  through  in  Storming  the 
Fort  in  the  Depth  of  Winter,  &  the  pinching  wants  they  afterwards 
underwent  in  pursuing  the  Indians  that  escaped  through  a  hideous 
Wilderness  famously  known  throughout  New  England  to  this  day  by 
the  Name  of  the  hungry  March ;  and  if  we  further  Consider  that  until 
this  brave  though  small  army  thus  played  the  Man,  the  whole  Country 
was  filled  with  Distress  &  fear,  &  We  trembled  in  this  Capital  Boston 
itself  &  that  to  the  Goodness  of  God  to  this  army  W e  owe  our  Fathers 
&  our  own  Safety  &  Estates,  We  cannot  but  think  that  those  Instru¬ 
ments  of  Our  Deliverance  &  Safety  ought  to  be  not  only  justly  but  also 
gratefully  &  generously  rewarded  &  even  with  much  more  than  they 
prayed  for,  If  we  measure  what  they  receive  from  us,  by  what  we 
enjoy  and  have  received  from  them. 

We  need  not  mention  to  the  Honorable  Board  the  Wisdom  Justice 
and  Generosity  of  Our  Mother  Country  &  of  the  ancient  Romans, 
on  such  Occasions,  Triumph,  Orations,  Hereditary  Honors  &  privileges 
all  the  Riches,  Lands  &  Spoils  of  War  and  conquered  Countrys  have 
not  been  thought  to  great  for  those  to  whom  they  have  not  owed  more 
if  so  much  as  We  do  to  those  our  Deliverers:  &  We  ought  further 
to  observe  what  greatly  adds  to  their  merit  that  they  were  not  Vaga¬ 
bonds  &  Beggars  &  Outcasts,  of  which  Armies  are  sometimes  con¬ 
siderably  made  up,  who  run  the  Hasards  of  War  to  Avoid  the  Danger 


AMERICAN  PATRIOTISM  IN  1731. 


411 


of  Starving :  so  far  from  this  that  these  were  some  of  the  best  of  Our 
men,  the  Fathers  &  Sons  of  some  of  the  greatest  &  best  of  Our 
families  and  could  have  no  other  View  but  to  Serve  the  Country  & 
whom  God  was  pleased  accordingly  in  every  remarkable  manner  to 
Honour  &  Succeed.  Of  these  things  the  Honorable  the  General  Court 
of  the  Late  Colony  of  the  Massachusetts  in  those  days  was  not  insen¬ 
sible  &  accordingly  gave  to  the  Soldiers  being  upward  of  Five  Hundred, 
about  Two  Thirds  of  the  Army  that  went  from  the  Massachusetts,  & 
the  late  Colony  of  Plimouth  a  Tract  of  about  forty  thousand  acres  in 
the  Nipmug  Country,  this  or  the  value  of  it  these  Soldiers  would  be 
contented  with  &  take  in  their  Brethren  of  Plimouth  too,  tho’  that 
should  take  away  two  thirds  of  what  was  granted  them  &  would  after 
that  have  more  in  value  than  what  they  now  ask  for  in  all,  for  every 
one  own  that  40000  acres  in  the  Heart  of  the  Country  as  the  Nipmug 
Country  is,  is  of  more  Value  than  five  times  that  quantity  remote  in  the 
Borders  &  in  Danger  if  there  should  be  a  french  War,  as  is  and  would 
be  the  Case  with  all  the  unappropriated  Lands  of  the  province,  which 
they  now  ask  for. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  neglect  of  these  petitioners  so  long  or  the  pro¬ 
vinces  having  disposed  of  the  Nipmug  Country  to  others  and  so  defeated 
their  ancient  Grants  will  not  be  thought  to  wear  out  any  more  than  it 
rewards  their  merit.  The  Grant  seems  to  be  made  in  acknowledgment 
both  of  their  promise  &  of  their  fulfilling  the  Condition  and  being  well 
entitled  to  it,  &  there  is  great  Reason  to  fear  thao  publick  Guilt  would 
ly  upon  the  Country  if  we  should  neglect  and  continue  in  the  Breach 
of  the  promise  after  it  has  been  made  &  omitted  for  above  fifty  years. 
As  to  the  late  Grant  of  two  Townships  to  Seven  or  Eight  hundred  of 
these  Soldiers ;  It  is  so  far  below  the  Value  of  the  Land  they  Con¬ 
quered,  &  the  Price  the  province  had  for  it  when  it  was  sold,  &  the 
money  divided  to  Colonies  that  carried  on  the  War:  It  is  such  a 
Pittance  of  what  they  obtain  for  us,  so  exceedingly  beneath  what  the 
province  has  defeated  them  of  which  was  granted  to  about  Two  thirds 
of  them  in  the  Nipmug  Country,  that  it  is  rather  mocking  and  deriding 
them  to  offer  it.  Beyond  what  has  been  offered  it  should  be  Considered 
to  Grant  the  present,  and  give  such  a  quantity  of  Land  as  may  be 
worth  Settling,  &  upon  Conditions  of  bringing  forward  Townships,  is 
much  more  agreeable  to  Charter  &  for  the  Public  Good  than  to 
Give  away  Tracts  of  Land  &  suffer  &  even  tempt  men  to  let  them  ly 
waste  &  unimproved,  for  in  the  way  that  has  been  proposed  &  in  which 
some  Progress  has  been  made,  the  Lands  will  be  divided  into  such 
scraps  that  they  will  not  be  worth  receiving. 

Mass.  Court  Records,  January  19th,  1731. 

This  message  accompanied  the  renewed  petition,  of  Thomas 
Tileston  and  others,  for  the  soldiers,  upon  which  action  had 
already  been  taken  by  the  House,  and  it  was  now  sent  up  again  to 
the  Council  for  concurrence,  and  there  finally  received  favorable 
action  June  9,  1732.  Definite  action  was  taken,  and  it  was  voted 
by  both  branches  that  every  hundred  and  twenty  of  those 
grantees  enrolled  whose  claims  have  been  allowed  shall  have  a 


412 


king  philip’s  war. 

township  of  six  miles  square  under  the  conditions  formerly 
stated. 

The  work  of  gathering  the  lists  of  names,  and  adjusting  the  claims 
was  no  light  task,  as  appears  from  the  references  in  the  Court 
Records.  There  was  much  confusion  in  the  minds  of  the  peo¬ 
ple  as  to  the  proper  method  of  application,  and  many  of  the 
heirs  made  application  in  their  own  names  while  the  soldier  was 
still  alive. 

Finally,  April  26,  1783,  a  list  of  eight  hundred  and  forty  gran¬ 
tees  was  presented  and  accepted,  and  it  was  voted  to  grant  the 
seven  townships  necessary  to  satisfy  the  demands  of  this  number 
of  grantees. 

The  grantees  were  divided  into  “  Proprieties  ”  or  companies, 
according  to  their  present  residences,  if  alive,  or  their  heirs,  law¬ 
fully  claiming.  The  eldest  male  heir  had  the  first  right,  and 
after  him  the  eldest  female  heir. 

The  grantees  were  ordered  to  meet  as  they  should  be  classified, 
and  choose  committees  to  regulate  each  Township. 

On  February  11,  1733-4,  plans  were  presented  by  the  Com¬ 
mittee  of  the  General  Court  of  two  Townships,  lying  between 
the  Saco  and  Pesumpscot  Rivers,  contiguous  to  each  other ;  each 
of  the  contents  of  six  miles  square,  with  allowances  for  ponds  and 
previous  grants  to  Hill  and  Tyng.  The  township  next  to  the  Saco 
was  assigned  to  the  “  Ipswich  Society,”  so  called,  which  was  made 
up  of  the  grantee  residents  of  Ipswich,  Newbury,  Rowley,  Haver¬ 
hill,  Salisbury,  Amesbury,  Methuen,  Hampton,  Greenland,  and 
Berwick.  In  June,  1732,  at  a  meeting  in  Boston,  they  had  chosen 
Philemon  Dane  and  John  Gains  of  Ipswich,  and  Col.  Joseph 
Gerrish  of  Newbury,  as  a  committee  to  regulate  the  business  of 
this  township,  which  became  No.  1. 

The  following  list  is  alphabetically  arranged  (initials  only) 
from  the  lists  in  the  Proprietor’s  Record  Book,  as  published  in 
the  excellent  volume  of  Capt.  Wm.  F.  Goodwin,  entitled  “Nar- 
raganset  Township,  No.  1.” 

Different  committees  had  different  methods  of  keeping  their 
records,  and  since  the  original  list,  returned  by  the  Committee  to 
the  General  Court,  was  partially  lost,  the  greater  part  of  it,  in¬ 
deed,  it  has  been  necessary  to  gather  the  lists  mostly  from  the 
old  Township  Record-Books.  In  this  Record-Book  of  No.  1, 
there  are  two  lists,  but  the  grantees  are  identical  in  both,  while 
the  two  lists  represent  the  first  and  second  divisions  of  lots,  the 
claimant  being  different,  in  some  cases,  in  the  two.  In  such  cases 
I  have  arranged  both  claimants,  and  sometimes  three,  under  the 
one  grantee.  Where  any  relationship  is  mentioned,  I  have  car¬ 
ried  the  fact  into  the  space  after  claimant’s  name.  I  have 
indicated  the  fact  that  a  new  name  occurs  in  the  second  list, 
by  the  mark  (2). 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  1. 


413 


GRANTEES  AND  CLAIMANTS  OF  NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP 
NO.  1 ,  NOW  THE  TOWN  OF  BUXTON, ,  ME.1 


Soldier  Grantees. 

Allin,  Richard . 

Andrews,  John . 

Adams,  Simon . 

Asa  (Acy),  John . 

Appleton,  Sam1.,  Major  .  . 

Allin,  William . 

Brocklebanck,  Sam1.,  Capt.  .  . 

Brown,  Thomas . 

Brown,  John  (“of  Haverhill”), 

Brown,  Joseph . 

Brown,  William . 

Boynton,  John . 

Brown,  G-ershom . 

Brown,  John . 

Brown,  Edmund . 

Baker,  John . 

Burnom,  James . 

Brier,  Richard . 

Bodwell,  Henry . 

Boynton,  Joshua . 

Bartlet,  Christopher  .  .  .  . 


{ 

{ 

{ 

{ 

I 

{ 

{ 

{ 

{ 


Claimants. 

Samuel  Allin. 

Joseph  Titcomb  (2). 
Jona.  Fellows. 

Eben  Hidden  (2). 

Capt.  John  Fowl  (2). 
Daniel  Adams. 

Nicholas  Cheany. 
Joseph  Hale. 

Moses  Hale. 

Isaac  Appleton,  jr. 
Benjamin  Morrill. 
Elisha  Allin  (2). 

Stephen  Mighill. 

John  Hobson. 

Abraham  Somerby  (2). 
Revd.  Jedediah  Jewett. 
John  Fowle,  jr. 

Richard  Dole. 

Israel  Read. 

James  Chute. 

George  Thirlo. 

John  Brown,  son. 
Enoch  Titcomb. 

Aaron  Potter  (2). 

John  Baker,  grandson. 
Thomas  Burnom,  son. 
Stephen  Hidden. 

Samuel  Clark. 

Henry  Bodwell. 

Samuel  Chase  (2). 

Wm.  Boynton,  son. 
Christopher,  son. 
Joseph  Peasley  (2). 


Clark,  Jonathan  . 

Chase,  Moses 
Cross,  George  . 

Curriour,  Richard 

Cogswell,  Edward 

Colcut,  Edward  . 


Nath1.  Clark 
Caleb  Moody,  jr.  (2). 
Edmund  Greenleaf  (2). 
Sam1.  Chase,  son. 
William  Cross,  son. 
Timothy  Curriour,  son. 
Daniel  Currier  (2). 
Emerson  Cogswell. 
John  Fowle,  jr. 
Obadiah  Johnson  (2) . 


i  This  list  is  confirmed  by  an  original  list,  found  among  the  papers  of  Rev.  Paul  Coffin. 


414 


king  philip’s  war. 


Soldier  Grantees. 

Down,  Robert  .  .  . 

Dane,  Philemon  . 

Durell,  Moses  .  .  . 

Davis,  Zechariah  .  . 

Dow,  Thomas  .  .  . 

Denison,  John  . 

Davis,  John  .... 

Davis,  Cornelius  .  . 


Claimants. 

Solomon  Lakeman. 

Capt.  John  Fowle  (2). 
Philemon  Dane,  son. 
Nath1.  Durell,  son. 

Capt.  John  G-reenleaf,  jr 
John  Bartlet,  jr. 
Ephraim  Dow,  son. 
Nathan  Simons  (2). 
John  Denison,  son. 
Jonathan  Davis,  son. 
John  Crescey. 

Wm.  Bosell  (2) . 


Elsley,  William  . 

Elsley  (Ilsley),  Isaac  .  . 

Easmon,  Thomas  . 
Emerson,  Nath1.  .  .  . 

Emery,  Jonathan  .  .  . 

Emons,  Peter  .  .  .  . 


Capt.  Wm.  Elsley. 

Capt.  Wm.  Elsley,  son. 
Jonathan  Easmon,  son. 
Nathan  Simons  (2). 
Stephen  Emerson,  son. 
John  Thurston  (2). 
John  Emery,  son. 
Stephen  Emery  (2). 
Gershom  Frazer. 
Stephen  Smith. 


Fuller,  James  .  . 

Fellows,  Isaac  .  .  . 

Fellows,  Joseph  . 

George,  James  .  .  . 

Greenleaf,  Stephen,  Capt. 
Gody  (Goddin),  Amos 

Giddins,  John 

Gallaway,  Hugh 

Herin,  John  . 

Harvey,  John 
Hobson,  John 
Hutchinson,  Sam1, 

Hadley,  Sam1.  . 

Hill,  Sam1.  .  . 


James  Fuller,  son. 
Jonathan  Fellows,  son. 
Joseph  Fellows,  son. 

Francis  George. 

James  George  (2). 

Capt.  John  Greenleaf,  jr. 
Stephen  Emerson. 
Solomon  Giddins,  son. 
John  Fowl  (2). 

Gershom  Fraizer. 

Moses  Titcomb  (2). 

Jona.  Fellows. 

John  Harvey,  son. 

John  Hobson,  son. 

Sam1.  Mugrige. 

John  Harvey. 

Joseph  Bailey  (2). 

John  Corser. 

Abraham  Adams  (2). 


Ingals,  Sam1 .  Samuel  Ingals,  grandson. 

rWm.  Foster. 

Jackson,  John . ■<  John  Foster  (2). 

(Asa  Foster  (2) . 

Jackson,  Caleb .  Joshua  Jackson,  son. 

Jacobs,  Richard .  Philip  Fowler. 

Jewett,  Joseph .  Mr.  Jona.  Jewett,  son. 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  1. 


415 


Soldier  Grantees. 

Kimbal,  Henry  .  .  . 

Kimbal,  Caleb  . 
Kinsmon,  Robert 

Keene,  Nath1.  .  . 

Kneeland,  Sam1.  .  . 

Knowlton,  Wm.  . 
Kingsbury,  Thomas 
Kennistone,  Christopher 

Laighton,  John  .  .  . 

Low,  Thomas  .  .  . 

Little,  Moses  .... 
Lad,  Daniel  .... 
Lovel,  John  .... 

Musgro,  Jabez  .  . 

Moors,  Jona,  Lieut. .  . 

Mitchell,  John  .  .  . 

Martin,  John .... 


Newman,  Benjamin 
Newmarch,  Zaccheus 


Claimants. 

James  G-odfrey. 

Samuel  Hovey. 

Joseph  Kinsmon,  son. 
Joseph  Coffin. 

Francis  Pickard. 

Mr.  Aquila  Jewett. 

Francis  Pickard. 

John  Pemberton  (2). 
Moses  Mitchel. 

Israel  Read  (2). 

Deacon  Joseph  Kingsbury. 
Ebenezer  Smith. 

Ezekiel  Mighill  (2). 

John  Laighton,  son. 

Jona.  Low. 

Col.  Joseph  Gerish. 
Nathan  Simons. 

Alexander  Lovel. 

Joseph  Gerish,  Esq. 

Daniel  Hale  (2) . 

Sam1.  Walker. 

Mary  Mitchell,  dau. 
Ambros  Berrey  (2). 

John  Martin,  son. 

Joseph  Bailey  (2). 
Timothy  Davis  (2). 

John  Brown. 

Mr.  Daniel  Hale  (2) . 
John,  son. 


Poore,  Sam1.  .  .  . 

Parson,  Benjamin  . 
Plummer,  Joseph 
Poore,  Henry  .  . 

Pickard,  John 
Palmer,  Thomas 

Parse  (Peirce),  Sam1. 

Potter,  Edmund  .  . 


{Stephen  Emery3*1. 

Richard  Dole. 

Joseph  Peasley  (2) . 
Bartholomew  Pearson. 

John  Plummer,  gr.  grandson. 
Samuel  Poore,  son. 

Jona.  Pickard,  grandson. 
Timothy  Palmer,  son. 

(  Ephraim  Fitts, 
j  Isaac  Appleton  (2) . 

Nath1.  Potter. 


Ring,  Daniel,  Capt.  .  .  . 

Richardson,  Caleb  .  .  .  . 

Rogers,  Thomas . 

Rollins,  Nicholas  .  .  .  . 

Richardson,  Nicholas  .  .  . 


Capt.  Tho8.  Standford. 
Thomas  Gellins  (Jillings). 
Thomas  Bartlet,  Jr. 
Thomas  Rogers  (2). 

Benja.  Rollins. 

Ebenezer  Watson. 

John  Brooks  (2). 

Isaac  Appleton. 


416 


king  philip’s  war. 


Soldier  Grantees. 

Ruff,  Daniel  .... 

Rose,  Joseph .... 
Rolf,  Daniel  .... 

Sumersby,  Daniel  .  . 

Sheapard,  Solomon 
Stimson,  George  .  . 

Spofford,  John  .  .  . 

Sawyer,  William 
Smith,  Thomas  .  .  . 

Sadler,  Abiel .... 
Swan,  Robert  .  .  . 

Storer,  Seth  .... 
Swan,  Richd . 

Sparks,  Thomas .  .  . 

Stickney,  John  .  .  . 

Sheapard,  John  .  .  . 

Tenny,  Daniel  .  .  . 

Tarbot,  Nicholas  .  . 

Tenney,  Thomas  .  . 

Thurston,  Daniel  .  . 

Taylor,  Sam1.  .  .  . 


{ 

{ 

I 

{ 

{ 

{ 

{ 

1 


{ 

I 


Claimants. 

Mr.  Joseph  Parker. 

Capt.  John  Fowl  (2). 

John  Hobson. 

Capt  Samuel  Walker  (2). 
Israel  Read. 

Nath1.  Clark. 

Mr.  Nathaniel  Dummer  (2). 
Solomon  Sheapard,  son. 
Richard  Stimson,  son. 

George  Stimson. 

Sam1.  Herimon. 

Richd.  Thurston. 

Mr.  Francis  Sawyer,  son. 
Joseph  Pike. 

Daniel  Woodman  (2). 

John  Sadler. 

Richd.  Swan,  son. 

Obadiah  Johnson  (2). 

Seth  Storer,  son. 

Zechariah  Storer  (2). 

Crisp  Bradbury. 

John  Brown. 

John  Gains. 

Joseph  Woodman  (2). 

Sam1.  Stickney,  son. 

Moses  Prime  (2) . 

Timothy  Sheapard,  grandson. 
Benjamin  Moody  (2). 

Daniel  Tenney,  son. 

Capt.  Thos.  Walinford. 

Rev.  James  Pike. 

Sam1.  Tenney. 

Thomas  Gage  (2). 

Daniel  Thurston,  son. 

John  Thurston,  grandson  (2). 
John  Gains. 

Nathaniel  Cross  (2). 


Verey,  Sam1.  .  . 

Verey,  Benjamin 
Verey,  Jonathan 

Williams,  John  . 
Woodin,  John 
Woodward,  Ezekiel 
Wait,  Thomas  . 


Benjamin  Pearson  (2). 
Deacon  Sam1.  Moody. 
Benjamin  Pearson. 

Nathan  Simonds. 

John  Hobson. 

John  Fowle. 

Thos.  Bartlet,  jr. 


Young,  Francis 


Benjamin  Woodman. 
Joseph  Woodman  (2). 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  2. 


417 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  2,  NOW  WESTMINSTER,  MASS. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  several  committees  of  the  seven  com¬ 
panies,  held,  October  17,  1733,  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Luke  Verdey, 
in  Boston,  before  the  drawing  of  lots,  for  choice  of  townships, 
it  was  voted  that  whatever  company  should  happen  to  draw 
the  Township  No.  2,  at  Wachuset,  should  lay  out  and  assign  to 
his  Excellency,  Jonathan  Belcher,  Esqr.,  five  hundred  acres  of 
land  in  said  town  for  his  honored  father’s  right. 

No.  2  was  evidently  considered  the  most  desirable  of  the  town¬ 
ships,  as  it  was  nearest  to  Boston  and  had  already  been  somewhat 
improved,  being  one  of  the  two  assigned  in  1728.  Hence  the 
concession  above.  The  township  was  drawn  by  Mr.  James 
Lowden  and  Company,  representing  the  grantees  from  the  towns 
of  Cambridge,  Charlestown,  Watertown,  Weston,  Sudbury,  New¬ 
ton,  Medford,  Malden  and  Reading. 

The  committee  for  this  company  was  John  Cutting,  of  Water- 
town,  James  Lowden,  of  Charlestown,  and  Joseph  Bowman,  of 
Watertown.  In  the  original  records  of  this  company  the 
names  are  arranged  in  the  lists  under  different  towns.  I  have 
varied  the  original  arrangement  a  little,  in  order  to  save  repeti¬ 
tions,  and  so  as  to  put  the  “  Soldier  Grantee’s  ”  name  first.  For 
instance,  instead  of  “  Downing  Champney  for  his  father  Sam11,” 
I  have  placed  the  grantee  first,  the  claimant  second,  and  the 
relationship  last.  The  following  is  the  list: 


A  LIST  OF  THE  GRANTEES  OF  THE  NARRAGANSET  TOWN¬ 
SHIP  NO.  2. 

CAMBRIDGE. 


Soldier  Grantees. 

William  Russell,  alive. 

Gershom  Cutter,  alive. 

Joseph  Beames . 

Capt.  (Jona)  Remington  .  .  . 

Sami.  Champney . 

Thomas  Bathrick . 

John  Barrel . 

William  Gleason . 

John  Smith . 

Sami.  Smith . 

Joseph  Smith . 

Nathaniel  Smith . 

Thomas  Brown . 

Simon  Gates . 

John  Willington . 

Thomas  Brattle . 

James  Cheaver 


Claimants. 


Joseph  Beames,  son. 
Jonathan,  son. 

Downing  Champney,  son. 
Jonathan,  son. 

Peter  Hay,  Bro.-in-law. 
William,  son. 

Heirs. 

Sami.  Smith,  nephew. 
Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Jonathan,  son. 

Thomas,  nephew. 

Wm.  Brattle,  gr.  son.  v 
Daniel  Cheaver,  nephew. 


418 


king  philip’s  war. 


CHARLESTOWN. 

Soldier  Grantees.  Claimants. 


James  Lowden,  alive. 
Samuel  Read,  alive. 
Henry  Sumers  alive. 

John  Fosket  .... 

• 

Robert,  son. 

Isaac  Lewis  .... 

• 

Thomas  Skinner,  nephew. 

Samuel  Fosket  .  .  . 

• 

Samuel,  son. 

Sami.  Long,  nephew. 

Sami.  Newell .... 

• 

Joseph  Dowse  .  .  . 

• 

Margery,  daughter. 

Benjamin  Lathrop  .  . 

• 

Nathl.  Goodwin,  nephew. 

James  Smith’s  heir  .  . 

• 

Jonathan  Call. 

Joseph  Pratt  .... 

• 

Heirs. 

Samuel  Lemmon 

• 

Heirs  ^ 

William  Burt .... 

• 

Heirs. 

Jacob  Cole  .... 

• 

Heirs. 

John  Mousley  (Mousall) 

• 

Heirs. 

Humphrey  Miller 

• 

Heirs. 

John  Hawkins  .  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

John  Trumbul  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

Alexander  Philips  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

George  Mudge  .  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

John  Shepherd  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

Thomas  Welch  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

George  Grind  .  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

Joseph  Lind  .... 

• 

Heirs. 

Timothy  Cuttler .  .  . 

• 

Heirs. 

(Jonathan)  Kittle  .  . 

• 

James,  son. 

Thomas  Genner  (Jenner) 

• 

Heirs. 

Matthew  Griffin  .  .  . 

• 

John,  heir. 

John  Breed  .... 

• 

Ebenezer,  son. 

Hopestill  Davis  .  .  . 

• 

Zechariah,  nephew. 

Jonathan  Sprague  . 

• 

John,  son. 

Edward  Johnson  .  . 

• 

Elezer,  son. 

John  Senter  .... 

• 

John,  son. 

WATERTOWN. 


Thomas  Sawen . 

Ephraim  Cutler,  alive. 

.  John,  son. 

James  Cutting . 

John  Barnard,  alive. 

Joshua  Biglow,  alive. 

William  Shattuck,  alive. 

.  Jonas,  son. 

Joseph  Grout . 

.  Joseph,  son. 

Jonathan  Smith . 

.  Zechariah,  son. 

.  Samuel,  nephew. 

John  Hager . 

George  Herrington  .... 
John  Herrington,  alive. 

.  Heirs. 

Dr.  (Palgrave)  Willington  . 
Zachariah  Cutting,  alive. 

.  Heirs. 

John  Bright . 

.  John,  nephew. 

NARRAGANSET  NO.  2. 


419 


Soldier  Grantees.  Claimants. 

William  Parmeter . George,  son. 

Jacob  Bullard . Joseph  Ball,  nephew. 

Timothy  Rice . Tho.  Herrington,  son-in-law. 

John  Sherman . John,  nephew. 

James  Barnard . Joseph  Bowman,  niece’s  husband. 

Joseph  Smith . Joseph,  son. 

Elnathan  Beirs . Richard,  son. 

Michael  Flag . Heirs. 

John  Barnard . Joseph  Bowman,  son-in-law. 

John  Cutting . John,  son. 

Joseph  Preist . Joseph,  son. 

Benjamin  Willington  ....  Heirs. 


WESTON. 

Caleb  Grant . Ebenezer  Boynton,  son-in-law. 

Thomas  Cory . Thomas,  son. 

Daniel  Warren,  alive. 

James  Pike . Onesiphorus,  son. 

Jeremiah  Norcross . Nathaniel  Norcross. 


SUDBURY. 

Matthew  Gibbs,  alive. 

Thomas  Taylor . Richard,  son. 

Sebred  Taylor . Thomas,  son. 

John  Marston,  alive. 

John  Parkhurst . John,  son. 

Dennis  Hedley,  alive. 

John  Adams,  alive. 

Joseph  Parmeter . Benjamin,  brother. 

Thomas  Rutter . Joseph,  son. 

Joseph  Graves . Ebenezer,  son. 

Joseph  More . John,  son. 


NEWTON. 


Sebom  Jackson . Edward,  son. 

Nathaniel  Haly,  alive. 

Richard  Beach . Isaac,  brother. 

Stephen  Cook,  alive. 

John  Park . John,  son. 

Jacob  Willard . Jonathan,  son. 

Capt.  Thomas  Prentice,  Heirs. 


MEDFORD. 

Capt.  (Joseph)  Scill  ....  John  Hall,  son-in-law. 

John  Whitmore . John,  son. 

Thomas  Willis . William,  son. 


420 


king  philip’s  war. 


MALDEN. 

Soldier  Grantees.  Claimants. 

John  Mudge,  alive. 

Phineas  Upham . Sam’l  Kneeland,  “  asine.” 

Abraham  Skinner . Abraham,  son. 

James  Cheak . Heirs. 

John  Winslow . John,  son. 

John  Bacheler . Wm.  Willis,  “  for  the  heirs.” 


Jonathan  Parker .  .  .  . 

Edmon  Brown  .  , 

Thomas  Nichols,  alive. 
Major  (Jeremiah)  Swain  . 
Isaac  Welman  .  .  .  . 

Benjamin  Davis  .  .  .  . 

Samuel  Lamson  .  .  .  . 

Thomas  Hodgman  .  .  . 

Phinehas  Upham  .  .  . 

William  Jones  .  .  .  . 


REDING. 

.  Nathl.,  nephew. 

.  Richard,  nephew. 

.  Heirs. 

.  Heirs. 

.  Heirs. 

.  Samuel,  son. 

.  Heirs. 

.  Richard,  son. 

.  Samuel  Chandler. 


The  original  list  from  which  I  copied  the  above  is  signed  by 
“  Andrew  Darby,  Proprietor’s  Clark.”  The  Company  held  their 
first  meeting  in  Cambridge,  December  20, 1633,  and  increased  the 
committee  to  five  persons  by  the  addition  of  Ebenezer  Breed  and 
Samuel  Trumbull,  to  those  already  named.  There  are,  in  the 
above  list,  118  names.  Phineas  Upham  appears  twice.  I  think 
John  Barnard,  then  alive,  was  the  son  of  John,  for  whom  Capt. 
Bowman  drew  in  the  right  of  his  wife.  Much  more  matter  of 
interest  may  be  found  in  the  excellent  “  History  of  Westminster,” 
by  Rev.  Wm.  S.  Heywood. 


NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP  NO.  3,  AMHERST,  N.H. 

The  second  of  the  two  townships  granted  in  1728  became  No. 
3,  “  Sonhegan  West,”  in  the  later  division;  and  was  drawn  to 
the  grantees  represented  in  the  towns  of  Salem,  Lynn,  Marble¬ 
head,  Gloucester,  Andover,  Topsfield,  Beverly,  Wenham,  Box- 
ford,  Bradford,  Scarborough,  York,  Falmouth,  Chatham. 

The  committee  chosen  to  manage  the  propriety  were :  Richard 
Mower,  of  Lynn;  John  Trask,  Salem;  and  Ebenezer  Rayment. 
This  township  was  incorporated  as  Amherst,  N.H.,  and  origi¬ 
nally  embraced  parts  of  the  present  towns  of  Merrimack,  Mt. 
Vernon,  and  Milford,  N.H.  An  excellent  history  of  this  town, 
by  D.  F.  Secomb,  was  published  in  1883. 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  3. 


421 


LIST  OF  GRANTEES,  HEIRS,  AND  LATER  PROPRIETORS  OF 
NARRAGANSET  NO.  3,  SOUHEGAN  WEST;  NOW  AMHERST, 
N.H. 


Soldier  Grantee. 

Edward  Harradaway, 
John  Elwell  . 
Thomas  Babson  .  . 

Joseph  Soams 
Thomas  Putnam  . 
Joseph  Hutchinson  . 
Andrew  Gold  .  .  . 

Thomas  Fuller 
John  Ross  . 


Samuel  Verry  .  .  . 

Joseph  Holton 
Thomas  Flynt  .  . 

Samuel  Pickworth 
William  Curtice  .  . 

William  Trask 
Thomas  Bell  .  .  . 

Jonathan  Lambert  . 
William  Osborn  . 
John  Bullock  . 
Jeremiah  Neal 
John  Gloyd  . 

Capt.  (Joseph)  Gard¬ 
ner  . 

John  Abbott  .  .  . 

Thomas  Kenney  .  . 

Edward  Hollice  .  . 

Richard  Prince  .  . 

John  Tarble  .  .  . 

Joseph  Herrick  .  . 


William  Hinds  .  . 

David  Shaply . 

John  Walcot  .  .  . 

Joseph  Majory  .  . 

Dr.  (Richard)  Knott, 
Stephen  Sweat  .  . 

John  Gatchell  .  . 


SALEM. 

Claimant. 

Heirs. 

John,  son  .  . 

•  • 

John,  brother  . 

•  • 

Nathaniel,  nephew. 

Thomas,  son. 
Robert,  son. 
Ezekiel  Marsh, 

son- 

in-law. 

William,  son. 
Jonathan  Marsh, 

son- 

in-law  .  . 

•  • 

Jonathan,  son 

Alive  .  . 

#  # 

John,  son  .  . 

•  • 

Heirs  .  .  . 

William,  son  . 

•  • 

John,  son  .  . 

•  • 

Alive  .  .  . 

William,  son  . 

•  • 

John,  son. 
Jeremiah,  son  . 

•  • 

John,  son  .  . 

•  • 

Habakkuk,  nephew  . 

Alive . 

Heirs . 

Heirs . 

Joseph,  nephew  .  . 

Heirs . 

Joseph,  son. 


MARBLEHEAD. 

Alive. 

Richard,  son  .  .  . 

Jonathan,  son  .  . 

Joseph,  son  .  .  . 

Thomas  Martin. 
Joseph,  brother  . 
Jeremiah,  nephew 


By  whom  drawn. 

John  Stevens. 
Joseph  Williams. 


By  Jonathan  Marsh’s 
order. 

John  Felton. 

Ebenezer  Fowl. 

George  Deland. 
Benjamin  Ives. 

William  Curtice. 

John  Trask. 

Samuel  Bell. 

Ephraim  Ingalls. 
William  Osborn. 

Jeremiah  Neal. 

John  Trask. 

Belongs  to  Joshua  Hicks. 
Ephraim  Ingalls. 

Daniel  Kenney. 
Benjamin  Ives. 

Richard  Prince. 
Cornelius  Tarbel. 


Sold  to  Obid  Abot. 
Jacob  Symonds  for 
Jabez  Crocker. 
Joseph  Majory. 

Joseph  Sweat. 

Jeremiah  Gatchell. 


422 


king  philip’s  war. 


Soldier  Grantee 

Henry  Collins . 
John  Newhall . 

Thomas  Baker 
William  Bassett 

Samuel  Johnson 
Joseph  Collins 
John  Burrill  . 
Robert  Potter  . 
John  Lindsey  . 

Aquilla  Ramsdell 


Robert  Driver  .  . 

Ephraim  Farrow  .  . 

John  Ballard  .  .  . 

John  Mower  .  .  . 

Samuel  Graves  .  . 

Samuel  Edmonds  .  . 

John  Farrington  .  . 

John  Davis  .  .  . 

- Rand  . 

Joseph  Farr  .  .  . 

John  Lewis  .  .  . 

Samuel  Tarbox  .  . 

- Johnson  .  .  . 

Joseph  Barrell  .  . 

Timothy  Breed  .  . 

Andrew  Townsend  . 
Richard  Haven  .  . 


LYNN. 

Claimant. 

Alive . 

Alive . 

Alive . 

William  Bassett,  gr. 
son. 

Richard  Johnson,  son, 
William,  son  . 
Ebenezer,  brother  . 
Benjamin,  son 
Joseph  Farr,  son-in- 
law  .  •  .  •  » 

Benjamin,  son  .  . 


Ruth  Driver,  daugh¬ 
ter  . 

Samuel  Newhall, 
nephew  .... 
John,  son  .  .  . 

Richard,  son  .  .  . 

Samuel,  son  .  .  . 


John,  son. 

Michael  Bowden,  son- 
in-law  .  .  .  . 

Robert  Rand,  son. 
Joseph  Farr,  son 
Edmund,  gr.  son 

Heirs . 

Jonathan  Johnson  . 
Ebenezer  Barrell, 
gr.  son  .  .  . 

Timothy,  son  .  . 

Heirs . 

Joseph,  son. 


By  whom  drawn. 

By  Henry  Collins'  order. 
By  Jacob  Newhall,  now 
Henr.  Adams. 

By  Thomas  Baker. 

Richard  Johnson,  v 
William  (Dec.11,1739). 
Ebenezer  Burrill,  Esq. 
Benjamin  Potter. 

By  said  Farr’s  order. 
Due  to  proprietors  2- 
10-0,  besides  the  vote 
for  6s.,  towards  the 
Meeting  house. 

Capt.  Potter. 

Benjamin  Newhall. 
John  Ballard. 

Richard  Mower. 

Samuel  Graves. 

John  Jenks. 


Michael  Bowden. 

By  his  order. 

By  Edmund  Lewis. 
Thomas  Tarbox. 

By  Jonathan  Johnson. 
By  same  (E.  Marsh¬ 
field)  . 

Same,  Timothy  Breed. 
Nathaniel  Evins. 


Henry  Row  .  .  . 

Samuel  Ingersoll  .  . 

Edward  Harringdon  . 
John  Day  .  .  .  . 

Isaac  Ellery  .  . 


Samuel  Tyler  .  .  . 

James  Fry  .  .  .  . 

Nathaniel  Ballard 


GLOUCESTER. 

Jacob  Row,  son 

Alive . 

Alive . 

Alive . 

Samuel  Stevens. 

r 

ANDOVER. 

Ebenezer,  son  .  . 

Alive . 

William,  son  .  .  . 


Josiah  Ingersoll. 
Joseph  Harringdon. 
Joshua  Hicks. 


James  Parker. 

Joseph  Parker. 

Same,  William  Ballard. 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  3, 


423 


Soldier  Grantee 

John  Presson  . 
John  Ballard  . 
Ebenezer  Barker 
Andrew  Peters 
John  Parker  . 
Samuel  Phelps 


Zaccheus  Perkins  . 
Nathaniel  Wood  . 
Abraham  Fitts 
Thomas  Davis 


Elihu  Ward  well 
John  Huchins  . 
Josiah  Clark  . 
James  Ford 
Samuel  Perkins 
Joseph  Wells  . 
Jonathan  Wild 
Robert  Brown . 


Thomas  Rayment 
Ralph  Elinwood  . 
Henry  Bayley . 
Christopher  Reid  . 
Lott  Con  ant  .  . 

Thomas  Blachfield 
John  Elinwood  . 

Joseph  Morgan  . 
William  Dodge  . 
John  Dodge  .  . 

Jonathan  Byels  . 
William  Rayment 
Elias  Picket  . 
Samuel  Harris 


Thomas  Abbet 
Richard  Hutton  . 

Joseph  Bacheler  . 
Joseph  Perkins  . 


Claimant. 

.  Alive. 

.  John,  son  . 

.  Alive  .  . 

.  Andrew,  son 


Alive  . 

• 

Alive  . 

• 

TOPSFIELD. 

Alive  . 

• 

•  • 

Alive  . 

• 

•  • 

Heirs  . 

• 

•  • 

Heirs  . 

• 

•  • 

Heirs. 

Heirs 

• 

•  • 

Heirs  . 

• 

•  • 

Heirs 

• 

•  • 

Heirs 

• 

•  • 

Heirs. 

Heirs  . 

• 

•  • 

Samuel  Kneeland. 

BEVERLY. 

.  Alive. 

.  (Alive)  .  .  .  . 

.  Alive. 

.  Alive. 

.  Alive  . 

.  Thomas,  son  .  . 

.  Andrew  Dodge  . 

.  Joseph,  son  .  . 

.  Heirs. 

.  Heirs  .  .  .  . 

.  Alive. 

.  Heirs  .  .  .  . 

.  Joseph,  son. 

.  Heirs  .  .  .  . 


By  whom  drawn. 

.  Sherebiah  Ballard. 
.  Edward  Phelps. 

.  Andrew  Peters. 

.  John  Parker. 

.  John  Phelps. 


.  Nathan  Armes. 

.  John  Wilds. 

.  Deacon  Fellows. 
.  Elezer  Porter. 


S 


.  (By  himself.) 


.  Ebenezer  Rayment. 

.  Ebenezer  Elingwood. 


WENHAM. 

.  Thomas,  son. 

.  Elizabeth  Fowler, 

daughter  ...  By  Capt.  Kembal. 
.  John  Bacheler,  nephew. 

.  William  Rogers  and  Jo¬ 
seph  Perkins. 


.  By  T.  Perkins. 

.  John  Wilds. 

.  Abraham  Fitts. 

.  (Bought  at  vendue, 
by  Capt.  Stephen 
Peabody.) 


.  John  Wild. 


.  Joshua  Conant. 

.  Robert  Hale. 

.  Now  Thomas  Clark’s, 
July  17,  1739. 

.  Daniel  Herrick. 

.  Jona.  and  John  Dodge. 


424 

king  Philip’s  war. 

B0XF0RD. 

Soldier  Grantee. 

Claimant. 

By  whom  drawn. 

William  Peabody 

Stephen,  son. 

Stephen  Peabody. 

Francis  Jefferys  .  . 

James  Curtice. 

Robert  Andrews  .  . 

John,  son  .... 

Thomas  Andrews. 

Joseph  Bixbe  .  .  . 

John,  son  .... 

BRADFORD. 

By  same,  John  Bixbe. 

John  Boynton  .  . 

Ichabod,  son  .  .  . 

SCARBOROUGH. 

By  John  Bixbe.  Sold 
Hobbs  for  £60.  at 
vendue,  October  18: 
1743. 

John  Harmon 1  .  . 

Alive . 

READING. 

Thomas  Stocker,  junr. 

John  Bowtel  .  .  . 

John,  son  .... 

Samuel  Lampson. 

Nicholas  Lum  (Lunn) , 

Thomas  Bancroft. 

YORK. 

Andrew  Sargent  .  . 

Dennison,  son  .  . 

FALMOUTH. 

Capt.  Joshua  Hicks. 

Joseph  Hatch  .  .  . 

Alive. 

Philip  Dexter  .  .  . 

Alive. 

CHATHAM. 

Robert  Nicholson 

Robert,  son. 

SALEM. 

Nicholas  Manning  . 

Samuel  Manning, 

nephew  .... 

By  said  S.  M. 

Timothy  Lufkin  .  . 

Thomas,  son  .  .  . 

Samuel  Manning. 

A  Committee  for  Adjusting  Claims,  gives  the  Rights  drawn  to  and 
entered  in  the  name  of 

Robert  Hucherson  to  Joseph  Hucherson. 

John  Dodges  Heirs  belongs  to  Jonathan  Dodge. 

Thomas  Blachfield’s  “  “  Henry  Blachfield. 

Jonathan  Wilds’  “  “  John  Wild. 


1  It  may  be  of  interest  to  note  here  that  it  was  in  a  search  after  this  John  Harmon,  a  maternal 
ancestor,  that  the  writer  of  this  volume  discovered  the  Treasury  Books  of  John  Hall,  the  con¬ 
tents  of  which  became  the  basis  of  the  “  Soldiers  in  King  Philip’s  War.” 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  4. 


425 


NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP  NO.  4,  NOW  GREENWICH, 

MASS. 

The  last  “  plat,”  or  plan  of  the  townships  to  be  laid  out  and 
presented  to  the  Court  for  confirmation,  was  No.  4.  This  was 
located  at  Amoskeag  Falls,  and  embraced  what  is  now  Goffstown, 
N.H.  With  allowances  for  poor  land,  ponds,  and  fifty  acres  for  a 
fishing-place,  at  the  Falls,  it  contained  26,160  acres.  Mr.  Edward 
Shove,  Mr.  Josiah  Keith,  and  Col.  John  Chandler  were  chosen  a 
committee  to  manage  the  affairs  of  this  township. 

December  16,  1735,  a  petition  of  John  Foster  and  Edward 
Shove,  in  behalf  of  the  grantees  of  No.  4,  declares  that,  upon 
viewing  the  grant  in  order  to  lay  out  their  lots,  “  they  found  it  so 
poor  and  barren,  as  to  be  altogether  uncapable  of  making  settle¬ 
ments  ;  and  therefore  pray  that  they  may  have  liberty  to  quit  it 
and  take  up  the  Said  Grant  in  some  other  province  land.” 

This  petition  was  granted,  and  the  petitioners  were  ordered  to 
locate  another  tract  in  some  unoccupied  section,  and  return  a 
plot  of  the  same  to  the  Court  within  twelve  months. 

The  report  of  location  and  survey  was  made  December  5, 1737, 
Nathaniel  Kellogg  being  the  surveyor,  who  reported  the  plot  to 
contain  23,040  acres,  exclusive  of  600  acres  previously  laid  out 
to  one  Colman.  This  grant,  thus  located  and  surveyed,  was  con¬ 
firmed  by  the  Court  January  13, 1738.  Next  year  the  committee 
return  again,  petitioning  for  3,500  acres  more  (to  make  up  for 
ponds,  and  a  tract  belonging  to  Mr.  Starr),  which  land  lies  on 
their  North  line,  between  Hatfield  and  a  place  called  Huntstown. 
June  17,  1740,  this  propriety  was  granted  an  extension  of  two 
years  to  their  time  of  settlement.  Again,  June  12,  1753,  Samuel 
Robinson,  of  Hardwick,  for  “  himself  and  the  rest  of  the  proprie¬ 
tors  of  Narraganset  No.  4,  Lying  part  at  a  place  called  Quabbin, 
and  part  west  of  and  adjoining  Hatfield,”  etc.,  petitioned  the 
Court  to  reestablish  and  confirm  the  grant  of  the  3,500  acres, 
made  in  1740,  as  the  Acts  of  the  Court,  including  this  grant, 
were  destroyed  when  the  Court-house  was  burned,  (December  9, 
1747). 

The  old  Proprietors’  Record-Book  in  the  town  clerk’s  office 
at  Greenwich  is  in  a  fair  state  of  preservation,  but  the  writing, 
in  this  list  of  grantees,  is  very  hard  to  decipher.  I  spent  some 
hours  over  it  with  the  assistance  of  the  gentlemanly  town  clerk, 
Mr.  H.  B.  Hodgkin,  and  I  think  the  following  is  as  accurate  as 
it  can  now  be  made.  The  names  and  places  noted  with  a  star  (*) 
are  in  doubt. 


426 


king  philip’s  war. 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  4,  NOW  GREENWICH ,  MASS. 

NORTHAMPTON. 

Soldier  Grantee.  Claimant. 

Daniel  Alexander . John,  brother. 

Samuel  Judd . Samuel,  brother. 

HADLEY. 


SUFFIELD. 

.  Samuel,  son. 

ENFIELD. 


DEERFIELD. 

.  .  Sam1,  and  Timothy,  sons. 

WORCESTER. 

Bartholomew  Flagg  ....  Benjamin,  brother. 

WOODSTOCK. 

James  Hudson . Sarah  Mercy,  daughter. 

Nathaniel  Sanger,  alive. 

Joseph  Lyon . Joseph,  son. 

Capt.  Isaac  Johnson  ....  Joseph,  grandson. 

Joseph  Carpenter . Eliphalet,  son. 

Henry  Bowen . Henry,  grandson. 

OXFORD. 

Joseph  Chamberlain  ....  Joseph,  son. 

Abiell  Lamb . Abiell,  son. 

BROOKFIELD. 

Edward  Walker,  alive. 

MANSFIELD. 

John  Dunham . Isaac,  son. 

Benjamin  Hall,  alive. 

Shuball  Dimmock,  alive. 

NORWICH. 

Thomas  Hazen,  alive. 

Daniel  Wicomb . Daniel,  son. 

Israeli  Hendrick . Israeli,  son. 

David  Hartshorn,  alive. 

John  Hartshorn,  alive. 


William  Ramsdell,  alive. 
Rich*1.  Childs  .... 


Thomas  Hovey,  alive. 

John  Pengally,  alive. 
Samuel  Lain  . 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  4. 


427 


POMFRET. 

Soldier  Grantee.  Claimant. 

Samuel  Taylor,  alive. 

Jeremiah  Sabin . Jeremiah,  nephew. 

Fenwick  Sawyer . Fenwick,  son. 

John  Corbin . Nath1.  Sessions,  son-in-law. 


WINDHAM. 

Jeremiah  Ripley . Joshua,  son. 

Ephraim  Beamass,  alive. 


BRISTOL. 

John  Bozorth . John,  son. 

TAUNTON. 


.  Thomas,  son. 

.  John  Woodwrrd,  son-in-law.1 
.  Joseph,  son. 

.  Samuel,  son. 

.  Heirs. 

.  Heirs. 

SWANZT. 

John  Wheeton,  alive. 

Thomas  Buffington,  alive. 

John  Brown . John,  son. 


John  Spurr,  alive. 

John  Thresher,  alive. 
Malachi  Holloway,  alive. 
William  Hopkins,  alive. 
John  Maccomber  .  . 

Ebenezer  Owen  .  .  . 

Joseph  White  .  .  . 

Samuel  Mirick  .  .  . 

Jacob  Hathaway  .  . 

James  Bell  .... 


Jonathan  Willmarth,  alive. 
Sampson  Mason,  alive. 

Joseph  Baker . 

John  Hull . 

John  Ridaway  .... 

Josiah  Perry . 

John  Ide . 

Thomas  Kindrick  . 
Joseph  Daggett  .... 
John  Martin . 


REHOBOTH. 


.  .  John,  son. 

.  .  Edward,  son. 

.  .  James,  son. 

.  .  Josiah,  son. 

.  .  Timothy,  brother. 

.  .  Heirs. 

.  .  John,  son. 

.  .  John,  son. 


LITTLE  COMPTON. 

Benjamin  Church . Thomas,  son. 


1  Ebenezer  Owen  had  a  aon  who  has  left  a  Bon  called  Thomas  Owen  who  claims,  and  to  whom 
the  right  belongs. 


428 


king  philip’s  war. 


Soldier  Grantee. 

Theophilus  Mitchell 
Abraham  Hathaway 
Benjamin  Crane  .  .  . 


DIGHTON. 


Claimant. 

.  .  .  Edwd.  Shove,  son-in- 

.  .  .  Abraham,  son. 

.  .  .  Heirs. 


law. 


ATTLEBOROUGH. 

Jonathan  Freeman . Jonathan,  son. 

John  Fitch . Joseph  Brown,  heir. 


NORTON. 

Sam1.  Skillings . Mehitable  Tucker,  daughter. 

William  Wetherell . John,  son. 

Thomas  Barnam . John,  son. 


FREETOWN. 

Joshua  Tisdale . Samuel,  son. 

Moses  Cleveland . John,  son. 


BARRINGTON. 


Benjamin  Allen 
Richard  Allen 
John  Reed 


Joseph,  son. 
Joseph,  nephew. 
John,  son. 


BRIDGEWATER.1 


Richard  Burnham . 

Samuel  Pecher . 

Daniell  Hudson,  alive. 

Richard  Jennings,  alive. 

Isaac  Leonard . 

Joseph  Richards . 

John  Howard . 

James  Cary . 

Elisha  Hayward . 

Jonathan  Washburn  .  .  .  . 

Joseph  Bailey . 

Solomon  Cheever  (Cheeker)  .  . 

Ebenezer  Hill . 

John  Handmore . 


Abigail  Hubbard,  daughter. 
Samuel,  son. 


Isaac,  son. 

Benjamin  Richards. 
Edward,  son. 

James,  son. 

Thomas  3d,  nephew. 
Benjamin,  son. 
Ebenr.  Hill,  nephew. 
Josiah  Edson. 
Ebenezer,  son. 

John,  son. 


KILLINGLY. 

David  Church,  alive. 

Isaac  Morriss . Samuel,  brother. 

LEABANON. 

Benjamin  Woodworth. 

1  Bridgewater  names  confirmed  by  the  partial  list  of  Grantees  in  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  114,  pp. 
103-I1C. 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  4. 


429 


MIDDLEBOROUGH. 

Soldier  Grantee.  Claimant. 

Daniell  Ramsdell . Thomas,  son. 

Isaac  Peirce,  alive. 

*Ellexander  Reynolds  (Rynge) ,  (  ?)  alive. 

MIDDLETON. 

Ebenezer  Prout,  alive. 

PLIMPTON. 

John  Barret,  alive. 

John  Briant,  alive. 

George  Sampson,  alive. 

Caleb  Cook . Heirs. 

KINGSTON. 

William  Bradford . John,  son. 

ROCHESTER. 

Nehemiah  Bessey . Robert,  son. 

Moses  Barlow,  alive. 

Isaac  Holmes . Ebenezer,  son. 

PEMBROOK. 

Elisha  Busbee  (Besbedge)  .  .  Elisha,  son. 

Nathaniel  Nicolls,  alive. 

Hopestill  Busby  (Besbedge)  .  .  Elisha,  nephew. 

MARSHFIELD. 

*' Walter  Noice  (Voice),  alive. 

Jonathan  Crocker,  alive. 

Joseph  Ross,  alive. 

Josiah  Winslow  .  .  . 

James  Snow  .... 


Isaac,  son. 

* - ?  Winslow. 


ASHFIELD. 

Andrew  Watkins . Andrew,  son. 

William  Preist . William,  son. 

COLCHESTER. 

Benjamin  Chamberlain,  alive. 


HADDAM. 

James  Ray,  alive. 

Thomas  Lewis,  alive. 

HEBRON. 

Richard  Man,  alive. 


430 


king  philip’s  war. 


WRENTHAM. 

Soldier  Grantee.  Claimant. 

Thomas  Man . Thomas,  son. 

John  Day . John,  son. 

BELLINGHAM. 

Thomas  Brick . Thomas,  son. 

HORSENECK. 

Thomas  Bullen . Thomas,  son. 

WALPOLE. 

John,  son. 
William,  son. 

NORTH  KINGSTON. 

James  Updike,  alive. 


Samuel  Foster 
William  Robins 


NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP  NO.  5,  SOUHEGAN  EAST,  NOW 
BEDFORD,  PART  OF  MERRIMAC,  AND  PART  OF  MAN¬ 
CHESTER,  N.H. 

This  towuship  was  drawn  to  the  grantees,  or  their  claimants, 
then  (1733),  residing  in  the  several  towns  of  Boston,  Roxbury, 
Dorchester,  Milton,  Braintree,  Weymouth,  Hingham,  Dedham, 
Stoughton,  Brookline,  Needham,  Hull,  Medfield,  Scituate,  New¬ 
port,  New  London  and  Providence.  The  grantees  met,  and  chose 
for  their  committee,  Col.  Thomas  Tileston,  Mr.  Jonathan  Williams 
and  Capt.  Joseph  Ruggles.  A  different  mode  of  management 
and  settlement  was  proposed  by  this  company,  and  allowed  by 
the  General  Court.  They  proposed  to  settle  sixty  families,  and 
the  other  sixty  grantees,  or  those  who  became  proprietors,  to  pay 
five  pounds  on  their  rights,  into  the  general  propriety.  Those 
who  drew  odd-numbered  lots  were  to  pay  five  pounds,  and  those 
who  drew  even  numbers  were  to  settle  families.  All  were  to 
bear  a  proportional  part  in  meeting  the  conditions  of  the  settle¬ 
ment  of  the  township.  From  a  report  made  to  the  General 
Court,  March  25th,  1751  (Mass.  Archives,  vol.  115,  p.  844),  it 
is  seen  that  the  rights  throughout  the  township  were  then  all 
drawn  and  surveyed,  and  the  names  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
settled  and  unsettled  lots  given.  Sixty  families  were  then  settled 
in  town,  but  no  minister,  and  no  meeting-house  built.  One  hun¬ 
dred  and  twenty  acres  had  been  voted  to  Deacon  Jonathan 
Williams  for  his  services  as  proprietor’s  treasurer,  and  one  hun¬ 
dred  and  twenty  more  to  Capt.  Joseph  Blanchard  if  he  erect  a 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  5. 


431 


good  saw-mill  and  corn-mill.  There  had  been  “much  discour¬ 
agement  from  the  late  Indian  wars  and  seventeen  gentlemen 
of  New  Hampshire,  calling  themselves  “  Lord  Proprietors  ”  of  the 
said  Province,  claim  to  own  the  land,  but  have  granted  them 
their  rights  as  laid  out,  on  condition  that  seventeen  rights  be 
reserved  for  themselves. 

LIST  OF  GRANTEES  AND  CLAIMANTS  OF  NARRAGANSET 
NO.  5,  NOW  BEDFORD,  ETC. 

BOSTON. 

Soldier  Grantee.  Claimant. 


Andrew  Belcher,  Esq . 

Dr.  John  Clark . 

Richard  Way . .  . 

William  Dinsdell . 

(Thomas?)  Warren  . 

Henry  Swain . 

Isaac  Prince . 

Dr.  John  Cutler . 

Benjamin  Williams . 

Nicholas  Allin . 

Henry  Timberlake . 

Jeremiah  Fay . 

Thomas  Weymouth . 

John  Arnold . 

Samuel  Polard . 

Samuel  Bicknerd . 

Jacob  Grig . 

Joseph  Gridley . 

John  Nelson,  alive. 

Perez  Savage . 

James  Lendal . 

Thomas  Plimbly . 

John  Mors . 

(John?)  Ruggles . 

John  Triscot . 

Daniel  Matthews . 

Benjamin  Dyer . 

Edward  Ting . 

John  Leach . 

Henry  Chamberlain . 

David  Landon . 

Joshua  Lain . 

Edward  Wedan . 

Joshua  Hewes . 

Ambros  Dawes . 

Zachariah  Gurney,  alive. 

Capt.  (Nath1.)  Davenport  .  . 

Thomas  Hunt,  alive. 


His  Excellency  Jona.  Belcher,  son. 
Heirs,  by  William  Clark.  q-a>^ 
Heirs. 

William,  son. 

Sarah  Warren,  wife. 

Benjamin,  son. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Daniel,  son. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Sam1.  Kneeland,  gr.  son. 

Benjamin,  son. 

Heirs. 

John,  son. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

Heirs. 

John  Gridley,  gr.  son. 

John  Ruggles,  son. 

Samuel  Kneeland. 

Rebecca  Hannan,  daughter. 
Benjamin,  son. 

Edward,  son. 

John,  son. 

John,  son. 

Benjamin,  son. 

John,  son. 

Rebecca  Foster,  daughter. 

Sarah  Perkins. 

Thomas,  son. 

Addington  Davenport,  nephew. 


1  Probably  Thomas,  of  Boston,  M.  Sarah  Fitch.  See  Moseley’s  Co. 


432 


king  Philip’s  war. 


Soldier  Grantee. 

Capt.  (Sam1.)  Wadsworth 

Peter  Bennet . 

Gamaliel  Rogers . 

John  Tuckerman,  alive. 

Richard  Bill . 

William  Hacy . 

John  Richards . 

Capt.  (Sam1.)  Maudesley  .  . 

William  Manley,  alive. 

John  Means,  alive. 

Caleb  Moor  ....... 

Capt.  James  Oliver . 

John  Hands . 

Pilgrim  Simpkins . 

John  Goodwin . 

Thomas  Beedle . 

George  Ripley . 

Thomas  Moors . 

Thomas  Barnard . 


Claimant. 

Joseph,  Esq.,  son.  > 

Owen  Harris,  son-in-law. 
Simon,  son. 

Richard,  son.  s 
William,  gr.  son. 

John,  son. 

Jonathan  Williams,  son-in-law. 


Ephraim,  son. 

Daniel,  nephew,  y 
Hugh  Calder,  son-in-law. 
Thomas  and  John,  sons. 
Nathaniel,  son. 

Thomas,  son. 

Moses  Ayers,  son.(?) 
John,  son. 

Thomas,  son. 


ROXBURY. 


.  .  John  Wilson,  son-in-law 

.  .  Paul,  son.  is 


Joseph  Goad  .... 

Joseph  Dudley,  Esqr.  . 

Paul  Wilson  .... 

John  Watson.  .  .  . 

William  Lyon  .  .  . 

Thomas  Hawley .  .  . 

John  Pay  son  .... 

John  Scot . 

Thomas  Bishop  .  .  . 

Thomas  Weld  .  .  . 

John  Baker,  alive. 

Thomas  Morey  .  . 

Thomas  Hencher . 

Samuel  Williams,  alive. 

Thomas  Baker . 


Henry,  son. 

Caleb  Stedman,  nephew. 

Samuel,  son. 

Edward  Dorr,  son-in-law. 

John,  son. 

Joseph,  son. 

Zachariah  Chandler,  son-in-law. 
Edmond,  son. 

John,  son. 

Zechariah  Smith,  niece’s  husband 
John,  brother. 


Timothy  Tileston  .  .  . 

Hopestill  Humphrey,  alive. 
Thomas  Davenport .  .  . 

Ebenezer  Williams,  alive. 
Henry  Ledbetter  .  . 

Samuel  Jones  .... 
William  Davenport  .  .  . 


DORCHESTER. 

.  .  Thomas,  son. 

.  .  Heirs. 

.  .  Heirs. 

.  .  Ebenezer,  son. 

.  .  Richard,  nephew. 


MILTON. 

John  Miller 
Thomas  Yose 


Samuel,  brother. 
Heirs. 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  5. 


433 


BRAINTREE. 

Soldier  Grantee.  Claimant. 

Samuel  Bass,  alive. 

Samuel  Bingley . Sam1.  Whitt,  son-in-law. 

Thomas  Coplin . Thomas,  son. 

Thomas  Holbrook,  alive. 

Thomas  Bingley . Heirs. 


WEYMOUTH. 


John  Hollis . Samuel,  son. 

William  Sewell . Nicholas  Phillips,  son-in-law. 


John  Burrill,  alive. 

John  Whitmarsh . Gideon  Terrel. 

HINGHAM. 

Joseph  Thorn,  alive. 

Thomas  Thaxter . Samuel,  brother. 

John  Jacobs . John,  son.  v 

Francis  Gurnet . Samuel,  son. 

Samuel  Gill,  alive. 

John  Langley . John,  son. 

Samuel  Lincoln . Samuel,  son. 

Ephraim  Lain . Ephraim,  son. 

Nathaniel  Beal . Heirs. 

Benjamin  Bates . Heirs. 

Cornelius  Canterbury  ....  Heirs. 

(George)  Vickrey . Israel,  son. 

John  Arnold . Heirs. 


DEDHAM. 

Samuel  Gill,  alive. 


Samuel  Colburn . Ephraim  Colburn. 

Jonathan  Gay . Jeremiah,  son. 

William  Dean . Heirs.  (“  Wm.  Dean  died  at  Let> 

anon.”) 

> 

STOUGHTON. 

Peter  Talbot . George,  son. 


BROOKLYN. 

Benjamin  White . Heirs. 

Samuel  Gardner . Joseph,  brother. 


John  Rice,  alive. 


NEEDHAM. 


HULL. 

Joseph  Benson  . Joseph,  son. 

John  Bull . Thomas  Vickars. 


i 


434 


king  philip’s  war. 


MED  FIELD  * 

Soldier  Grantee.  Claimant. 

John  Plympton . John,  son. 

SCITUATE. 

Samuel  Hatch,  alive. 


Richard  Proute . John,  son. 

Israel  Hobart,  alive. 

William  Hawkins . Benjamin  Turner. 

Joseph  Brigs . Heirs. 

NEWPORT. 

Jethro  Jeffreys . Heirs. 

NEW  LONDON. 

Samuel  Knight . Madm.  Livingstone,  niece. 

PROVIDENCE. 

David  Evans . David,  son. 


John  Jacts  (Jaques) ,  alive. 

A  true  copy, 

Attest  Sam11.  Kneeland. 

Cle :  to  the  grantees. 

NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP  NO.  6,  NOW  TEMPLETON, 

MASS. 

This  township  was  confirmed  by  the  General  Court  February 
12th,  1T33,  to  one  hundred  and  twenty  grantees,  or  their  represent¬ 
atives,  then  residing  in  the  towns  of  Concord,  Groton,  Marlboro’, 
Chelmsford,  Billerica,  Lancaster,  Lexington,  Stow,  Framingham, 
Littleton,  Sherborn,  Stoneham,  Southboro’,  Woburn.  The  com¬ 
mittee  chosen  to  manage  the  affairs  of  this  township  were  Mr. 
Samuel  Chandler  of  Concord,  Mr.  Jacob  Wright  of  Woburn,  and 
Capt.  Benjamin  Prescott  of  Groton.  This  committee  seems  to 
have  managed  so  well  as  not  to  have  troubled  the  General  Court 
further,  except  in  1736,  when  it  was  found  that  their  grant  fell 
about  one  thousand  acres  short  of  the  amount  granted,  partly  by 
rectifying  the  line  of  Narraganset  No.  2.  In  answer  to  this  the 
Court  granted  a  tract  of  four  hundred  acres  on  the  northerly 
side,  from  the  Province  lands.  The  list  of  names  for  this  town¬ 
ship  is  the  least  satisfactory  of  all.  After  a  search  extending,  at 
various  times,  over  many  years,  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any 
list  of  grantees,  and  after  long  study  and  research  present  this 
list  of  original  claimants  with  such  additional  facts  and  hints  as 
I  can  glean  from  various  sources.  From  the  old  Proprietors’ 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  6. 


435 


Record-Book,  in  Templeton,  I  copied  the  earliest  list  of  those 
who  drew  lots  on  June  24th,  1735.  No  residence  is  mentioned  in 
connection  with  the  names,  and  only  in  a  few  instances  is  any 
reference  made  to  the  grantees.  From  the  partial  list  in  the 
State  Archives  I  gather  the  grantees  living  in  Concord  and 
Billerica.  Those  items  which  follow  the  star,  (*)  are  references 
to  this  volume.  It  is  to  be  plainly  understood  that  these  are  only 
hints ,  and  by  no  means  identifications  of  grantees.  Many  of  the 
company  of  Captain  Davenport  were  from  the  towns  represented 
in  this  grant.  These  references  may  help  the  student  in  over¬ 
coming  some  of  the  defects  of  this  list. 

LIST  OF  PROPRIETORS  OF  NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP  NO.  6. 

June  24  1735.  Those  that  drawed  their  lots  in  the  Narraganset 
Township  No.  6. 


No.  of  Lot 

Claimant. 

49. 

Samuel  Chandler 

• 

52. 

Samuel  Chandler 

• 

19. 

Benjamin  Temple  . 

• 

88. 

Zechariah  Symmes. 

9  and  96. 

Simon  Davis. 

39. 

Jonathan  Buttrick  . 

• 

8. 

Ephraim  Brown  . 

• 

104. 

Elnathan  Jones  .  . 

• 

14. 

Samuel  Miles. 

26. 

John  Wood. 

17. 

Jonathan  Whitcom. 

80. 

Joseph  Buckley  .  . 

• 

18. 

George  Farrar  (Farrow) 

38. 

Deacon  Sam1.  Stone 

• 

118. 

Daniel  Adams  .  . 

• 

82. 

David  Whitney. 

111. 

Daniel  Billing  .  . 

• 

94.  E. 

Joseph  Wheat  .  . 

• 

117. 

Abraham  Taylor. 

7. 

Samuel  Hartwell 

• 

120. 

David  Wheeler  . 

• 

79. 

Thomas  Ball. 

84. 

Moses  Whitney  . 

• 

69. 

Ebenezer  Wheeler  . 

• 

62. 

Henry  Baldwin  . 

• 

94.  W. 

Eleazer  Flagg  .  . 

• 

77. 

Nathaniel  Kendall  . 

• 

35. 

Zechariah  Flagg .  . 

• 

96.  W. 

Samuel  Wilson  .  . 

• 

30. 

John  Wyman  .  . 

• 

95.  W. 

Eben  Parker  .  .  . 

• 

Grantees  and  references. 

For  his  father  Joseph  Buss  [sic]. 
Assine  to  John  Taley. 

In  the  right  of  his  father  Abraham. 

For  heirs  of  Samuel  Buttrick. 

For  his  father  Thomas  Brown. 
Assine  to  Jonathan  Looker. 


For  his  father  Peter  Buckley. 
Heir  to  Samuel  How. 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co. 

For  his  father-in-law,  Daniel 
Dean. 

For  his  father  Nathaniel. 

For  Moses  Wheat. 

For  his  father  Samuel. 

Assine  to  Samuel  Greeland. 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co. 

For  his  father  John. 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (John). 

For  his  father  Eleazer. 

*Capt.  Oliver’s  Co.  (John). 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Michael). 
*Capt.  Johnson’s  Co.  (Nath1.). 
*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  (son  of  John, 
killed  at  Narraganset). 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Thomas 
and  John) . 


436 


king  Philip’s  war. 


No.  of  Lot. 

103. 

112. 

85. 


Claimant.  Grantees  and  references. 

John  Cnttler  ....  *Capt.  Davenport’s  Co. 
Sam1.Hincher(Henshaw)*Lieut.  Oakes  Co.  (Thomas). 


Jacob  Wright 


23.  Nathan  Brooks  . 

28.  Joshua  Richardson 
100.  David  Roberts  . 
113.  Edward  Win .  . 

89.  Jonathan  Wyman 


42. 

116. 

121. 

123. 

-^68. 

74. 
15. 
29. 

3. 

25. 
32. 
63. 
86. 
54. 
34. 
95.  E. 
33.  37. 
67.  101. 

70. 

114. 

53. 

10. 

73. 

98. 

75. 
87. 

122. 
109.  108. 
11.  41. 
110. 
6. 
50. 
66. 
44. 
48. 
13.  4. 


“For  Earns,”  *Capt.  Prentice’s 
Co.  (John  Earns). 

“  For  Snow,”  *Capt.  Davenport, 
(Zach.  Snow). 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  (Nath1). 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (William). 

*Capt.  Brattle’s  Co.  (Increase 
Winne) . 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  (Lieut. 
John)  son. 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Peter). 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Caleb). 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  (Francis) 
son? 

*Major  Appleton’s  Co.  (Elias). 

For  his  father  John,  alive. 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co. 

*Maj.  Willard’s  Co.  (Matthias  of 
Groton) . 

For  his  brother  Joseph. 


Eleazer  Bateman 
James  Simonds  . 

Benjamin  Wyman  . 

Elisha  Tattingham  . 

Jonas  Houghton. 

Benjamin  Shedd . 

Simon  Stone. 

William  Shattuck  . 

Jonathan  Farnsworth 

John  Wheeler  . 

Joseph  Wood. 

Thomas  Tarble. 

Samuel  Hunt,  alive. 

Jonathan  Lawrence 
Zechariah  Lawrence. 

John  Muzzey. 

Col.  Benjamin  Prescott  *Capt.  Mosely’s  Co.  (John  Pres¬ 
cott)  . 

.  *Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Daniel). 
.  Probably  of  Woburn. 

.  Probably  son  of  Patrick  of  Biller¬ 
ica. 


*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co. 


Daniel  Woodward 
Gershom  Flagg  . 
Joseph  Fasset 


William  Wheeler. 
Dr.  John  Longley. 
Benjamin  Whitney. 
Thomas  Amsden 
Thomas  Amsden 
Daniel  White 
Thomas  Hapgood  . 
Daniel  Gates .  .  . 

Henry  Bartlett  .  . 

Nathaniel  Trask 
John  Earns 
Henry  Earns. 

James  Pattison  . 
Moses  Burdue. 
Thomas  Baldwin  . 


For  Isaac. 

For  Jacob. 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (John). 
For  Waight. 

For  Wheeler. 

*Capt.  Johnson’s  Co.  (Henry). 
*Capt.  Gardiner’s  Co.  (John). 
*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  (John). 

For  his  father  James. 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (John). 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  6. 


437 


No.  of  Lot.  Claimant. 


106. 

John  Needham  . 

47. 

Jonathan  Simonds  .  . 

119. 

John  Provinder  . 

24. 

Samuel  Sheldon 

91. 

Josiah  Hobbs  .  .  . 

99. 

Capt.  James  Jones 

60. 

Capt.  Jonathan  Bowers. 

43. 

John  Adams  .... 

12. 

Capt.  Benjamin  Thom¬ 
son  . 

58. 

Benjamin  Gery  . 

115. 

Ebenezer  Fisk  . 

55. 

John  Whitcomb,  Esq. 

51. 

Thankful  Reed  . 

90. 

Caleb  Sawyer  .  .  . 

1. 

Hezekiah  Hapgood. 

78. 

Robert  Cummings. 

40. 

Samuel  Warren  .  .  . 

2. 

Benjamin  Atherton. 

20. 

John  Priest  .  .  .  . 

97. 

Edward  Phelps  . 

45. 

61. 

Jacob  Houghton. 

Benjamin  Smith  . 

96. 

Joseph  Wheelock. 

65. 

John  Tyler  .  .  .  . 

56. 

Timothy  Spalding. 

21. 

Ephraim  Temple. 

16. 

Timothy  Townsend 

57. 

John  Swan  .... 

27. 

Joseph  Hosly. 

31. 

Edward  Wilson  . 

5.  93. 

John  Overing,  Esq. 

22. 

Robert  Robbins  .  .  . 

105. 

Isaac  Earned 

59. 

John  Cummings. 

102. 

John  Barrett  .  .  .  . 

46. 

First  Ministry,  92,  Min¬ 
istry,  36  School  Lot. 

Grantees  and  references. 

For  his  father  John. 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Caleb). 
Drawn  by  Benia.  Muzzey,  *Capt. 

Mosely’s  Co. 

For  bis  father  John. 

*Capt.  Syll’s  Co. 

*Major  Appleton’s  Co.  (Morgan 
Jones) . 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  (John). 

For  his  father  Joseph. 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  (Thomas). 
For  James  Houghton. 

By  Nehemiah  Abbot. 

Probably  for  brother  Ephraim. 


*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Daniel). 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (John). 
*Capt.  Gardiner’s  Co.  (Samuel). 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (James, 
Joseph,  Jona.). 

For  Jacob  Wright,  *Capt.  Pren¬ 
tice’s  Co.  (Joseph). 


For  Paddleford,  *Capt.  Syll’s  Co. 
(Zechariah) . 

*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Samuel). 

*Capt.  Bocklebank’s  Co.  (John). 
For  John  Bush  &  John  Wood. 
*Major  Appleton’s  Co.  (John). 
*Capt.  Davenport’s  Co.  (Isaac). 

*Capt.  Prentice’s  Co. 


Additional  names  from  the  partial  list  in  the  Mass.  Archives, 
vol.  114,  pp.  103-110.  A  part  of  the  names  of  Concord  men  I 
have  incorporated  in  the  references  above.  The  towns  of  Biller¬ 
ica  and  Concord  only,  of  the  “  No.  6  Towns,”  appear  in  this 
fragmentary  list.  I  add  the  names  not  already  given  above. 


438 


king  philip’s  wak. 


concord. 

Claimant.  Grantee. 

Samuel  Chandler . Assign  to  John  Griggs. 

Samuel  Chandler,  Jr . Assign  to  John  Kene. 

Jonathan  Whitney,  alive. 

Jane  Cane . For  her  father  John  Cane. 

William  Clark . Heir  to  John  Taylor. 

James  Russel . For  his  grandfather  Benjamin. 


BILLERICA. 

John  Stem . Heirs  *  Capt.  Prentice’s  Co.  p.  82. 

Nathaniel  Rogers,  alive. 

Samuel  Hunt,  alive. 


NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP  NO.  7,  NOW  GORHAM,  ME. 

This  township  was  assigned  by  lot,  at  the  memorable  meeting 
at  Lnke  Yerdey’s,  October  17,  1733,  to  grantees  resident  in  the 
towns  of  Barnstable,  Yarmouth,  Eastham,  Sandwich,  Plymouth, 
Tisbury,  Abington,  Duxbury,  and  “  one  of  Scituate.”  The  com¬ 
mittee  chosen  to  manage  the  affairs  of  this  township  were  Col. 
Shubael  Gorham,  Mr.  Timothy  White,  and  Mr.  Robert  Standford. 
The  township  was  located  to  the  eastward  of  No.  1,  and  adjoining 
Falmouth  and  Presumpscot  River. 

The  list  below  is  copied  directly  from  the  old  Proprietors’ 
Record  Book.  There  are  two  lists,  almost  identical,  with  the 
exception  that  one  contains  the  residences  and  number  of  lots 
drawn  to  each  name ;  the  other  contains  a  few  additional  facts 
serving  to  identify  some  of  the  claimants.  The  lists  purport  to 
be  lists  of  grantees,  but  for  a  long  time  I  have  questioned  this,  and 
feared  it  was  simply  the  claimants  or  proprietors,  and  find  still 
some  perplexing  questions.  For  instance,  “  Mary  Douener  ”  or 
(Dovenour).  How  could  she  be  a  grantee?  But,  on  the  other 
hand,  all  the  tests  from  other  sources,  which  I  have  been  able  to 
apply,  support  the  theory  that  these  were  the  names  of  the  “  sol¬ 
dier  grantees.”  The  “partial  list,”  in  the  Archives,  often  referred 
to  above,  contains  the  names  of  the  grantees  resident  in  Yarmouth, 
and  simply  gives  the  names  of  the  soldier-grantees,  followed  by 
the  word  “  Heirs ;  ”  and  in  every  case  these  names  agree  with  the 
list  I  copy  here.  I  have  included  here  the  additional  facts  from 
the  second  list ;  for  instance,  “  Thomas  Standish,  for  his  uncle, 
Henry  Clark,”  which  may  be  of  help  to  students  of  genealogy. 
The  starred  items  are  the  additions  from  the  second  list. 


NARRAGANSET  NO.  7. 


439 


A  list  of  the  Narragansitt  Grantees  for  the  Township,  No.  7  — Bos¬ 
ton,  June  6,  1733. 


BARNSTABLE. 


Mary  Douener  . 

38 

Jacob  Hinkley  .  . 

122 

John  Carmon  .  . 

22 

George  Lewis  .  . 

14 

John  Hathway  .  . 

40 

Joseph  Higgin  .  . 

86 

Samuel  Bryant  . 

54 

Richard  Ellingham  . 

21 

Samuel  Childs  .  . 

118 

Samuel  Barnam 

13 

Sam11  Linnell  .  . 

89 

Dr  Mathw.  Fuller 

69 

Samuel  Fuller 

20 

Thoe.  Fuller  .  .  . 

25 

Increase  Clap  .  . 

16 

Joseph  Taylor  .  . 

72 

John  Doncan  .  . 

15 

Barthow.  Hamblin  . 

88 

Eleazr.  Hamblin 

42 

Tho9.  Huckins  .  . 

141 

John  Phinney  .  . 

87 

Joseph  Bearse  .  . 

81 

Sam11  Hinkley 

80 

Sam11  Allyn  .  .  . 

70 

Sam11  Davis  .  .  . 

98 

John  Lewis  heirs 

1 

Caleb  Lumbert  .  . 

19 

Joseph  Gorham  .  . 

64 

Josiah  Davis  .  . 

23 

Ebenr  Goodspeed 

85 

Ebenr  Clap 

100 

Lot  Conant  .  .  . 

33 

Jedediah  Lumbert  . 

47 

Samuel  Cops 

97 

Joseph  Blish  .  . 

27 

John  Howland  . 

111 

John  Clarke  .  .  . 

115 

*Shubal  Gorham,  Jr.,  ) 

£Q 

for  his  father  John  j 

Do 

Joseph  Crocker 

114 

John  Goodspeed 

112 

YARMOUTH. 

*Samuel  Barker 

1 

HA 

for  his  father  Samuel 

i 

e 

Richard  Tayler  . 

• 

• 

120 

William  Gray 

l 

71 

for  his  father  William 

J 

• 

1  JL 

William  Chase  .  .  . 

113 

Capt.  Jn°.  Gorham 

96 

Tho9.  Baxter  .... 

84 

John  Thatcher  .  .  . 

31 

John  Hallitt  .... 

93 

John  Matthews  .  .  . 

55 

Tho9.  Thornton  .  .  . 

3 

Edward  Gray  .  .  . 

4 

Sam11.  Hall  .... 

5 

James  Maker  .  .  . 

6 

Ja9.  Claghorn  .  .  . 

7 

Joseph  Hall  .... 

119 

Lammy  Hedge  .  .  . 

83 

Nathaniel  Hall  .  .  . 

8 

Joseph  Welden  .  .  . 

30 

Samuel  Thomas  .  .  . 

34 

Jon.  Smith  .... 

17 

Samuel  Jones  .  .  . 

9 

John  Taylor  .... 

18 

Tho9.  Felton  .... 

10 

John  Gage  .... 

52 

William  Follen  .  .  . 

12 

William  Gage  .  .  . 

49 

Annanias  Wing  .  .  . 

110 

John  Crowell .... 

75 

John  Chase  .... 

108 

Henry  Gold  .... 

60 

Richard  Lake  .  .  . 

102 

Jabez  Gorham  .  .  . 

109 

Henry  Gage  .... 

50 

Yelverton  Crowell  .  . 

62 

John  Pugsley  .  .  . 

106 

Daniel  Baker  .... 

107 

Jona.  White  .... 

78 

Sam11.  Baker  .... 

79 

Wm.  Baker  .... 

43 

EASTHAM. 

*Timothy  Cole 

\ 

41 

for  his  father  Timothy 

r 

*  Jeremiah  Smith 

91 

for  his  father  Jeremiah 

• . 

*Jona.  Grew 

i 

for  his  father-in-law. 

y . 

59 

Daniel  Cole. 

*Joseph  &  Sam11.  Doan 

for  their  father  Samuel 

36 

Berry 

) 

440 


KING  PHILIP’S  WAR. 


Tho9.  Paine  .  .  . 

94 

Jas.  Atkins . 

61 

Jedediah  Higgins  . 

65 

Jehosophat  Eldridge  .  . 

35 

Eliakim  Higgins  .  . 

Joseph  Downings  . 

11 

104 

PLIMOUTH. 

46 

28 

Benj.  Downings  .  . 

John  Freeman  .  . 

103 

34 

Wm.  Ring . 

Peter  Tinkham  } 

Jona.  SpaiTOW  .  . 

92 

for  his  father  Peter  j 

John  Knowles  .  . 

73 

*Thoa.  Savery  j 

26 

Samuel  Atkins  .  . 

67 

for  his  father  Samuel ) 

John  Doan 

51 

Tho8.  Mulford  .  . 

90 

TISBURY. 

Daniel  Doan  .  .  . 

29 

Jona.  Lumbert  .... 

117 

Jn°.  Walker  .  .  . 

53 

Jn°.  Nyrick  . 

82 

ABBINGTON. 

Nathu.  Williams  . 

58 

William  Harrage 

66 

Josiah  Cook  . 

76 

Joseph  Harding  .  . 

39 

DUXBURY. 

*  George  Brown 

j 

44 

Robert  Barker  .... 

101 

for  his  father  George 

i 

*  Robert  Sandfort  ) 

95 

SANDWICH. 

for  his  father  Robert  j 

*Jona.  Morrey 

for  his  wife’s  brother 

4 

Tho8.  Bonney  .... 

32 

[ 

• 

68 

Stephen  Sampson  .  .  . 

97 

Foster 

) 

*Tho8.  Hunt 

-  77 

*Samt.  Tobv 

[•  48 

for  his  uncle  Thomas  Hunt 

for  his  uncle  Sam11.  Knott 

*Tho8.  Standish 

- 105 

*Nath'.  Wing  ] 

45 

for  his  uncle  Henry  Clark 

for  his  father  Nath1  J 

• 

Sam11.  Gibbs  . 

• 

• 

37 

SCITUATE. 

Jn°.  Lewis 

1 

56 

*Timothy  White  \ 

116 

for  his  brother  Benj. 

j 

• 

for  his  father  Timothy  ) 

There  were  many  disagreements  among  the  claimants,  and 
some  of  the  evidence  furnished  here  and  there  in  fragments  of 
depositions  relating  to  the  evidence,  found  in  the  Archives,  is 
of  great  interest.  A  memorial  of  Shubael  Goreham  to  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Court,  presented  April  17,  1741,  states  that  several  mistakes 
have  been  made  in  the  list  of  No.  7,  and  petitions  for  authority 
to  rectify  such  mistakes.  He  says  that  “  Richard  Taylor  ”  and 
“  Richard  Taylor’s  heirs  ”  appear ;  whereas,  the  latter  item  should 
have  been  “John  Taylor’s  heirs.”  And  again,  two  entries  appear 
in  the  list  ‘  William  Gray  is  entered  “  for  his  father  William ;  ” 
and  then  “William  Gray’s  heirs.”  Now,  there  were  not  two 
William  Grays,  but  there  was  an  Edward  Gray.  And  another 
entered  Joseph  Crocker,  where  it  should  have  been  Josiah 
Crocker,  etc.,  and  so  it  is  moved  that  the  mistakes  be  rectified 
and  that  John  Taylor,  Edward  Gray,  and  Josiah  Crocker  be 
placed  in  the  list.  But  in  November,  1742,  another  turn  is  given 
to  the  Crocker  story  by  the  following  interesting  deposition, 
which  I  give  in  full : 


VOLUNTOWN,  CONNECTICUT. 


441 


Ebenezer  Goodspeed  of  Barnstable,  being  in  the  eighty-seventh  year 
of  his  age,  testifieth  and  saith  that  he  being  a  soldier  in  the  Narragan- 
sett  wars  so-called,  under  Capt.  Thomas  Howes,  and  he  well  remembers 
that  Mr.  Joseph  Crocker,  Decd.  of  said  Barnstable  was  one  of  said 
Howe’s  soldiers,  and  I  think  it  was  the  year  of  the  Philip’s  war  so- 
called  begun,  and  I  also  remember  said  Crocker  was  out  that  year 
Sam1  Linnell  was  out  in  Pearces  Fight,  so  called  and  he  and  the  said 
Sam1  Linnell  was  the  only  English  man  of  Barnstable  that  returned 
home  from  that  fight,  and  he  showed  me  his  hat  where  it  was  shot 
through  after  his  return  from  said  Pearces  Fight,  and  further  I  gave 
Col.  Goreham,  Joseph  Crocker’s  name  to  return  to  the  General  Court 
some  time  ago,  and  I  never  heard  or  understood  that  Josiah  Crocker 
of  Barnstable  was  ever  out  in  the  said  wars,  and  he  was  my  neighbor 
and  I  should  have  known,  if  he  had  been  out. 

Ebenezer  Goodspeed. 

Ebenr  Goodspeed  made  oath  etc.  Nov.  13,  1742. 

Jonathan  Crocker  testifieth  to  the  same  above  as  to  Joseph  Crocker 
and  Sam1  Linnel,  and  also  as  to  Josiah  Crocker,  Dec.  4,  1742.  (York 
Registry  of  Deeds,  v.  23,  p.  105.) 

It  will  be  noted  that  Joseph  Crocker’s  name  stands  in  the  list, 
as  well  as  Gray’s  and  Taylor’s,  but  in  the  old  partial  list,  in  the 
Archives,  the  correction  is  made,  and  opposite  “  William  Gray’s,” 
is  written  “  Edward,”  while  opposite  “  Richard  Taylour’s,”  is 
written  the  name  “John.”  In  the  above  lists  I  have  made  the 
corrections  in  regard  to  Taylour  and  Gray. 


NARRAGANSET  TOWNSHIP  GRANTED  TO  CONNECTICUT 
VOLUNTEERS  IN  THE  NARRAGANSET  WAR,  NOW 
VOLUNTOWN,  CONNECTICUT. 

Connecticut  rewarded  her  Narraganset  soldiers  many  years 
before  the  final  action  of  Massachusetts  Colony. 

In  October,  1696,  Lieut.  Thomas  Leffingwell  of  Norwich,  and 
Sergt.  John  Frink  of  Stonington,  moved  the  Court  of  Connecticut, 
“  that  they,  with  the  rest  of  the  English  volunteers  in  the  former 
wars,  might  have  a  plantation  granted  unto  them.” 

The  Court,  in  answer,  then  granted  them  a  tract  six  miles 
square,  to  be  taken  up  out  of  some  of  the  conquered  land,  where 
it  might  be  had  without  prejudice  to  any  former  grant.  A  com¬ 
mittee  of  the  grantees  made  choice  of  a  tract. 

October  14,  1697,  Capt.  Samuel  Mason,  Mr.  John  Gallop  and 
Lieut.  James  Avery  were  appointed  a  committee  to  view  the 
said  tract. 

Upon  the  report  of  the  above  committee,  the  Court,  in  October, 
1700,  confirmed  their  former  grant  to  a  committee  of  seven,  viz. : 
Lieut.  Thomas  Leffingwell,  Lieut.  Richard  Bushnell,  Isaac 


442 


king  philip’s  war. 


Wheeler,  Caleb  Fobes,  Samuel  Bliss,  J oseph  Morgan  and  Manasseb 
Miner,  and  the  rest  of  the  volunteers  in  the  Narraganset  War. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  volunteers,  July  1,  1701,  Capt.  Richard 
Bushnell  was  chosen  clerk,  to  make  a  list  of  the  names  of  those 
who  were  volunteers  in  the  Narraganset  wars.  Lieut.  Thomas 
Leffingwell,  Lieut.  James  Avery,  Sergt.  John  Frink,  Richard 
Bushnell,  and  Deacon  Caleb  Fobes,  were  chosen  a  committee  to 
receive  and  decide  the  correctness  of  the  claims  presented.  On 
the  next  day  the  volunteers  voted  to  grant  to  Capt.  Samuel 
Mason  an  equal  share  with  the  others. 

From  the  old  Proprietors’  Record  Book  at  Voluntown  I  have  se¬ 
cured  two  lists  of  the  grantees  or  “  Volunteers.”  The  first  list  was 
made  in  the  order  of  the  enrolment  of  the  names,  and  was  copied 
for  Hon.  Richard  A.  Wheeler,  of  Stonington,  in  1860,  by  Elisha 
Potter,  then  Town  Clerk  of  Voluntown,  and  published  by  him 
some  years  ago,  in  the  Narragansett  Historical  Register.  The  other 
list  is  that  of  the  “Cedar  Swamp  Lots,”  so  called.  This  list 
was  copied  for  me  by  the  Town  Clerk,  Mr.  Charles  E.  Maine,  of 
Voluntown,  and  I  am  assured  that  it  is  correct.  I  have  compared 
these  lists,  and  while  there  are  some  few  discrepancies  in  the 
spelling,  and  some  names  in  each  list  not  in  the  other,  the  lists 
are  otherwise  identical.  For  the  convenience  of  readers  I  have 
arranged  the  second  list  here  according  to  the  numbers  drawn  for 
Cedar  Swamp  Lots.  Mr.  Wheeler’s  list  marks  the  names  of  those 
deceased.  The  restrictions  of  the  Connecticut  grant  to  “  Eng¬ 
lish  ”  volunteers  shut  out  the  Indians,  who  formed  a  large  con¬ 
tingent  of  their  forces,  and  also  the  white  men,  who  were  pressed 
into  the  service.  In  Massachusetts,  thirty  years  later,  all  who 
had  any  hand  in  the  Narraganset  campaign,  both  from  Massa¬ 
chusetts  and  Plymouth,  whether  volunteers  or  “  impressed,” 
were  made  grantees.  Connecticut’s  volunteers,  in  1701,  were 
found  to  be  about  one  hundred  and  eighty. 

ENROLLMENT  LIST. 

A  list  of  the  Names  of  the  English  Volunteers  in  the  late  Narragan¬ 
set  War,  as  followeth: 

1  Major  Edward  Palmes. 

2  Capt  George  Denison. 

3  Lieut.  Thomas  Leffingwell. 

4  Major  Wait  Winthrop. 

5  Rev.  Mr.  James  Fitch. 

6  Sargt.  John  Frink. 

7  Capt.  James  Avery. 

8  James  Avery. 

9  John  Avery. 

10  Thomas  Avery. 

11  Joshua  Baker. 


12  John  Wickwier. 

13  Ephraim  Colver. 

14  William  Potts. 

15  Edward  Colver. 

16  Samuel  Yeomans. 

17  John  Lewis. 

18  John  Fish. 

19  Samuel  Fish. 

20  William  Williams. 

21  George  Denison. 

22  William  Denison. 


V0LUNT0WN,  CONNECTICUT. 


443 


23  Nathaniel  Beebe. 

24  Henry  Stephens. 

25  Edmond  Fanning. 

26  Thomas  Fanning. 

27  John  Bennett  (dec’d). 

28  William  Bennett. 

29  Thomas  Rose. 

30  Philip  Bill  (dec’d). 

31  Philip  Bill. 

32  Deny  Springer. 

33  Ezekiel  Mayn. 

34  William  Wheeller. 

35  Thomas  Wooster. 

36  Gershom  Palmer. 

37  Jonathan  Armstrong. 

38  Samuel  Stanton. 

39  Robert  Stanton. 

40  Daniel  Stanton. 

41  James  Morgan. 

42  John  Keene. 

43  John  Latham. 

44  John  Waterhouse. 

45  Joseph  Morgan. 

46  Nathaniel  Park. 

47  William  Douglace. 

48  Manasseth  Miner. 

49  James  Willit. 

50  Rev.  James  Noyes. 

51  Capt.  John  Stanton. 

52  Joseph  Stanton. 

53  Aaron  Stark  (dec’d). 

54  John  Stark  (dec’d). 

55  James  York  (dec’d). 

56  Thomas  Bell  (dec’d). 

57  Lieut.  Thomas  Miner. 

58  Richard  Bushnell. 

59  Samuel  Lathrop. 

60  Solomon  Tracy. 

61  John  Willey  (dec’d). 

62  Samuel  Tubbs  (dec’d) . 

63  Robert  Park. 

64  Peter  Spiser  (dec’d) . 

65  Jonathan  Rudd. 

66  Richard  Cook  (dec’d). 

67  Thomas  Park  (dec’d). 

68  Henry  Elliott  (dec’d) . 

69  Thomas  Bliss  (dec’d) . 

70  Isaac  Wheeler. 

71  Peter  Cross. 

72  Jonathan  Gennings. 

73  Caleb  Fobes. 

74  John  Gallop. 


75  Adam  Gallop. 

76  William  Gallop. 

77  Nathaniel  Cheesebro. 

78  Ephraim  Miner. 

79  Joseph  Miner. 

80  Samuel  Miner  (dec’d). 

81  John  Ashcraft  (dec’d). 

82  Joshua  Holmes  (dec’d). 

83  Capt.  Ebenezer  Johnson. 

84  Joseph  Wheeler. 

85  Sergt.  Moses  Johnson. 

86  Daniel  Tracy. 

87  Edmond  Fanning. 

88  William  Roberts. 

89  John  Denison. 

90  Mathew  Griswold. 

91  Richard  Lord. 

92  Stephen  Dewolf. 

93  Richard  Smith. 

94  John  Smith. 

95  Francis  Smith. 

96  Moses  Huntly. 

97  Henry  Bennett. 

98  Henry  Peterson. 

99  Samuel  Stephens. 

100  Henry  Hall. 

101  William  Champlin. 

102  Capt.  Pembleton. 

103  Daniel  Crumb. 

104  Nicholas  Cottrell. 

105  John  Pameter. 

106  Samuel  Roger. 

107  John  Hull. 

108  Daniel  Kelsie. 

109  John  Mintor. 

110  John  Stephens. 

111  Ebenezer  French. 

112  John  Griswold. 

113  Nehemiah  Smith. 

114  John  Wheeler. 

115  Nathaniel  Haiden  (dec’d). 

116  Joseph  Hull  (dec’d). 

117  Samuel  Sheather  (dec’d). 

118  John  Charles  (dec’d). 

119  Samuel  Frisbie  (dec’d). 

120  John  Plant  (dec’d) . 

121  Samuel  Fox. 

122  Jacob  Joy. 

123  Clement  Minor. 

124  William  Pendall. 

125  Daniel  Stubbins. 

126  John  Hough. 


444 


king  philip’s  war. 


127  Samuel  Roberts. 

128  Joshua  Abell. 

129  Thomas  Rood. 

130  William  Knights. 

131  Mathew  Jones. 

132  Thomas  Williams. 

133  Joseph  Waterhouse. 

134  Richard  Dart. 

135  Samuel  Hough. 

136  William  Hough. 

137  Abel  More. 

138  Jeremiah  Blake. 

139  John  Plumb. 

140  Thomas  Hungerford, 

141  John  Packer. 

142  Samuel  Packer. 

143  Nathaniel  Holt. 

144  Robert  Lord. 

145  John  Woller. 

146  Richard  Smith. 

147  Edward  Dewolf. 

148  Aaron  Huntly. 

149  James  Murffey. 

150  Robert  Holmes. 

151  Daniel  Comstock. 

152  George  Chappell. 

153  Thurston  Reinerd. 

154  Hugh  Rowland. 

155  John  Lathrop. 

156  James  Welch. 


157  Daniel  Clark. 

158  Edward  Shipman. 

159  Joseph  Ingarum. 

160  Joseph  Colver. 

161  William  Billings. 

162  John  Shaw. 

163  Stephen  Richeson. 

164 

165 

166  Roger  Orris. 

167  James  Danielson. 

168 

169  Ebenezer  Billings. 

170  Jonathan  Burtch. 

171  William  Johnson. 

172  Samuel  Richarson. 

173  Thomas  Brand. 

174  William  Champlin. 

175  John  Babcock. 

176  Edward  Larkin. 

177  Daniel  Shaw. 

178  Thomas  Renols. 

179  William  Lees. 

180  Rev.  Moses  Noise. 

181  John  Larabe. 

182  Joseph  Northrop. 

183  Robert  Old. 

184  Nathan  Gillet. 

185  John  Somes. 


Town  Clerk’s  Office,  Voluntown,  December  23,  1860. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  correct  extract  from  the 
Records  of  Voluntown,  except  some  of  the  spelling. 

Attest  ELISHA  POTTER, 

Town  Clerk. 


LIST  OF  VOLUNTEERS  WHO  DREW  “  CEDAR  SWAMP ”  LOTS. 


1  Edward  DeWolf. 

2  Ephraim  Culver. 

3  John  Ashcroft. 

4  Caleb  Fobes. 

5  Robert  Stanton. 

6  Samuel  Frisbee. 

7  John  Gallup. 

8  William  Potts. 

9  Ebenezer  Billings. 

10  Richard  BushneU. 

11  Philip  Bill. 


12  Sargt.  John  Frink. 

13  Capt.  Pendleton. 

14  Peter  Cross. 

15  Joshua  Abell. 

16  John  Parker. 

17  Clement  Miner. 

18  James  Welch. 

19  Manassah  Miner. 

20 

21  Daniel  Stanton. 

22  Thomas  Wooster. 


V0LUNT0WN, 

23  Richard  Lord. 

24  Samuel  Miner. 

25  Gersham  Palmer. 

26  Samuel  Rogers. 

27  Henry  Hall. 

28  Thomas  Rood. 

29  Joshua  Baker. 

30  George  Denison. 

31  Richard  Cook. 

32  Rev.  Moses  Noyes. 

33  Edmond  Fanning. 

34  John  Waller. 

35  Jonathan  Jennings. 

36  John  Stark. 

37  Joseph  Hull. 

38  Edmond  Fanning. 

39  Robert  Old. 

40  Benaiah  Bushnel. 

41  Samuel  Lathrop. 

42  Joseph  Wheeler. 

43  John  Shaw. 

44  John  Kinne. 

45  Samuel  Roberts. 

46  Nicholas  Cotteral. 

47  Ezekiel  Maine. 

48  Edward  Colver. 

49  John  Lathrop. 

50  Aaron  Huntley. 

51  Samuel  Richards. 

52  John  Hough. 

53  John  Fanning. 

54  Samuel  Stephens. 

55  Samuel  Parker. 

56  William  Knight. 

57  William  Potts. 

58  John  Palme  tor. 

59  John  Plant. 

60  Rev.  James  Fitch. 

61  John  Griswold. 

62  Capt.  Geo.  Denison. 

63 

64  Thomas  Williams. 

65  Robert  Holmes. 

66  John  Minton. 

67  Samuel  Fox. 

68  Maj.  Wait  Winthrop. 

69  Nathaniel  Holt. 

70  Mathew  Jones. 

71  Jacob  Joy. 

72  Aaron  Stark. 

73  John  Lewis. 

74  Thomas  Ross. 


CONNECTICUT.  445 

75  John  Stephens. 

76  John  Avery. 

77  Samuel  Shother. 

78  Samuel  Yeomans. 

79  Ephraim  Miner. 

80  George  Chappie. 

81  Daniel  Tracy. 

82  William  Roberts. 

83  Solomon  Tracy. 

84  Thomas  Bliss. 

85  Samuel  Tubs. 

86  Nathaniel  Cheesebro. 

87  Richard  Smith. 

go  j  Capt.  Ebenezer  Johnson. 

(  Sargt.  Moses  Johnson. 

89  Thomas  Reynolds. 

90  Rev.  James  Noyes. 

91  Thomas  Park. 

92  Matthew  Griswold. 

93  Francis  Smith. 

94  Henry  Paterson. 

95  Nathan  Gillit. 

96  John  Wickwire. 

97  Joseph  Ingraham. 

98  Jeremiah  Blage  (Black). 

99  Nehemiah  Smith. 

100  Robert  Park. 

101  Daniel  Clark. 

102  Richard  Smith,  Sen. 

103  Henry  Elliot. 

104  John  Waterhouse. 

105  Roger  Orris. 

106  William  Billings. 

107  Daniel  Kelsey. 

108  Peter  Spicer. 

109  John  Latham. 

110  Jonathan  Armstrong. 

111  Daniel  Crumb. 

112 

113  William  Bennett. 

114  William  Douglass. 

115  William  Wheeler. 

116  Demsy  Springer. 

117  Henry  Stephens. 

118  Nathaniel  Haiden. 

119  Moses  Huntley. 

120  Philip  Bill. 

121  James  Danielson. 

122  Richard  Dart. 

123  Ebenezer  French. 

124  William  Lee  (Lees). 

125  Daniel  Shaw. 


446  king  Philip’s  war. 


126  Joshua  Holmes. 

127  John  Wheeler. 

128  Samuel  Stanton. 

129  James  Murphy. 

130  Joseph  Morgan. 

131 

132  William  Williams. 

133 

134 

135  Stephen  Dewolf. 

136  Joseph  Northrop. 

137  Hugh  Rowland. 

138  Daniel  Comstock. 

139  Thomas  Fanning. 

140  Joseph  Stanton. 

141  Jonathan  Rudd. 

142  John  Willey. 

143  William  Gallup. 

144  Robert  Lord. 

145  Lieut.  Thomas  Leffingwell 

146  Maj.  Edward  Palmer. 

147  Edward  Shipman. 

148  Isaac  Wheeler. 

149  John  Charles. 

150  Abel  Moir. 

151  William  Johnson. 

152  John  Plumb. 

153  John  Hull. 

154  Thomas  Avery. 


155  Edward  Larkin. 

156  Nathaniel  Park. 

157  Thurston  Rainard. 

158  Capt.  James  Avery. 

159  John  Fish. 

160  Samuel  Fish. 

161  Adam  Gallup. 

162  John  Lummis. 

163  Thomas  Hungerford. 

164  Daniel  Stubbins. 

165  Lieut.  Thomas  Miner 

166  Nathaniel  Beebe. 

167  Capt.  John  Stanton. 

168  James  Morgan. 

169  James  York. 

170  Joseph  Miner. 

171  William  Denison. 

172  Stephen  Richardson. 

173  John  Denison. 

174  Joseph  Culver. 

175  Samuel  Hough. 

176  Moses  Bennett. 

177  John  Smith. 

178  James  Avery. 

179  Joseph  Waterhouse. 

180  James  Willet. 

181  John  Bennett. 

182  Thomas  Bill. 


The  names  in  Mr.  Wheeler's  List ,  not  found  in  the  Cedar  Swamp 
List : 


William  Hough. 
Jonathan  Burtch. 
John  Somes. 


John  Babcock. 
Thomas  Brand. 
John  Larabe. 


These  last  names  were  enrolled  after  the  Cedar  Swamp  lots 
were  drawn,  and  probably  were  assigned  to  the  blank  numbers. 


LATER  CREDITS  FOR  MILITARY  SERVICE. 


447 


LATER  CREDITS  FOR  MILITARY  SERVICE. 

FROM  JOHN  HULL’S  LEDGER. 


The  following  names  are  gleaned  from  later  Ledger  Accounts 
of  Treasurer  John  Hull.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  credits  of  the 
Journal,  heretofore  given,  close  with  the  date  September  23, 
1676.  The  war  continued  for  some  time  longer,  and  many 
whose  names  are  already  given  did  not  there  receive  credit  for 
their  later  service  in  the  Journal  accounts.  Now  the  old  Ledger 
helps  out  in  these  accounts,  but  also  shows  the  new  men  engaged 
in  the  service ;  and  I  here  add  only  the  new  names  in  general. 
This  fortunate  “  overlapping  ”  of  the  Ledger  accounts  occurs  in 
the  following  way:  In  posting  his  Journal  accounts,  at  first, 
Mr.  Hull  divided  the  Ledger  pages  for  four  accounts  on  each 
page.  When  he  had  filled  the  Ledger  through  the  first  time,  he 
turned  back,  and  used  the  spaces  unused  or  unlikely  to  be  used ; 
and  on  most  pages  this  gave  four  or  five  new  accounts.  It  was 
in  the  last  of  these  new  accounts  (and  I  judge  that  the  process 
was  repeated  twice)  that  the  items  below  are  found.  Of  course 
the  names  are  not  assigned  to  any  particular  officer  or  service, 
but  in  many  cases  certain  towns  are  mentioned  through  whose 
officers  the  soldiers  received  payment.  This  mention  does  not 
prove  residence,  but  may  serve  in  some  cases  to  identify  the 
names  when  taken  with  other  facts.  The  list  shows  the  names 
of  those  who  served  in  the  later  months  of  1676,  and  probably 
some  who  had  not  received  credit  for  earlier  services.  The 
arrangement  under  towns,  etc.,  is  of  course,  my  own. 


AMES  BURY  • 


BILLERICA. 


December  24,  1676. 

John  Weed  01  04  00 


November  24,  1676. 
Thomas  Richardson  01  01  04 


ANDOVER. 

February  24,  1676-7. 

John  Osgood  01  04  00 


February  24,  1676-7. 
William  Chamberlain  01  01  04 


BEVERLY. 


BRAINTREE. 


November  24,  1676. 

Lott  Conant  01  13  04 

William  Ferryman  02  14  00 

January  24,  1676-7. 

Ralph  Ellin  wood  01  10  00 


October  24,  1676. 


Michael  Smith 
Solomon  Veysey 
Thomas  Bass 
Thomas  Holbrook 
George  Bagley 


00  09  00 
00  09  00 
00  06  04 
02  08  00 
05  04  06 


448 


king  philip’s  war. 


CAMBRIDGE. 


November  24,  1676. 


John  Spring 

01 

00 

Jonathan  Dunster 

01 

01 

Daniel  Sterling 

02 

07 

Allin  Mego 

02 

03 

December 

24. 

Joseph  Beach 

00 

17 

Ephraim  Frost 

00 

12 

John  Adams 

00 

04 

James  Steabridg 

00 

07 

Ebenezer  Wiswell 

00 

04 

John  Ward 

00 

03 

Abraham  Jackson 

00 

03 

Noale  Wiswell 

00 

03 

- Green 

00 

03 

William  Willis 

00 

03 

Thomas  Hydes 

02 

14 

Joseph  Bush 

02 

10 

January  24, 

1676-7. 

Jacob  Amsden 

01 

01 

Daniel  Stone 

01 

01 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

John  Amsden 

02 

02 

Jeremiah  Fuller 

01 

01 

John  Coller 

03 

09 

CHARLESTOWN. 

November  24,  1676. 


Stephen  Brown 

04 

10 

James  Miller 

03 

09 

Thomas  Batherwick 

01 

01 

Lawrence  Waters 

05 

16 

James  Lowden 

00 

10 

January  24, 

1676-7. 

John  Codman 

00 

05 

John  Simson 

00 

02 

John  Ellett 

06 

18 

Moses  Parker 

02 

07 

Timothy  Brookes 

06 

04 

Samuel  Boswell 

07 

06 

Elnathan  Dunklin 

03 

13 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

Samuel  Carter 

00 

06 

CHELMSFORD. 


November  24, 

1676. 

James  Harwood 

04  11  00 

January  24, 

1676. 

Cornelius  Waldoe 

00  19  00 

Joseph  Hildrick 

01  01  04 

CONCORD 

• 

November  24, 

1676. 

William  Jones 

02  02  00 

December  24, 

1676. 

Samuel  Cowdry 

01  04  00 

January  24,  1676-7. 

Humphry  Barrett 

07  12  10 

William  Hartwell 

01  05  02 

DEDHAM. 

November  24, 

1676. 

Andrew  Dewen 

00  15  00 

John  Coleborne 

00  15  00 

James  Heering 

00  15  00 

Samuel  Fuller 

00  04  04 

John  Fairbank 

00  04  04 

Thomas  Herring 

00  04  04 

James  Macanab 

00  04  04 

William  Mekeynis 

00  04  04 

Samuel  Sheers 

00  04  04 

Thomas  Aldridg 

00  04  04 

Samuel  Rice 

01  11  08 

January  24,  1676-7. 

Joseph  Skelteane 

00  15  04 

DORCHESTER. 

October  24, 

1676. 

Ebenezer  Clapp 

00  09  00 

James  Tucker 

00  09  00 

Benjamin  Leeds 

01  02  06 

December  24,  1676. 
Elhanan  Lyon  00  10  02 

January  24,  1676-7. 

Philip  Demorell  02  14  00 


06 

05 

00 

06 

00 

00 

00 

00 

06 

03 

03 

03 

03 

03 

00 

08 

04 

04 

10 

04 

00 

00 

08 

00 

06 

00 

00 

06 

06 

00 

04 

00 

06 

10 


LATER  CREDITS 

EXETER. 


October  24,  1676. 


Philip  Cartey 

01 

04 

John  Bean 

09 

04 

Nicholas  Norriss 

00 

12 

Jonathan  Robinson 

00 

03 

Jonathan  Thwing 

00 

09 

Nathaniel  Right 

00 

05 

Eliezer  Elkins 

00 

11 

Robert  Wadly 

00 

07 

Christian  Dolhof 

00 

03 

John  Young 

00 

08 

Kinsley  Hall 

00 

08 

Mathew  Mitchell 

00 

06 

James  Perkins 

01 

07 

Moses  Levett 

01 

06 

Bily  Dudly 

01 

00 

Robert  Smart 

00 

06 

John  Wedge  wood 

00 

03 

John  Foalsam 

00 

03 

John  Gilman,  Jr. 
William  Houldrige 

00 

12 

00 

02 

Daniel  Gilman 

01 

09 

Henry  Magoon 

00 

01 

Samuel  Foulsam 

00 

01 

William  Moor 

01 

12 

Henry  Sparkes 

00 

05 

Thomas  Rawlins 

00 

03 

Samuel  Levett 

00 

06 

John  Barber 

00 

14 

John  Gilman 

05 

15 

Moses  Gilman 

01 

01 

Peter  Folsam 

00 

18 

David  Robertson 

00 

01 

George  Stimson 

03 

18 

Jacob  Wheeler 

15 

00 

GLOUCESTER. 

December  24,  1676. 
Joseph  Clark  04  04 

January  24,  1676-7. 
Vincent  Davis  02  14 

HAMPTON. 

December  24,  1676. 

John  Philbrick  02  14 

John  Huggin  02  14 

John  Bray  00  18 


MILITARY  SERVICE.  449 


February  24, 

1676-7 

Joseph  Merry 

02 

14 

00 

Nehemiah  Hobbs 

00 

12 

00 

Jacob  Brown 

01 

04 

00 

Samuel  Fogg 

01 

04 

00 

James  Marston 

01 

10 

00 

Nathaniel  Boulter 

01 

10 

00 

William  Marston 

01 

14 

06 

Henry  Moulton 

02 

14 

04 

John  Huckins 

02 

10 

06 

John  Brown 

03 

13 

13 

HINGHAM. 

December  24,  1676-7. 
William  Woodcock  00  13  00 

January  24,  1676-7. 

Simon  Gross  01  12  06 

IPSWICH. 

November  24,  1676. 


John  Edwards 

01 

10 

06 

Josiah  Briggs 

01 

16 

00 

Jonathan  Lummas 

01 

10 

00 

December  24, 

,  1676. 

Richard  Lewis 

10 

11 

06 

Thomas  Bray 

04 

04 

00 

William  Quarles 

01 

00 

00 

Jeremiah  Jewett 

01 

05 

08 

Samuel  Hunt 

08 

04 

00 

January  24,  1676-7. 

William  Story 

02 

10 

00 

John  Gilbert 

03 

17 

10 

Abraham  Knowlton 

02 

14 

00 

Andrew  Peters 

02 

14 

00 

Christopher  Bolls 

01 

05 

08 

Nathaniel  Emerson 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Lampson 

00 

18 

00 

Thomas  Jaques 

01 

12 

10 

Andrew  Burley 

01 

05 

08 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

John  Lambert 

02 

11 

00 

John  Pingry 

01 

04 

00 

Aaron  Pingry 

03 

06 

06 

Nathaniel  Lord 

03 

06 

06 

Job  Bishop 

02 

03 

06 

FOR 

00 

00 

10 

04 

04 

00 

00 

00 

04 

06 

06 

10 

04 

06 

06 

03 

04 

04 

09 

06 

00 

08 

08 

06 

00 

04 

10 

06 

06 

04 

10 

08 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

10 


450 


king  philip’s  war. 


LYNN. 

November  24,  1676. 


Aquilla  Ramsdell 

01 

10 

00 

December  24 

,  1676. 

John  Edmonds 

00 

11 

05 

Samuel  Johnson 

00 

11 

05 

Nathaniel  Cartland 

00 

13 

08 

Thomas  Farrar 

00 

11 

05 

John  Witt 

00 

17 

00 

January  24, 

1676-7. 

George  Bagwell 

01 

10 

00 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

Daniel  Gott 

02 

01 

00 

William  Barber 

02 

08 

00 

John  Haven 

03 

07 

06 

Robert  Potter 

02 

01 

00 

MALDEN. 

January  24,  1676-7. 
Thomas  May  02  02  00 

February  24,  1676-7. 
Thomas  Dickerman  01  01  04 
Edward  Despaw  02  04  06 

MARBLEHEAD. 

November  24,  1676. 

Griffin  Harris  02  16  00 

Thomas  Beaues  04  04  00 

December  24,  1676. 

Edward  Creeke  11  09  00 

February  24,  1676-7. 
Richard  Pearse  03  08  00 

John  Cleves  05  09  06 

.  MARLBOROUGH. 

December  24,  1676. 

James  Vales  01  11  00 

MEDFIELD. 

December  24,  1676. 
Nathaniel  Allen  00  11  08 


MEDFORD. 


November  24 

,  1676. 

James  Stoakes 

02 

14 

00 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

Thomas  Philybrown 

01 

01 

04 

MILTON. 

October  24, 

1676. 

Blaze  Sleth 

00 

04 

00 

William  Dennison 

00 

09 

00 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

Daniel  Dike 

07 

00 

06 

NEWBURY. 

November  24 

,  1676. 

Samuel  Lowell 

03 

00 

00 

George  Moyer 

02 

14 

00 

Moses  Little 

01 

10 

10 

John  Mitchell 

01 

10 

10 

Thomas  Silver 

01 

10 

10 

Joshua  Richardson 

01 

00 

00 

Timothy  Noyce 

01 

04 

00 

Peter  Uter 

01 

04 

00 

Jeremiah  Davis 

01 

04 

00 

Joseph  Little 

01 

18 

00 

Joseph  Poore 

01 

04 

00 

Robert  Cham 

04 

04 

00 

Henry  Lucus 

04  04 

00 

December  24, 

,  1676. 

John  Wheeler 

04 

04 

00 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

Matthew  LaGreve 

08 

07 

00 

QUABAUG. 

February  24,  1676-7. 
Thomas  Carter  03  18  00 


READING. 

November  24,  1676. 

James  Nickards  04  00 

January  24,  1676-7. 

John  Dix  01  02  02 


LATER  CREDITS 

ROWLEY. 

October  24,  1676. 
Zechariah  Curtis  00  06 

February  24,  1676-7. 
Thomas  Lambert  01  05 

ROXBURY. 

November  24,  1676. 
James  Leavens  00  12 

December  24,  1676. 
Abraham  Newell  00  00 

January  24,  1676-7. 
Samuel  Peirson  02  14 

RUMNEYMARSH. 

January  24,  1676-7. 
Paul  Grover  00  14 

SALEM. 


December  24,  1676. 


Samuel  Sibly 

14  05 

Lawrence  Dennis 

01  02 

John  Beckett 

00  11 

Isaac  Williams 

00  11 

Jonathan  Prince 

02  14 

Benjamin  Home 

01  18 

Jacob  Burton 

10  02 

Peter  Hamon 

02  00 

Thomas  Alexander 

01  16 

Samuel  Ingerson 

02  14 

January  24, 

1676-7. 

Peter  Rogers 

01  10 

February  24, 

1676-7. 

Josiah  Brown 

01  03 

Jonathan  Very 

05  02 

Nathaniel  Putman 

02  00 

James  Waitstill 

02  03 

SALISBURY. 

December  24 

,  1676. 

John  Diggerson 

01  15 

MILITARY  SERVICE.  451 

SUDBURY. 

December  24,  1676. 
Jonathan  Griffin  01  16  06 

Joseph  Russell  00  04  00 

December  24,  1676. 

Henry  Rice  01  15  00 

January  24,  1676-7. 

Marke  Perkins  00  17  00 

TOPSFIELD. 

January  24,  1676-7. 

James  Stanlee  01  11  08 

Joseph  Estey  01  11  08 

February  24,  1676-7. 

Isaac  Easty  03  07  06 

WATERTOWN. 

November  24,  1676. 

Joseph  Grant  01  01  00 

December  24,  1676. 

Benony  Larned  03  13  06 

James  Cutting  02  14  00 

January  24,  1676-7. 
William  Larned  00  05  00 

Joseph  Child  03  09  00 

Thomas  Sawin  01  07  04 

February  24,  1676-7. 
Thomas  Underwood  01  10  00 

Obadiah  Sautell  00  12  00 

WENHAM. 

February  24,  1676-7. 
Richard  Hutton  00  06  00 

Richard  Kemball  00  14  00 

WEYMOUTH. 

January  24,  1676-7. 
William  Mills  03  12  10 

Edward  Skinner  03  08  00 


FOR 

00 

06 

00 

06 

03 

03 

00 

00 

05 

05 

00 

06 

02 

00 

00 

00 

10 

00 

00 

00 

00 

06 


452 


king  Philip’s  war. 


WOBURN. 

November  24,  1676. 

Joseph  Right  00  14  03 

David  Roberts  01  10  00 

December  24,  1676. 

George  Wilkinson  02  14  00 

February  24,  1676-7. 

James  Simons  03  09  00 

TOWNS  NOT  MENTIONED. 


October  24,  1676. 


Samuel  Harrington 

00 

15 

10 

John  Chappell 

02 

05 

00 

John  Whitmarsh 

02 

14 

00 

Nathaniel  Clapp 

00 

09 

00 

Nehemiah  Clapp 

00 

09 

00 

- Humphrey 

00 

09 

00 

John  Kenney 

00 

09 

00 

Eleazer  Hawes 

00 

09 

00 

Bernard  Capen 

00 

09 

00 

Jonathan  Blackman 

00 

09 

00 

Samuel  Sheffield 

00 

09 

00 

William  Sables 

00 

09 

00 

William  Sheffield 

00 

09 

00 

John  Blake 

00 

09 

00 

Benjamin  Smith 

03 

00 

00 

David  Hartshorn 

08 

05 

00 

Henry  Raynor 

15 

00 

00 

John  Tebb 

02 

07 

00 

Philip  Mosarvy 

01 

10 

00 

Thomas  Lock 

04 

03 

00 

Solomon  Loud 

08 

02 

00 

John  Hudson 

02 

14 

00 

Oliver  Missatt 

00 

09 

04 

David  Middleton 

03 

05 

00 

Solomon  Woodis 

04 

12 

06 

Walter  Cohone 

01 

14 

02 

Thomas  Clark 

06 

00 

00 

Samuel  Winch 

01 

10 

00 

December  24, 

1676. 

Mongo  Craford 

10 

07 

00 

William  Crane 

11 

01 

00 

John  Windoome 

01 

10 

10 

John  Woolly 

01 

13 

04 

Richard  Priest 

18 

00 

00 

William  Griggs 

01 

04 

00 

John  Avis 

01 

13 

04 

Robert  Butcher 

00 

14 

00 

Fear-Not  Shaw 

00 

10 

02 

January  24, 

1676. 

Richard  Stains 

05 

14 

00 

John  Stuckley 

02 

06 

02 

Ralph  King 

00 

17 

02 

Thomas  Clark,  Jr. 

00 

07 

00 

William  Killcup 

00 

02 

06 

Daniel  Travis 

01 

10 

00 

Samuel  Andrews 

03 

08 

00 

Thomas  Wad  duck 

03 

08 

00 

George  Munjoy 

03 

00 

00 

George  Welch 

02 

14 

00 

Thomas  Mitchell 

02 

14 

00 

John  Drake 

02 

14 

00 

John  Luce 

02 

14 

00 

Aaron  Beard 

03 

08 

00 

William  Lee 

03 

08 

00 

Hozea  Mallett 

03 

02 

00 

John  Jent 

03 

08 

00 

John  Torry 

00 

10 

02 

Joseph  Read 

02 

14 

00 

John  Atkins 

02 

14 

00 

Edward  Cowles 

01 

11 

00 

Mathew  Williams 

01 

01 

04 

Peter  Indian 

02 

14 

00 

Samuel  Holman 

01 

05 

00 

Thomas  Cloies 

03 

08 

00 

John  Bucke 

00 

12 

10 

Cromwell  Indian 

02 

14 

00 

Michel  Read 

05 

09 

06 

Brattles  Man 

01 

09 

00 

Silvanus  Davis 

06 

04 

00 

Edward  Brooks 

00 

04 

02 

Josiah  Baker 

00 

04 

02 

Samuel  Woodee 

00 

04 

02 

Thomas  Rucke 

00 

04 

02 

William  Downes 

00 

04 

02 

Joseph  Hasee 

00 

04 

02 

February  24, 

1676-7, 

Thomas  Groce 

02 

09 

00 

Abraham  Quiddington  02 

03 

08 

William  Nicholson 

02 

08 

10 

Nicholas  Lash 

00 

04 

02 

John  Davis 

04 

01 

00 

Richard  Willin 

03 

05 

00 

James  Sawyer 

00 

08 

06 

LATER  CREDITS  FOR  MILITARY  SERVICE. 


453 


There  was  a  later  Ledger,  mentioned  before,  into  which  Mr. 
Hull  carried  the  closing  accounts  of  the  war.  These  accounts, 
however,  have  little  except  names  and  wages,  with  very  few 
additional  facts.  We  remember  that  while  these  accounts  of 
Mr.  Hull  are,  by  far,  the  most  complete  of  any  existing  roll  of 
early  colonial  soldiers,  they  give  little  besides  the  facts  of  ser¬ 
vices  and  wages.  In  the  dingy  old  documents  contained  in  the 
Mass.  Archives,  are  many  petitions,  and  other  references,  which 
speak  of  almost  incredible  hardships,  of  manly  fortitude  and 
devotion,  which  lift  many  a  name  here,  out  of  the  dull  lists  of 
“  Military  Service,”  and  up  into  the  ranks  of  heroes  and  patriots. 
Many  such  references  appear  in  the  foregoing  pages,  like  that 
of  Widow  Mary  Turner  after  Capt.  Turner’s  death;  that  of 
Lieut.  John  Wyman  and  others.  Many  others  whose  names  are 
not  here,  appear  in  the  old  documents  referred  to ;  like  that  of 
Benjamin  Rockwood  (Rocket),  who,  in  a  later  Ledger,  has  credit 
for  Military  Service,  in  1677.  In  Mass.  Archives,  vol.  72,  pp.  622- 
624,  several  original  documents  are  found  showing  that  he  was 
a  soldier  in  Philip’s  war,  was  in  service  at  the  Westward,  and 
then  was  sent,  under  Capt.  Swett,  to  the  Eastward;  and  at 
Blackpoynt,  was  twice  severely  wounded,  and  was  confined  in 
Salem  Hospital  for  “  a  quarter  of  a  year.”  A  memorial  of  his 
townsmen  testifies  to  the  facts,  and  other  evidence  shows  that 
he  had  “  two  bullets  in  his  thigh.”  Much  more  is  found  about 
this  last  case,  which,  being  typical  of  the  times  and  men,  doubt¬ 
less  had  many  parallels,  if  we  knew  all. 


APPENDIX. 


PLYMOUTH  COLONY. 


GOVERNORS,  1620-1692. 

John  Carver,  November,  1620,  to  April,  1621. 

William  Bradford,  1621-1633,  1635-1637,  1639-1644,  1645-1657 
Edward  Winslow,  1633,  1636,  1644. 

Thomas  Prence,  1634,  1638,  1657-1673. 

Josiah  Winslow,  1673-1680. 

Thomas  Hinkley,  1681-1692.  (Except  the  Andros  administration.) 


Capt.  Myles  Standish  was  the  first  military  officer  of  New 
England,  and,  as  long  as  he  lived,  the  chief  military  leader  of 
Plymouth  colony.  Came  in  the  “  Mayflower  ”  to  Plymouth 
with  wife  Rose,  who  died  January  29,  following  the  landing. 
By  his  second  wife,  Barbara,  he  had  the  five  children  mentioned 
in  his  will  of  March  7,  1656.  Four  sons,  Alexander,  Myles, 
Josiah,  and  Charles  survived  him,  his  daughter  Lora  already 
deceased.  Through  these  sons  a  numerous  posterity  followed. 
He  was  one  of  the  chief  of  the  Pilgrims,  and  besides  being 
always  commander-in-chief  of  the  military,  was  treasurer  for 
twelve  years,  and  assistant  for  some  eighteen  years.  He  died 
Oct.  3,  1656,  and  is  buried  in  Duxbury,  according  to  the  request 
in  his  will.  Upon  the  hill  which  formed  a  part  of  his  Duxbury 
estate,  known  as  “  The  Captain’s  Hill,”  stands  the  noble 
“  Standish  Monument,”  of  granite,  surmounted  by  a  fine  statue 
of  Capt.  Standish.  He  was  regularly  chosen  as  captain,  Febru¬ 
ary,  1621,  though  he  was  understood  to  be  captain  from  the 
compact,  Nov.  11,  1620. 

Other  prominent  officers  of  the  militia  of  Plymouth  colony, 
from  1620  to  1678,  with  year  of  appointment: 


Thomas  Willett,  Plymouth, 
Thomas  Southworth,  Plym¬ 
outh,  1659 

James  Cud  worth,  Scituate,  1652 
Nath1  Thomas,  Marshfield,  1644 


Josiah  Winslow,  Marshfield,  1655 
William  Poole,  Taunton,  1638 
William  Hedge,  Yarmouth,  1659 
Thomas  Howes,  Yarmouth,  1674 
Matthew  Fuller,  Barnstable,  1668 


Captains. 
1648 


456 


king  philip’s  war. 


Lieutenants. 


William  Holmes,  Plymouth,  1635 
John  Vassell,  Scituate,  1652 
James  Torrey,  Scituate,  1655 
Peregrine  White,  Marshfield,  1655 
Ephraim  Morton,  Plymouth,  1664 
Samuel  Nash,  Duxbury,  1645 
Josias  Standish,  Bridgewater,  16 60 
G-eorge  Macy,  Taunton,  1665 
Peter  Hunt,  Rehoboth,  1654 
Isaac  Bucke,  Scituate,  1670 

John  Smith,  Dartmouth,  1674 

James  Wyatt, 


William  Palmer,  Yarmouth,  1643 
Samuel  Ryder,  Yarmouth,  1653 
John  Marchant,  Yarmouth,  1670 
John  Blackmore,  Sandwich,  1638 
William  Newland,  Sandwich,  1647 
John  Ellis,  Sandwich,  1653 

Joseph  Rogers,  Eastham,  1647 
Thomas  Dimmock,  Barn¬ 
stable,  1643 

Thomas  Hayward,  ir.,  Bridge- 
water,  1664 

Taunton,  1651. 


In  the  year  1643  an  official  canvass  of  every  town  in  Plymouth 
Colony  was  made,  to  find  the  men,  between  the  ages  of  sixteen 
and  sixty  years,  who  were  able  to  bear  arms.  These  lists  are 
preserved  in  the  Plymouth  Records,  but  I  have  not  thought 
best  to  insert  them  here,  as  the  men  were  not  properly  soldiers. 


In  1643,  a  more  compact  and  responsible  military  organization  was 
established  in  the  three  towns,  Plymouth,  Duxbury,  and  Marshfield. 
While  a  careful  canvass  of  the  colony  was  made  that  year,  and  account 
taken  of  every  man  “able  to  bear  arms,”  this  company  was  made  up 
of  chosen  men,  and  was  independent.  None  were  received  unless  they 
were  freemen,  honest,  and  of  good  repute,  and  by  the  election  of  the 
members  of  the  company.  Training  exercises  were  begun  and  ended 
with  prayer.  Strict  order  was  enjoined,  and  any  infringement  of 
rules  was  punished  with  dismission  from  the  company.  Each  man, 
upon  election,  must  provide  himself  with  a  musket  or  sword,  rest, 
bandoleers,  etc.  Only  one  third  of  whole  company  were  allowed  to 
carry  pikes.  The  following  rules  were  in  force : 

“All  who  are  elected  chief  officers  in  this  military  company  shall 
be  so  titled  and  forever  afterwards  so  reputed,  except  he  obtain  a 
higher  place.  That  every  man  enlisted  in  this  company  shall  pay 
sixpence  a  quarter  for  the  use  of  the  company.  That  when  any  one 
of  this  company  dies,  the  company  shall  come  together  with  their 
armes,  upon  warning,  and  ‘  interr  his  corps  ’  as  a  soldier,  and  ac¬ 
cording  to  his  place  and  quality.  All  must  take  the  oath  of  fidelity 
before  admission  to  the  company.  All  postures  of  pike  and  muskett, 
motions  rankes  and  files,  &c.,  messengers,  skirmishes,  sieges,  bat¬ 
teries,  watches,  sentinells,  &c.,  must  be  always  performed  according 
to  true  military  discipline.” 


The  officers  appointed  over  this  company  were, 

Capt.  Myles  Standish,  Nath1.  Souther,  Clark, 

Lieut.  Nath1  Thomas,  Matthew  Fuller,  j  , 

Samuel  Nash,  j  serSeants 


The  entire  militia  of  Plymouth  Colony,  in  1658,  was  organized 
into  a  regiment,  of  which  Josiah  Winslow,  of  Marshfield,  was 


APPENDIX. 


457 


chosen  Major-Commandant,  and  he  held  that  office  until  his 
election  as  governor  of  the  colony,  in  1673,  when  Mr.  William 
Bradford  was  chosen  to  that  place.  A  cavalry  company  was 
organized  in  the  colony  in  1659,  with  William  Bradford,  of 
Plymouth,  Captain,  John  Freeman,  of  Eastham,  Lieutenant,  and 
Robert  Stetson,  of  Scituate,  Cornet ;  but  for  neglecting  the  re¬ 
quirements  of  the  Court  in  procuring  carbines,  was  disbanded 
by  a  general  order  June  1,  1675. 


ACTIVE  MILITARY  SERVICE. 

Upon  active  military  operations,  officers  and  men  were  selected 
from  the  various  towns  by  military  committees  for  the  special 
service.  The  first  actual  Indian  war,  after  the  earlier  skirmishes, 
was  the  war  with  the  Pequods,  the  story  of  which  has  been  told 
above.  The  following  document  shows  the  action  taken  by  the 
Court  of  Plymouth: 


At  the  General  Court  held  in  Plymouth  June  7,  1637, 

It  was  enacted  that  the  colony  send  forth  a  company  to  aid  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  and  Connecticut  in  their  war  against  the  Pequod  Indians, 
in  revenge  of  the  innocent  blood  of  the  English  which  the  Pequods 
have  shed. 

Thirty  persons  shall  be  sent  for  land  service,  and  as  many  others 
as  shall  be  sufficient  to  manage  the  barque. 

Leiftenant  William  Holmes  is  elected  as  leader  of  the  company. 

Mr.  Thomas  Prence  is  elected  to  go  with  the  company  and  to  be 
for  the  “  Counsell  of  War.” 


Names  of  the  soldiers  who  volunteered  to  go  upon  the  service ,  but  were 
not  called  into  active  service. 


Thomas  Clarke, 

Richard  Church, 

George  Soule, 

Samuell  Jenney, 

Constance  Southerne, 

John  Barnes, 

Mr.  Nathaniell  Thomas,  and  his 
man, 

Mr.  Goarton, 

John  Cooke  (if  his  family  can  be 
provided) , 

Mr.  Stephen  Hopkins, 

John  Heyward, 

Thomas  Williams, 

Nicholas  Presland, 

Thomas  Pope, 

Philip  Delanoy, 

George  Kennerick, 

John  Irish, 

Jacob  Cooke, 

John  Philips, 


Francis  Billington, 

Henry  Willis, 

Peregrine  White, 

Caleb  Hopkins, 

Samuell  Nash, 

Robert  Mendall, 

Henry  Sampson, 

Thomas  Redding, 

Love  Brewster, 

Joseph  Robinson,  his  man, 
Edward  Holman, 

William  Paddy, 

John  Hearker, 

Richard  Clough, 

Henry  Ewell, 

Joseph  Biddle, 

William  Tubbs, 

Thomas  Halloway, 

John  Jenkins, 

Giles  Hopkins, 

Thomas  Goarton. 


458 


king  philip’s  war. 


And  those  who  will  go  if  they  be  prest. 

Mr.  Thomas  Hill,  Thomas  Boardman, 

James  Coale. 


The  Expedition  against  the  Narragansets  in  1645. 

The  proportion  and  names  of  the  souldiers  in  each  Town  sent  forth 
in  the  late  Expedition  against  the  Narrohigansets  and  their  Confeder¬ 
ates. 

The  first  Company,  viz.,  sixteen,  went  forth  Aug.  15,  1645. 

Plymouth ,  six  men ,  17  days,  £5:02:00. 

John  Tompson,  Richard  Foster,  John  Bundy, 

Nicholas  Hodges,  John  Shawe,  Samuell  Cutbert. 

Duxborough ,  six  men ,  17  days ,  £5 :02 :00. 

Serj‘.  Samuell  Nash,  William  Brewster,  William  Clark, 

John  Washborne,  Nathaniell  Chaundler,  Edward  Hall. 

Marshfield ,  four  men ,  17  days ,  £3:08:00. 

Luke  Lillye,  Twyford  West,  William  Hale, 

Roger  Cooke. 

The  second  Company  went  forth  23d.  August,  1645. 

Plymouth ,  two  men ,  13  days ,  £1:06:00. 

John  Jenkins,  John  Harman. 

Sandwich ,  five  men ,  13  days ,  £3 :05 :00. 

Thomas  Burges,  Thomas  Greenfield,  Laurence  Willis, 

Thomas  Johnson,  Robte  Allen. 

Scittuate ,  eight  men ,  13  days ,  £5:04:00. 

John  Turner,  George  Russell,  Jeremiah  Burrowes, 

Hercules  Hill,  Edward  Saunders,  Nathaneill  Moate, 

John  Robinson,  Richard  Toute. 

Barnstable ,  four  men ,  14  days ,  £2 :16 :00. 

John  Foxwell,  John  Russell,  Jonathan  Hatch, 

Francis  Crocker. 

Yarmouth,  five  men ,  14  days ,  £3:10:00,  drumer  extra,  0:5:00. 

William  Northcoate,  William  Twyning,  Teague  Jonaes, 

Henry  Wheildon,  William  Chase,  drummer. 


Both  companies  returned  Tuesday,  Sept.  2,  1645,  and  were 
disbanded  the  following  day. 


APPENDIX. 


459 


Each  soldier  on  going  forth  was  supplied  with  1  lb.  of  powder, 
and  3  lbs.  of  bullets,  and  1  lb.  of  tobacco. 

Taunton,  Rehoboth,  alias  Seacunck,  were  not  required  to 
furnish  men,  as  they  were  frontier  towns  and  “  billetted  ”  the 
“souldiers”  while  out. 

The  items  charged  in  the  accounts  of  this  expedition  are  of 
interest  as  showing  the  kind  of  supplies  used  and  the  prices. 

It :  for  a  line  to  Mr.  Hanbury  £00  :02  :00. 

It :  £  Dussen  knives  given  to  messengers  £00  :02s  :06d. 

“  For  Casting  of  Shott,  5s.  It:  Drumheads,  7s. 
a  Spent  of  the  Money  and  beads  the  Captain  had,  £02  :05  :05. 

“  Work  done  by  Gorame,  £00:04:00.  It:  James  Coles  bill 
£14:02:00. 

“  A  horsehire  11  days  £00  :11 :00 

“  25  lbs  of  powder  taken  at  the  barke  by  the  Captain  to  bring  the 

men  home  again . £02:10:00. 

“  75  lbs  of  biskett  the  Capt.  had  at  the  barke  to  “vittaile  his  men 
homewards  ”  for  which  is  allowed  one  hundred  weight 
£00  :16s  :00d. 

“  Allowed  towards  the  carriage  of  provisions  to  Seacunck,  which  came 
by  sea  out  of  the  Bay  £02 :00  :00.  Tobacco  allowed  00  :27s  :04d. 
The  sum  total  was  £66  : 03  : 03. 

The  provisions  were  carried  in  canvas  bags. 

While  the  organization  of  the  militia  was  efficiently  kept  up 
in  Plymouth  Colony  from  1643  onward,  and  large  preparations 
were  made  in  1653  and  1654  for  war  with  the  Dutch  at  Man¬ 
hattan,  no  actual  hostilities  occurred  until  June,  1675. 

In  1653  a  “  Council  of  War”  was  appointed  to  take  charge  of 
all  preparations  for  the  expedition  against  the  Dutch.  This 
council  consisted  of  Mr.  William  Bradford,  President,  Mr. 
Thomas  Prence,  Mr.  John  Alden,  Mr.  Timothy  Hatherly,  Capt. 
Myles  Standish,  Capt.  Thomas  Willett,  Capt.  James  Cudworth, 
Mr.  John  Browne  and  Lieut.  Thomas  Southworth. 

These  appointed  an  expedition  to  be  sent  out  to  join  the  other 
colonies,  consisting  of  sixty  men  from  Plymouth,  with  Capt. 
Myles  Standish  as  Commander,  Matthew  Fuller  as  Lieutenant, 
and  Hezekiah  Hoare  as  Ensign. 

Two  barks  were  also  to  be  impressed  for  the  expedition, 
viz.:  “The  barque  which  George  Watson  sayleth,  with  himself 
as  master,  and  John  Green  and  John  Smith  of  same  barque.” 
The  expedition  was  still  in  preparation,  June  20,  1654,  when  a 
full  commission  was  granted  to  Capt.  Standish  to  prosecute  the 
war.  Peace  was  settled  between  the  two  nations  before  the 
colonies  became  actively  engaged. 

The  account  of  Philip’s  War  in  the  preceding  pages  neces¬ 
sarily  followed  the  fortunes  of  the  officers  and  companies  of 
Massachusetts,  as  the  Treasurer’s  credits  to  these  were  the 


460 


king  philip’s  war. 


basis  of  my  work.  No  such  lists  have  been  found  pertaining 
to  Plymouth  or  Connecticut  Colonies,  and  the  particulars 
of  the  services  of  the  soldiers  of  these  colonies  have  not  had 
contemporary  chroniclers,  like  Hubbard,  Mather,  and  the 
authors  of  the  “Letters  to  London,”  so  often  quoted  in  this 
volume. 

In  Philip’s  War,  Plymouth  Colony  took  the  initiative,  and  had 
men  in  the  field  several  days  before  the  arrival  of  the  Massa¬ 
chusetts  companies  at  Swansey. 

In  the  Records  of  the  United  Commissioners,  vol.  II.  p.  362, 
is  a  letter  from  Josiah  Winslow  and  Thomas  Hinckley,  recount¬ 
ing  the  events,  in  the  Plymouth  Jurisdiction,  leading  up  to 
the  outbreak  of  the  war,  the  first  overt  act  being  the  rifling  of 
the  house  of  Job  Winslow  at  Swansey,  on  June  18th  or  19th,  1675. 
On  the  next  day,  Sunday,  June  20th,  the  Indians  burned  several 
houses  at  Swansey  while  the  people  were  at  church,  upon  the 
alarm  of  which,  and  a  threatened  general  assault,  Plymouth 
Colony  sent  a  force  of  soldiers  to  protect  the  town.  On  the 
24th  of  June  Thomas  Layton  (Mr.  Hubbard  says  Layton 
Archer)  was  killed  at  Fallriver,  and  on  the  25th,  several  at 
Swansey. 

The  Plymouth  forces,  hastily  collected,  rendezvoused  at 
Taunton,  June  21st,  under  command  of  Major  Bradford,  and  next 
day  marched,  under  Capt.  James  Cud  worth,  to  Swansey,  where 
they  were  garrisoned  at  the  houses  of  Mr.  John  Brown  and  Rev. 
John  Miles.  There  the  Massachusetts  forces  soon  joined  them, 
and,  the  war  being  in  the  Plymouth  Jurisdiction,  Capt.  Cudworth 
became  Commander-in-Chief,  with  the  title  of  Major. 

Mr.  Hubbard  relates  that  a  company  of  seventeen  men  from 
Bridgewater  were  the  first  to  arrive  at  Swansey,  and  were  im¬ 
mediately  ordered  to  Matapoiset  to  strengthen  Bourne’s  garrison, 
wherein  were  seventy  persons,  of  whom  but  sixteen  were  men. 
At  this  time  there  were  many  “  strange  Indians  ”  mixed  in  with 
Philip’s  own,  and  these  were  reckless  tramps  and  adventurers, 
mostly.  One  of  the  requests  of  the  Plymouth  authorities  was 
that  these  should  be  sent  away  by  Philip.  Philip  himself  had 
many  good  friends  among  the  people  living  near  him,  with  whom 
he  had  had  dealings,  and  found  them  kind  and  honest.  He  is 
said  to  have  given  strict  orders  not  to  disturb  them  or  their  fami¬ 
lies.  Among  these  were  Mr.  John  Brown,  Capt.  Thomas  Willett, 
and  Mr.  James  Leonard  of  Taunton;  and  when  James  Brown,  son 
of  the  above,  was  sent  to  Philip  to  persuade  peace,  while  many  of 
his  warriors  urged  that  he  be  retained  as  captive,  or  be  put  to 
death,  Philip  sent  him  home  safely  guarded.  The  house  of  Capt. 
Willett  seems  to  have  been  undisturbed,  and  when,  a  year  later, 
his  son  Hezekiah  Willett  was  killed  by  some  strange  Indians,  it 
was  without  the  knowledge  of  Philip  or  the  Wampanoags. 
Jethro,  a  negro  slave  of  Capt.  Willett’s,  was  taken  at  the  same 


APPENDIX. 


461 


time  as  a  captive,  but  escaped  afterwards,  in  good  time  to  warn 
the  English  of  a  raid  planned  by  the  Indians.  His  story  was  that 
the  Indians,  who  killed  his  young  master  and  made  him  captive, 
carried  the  head  of  Willett  to  Philip,  who,  with  his  people,  was 
greatly  grieved,  and,  taking  the  head,  mourned  over  it,  and  showed 
it  great  honor,  as  for  a  good  friend,  combing  the  hair  and  orna¬ 
menting  it  with  beads  of  wampum. 

Mr.  Hubbard  relates  that  the  first  persons  killed  in  the  war 
were  the  six  men  who  ventured  from  Bourne’s  garrison  with 
carts  to  take  some  corn  from  a  barn,  “  one  Jones  ”  being  the  only 
name  I  have  found  of  those  slain.  The  people  at  this  place  were 
soon  after  taken  over  to  Rhode  Island. 

In  June,  1675,  Taunton  was  attacked  by  a  prowling  band  of 
the  savages,  and  the  houses  of  James  Walker  and  John  Tisdell 
were  burned,  and  Tisdell  was  killed.  At  the  same  time  two 
soldiers  from  Eastham,  serving  there,  were  killed ;  their  names 
were  John  Knowles  and  Samuel  Atkins.  In  May,  1676,  in  that 
part  of  Taunton  which  became  Raynham,  six  men  were  killed 
while  at  work  in  the  field  planting,  viz.,  Henry  Andrews,  James 
Bell,  Sergt.  James  Phillips,  and  in  another  part  of  the  town 
Edward  Bobit,  or  Babbitt;  while  two  youths  were  taken  captive. 
At  Eel  River,  near  Plymouth,  March  12,  1675-6,  the  house  of 
William  Clark  was  assaulted  by  a  small  party  of  Indians  led  by 
Tatoson,  and  Mrs.  Clark  and  an  infant,  with  eight  other  per¬ 
sons  from  other  families,  were  killed.  At  the  trial  of  divers  In¬ 
dians  captured  by  Major  Bradford,  were  several  who  had  a 
hand  with  Tatoson,  from  whose  confessions  the  names  of  all  were 
learned.  Although  these  Indians,  most  of  them,  surrendered 
under  the  proclamation  of  the  Governor,  those  who  had  had  any 
part  in  the  war  were  mostly  sold  into  servitude  out  of  the  country, 
often  with  their  wives  and  children,  while  those  who  had  killed 
any  of  the  English  were  at  once  put  to  death.  Among  those 
who  surrendered  was  one  called  “  John  Num,”  who  was  accused 
of  having  part  in  the  Clark  murders,  and  also  confessed  that  he 
was  with  the  company  which  killed  Jacob  Mitchell  and  his  wife, 
and  John  Pope,  at  Dartmouth.  Of  the  whole  number  of  the  per¬ 
petrators  of  the  Clark’s  House  outrage,  eleven  in  all,  the  names 
were  proved  and  stand  upon  record.  Those  captured,  tried,  and 
beheaded  were  the  said  “John  Num,”  “Woodcocke,”  “  Quana- 
pawhan ;  ”  while  Keweenam  was  proved  an  accessory  and  also 
executed.  Tatoson  was  hunted  down,  but  died  in  the  woods, 
uncaptured. 

The  “Entertaining  History”  of  Philip’s  War,  written  by  Ben¬ 
jamin  Church,  of  Little  Compton,  Rhode  Island,  gives  many  in¬ 
teresting  details,  in  his  own  personal  experience,  and  casual 
references  and  items,  which  would  otherwise  be  lost.  Being 
joined  with  the  Plymouth  forces  his  stories  relate  mostly  to 
their  operations,  or  those  in  which  he,  personally,  played  the 


462 


king  philip’s  war. 

leading  part.  The  invasion  of  Pocasset  by  Capt.  Mathew  Fuller 
and  himself,  with  thirty-six  men,  his  fight,  with  his  small  party, 
at  Punketees  Neck  with  several  hundred  savages,  until  rescued 
by  Captain  Roger  Golding’s  vessel,  is  a  story  of  intense  interest ; 
and  by  his  graphic  descriptions  of  events,  and  oftentimes  garru¬ 
lous  narration  of  personal  adventures,  he  has  preserved  the  very 
details  concerning  men  and  things,  which  the  historians  have 
missed.  Many  have  taken  him  as  a  historian  of  the  war,  and 
neglected  the  real  authorities,  like  Hubbard,  Mather,  and  Gookin. 
His  narrative  is  simply  a  compilation  of  an  old  man’s  remin¬ 
iscences,  written  out  some  forty  years  after  their  actual  occur¬ 
rence,  and  we  can  readily  understand  that  the  long  years  and 
the  frequent  relation  of  his  experiences  would  tend  to  make  his 
memory  fertile  in  graphic  details  and  personal  achievements 
which  contemporaries  knew  nothing  about. 

Capt.  Nathaniel  Thomas  wrote  a  letter  from  Mounthope  gar¬ 
rison  on  August  10th,  with  details  of  the  course  of  events  upon 
Philip’s  escape,  July  29th,  and  does  not  mention  Mr.  Church. 
The  story,  nearly  as  Capt.  Thomas  tells  it,  is  followed  in  the 
introductory  chapter.  He  mentions  that  “thirty  Stonington 
men  ”  joined  in  the  pursuit  at  Rehoboth,  and  says  that  in  the 
fight  with  Philip’s  and  Weetamoo’s  warriors  at  “  Nipsachick,” 
the  Mohegans  “  stripped  ”  the  enemies  whom  they  had  slain, 
and  “  skinned  their  heads.”  The  captive  whom  they  wounded 
and  took  told  them  that  Philip,  Tokomona  (brother  of  Awa- 
shonks),  and  the  “  Black  Sachem,”  were  with  the  enemy ;  that 
Awashonks  had  gone  over  among  the  Narragansets  at  the 
beginning  of  the  war;  that  Nimrod  was  slain  in  the  fight. 
Capt.  Thomas  relates  that  Sergt.  John  Parker  and  William 
Porey  were  wounded,  also,  in  this  skirmish,  while  twenty-three 
of  the  enemy  were  killed.  He  severely  criticises  Capt.  Hench¬ 
man  for  neglecting  to  pursue  Philip  immediately,  as  they  would 
have  done  had  not  Henchman  come  up  and  taken  command. 

October  4th,  1675,  the  Plymouth  Court  reelected  Major  James 
Cudworth  as  General,  or  Commander-in-Chief,  of  the  forces  of 
that  colony  in  active  service,  Sergeant  Robert  Barker  to  be 
Lieutenant  of  his  particular  company,  Captain  John  Gorum 
to  be  Captain  of  the  other  company,  and  Ensign  Jonathan  Spar¬ 
row  to  be  his  Lieutenant.  Lieut.  John  Brown  is  appointed  to 
be  Capt.  of  the  guard  at  Mounthope,  with  a  new  company  of 
twenty-five  men  to  be  impressed  in  the  various  towns,  and  the 
guard  now  there  to  be  released.  Capt.  Mathew  Fuller  was 
appointed  to  be  surgeon-general  of  all  the  forces  of  the  colony. 
The  address  of  the  Plymouth  Court  to  the  “Gentleman  Souldiers,” 
of  the  Colony,  upon  the  mustering  of  the  United  Colonies’  forces 
in  December,  1675,  for  the  Narraganset  campaign,  is  at  once  a 
gracious  summons  to  duty  and  a  fervent  appeal  to  loyalty,  with 
promises  that  the  wages  of  all  the  soldiers  shall  be  secured,  and 


APPENDIX. 


463 


their  wants  and  interests  provided  for,  and  that  volunteers  shall 
be  regarded  with  special  favor. 

Govr.  Josias  Winslow  was,  as  we  know,  appointed  Commander- 
in-Chief  over  the  whole  expedition,  while  Major  Bradford  was 
superior  officer  of  the  Plymouth  forces  and  Capt.  John  Gorum 
captain  of  the  second  company. 

From  the  “  History  of  Rehoboth,”  by  Leonard  Bliss,  we  gather 
the  following  list  of  the  names  of  those  soldiers  belonging  to 
Rehoboth  who  served  in  the  Narraganset  campaign : 


John  Fitch, 
Thomas  Kendrick, 
John  Redeway, 
John  Ide, 


Jonathan  Wilmarth, 
Jonathan  Sabin, 
John  Martin, 
Joseph  Doggett, 


Jasiel  Perry, 

John  Carpenter, 

John  Miller,  jun., 
Sampson  Mason,  jun. 


Under  Major  Bradford. 


Preserved  Abell, 
Samuel  Miller, 
James  Rede  way, 
Nicholas  Ide, 
Thomas  Read, 


Samuel  Perry, 

Silas  Allin, 

Enoch  Hunt, 

Noah  Mason, 

Israel  Read, 
Nathaniel  Wilmarth. 


Stephen  Paine,  jun., 
Samuel  Palmer, 
Samuel  Walker, 
Samuel  Sabin, 
George  Robinson, 


The  above  list  is  confirmed  by  comparison  with  Narraganset 
No.  4,  above,  except  some  variations  in  the  spelling,  as  readily 
seen.  Gen.  E.  W.  Pierce,  in  his  valuable  historical  researches, 
has  found  two  other  names,  both  ancestors  of  his,  who  were 
Narraganset  soldiers,  viz.,  Isaac  Peirce  and  William  Hoskins. 
These  are  both  found  in  the  list  of  No.  4,  Peirce  at  Middle- 
borough  and  Hoskins,  given  as  Hopkins,  of  Taunton,  both  alive, 
1734. 

In  March,  1675-6,  we  find  Plymouth  Colony  promptly  trying 
to  redeem  her  promises  to  the  soldiers  who  were  in  the  expedi¬ 
tion,  by  the  granting  of  several  tracts  of  land  to  the  value  of  one 
thousand  pounds ;  said  tracts  being  located  at  Showamett, 
Assonett  Neck,  Assowamsett,  and  Agawam  and  Sepecan,  while 
one  thousand  pounds  was  assessed  upon  the  towns  of  the  colony 
for  the  present  help  of  those  whose  condition  calls  for  immediate 
help  instead  of  payment  in  lands. 

There  is  a  tradition  that  one  of  the  first  men  slain  by  the 
Indians,  at  Swansey,  June  24th,  1675,  was  Joseph  Lewis,  a  resi¬ 
dent  of  that  town,  who  was  buried  there  on  that  day.  There  is 
a  story  that,  on  the  same  day  with  Peirse’s  fight  nine  men  became 
detached  from  a  company,  or,  possibly,  were  hastening  to  the 
relief  of  Capt.  Peirse,  when  they  were  ambushed  by  a  great  body 
of  Indians,  and  all  slain  and  left  unburied  at  a  place  known  as 
“Camp  Swamp,”  and,  sometimes,  from  this  disaster,  as  “Nine 
Men’s  Misery.”  On  the  records  of  Rehoboth  are  the  names  of 
four  men  who  were  slain  on  March  26th,  1676.  Two  of  these 


464 


king  philip’s  war. 


were  John  Fitch  (Fitz),  jr.,  and  John  Miller,  jr.  The  other  two 
were  Benj.  Buckland  and  John  Reed,  jr.  These  last  were  not 
mentioned  in  the  letter  of  Rev.  Noah  Newman,  above  noted,  as 
being  in  Capt.  Peirse’s  company.  It  may  be  that  these  were  of 
the  nine  slain  at  “  Camp  Swamp,”  and  that  the  account  of  the 
latter  disaster  had  not  reached  him  when,  March  27th,  he  wrote 
his  letter. 

In  the  spring  of  1676  there  was  an  effort  made  by  the  Council 
of  War  in  Plymouth  Colony  to  raise  a  force  of  three  hundred  men 
for  the  defence  of  their  towns,  then  threatened  by  the  wandering 
tribes,  straggling,  in  parties,  back  towards  their  former  homes. 
This  attempt  failed,  but  in  June,  following,  a  force  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  English  and  fifty  Indians  was  put  into  the  field  under 
Major  Bradford,  and  did  active  service  in  protecting  the  south¬ 
ern  towns  and  capturing  the  wandering  parties  of  savages,  being 
joined,  in  July,  by  Capt.  Mosely’s  company  and  Capt.  Brattle’s 
“  Troop.” 

The  story  of  Philip’s  capture,  and  the  closing  events  of  the 
war,  have  been  told.  The  list  of  those  soldiers  who  had  part  in 
the  Narraganset  Fort  Fight  are  found  in  the  roll  of  Township 
No.  7.  We  find  that  some  of  the  Plymouth  soldiers  preferred  to 
be  paid  in  land,  according  to  the  offer  of  the  Court.  Those  of 
Scituate  made  application,  and  their  names  are  preserved  and  are 
as  follows : 


Lieut.  Isaac  Bucke, 
Richard  Prowtey, 
Thomas  Clarke, 
Joseph  Garrett, 


Zachariah  Daman, 
Corp.  John  Bucke, 
'William  Hatch, 
Richard  Dwelley, 


John  Daman, 
Jonathan  Jackson, 
Walther  Bridges, 
Benjamin  Woodworth. 


(The  last  named,  “ per”  Charles  Stockbridge.) 


CONNECTICUT  COLONY. 

GOVERNORS  AND  LIEUTENANT  GOVERNORS,  1639-1689. 


John  Haynes  .  .  . 

Edward  Hopkins  .  . 

George  Wyllys  .  . 

Thomas  Welles  .  . 

John  Webster  .  . 

John  Winthrop  .  . 

William  Leete 
Robert  Treat  .  .  . 

[Sir  Edmund  Andross] 


First  Chosen. 

Last  Chosen 

.  Served. 

1639 

1653 

8  yrs. 

1640 

1654 

7  yrs. 

1642 

1  yr. 

1655 

1658 

2  yrs. 

1656 

1  yr. 

1657 

1676 

18  yrs. 

1676 

1683 

7  yrs. 

1683 

1687 

4  yrs. 

1687 

1689 

2  yrs. 

APPENDIX. 


465 


DEPUTY  OR  LIEUTENANT  GOVERNORS. 


Roger  Ludlow 
John  Haynes  . 
George  Wyllys 
Edward  Hopkins 
Thomas  Welles 
John  Webster 
John  Winthrop 
John  Mason 
William  Leete 
Robert  Treat  . 


First  Chosen.  Last  Chosen.  Served. 


1639  1648  3  yrs. 

1640  1652  5  yrs. 

1641  -  1  yr. 

1643  1653  6  yrs. 

1654  1659  4  yrs. 

1656  -  1  yr. 

1658  - —  1  yr. 

1660  1669  9  yrs. 

1669  1676  7  yrs. 

1676  1808  17  yrs. 


MILITARY  AFFAIRS  IN  CONNECTICUT  COLONY. 

Capt.  John  Mason  was  the  first,  and,  during  his  life,  the 
chief  military  officer  of  Connecticut.  He  was  trained  as  a  sol¬ 
dier  in  the  Netherlands,  under  Sir  Thomas  Fairfax.  He  was 
born  in  England  in  1600,  and  came  to  Dorchester  as  early  as 
1632,  at  which  time  he  is  first  mentioned  on  the  records  as  in 
command  of  an  expedition  for  the  capture  of  the  pirate,  Bull. 
He  is  called  Lieutenant,  his  rank  under  Fairfax,  doubtless.  He 
removed,  in  1635,  to  Windsor,  Connecticut,  with  Mr.  Warham’s 
company,  and  after  that  was  identified  with  all  the  leading 
events  in  the  history  of  the  Connecticut  towns.  He  was  the 
commander,  and  the  hero,  in  the  Pequod  war,  as  we  have  noted 
above.  From  1637-1641,  he  was  representative  to  the  General 
Court,  Assistant  from  1641-1659,  then  Deputy  Governor  to 
1669.  He  was  appointed  Major  of  the  militia  of  Connecticut 
Colony,  holding  that  office  until  his  death,  Jan.  30,  1672,  in  his 
72d  year.  He  removed  from  Windsor  to  Saybrook,  1647,  and 
from  thence  to  Norwich  upon  its  settlement  in  1659.  His  first 

wife  -  died  at  Windsor.  He  married  second  wife  - 

Peck,  at  Windsor,  July,  1639,  and  had,  perhaps,  Isabel,  certainly 
Priscilla,  b.  October,  1641;  Samuel,  July,  1644;  John,  August, 
1646;  Rachel,  October,  1648;  Amy,  June,  1650;  Daniel,  April, 
1652 ;  Elizabeth,  August,  1654.  Isabel,  m.  June  17,  1658,  John 
Bissell,  of  Windsor ;  Priscilla,  m.  Oct.  8,  1664,  Rev.  James 
Fitch ;  Elizabeth,  m.  May  8,  1671,  Thomas  Norton ;  Rachel,  m. 
June  12,  1678,  Charles  Hill.  John  was  the  captain  of  the  Nor¬ 
wich  Company,  at  the  Narraganset  Fort  Fight,  and  was  there 
so  severely  wounded  that  he  died  next  year.  Samuel  settled  at 
Stonington,  and,  in  1673,  was  Lieutenant  of  the  militia  there, 
and,  in  1683,  Assistant.  Capt.  Mason  left  a  numerous  posterity 
through  sons  and  daughters.  Hon.  Jeremiah  Mason,  the  eminent 
jurist  of  Massachusetts,  was  doubly  descended  from  the  Major, 
through  Daniel,  the  son,  and  Priscilla  (Mason)  Fitch,  the 
daughter. 


466 


king  Philip’s  war. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  names  of  those  soldiers  of  Windsor 
who  were  in  the  Pequod  Fort  Fight  in  1637 : 


Cap1.  John  Mason, 
Serg1.  Benedict  Alvord, 
Thomas  Barber, 
Thomas  Buckland, 
George  Chappel, 


John  Dyer, 

James  Eggleston, 
Nath1.  Gillet, 
Thomas  Gridley, 
Thomas  Stiles. 


Serg1.  Tho8.  Stares, 
Richard  Osborn, 
Tho8.  Parsons, 
William  Thrall, 


A  Mr.  Hedge  and  Sergt.  Nicholas  Palmer  are  also  mentioned, 
and  Edward  Pattison,  of  Saybrook. 

The  following  soldiers  of  Hartford  received  grants  of  land  for 
services  in  the  Pequod  war.  Their  names  are  preserved  in  the 
ancient  Town  Record  of  Hartford  : 


John  Brunson, 
William  Blumfield, 
Thomas  Bull, 
Thomas  Bunce, 
Thomas  Barnes, 
Peter  Blackford, 
Benjamin  Burr, 
John  Clarke, 
Thomas  Root, 

Rev.  Samuel  Stone, 
John  Warner, 


Nicholas  Clarke, 
Capt.  John  Cullick, 
Serg1.  Philip  Davis, 
Nicholas  Disborough, 
William  Heyden, 
Thomas  Hales, 
Samuel  Hales, 

John  Hills, 

Thomas  Holly  but, 
Thomas  Spencer, 
George  Steele. 


John  Halloway, 
Jonathan  Ince, 
Benjamin  Munn, 
Nicholas  Olmstead, 
Richard  Olmstead, 
John  Purchas, 
William  Pratt, 
William  Philips, 
Thomas  Stanton, 
Samuel  Whitehead, 


The  above  list  is  copied  from  “  Hartford  in  the  Olden  Time,” 
by  “  Scaeva.”  The  author  adds  the  names  of  Thomas  Munson, 
Stephen  Hart,  Zachary  Field,  and  William  Cornwell  as  probable 
names  to  be  added  to  the  list. 


FIRST  CONNECTICUT  CAVALRY. 

In  1658,  Major  John  Mason,  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  mil¬ 
itary  forces  of  Connecticut  Colony,  organized  a  troop  of  horse 
of  thirty-seven  members  : 

Capt.  Richard  Lord,  of  Hartford. 

Lieut.  Daniel  Clark,  of  Windsor. 

Cornet  John  Allyn,  Hartford. 

f  Nicholas  Olmstead,  of  Hartford. 

Corporals  -j  Richard  Treat,  of  Wethersfield. 

(_  Samuel  Marshall,  of  Windsor. 

Quartermaster  Thomas  Welles,  of  Hartford. 


APPENDIX. 


467 


Of  Hartford. 
Sami.  Wyllis, 
Jacob  Mygatt, 
Jonathan  Gilbert, 
John  Stedman, 
James  Steele, 
Daniel  Pratt, 
Andrew  Warner, 
William  Edwards, 
Richard  Fellows, 
Robert  Reeve, 


Of  Windsor . 
Thomas  Allyn, 
John  Bissell, 
George  Phelps, 
Stephen  Terry, 
William  Hayden, 
John  Hosford, 
John  Williams, 
Nath1.  Loomis, 
Thomas  Loomis, 
Aaron  Cooke, 


David  Milton, 
Simon  Wolcott, 
Thomas  Strong, 
John  Moses, 

John  Porter, 

Of  Wethersfield. 
John  Latimer, 

John  Belden, 

John  Chester, 
Anthony  Wright, 
John  Palmer. 


In  1672,  this  troop  contained  sixty  members.  The  successive 
Captains  of  this  troop  were : 

Richard  Lord  commissioned  1658,  Hartford. 

Daniel  Clarke  commissioned  1664,  Windsor. 

Samuel  Talcott  commissioned  1681,  Wethersfield. 

James  Richards,  Lieut.,  1664. 


The  office  of  Sergeant-Major  was  created  in  1672,  and  Major 
John  Talcott  was  the  first  to  hold  that  office  and  title  in  Con¬ 
necticut.  But  Major  Edward  Palmes  seems  to  have  succeeded 
to  the  authority  of  Major  John  Mason,  by  vote  of  June  2d,  1672. 
In  1673,  the  year  after  Major  Mason’s  death,  the  Court  appointed 
a  Major  and  second  officer  over  the  militia  of  each  county,  viz. : 
for  Hartford,  Major  Talcott,  and  Capt.  Benj.  Newbery,  2d;  New 
Haven,  Major  John  Nash,  and  Capt.  Treat,  2d;  for  Fairfield 
County,  Major  Nathan  Gold,  and  Capt.  Wm.  Curtice,  2d;  New 
London,  Major  John  Winthrop,  and  Lieut.  James  Avery,  2d. 

In  each  county  the  company  of  the  shire  town  was  considered 
the  first  company,  and  under  the  immediate  command  of  the  Major. 
The  Colonial  Records  show  that  the  several  counties  raised  cav¬ 
alry  companies  or  “troops,”  just  before  Philip’s  War.  Of  the 
New  London  troop,  Benjamin  Brewster  was  the  Lieutenant,  and 
Daniel  Mason  (son  of  Major  John)  was  Quartermaster.  They 
were  commissioned  in  October,  1673. 

August  14th,  1673,  with  the  prospect  of  a  war  with  the  Dutch, 
the  Court  ordered  that  the  respective  Troops  in  the  colony,  with 
“  500  Dragoones,  be  prepared  and  fitted  for  service  forthwith.” 
In  case  of  sending  a  force  out  of  the  country,  the  following  offi¬ 
cers  were  appointed:  Hartford  County,  Benj.  Newbery,  Capt. ; 
Nich.  Olmstead,  Lieut.;  John  Wadsworth,  Ensign.  New  Lon¬ 
don,  James  Avery,  Capt.;  Thos.  Tracy,  Lieut.;  John  Denison, 
Ensign.  New  Haven,  Robert  Treat,  Capt. ;  Thos.  Munson,  Lieut. ; 
Sami.  Newton,  Ensign.  Fairfield,  Mr.  Thos.  Fitch,  Capt. ; 
Jehu  Burr,  Lieut. ;  Matthew  Sherwood,  Ensign.  The  following 
November  Major  Talcott  was  appointed  Commander-in-chief  of 
all  the  forces ;  Major  Robert  Treat,  second  in  command ;  Thos. 


468 


king  Philip’s  war. 


Bull  superseded  Capt.  Newbury;  Wm.  Curtice  was  appointed 
instead  of  Mr.  Fitch;  Capt.  Nash  succeeded  Major  Treat;  and 
Thos.  Trowbridge  was  made  Commissary. 

In  1675,  the  Captain  of  the  New  Haven  Company  was  Wil¬ 
liam  Roswell,  and  the  Lieutenant,  Thomas  Trowbridge.  In  the 
militia,  the  quota  of  a  full  company  was  sixty-four  men,  and  en¬ 
titled  the  company  to  a  captain.  Thirty-two  members  gave  right 
to  a  lieutenant,  and  twenty-four  to  sergeant.  A  similar  rule, 
perhaps,  applied  to  a  troop,  with  different  numbers. 


WINDSOR  TROOPERS  (1676). 


of  Rates,”  at  Windsor,  is  found  the  follow- 


In  an  old  “  Book 
ing  list  of  troopers :  . 

Capt.  John  Bissell. 
John  Bissell  jr. 

Nathl.  Bissell. 

Capt.  Daniel  Clark. 
Edward  Chapman. 
Thomas  Strong. 


John  Horsford. 
Anthony  Hoskins. 
Daniel  Hayden. 
Joseph  Loomis. 
Nathl.  Loomis. 
John  Terry. 


Capt.  Sami.  Marshall. 
John  Moses. 

Thomas  Moore. 

Mr.  John  Porter. 

Mr.  Henry  Sanders. 
Mr.  Henry  Wolcott. 


The  militia  officers  in  Connecticut,  just  previous  to  Philip’s 
War,  were  as  follows,  so  far  as  records  show: 


Farmington.  — William  Lewis,  Capt. ;  John  Standly,  Lieut.,  1674. 
Guilford.  —  George  Bartlet,  Lieut. ;  Sam1.  Kitchel,  Ensign,  1665 ; 
John  Graves,  Ensign,  1667. 

Hartford.  —  John  Allyn,  Capt. ;  Thomas  Watts,  Lieut. ;  Nathl. 
Standley,  Ensign,  1673-5. 

Milford.  — Robert  Treat,  Capt. ;  William  Fowler,  Lieut.,  1665-6. 
New  Haven.  —  John  Nash,  Capt.;  Thomas  Munson,  Lieut.,  1665; 
and  John  Miles,  Ensign,  1673.  Nath1.  Merriman,  Sam1.  Whitehead, 
Roger  Allyn,  and  James  Bishop,  Serg48. 

Lyme.  —  William  Waller,  Lieut.,  1671. 

Norwich. — Francis  Griswold,  Lieut.;  Thos.  Tracy,  Ensign,  1665; 

John  Mason,  Lieut. ;  Thomas  Leffingwell,  Ensign,  1672. 

Norwalk. — John  Olmsted,  Ensign,  1674. 

New  London. — Waitstill  Winthrop,  Capt.;  James  Avery,  Lieut.; 

Gabriel  Harris,  Ensign,  1665. 

Rye. — Joseph  Horton,  Lieut.,  1666. 

Saybrook.  — Rob4.  Chapman,  Capt.,  1675  ;  Wm.  Pratt,  Lieut. ;  William 
Waller,  Ensign,  1661. 

Stamford. — Jona.  Sellick,  Capt.,  1675. 

Stonington.  —  Thomas  Minor,  Capt.,  1665;  Samuel  Mason,  Lieut., 
1672. 

Stratford.  —  William  Curtis,  Capt. ;  Joseph  Judson,  Lieut. ;  Stephen 
Barrett,  Ensign,  1672. 

Wallingford. — Nathaniel  Merriam,  Lieut.,  1672;  Sam1  Munson, 
Ensign,  1675. 

Wethersfield.  —  Samuel  Wells,  Capt.,  1670;  John  Chester,  Lieut., 
1672  ;  William  Goodrich,  Ensign,  1665. 


APPENDIX. 


469 


MASSACHUSETTS  COLONY. 

GOVERNORS  AND  DEPUTY  GOVERNORS. 

John  Endicott,  1629,  1644,  1649,  1655-1665. 

John  Winthrop,  1630-1634,  1637-1640,  1642-1644,  1646-1649. 
Thomas  Dudley,  1634,  1640,  1645,  1650. 

John  Haynes,  1635. 

Henry  Vane,  1636. 

Richard  Bellingham,  1641,  1654,  1665-1672. 

John  Leyerett  (acting),  1672. 

John  Leyerett,  1673-1679. 

Simon  Bradstreet,  1679-1686. 

DEPUTY  GOVERNORS. 

Thomas  Dudley,  1629-’34,  ’37-’40,  ’46-’50,  ’51-’53. 

Roger  Ludlow,  1634. 

Richard  Bellingham,  1635,  ’40,  ’53,  ’55-65. 

John  Winthrop,  1636,  ’44-46. 

John  Endicott,  1641-’44,  ’50,  ’54. 

Francis  Willoughby,  1665-’71. 

John  Leverett,  1671-73. 

Samuel  Symonds,  1673-’78. 

Simon  Bradstreet,  1678-1686. 

EARLIEST  MILITARY  AFFAIRS. 

Two  soldiers  came  to  America,  in  the  company  with  Win¬ 
throp,  who  were  employed  to  instruct  the  men  of  the  new  colony 
in  military  tactics,  and  direct  any  warlike  operations  which  might 
become  necessary  in  defence  of  their  settlement.  The  first  was 
John  Underhill,  who  had  been  an  officer  in  the  army  in  the  Neth¬ 
erlands,  and  had  seen  service  in  Ireland  and  at  Cadiz.  We  have 
had  some  notice  of  him  in  the  account  of  the  Pequod  war,  in 
which  he  bore  an  honorable  part.  He  joined  the  church  in  Bos¬ 
ton  soon  after  his  arrival,  and,  until  after  the  Pequod  war,  was  in 
authority  and  good  standing  in  the  colony.  Was  chosen  deputy 
in  1684.  He  was  evidently  impatient  of  civil  and  ecclesiastical 
authority,  and  did  not  easily  endure  command.  He  became  an 
adherent  of  Mrs.  Hutchinson,  and  for  taking  sides  with  Mr. 
Wheelwright,  was  disfranchised,  with  many  other  notables. 
Governor  Winthrop  devotes  much  space  to  the  details  of  Captain 
Underhill’s  trial  by  both  court  and  church.  He  is  shown  to  have 
been  not  only  unsound  in  doctrine  and  disobedient  to  the 
authority  of  the  magistrates,  but  dissolute  in  character.  He 
evidently  was  a  handsome  and  somewhat  dashing  officer,  making 
much  of  his  soldierly  appearance  and  abilities.  He  was  popular, 
too,  and  of  winning  address,  for  when  he  was  banished  from 
Massachusetts  and  went  to  join  Wheelwright  at  Exeter  he  was 


470 


king  philip’s  war. 

chosen  governor  by  the  people  at  Dover  in  place  of  Bnrdet. 
After  a  turbulent  rule  of  some  two  years  he  was  removed  from  his 
office,  and  returned  to  Boston,  and  having  made  humble  confession 
in  church  and  court,  obtained  pardon  for  past  offence,  and  soon 
after  removed  to  the  Dutch  settlements  on  Hudson  River,  where 
the  governor  gave  him  command  of  a  company  against  their 
Indian  enemies.  After  the  decisive  battle  at  Stricklands  Plain, 
which  settled  the  Dutch  supremacy  over  the  Indians,  Captain 
Underhill  settled  at  Flushing,  L.I.  He  was  afterwards  in  public 
service,  and  received  a  large  grant  of  land  from  the  Indians, 
which  has  remained  down  to  a  late  day  in  the  possession  of  his 
descendants.  Through  his  sons  John  and  Nathaniel  (perhaps 
others),  he  has  had  many  and  honorable  descendants  of  his  name, 
and  through  his  daughters,  of  other  names,  equally  respectable. 
In  his  will,  of  Sept.  16,  1671,  he  calls  himself  of  Killingworth, 
Oyster  Bay.  His  story  of  the  Pequod  war  is  valuable.  Of  the 
other  soldier,  Daniel  Patrick,  who  came  over  with  the  Winthrop 
fleet,  Governor  Winthrop  writes :  “  He  was  entertained  by  us  out 
of  Holland,  where  he  was  a  common  soldier  of  the  Prince’s  guard, 
to  exercise  our  men.  We  made  him  a  captain  and  maintained 
him.  Afterwards  he  was  admitted  to  the  church  at  Watertown 
and  made  a  freeman.  But  he  grew  very  proud  and  vicious,  for 
though  he  had  a  wife  of  his  own,  a  good  Dutch  woman,  and 
comely,  yet  he  despised  her  and  followed  after  other  women.” 
It  seems  that  he  was  haughty  and  insolent  in  manner,  dissolute 
in  character,  and  when  threatened  with  the  process  of  law  fled  to 
the  Dutch  at  Manhattan.  He  served  in  the  Pequod  war,  though 
with  small  credit,  and  seems  to  have  been  mixed  up  with  some 
conflict  between  the  Dutch  and  Indians  in  1643,  in  which  he 
had  dealt  treacherously  with  a  company  of  the  Dutch  and  had 
to  flee.  He  came,  it  is  said,  to  the  house  of  his  old  comrade, 
Underhill,  then  living  near  Stamford,  Conn.  The  Dutch  pur¬ 
sued  him  there,  and  when  their  leader,  in  a  personal  interview, 
was  grossly  insulted  by  Patrick,  he  shot  him  through  the  head. 

Some  intimation  of  the  warlike  preparations  made  by  the 
Massachusetts  company,  before  embarking,  may  be  seen  by  the 
following  item,  preserved  in  the  records : 

26 :  February,  1628. 

Necessaries  conceaved  meete  for  our  intended  voiadge  for  Newe  Eng¬ 
land  to  bee  prepared  forewith. 

For  our  5  peeces  of  ordnance,  long  sence  bowght  and  paid  ffor,  John 
Humphry  is  intreated  &  doth  promise  forewith  to  cause  to  bee  de¬ 
livered  to  Samuel  Sharpe,  who  is  to  take  care  —  having  fytt  cariadges 
made  for  them.  Armes  for  100  men :  — 

3  drums,  to  ech  2  pere  of  hedds ;  2  ensignes  ;  2  partizans,  for  capten 
&  lieftenant ;  3  halberts,  for  3  sarjants ;  80  bastard  musketts,  wth  snap- 
hances,  four  ffoote  in  the  barrill,  without  rests ;  6  long  ffowlinge  peeces 
wth  muskett  boare,  6  ffoote  longe,  £ ;  4  longe  ffowlinge  peeces,  wth 


APPENDIX. 


471 


bastard  muskett  boare,  5J  ffoote  longe;  10  ffull  musketts,  4  ffoote  bar- 
rill,  wtk  matchcocks  and  rests ;  — 90  bandeleeres,  for  the  musketts,  ech 
wth  a  bullett  bag;  — 10  home  fflaskes,  for  the  longe  fowling  peeces,  to 
hould  a  lb.  a  peece ;  &  100  swoordes,  and  belts  ;  —  60  corsletts,  &  60 

pikes;  —  12  bblls  powder,  8  barrills  for  the  forte, - 4  for  small 

shott ;  shott  1  lb.  to  a  bandeleere ;  8  peeces  of  land  ordnance  for  the 
forte,  whereof  5  alreddy  prouided ;  —  nameley :  2  demie  culverings, 
30  C.  weight  a  peece,  3  sackers,  ech  weinge  25  C.  wt ;  —  to  prouide ; 
—  1  whole  culvering,  as  longe  as  may  bee,  2  small  peeces  iron  drakes ; 
For  great  shott,  a  ffitt  proporcion  to  the  ordnance ;  A  sayne,  being,  a 
nett  to  fish  with. 

For  the  first  years  after  the  settlement  of  the  towns  of  the 
Massachusetts  Colony,  the  military  operations  were  confined  to 
keeping  “guards  and  watches,”  and  the  organization  of  the 
militia  was  incomplete.  Casual  mention,  here  and  there  in  the 
Colonial  Records,  show  that  many  of  the  towns  had  officers 
with  the  titles  of  Captain,  etc.,  but  of  whose  election  no  record 
is  found. 

For  instance  we  find,  July  26,  1631 : 

Mr.  Francis  Aleworth  is  chosen  Lief  tenant  with  Capt.  Southcoate. 

We  find  no  record  of  his  choice  to  that  office.  It  was  Richard 
Southcoate  of  Dorchester.  At  the  first  Captains  Underhill  and 
Patrick  were  in  command  of  the  military  in  all  the  towns,  with 
weekly  training-days  in  charge  of  sergeants  under  their  direction. 
Sept.  28,  1630,  a  tax  of  <£50  was  levied  upon  the  towns,  from 
Watertown  to  Weymouth,  to  support  these  officers.  In  1631, 
Capt.  Underhill  held,  each  month,  two  general  trainings  of  his 
company  at  Boston  and  Roxbury,  and  of  those  at  “  Charlton, 
Misticke  and  the  newe-towne  ”  at  another  date.  A  better  organ¬ 
ization  of  the  militia  was  effected  in  1636,  and  a  better  idea  may 
be  given  by  arranging  names  according  to  that  appointment, 
though  some  of  the  officers  were  chosen  earlier.  Three  regi¬ 
ments  were  organized,  one  for  each  County,  Suffolk,  Middlesex 
and  Essex. 

OFFICIAL  ROSTER  OF  MASSACHUSETTS  MILITIA. 

FIRST  REGIMENT. 

Col.  John  Winthrop,  Sr.,  1636. 

Lieut.  Col.  Thomas  Dudley,  Sr.,  1636. 

Companies. 

Boston.  —  Capt.  John  Underhill,  1630;  Lieut.  Richard  Morris,  1633; 

Lieut.  Edward  Gibbons,  Ensign  Robert  Harding,  1636. 

Roxbury.  —  Lieut.  Richard  Morris,  1634,  and  at  the  Castle. 
Dorchester. — Capt.  Israel  Stoughton,  Lieut.  Nathaniel  Duncan, 

Ensign  John  Holman,  1636-7. 


472 


king  philip’s  war. 


In  the  other  towns,  Hingham,  Weymouth,  etc.,  officers  were  not  at 
this  time  chosen. 


SECOND  REGIMENT. 

Col.  John  Haynes,  Cambridge. 

Lieut.  Col.  Roger  Harlakenden,  1636. 

Charlestown. — Capt.  Robert  Sedgwick,  1636-7. 

Newtowne.  —  Capt.  George  Cooke,  Lieut.  William  Spencer,  Ensign 
Samuel  Shepard,  1636. 

Watertowne. — Capt.  William  Jennison,  1636-7. 

Concord.  — Lieut.  Simon  Willard,  1636-7. 

Dedham.  —  No  officers  mentioned. 


THIRD  REGIMENT. 

Col.  John  Endecot,  of  Salem. 

Lieut.  Col.  John  Winthrop,  Jr.,  1636. 

Saugus. — Capt.  Nathl.  Turner,  1634;  Lieut.  Daniel  Howe,  Ensign 
Richard  Walker,  1636-7. 

Salem.  —  Capt.  Wm.  Traske,  Lieut.  Richard  Davenport,  Ensign 
Thomas  Reade,  1636-7. 

Ipswich.  —  Capt.  Daniel  Denison,  1636-7  ;  John  Whittingham,  Lieut. ; 
Thomas  Howlett,  Ensign. 

Newbury.  —  Capt.  John  Spencer,  1636-7;  Lieut.  Edward  Woodman, 
May,  1637. 

In  1638  “  The  Military  Company  of  the  Massachusetts  ”  was 
organized,  and  granted  special  encouragement  by  the  Court. 
Robert  Keayne  was  chosen  Captain.  This  was  the  first  indepen¬ 
dent  military  company  in  Boston,  and  became  an  element  of  great 
influence.  From  the  first  it  has  been  made  up  of  picked  men. 
It  was  a  training  school  and  authority  in  military  art ;  and 
membership  in  its  ranks  became  a  badge  of  honorable  military 
service.  This  company  became  the  celebrated  “  Ancient  and 
Honorable  Artillery  Company,”  the  oldest  and  most  notable 
military  organization  now  existing  in  America.  A  complete 
history  of  this  company  has  been  lately  prepared  with  great  care 
by  Rev.  Oliver  A.  Roberts. 

In  the  year  1644  the  title  “  Colonel  ”  was  dropped,  and  “  Major  ” 
became  the  title  of  the  chief  regimental  officers.  Serjeant  Major 
General  was  the  title  of  the  chief  military  officer  in  the  colony. 
Thomas  Dudley,  Esq.,  was  the  first  chosen  to  that  office,  May  29, 
1644.  The  officer  was  chosen  from  the  assistants,  and  was  a 
member  of  the  General  Court.  In  June,  1645,  the  choice  of 
Majors  of  Regiments  was  left  to  the  popular  votes  of  each  Regi¬ 
ment.  The  title  Major  General  soon  took  the  place  of  the 
former,  Serjeant  being  dropped. 


APPENDIX. 


473 


MAJOR  GENERALS  OF  MASSACHUSETTS. 


Thomas  Dudley,  1644-45. 
John  Endecott,  1645-49. 
Edward  G-ibbons,  1649-’52, 
and  1654-’55. 

Robert  Sedgwick,  1652-53. 


Daniel  Denison,  1653-54,  1655- 
’61,  1662-’63,  and  1674-1681. 
Humphrey  Atherton,  1661-62. 
John  Leverett,  1663-1673. 

Daniel  Gookin,  1681-1686. 


The  Colonial  records  are  somewhat  meagre  and  uncertain 
in  relation  to  the  organization  of  the  local  military  companies 
through  many  years. 

About  the  time  of  the  opening  of  Philip’s  War,  there  were  regi¬ 
ments,  or  parts  of  regiments,  in  each  of  the  six  counties. 

A  roster  of  the  officers  of  these  regiments,  as  far  as  can  be 
learned  from  the  records,  may  be  of  interest : 


SUFFOLK  REGIMENT. 
Major,  Thomas  Clarke. 


Capt. 

1st.  James  Oliver. 

2d.  Thomas  Savage. 
3d.  Thomas  Clarke. 
4th.  William  Hudson. 
5th.  Daniel  Henchman. 
6th.  John  Richards. 
7th.  Thomas  Clarke,  jr. 
8th.  John  Hull. 


Lieut. 

Elisha  Hutchinson. 
Benjamin  Gillam. 
Thomas  Lake. 
Nathaniel  Reynolds. 
Hugh  Drury. 
Matthew  Barnard. 
Enoch  Greenleaf. 
Theophilus  Frary. 


Isaac  Johnson. 
Hopestill  Foster. 
Richard  Brackett. 

Daniel  Fisher. 


BOSTON  COMPANIES. 


ROXBURY. 

Samuel  Ruggles. 

DORCHESTER. 

John  Capen. 

BRAINTREE. 

Edmund  Quincy. 

DEDHAM. 

William  Avery. 


Ensign. 

Ephraim  Turner. 

Daniel  Turell. 
Richard  Woody. 
John  Wing. 
Anthony  Checkley. 
Penn  Townsend. 
Benjamin  Thirston. 

John  Boles  (  ?) . 

Richard  Hall. 


Robert  Twelves. 


Nathaniel  Stearns. 


Medfield.  — George  Barber,  Capt. ;  Henry  Adams,  Lieut. 
Weymouth.  —  John  Holbrook,  Lieut. 

Hingham. — Joshua  Hubbard,  Lieut. 


SUFFOLK  TROOP. 

William  Davis,  Captain.  Jacob  Elliot,  Cornet. 

Thomas  Brattle,  Lieutenant.  Timothy  Dwight,  Corporal. 

Thomas  Swift,  Quartermaster. 


474 


king  philip’s  war. 

MIDDLESEX  REGIMENT. 


Major  Daniel  Gookin. 

Capt. 

Daniel  Gookin. 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Lieut.  Ensign. 

James  Trowbridge.  Joseph  Cooke  (?). 

Lawrence  Hammond. 

CHARLESTOWN. 

Joshua  Tidd.  John  Cutler. 

Simon  Willard. 

CONCORD. 

Timothy  Wheeler.  William  Busse. 

James  Parker. 

GROTON. 

William  Lakin.  Nathaniel  Lawrence. 

John  Carter. 

WOBURN. 

William  Johnson.  James  Converse. 

Chelmsford.  — Thomas  Hinchman,  Lieut. ;  William  Fletcher,  Ensign 
Billerica. — Jonathan  Danforth,  Lieut. ;  James  Kidder,  Ensign. 
Malden.  — John  Wayte,  Capt. 

Lancaster.  —  Henry  Kerly,  Lieut. 

Reading. — Jonathan  Poole,  Capt.;  John  Damon,  Lieut. 

Sudbury.  — Edmund  Goodnow,  Capt. ;  Josiah  Haynes,  Lieut. 
Watertown.  —  Hugh  Mason,  Capt.  ;  Richard  Beers,  Lieut. 

MIDDLESEX  TROOP. 

Thomas  Prentice,  Capt.  John  Wyman,  Cornet. 

Edward  Oakes,  Lieut.  Matthew  Bridge,  Quartermaster. 


Capt. 

Daniel  Denison. 

ESSEX  REGIMENT. 

Major  Daniel  Denison. 

IPSW7CH. 

Lieut.  Ensign. 

Samuel  Appleton.  Thomas  Burnham. 

SALEM. 

1st.  Joseph  Gardiner.  John  Price.  John  Higginson. 


2d.  John  Corwin. 

Richard  Leach.  John  Pickering. 

William  Gerrish. 

NEWBURY. 

John  Pike.  Benjamin  Swett. 

Samuel  Brocklebank. 

ROWLEY. 

Philip  Nelson.  John  Johnson. 

APPENDIX. 


475 


Marblehead.  —  Francis  Johnson,  Lieut. ;  Richard  Norman,  Ensign. 
Andover.  —  Dudley  Bradstreet,  Capt. 

Lynn. — John  Fuller,  Ensign. 

Beverly.  — Thomas  Lathrop,  Capt. 

FIRST  ESSEX  TROOP,  SALEM  AND  LYNN. 

George  Corwin,  Capt.  Thomas  Putnam,  Lieut.  Walter  Price,  Cornet. 

SECOND  ESSEX  TROOP,  IPSWICH  AND  NEWBERY. 

John  Appleton,  Capt.  John  Whipple,  Cornet. 

An  independent  Cavalry  Company  called  the  “  Three  County  Troop,” 
raised  at  large  in  Suffolk,  Middlesex,  and  Essex,  was  organized  1658/9. 

Edward  Hutchinson,  Capt.,  1659,  John  Tuttle,  Lieut.,  William 
Haisy,  Cornet,  1665. 


HAMPSHIRE  REGIMENT. 

Major,  John  Pynchon. 

SPRINGFIELD. 

Capt.  Lieut.  Ensign. 

Elizur  Holyoke.  Thomas  Cooper.  Benjamin  Cooley. 

Northampton.  — William  Clarke,  Lieut. ;  David  Wilton,  Ensign. 
Hadley.  —  Samuel  Smith,  Lieut. ;  and,  in  1678,  were  commissioned, 
Aaron  Cooke,  Capt. ;  Philip  Smith,  Lieut. ;  and  Joseph  Kellog, 
Ensign. 

Westfield.  —  Samuel  Loomis,  Ensign. 

Hatfield.  — Daniel  Warner,  Ensign. 

HAMPSHIRE  TROOP. 

John  Pynchon,  Capt.  William  Allis,  Lieut. 

Joseph  Whiting,  Cornet.  George  Colton,  Quartermaster. 


(OLD)  NORFOLK  REGIMENT. 
Major,  Robert  Pike. 


Capt. 

Thomas  Daniel. 


Nathaniel  Saltonstall. 


Richard  Cutts. 


PORTSMOUTH. 

Lieut. 

Walter  Neale. 

HAVERHILL. 

George  Brown. 

GREAT  ISLAND. 

Elias  Stileman. 


Ensign. 

Samuel  Keys. 
James  Pecker. 


Joachim  Harvey. 


476 


king  philip’s  war. 


Hampton.  —  John  Sanborn,  Ensign. 

Salisbury.  —  Thomas  Bradbury,  Captain. 

NORFOLK  TROOP. 

Robert  Pike,  Capt.  William  Vaughan,  Lieut. 


YORK  REGIMENT. 

Sergeant  Major,  Richard  Waldeme. 

Major,  Brian  Pendleton. 

KITTERY. 

Capt.  Lieut.  Ensign. 

Charles  Frost.  Roger  Plais ted.  John  G-attinsley. 

SCARBOROUGH. 

Joshua  Scottow.  Andrew  Alger.  Richard  Hunnewell,  1681. 

York.  — Job  Alcocke,  Lieut. ;  Arthur  Bragdon,  Ensign. 

Saco.  — William  Phillips,  Capt. 

Newichewannock. — John  Wincoll,  Capt. 

Wells.  — John  Littlefield,  Lieut. ;  Francis  Littlefield,  jr.,  Ensign. 
Falmouth  (Casco)  .  —  George  Ingersol,  Lieut. 


DEVONSHIRE  MILITIA. 

Lieut.  Thomas  Gardiner,  of  Pemaquid,  Commanding. 

Sagadahoc.  — Thomas  Humphreys,  Sergt. ;  James  Middleton,  Corp. 
Damerill  Cove  &  Hippocras.  —  John  Bessell,  Sergt. 

Monhegin. — John  Dolling,  Sergt. 

Cape  Nawaggen.  —  Robert  Gamon,  Sergt. 

The  militia  of  the  towns  not  mentioned  in  the  above  lists, 
were  placed  under  local  sergeants,  as  training-officers,  and  are 
not  found  upon  the  records  of  the  Colony,  from  which  I  have 
gathered  this  roster,  page  by  page,  as  did  another  gleaner  from 
the  same  field,  some  twenty  years  ago,  —  Gen.  E.  W.  Peirce,  of 
Freetown,  Mass.  I  can  testify  to  the  fidelity  of  his  labors.  I 
find  that  the  results  of  my  own,  made  independently,  agree 
generally  with  his.  I  have  not  attempted  to  record  all  the 
officers  appointed  in  the  colonies,  but  only  such  as  were  serving 
near  the  time  of  the  two  great  wars. 

CAPT.  MOSELY’S  VOLUNTEERS. 

The  following  list  may  be  of  interest,  as  showing  the  discrep¬ 
ancy  in  spelling,  when  compared  with  the  lists  in  chapter  second 
of  this  volume. 


APPENDIX. 


477 


A  List  of  Captain  Samuell  Mosselys  Company  taken  at  Dedham  the 
9th.  Day  of  Xber  1675  :  — 


Samuel  Mossely,  Capt. 
Lieut.  Peris  Sauige 
Daniel  Mathews 
James  Johnson 


|  Serjeants 


Dennis  Siky,  Clerke 
Edward  Wesson  ) 

Jno.  Fuller  (  ^  „ 

Richard  Barnam  |  orPora  8 
Samuel  Fosdick  ) 


James  Smith 
John  Farmer 
Richard  Brien 
Frauncis  Earle 
Jno.  Canterbery 
Samuel  Kemble 
James  Updeicke 
Richard  Adams 
Jno.  Bouckman 
Joseph  Touchwill 
Thomas  Region 
Jno.  Yeates 
Jonathan  Nicholls 
Jonathan  Weals 
Peter  Leane 
John  Ramsye 
Edward  Weaden 
Andrew  Johnson 
Jno.  Crosse 
Tymothye  Arnane 
Benjemin  Dayer 
Jno.  Ayrson 
Jno.  Dunbare 
Samuel  Guild 
Samuel  Veile 
Jonathan  Freeman 
Jno.  Plimpton 
William  Blacke 
Jno.  Willingstone 
Jno.  Turner 
Tymothy  Weals 
Bolthomy  Flag 
Richard  Gibson 
Thomas  Warren 


William  Blacke, 
Anthony  Backer 
Jno.  Rise 
Frauncis  Siddall 
Jno.  Sherman 
Jno.  Cooper 
Jno.  Leigh 
James  Franklin 
William  Phillips 
Mathew  Thomas 
James  Morgan 
Hugh  Collohane 
Jeremias  Stockes 
James  Digenton 
Joshua  Silverwood 
Thomas  Bull 
William  Beateman 
1  Daniel  McKennys  and 
1  Jno.  Aruell 
Thomas  Hackerbery 
Benjeman  Allen 
Frauncis  Bourgis 
Nicholas  Greene 
William  Good 
Jno.  Cook 
Jno.  Brandon 
Jno.  Cousier 
Richard  Hopkins 
Jno.  Stebence 

From,  Malden 

Thomas  May 
James  Chadwicke 


Jno.  Winsleed 
Jno.  Mudge 
Edmond  Chamberline 
Jno.  Rosse 
Jno.  Puinder 

2  James  Wealsh 

Charlestowne  men 

Hen:  Swaine 
Thomas  Dauis 
Samuell  Leman 
William  Burt 
Jno.  Monsall 
Joseph  Dawse 
NatUaniell  Keane 
George  Grimes 
Edward  Walker 
Joseph  Low 
Jno.  Essery 
Jno.  Shepard 
Jacob  Cole 
Dauid  Jones 
3Benj.  Latrope  jr. 
3Thos.  Weals  jr. 

3  Jno.  Trumball  jr. 

Dedham 

Sami.  Colborne 
John  Day 
Robt.  Weare 
Abra.  Hartway 
Henry  Ellitroop 


(Mass.  Archives,  vol.  67,  p.  293.) 


THE  ANCIENT  MANUAL  OF  ARMS. 

I  have  not  found  any  authority  showing  the  manual  of  arms 
or  military  tactics  in  use  at  the  time  of  the  Pequod  War;  but 
perhaps  in  that  quaint  old  library  of  Myles  Standish,  in  his  vol¬ 
ume  of  “  Banff’s  Artillery,”  or  that  “  parcell  of  old  bookes  of 


1  both  ran  away  with  their  arms 


*  not  apeare 


3  not  appears 


478 


king  philip’s  war. 


divers  subjects  in  quarto,”  mentioned  in  bis  inventory  (1655), 
might  have  been  found  the  manual  from  which  were  drawn  the 
“regulations  ”  of  the  early  New  England  militia. 

From  an  old  English  treatise,  quoted  in  “  Grose’s  Antiquities,” 
I  find  the  following  extracts  : 

There-fore  the  souldier  must  accustom  himself  to  bear  a  peece  or  a 
pike.  If  he  bear  a  peece,  he  must  first  learn  to  hold  the  same :  to 
accommodate  his  match  between  his  two  foremost  fingers  and  his  thumb, 
and  to  plant  the  great  end  on  his  breast  with  a  gallant  souldier-like 
grace ;  and  being  ignorant,  to  the  intent  he  may  be  more  encouraged, 
let  him  acquaint  himself  first  with  the  firing  of  the  touch-powder  in 
his  panne,  and  so  by  degrees  both  to  shoote  of,  to  bow  and  bear  up  his 
body,  and  so  consequently  to  attaine  to  the  levell  and  practise  of  an 
assured  and  serviceable  shot ;  readily  charge  and  with  comely  couch 
discharge,  making  choise  at  the  same  instant  of  his  marke,  with  a  quick 
and  vigilant  eye ;  his  flaske  and  touch-box  must  keep  his  powder,  his 
purse  and  mouth  his  bullets.  In  skirmish,  his  left  hand  must  hold  his 
match  and  peece  and  the  right-hand  use  the  office  of  charging  and 
discharging  ...  let  him  ever  first  load  his  peece  with  powder  out 
of  his  flaske,  then  with  her  bullet,  and  last  with  annuring  and  touch- 
powder,  foreseeing  ever  that  the  panne  be  cleare,  the  cover  close,  the 
touchhole  wide,  or  else  well-proined,  etc. 

From  the  same  work  above  quoted,  in  tables  illustrated  with 
quaint  pictures,  I  find  the  following  manual : 

1.  March  with  your  rest  in  your  hand.  2.  March,  with  your  Musket 
carry  your  rest.  3.  Unshoulder  your  Musket.  4.  Poise  your  Musket. 
5.  Join  your  rest  to  your  Musket.  6.  Take  forth  your  Match.  7. 
Blow  off  your  Coal.  8.  Cock  your  Match.  9.  Try  your  Match.  10. 
Guard  blow  and  open  your  pan.  11.  Present.  12.  Give  fire.  13. 
Dismount  your  Musket.  14.  Uncock  your  Match.  15.  Return  your 
match.  16.  Clear  your  pan.  17.  Prime  your  pan.  18.  Shut  your 
pan.  19.  Cast  of  your  loose  powder.  20.  Blow  of  your  loose 
powder.  21.  Cast  about  your  Musket.  22.  Trail  your  rest.  23.  Open 
your  charge.  24.  Charge  your  Musket.  25.  Draw  forth  your  scour¬ 
ing  stick.  26.  Shorten  your  scouring  stick.  27.  Put  in  your  Bullet  & 
Ram  home.  28.  Withdraw  your  scouring  stick.  29.  Shorten  your 
scouring  stick.  30.  Return  your  scouring  stick.  31.  Recover  your 
Musket.  32.  Poise  your  Musket  and  recover  your  rest.  33.  Rest 
your  Musket.  34.  Draw  out  your  Match.  35.  Blow  your  Match. 
36.  Cock  your  Match.  37.  Try  your  Match.  38.  Guard  your  pan. 
39.  Present.  40.  Give  fire.  41.  Come  up  to  your  Musket.  42. 
Return  your  Match.  43.  Take  up  your  rest.  44.  Blow  off  your  loose 
powder  and  cast  about  your  Musket.  45.  Trail  your  rest  &  open 
your  charge^  46.  Bring  up  your  Musket.  47.  Poise  your  Musket 
&  recover  your  Rest.  48.  Shoulder  your  Musket. 

Halberds  and  pikes  had  their  proper  manuals  in  this  work,  but 
were  of  little  use  in  Indian  warfare,  and  we  hear  nothing  of  them 


APPENDIX. 


479 


in  active  service.  The  above  manual,  if  ever  in  use  in  the  col¬ 
onies,  was  superseded,  some  time  before  Philip’s  War,  by  Elton’s 
“  Compleat  Body  of  the  Art  Military.”  Elton’s  formula  differs 
slightly  in  language  from  the  preceding,  and  has  eight  more 
commands,  which  relate  to  the  putting  on  and  taking  off  of 
accoutrements. 

Troopers  were  armed  with  a  sword,  and  either  two  pistols  or  a 
carbine,  to  each  man.  After  pikemen  were  discarded  in  active 
service,  the  soldiers  were  furnished  with  long  knives,  with 
handles  to  fit  into  the  muzzles  of  their  muskets,  for  close-quarter 
fighting ;  and  these  were  replaced  by  bayonets,  named  from  the 
place  of  their  first  manufacture,  Bayonne,  in  France  ;  these  were 
at  the  first  fitted  into  the  muzzles  of  the  guns.  The  regulation 
musket  had  a  barrel  four  feet  in  length.  In  1673  the  Court 
ordered  from  England  “  five  hundred  new  Snaphances  or  fire-lock 
Musketts,  for  the  country’s  use.”  At  the  same  time  they  ordered 
from  Bilboa  sixty  cannon,  or  “  great  gunns,”  of  the  dimensions 
viz. :  “  twelve  whole  culverin,  twelve  demy  culverin  cutts,  sixteen 
sakers,  and  twenty  or  thirty  shott,  proportionable  for  each  gun.” 
The  cannon  were  mostly  for  coast  defence,  being  useless  in  Indian 
warfare. 


CAPTIVES. 

The  following  accounts  show  the  harsh  custom  of  the  times, 
and  reveal  a  source  of  Colonial  revenue  not  open  to  our  country 
since  that  day. 


ACCOUNT  OF  CAPTIVES  SOLD  BY  MASS.  COLONY. 


August  24th ,  1676. 


John  Hull’s  Journal  page  398. 


Captives  Cr.  By  Sundry  Acc’pt9  Viz. 

Isaac  Waldron  for  a  Boy  .  .  .  .  . 

Ephraim  Savage  for  2  girles  . 

Samuel  Shrimpton, 

4  Squawes,  3  girls,  2  infants 
1  old  man,  3  squawes  &  2  for  one  returned  by 
order  ....... 

1  man  ........ 

Samuel  Lynd  for  1  maid  .  .  .  .  . 

Thomas  Smith, 

1  girl  and  2  men  ...... 

10  Squawes,  8  papooses,  &  1  man  . 

2  Lads,  Viz.  Pomham  &  Matoonas 
1  Woman,  4  little  children  . 


£(•  8*  d.  •  8.  d. 

.  3  00  00 
.  04  10  00 


30  00  00 

09  00  00 
02  12  00 


.  03  10  00 

09  10  00 
25  00  00 
07  00  00 
05  12  00 


47  02  00 


|  41  12  00 


480 


king  philip’s  war. 


£. 

e. 

d. 

£. 

8. 

d. 

Samuel  Symons,  Esq. 

For  1  Boy  and  Girl 

•  • 

•  • 

• 

• 

05 

00 

00 

George  Perkes 

For  2  Boyes 

06 

00 

00 

John  Mors 

For  1  Girle  . 

# 

•  • 

•  • 

.  02 

00 

001 

For  2  Girles  . 

# 

•  • 

•  • 

.  07 

00 

00 

»  12 

00 

00 

For  1  Boy  . 

• 

•  • 

•  • 

.  03 

00 

00  J 

John  Mann,  for  1  Girle 

•  • 

•  • 

• 

• 

03 

00 

00 

Thomas  Davis,  for  1  Boy 

•  • 

• 

• 

03 

00 

00 

Daniel  Henchman, 

for  1 

squawe 

&  infant . 

* 

• 

02 

10 

00 

Samuel  Mosely, 

1  Boy  &  Girle 

•  • 

•  • 

.  06 

00 

00 

o  £ 

nn 

13  Squawes  &  papooses  wounded  1  sick 

.  20 

00 

00 

>  zo 

UU 

uu 

Timothy  Batt,  for  1  squawe 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

15 

00 

- Rawlings, 

1  squawe 

•  • 

• 

• 

03 

00 

00 

September  23 ,  1676. 

Thomas  Smith  for  41  (captives) 

•  • 

• 

• 

82 

00 

00 

Isaac  Waldron  for  1 

•  • 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

Richard  Middlecott  for 

6 

•  • 

• 

• 

10 

00 

00 

James  Meares 

U 

2 

•  • 

• 

• 

03 

10 

00 

Samuel  Apleton 

U 

3 

•  • 

• 

• 

04 

00 

00 

John  Buttolph 

(( 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

01 

15 

00 

William  Gilbert 

u 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

George  Sphere 

u 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

William  Needham 

tc 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

00 

05 

00 

Thomas  Grant 

u 

5 

•  • 

• 

• 

08 

01 

00 

David  Waterhous 

ct 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

James  Whitcomb 

u 

13 

•  • 

• 

• 

14 

15 

00 

John  Turner 

u 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

Ann  Shepcutt 

u 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

01 

15 

00 

Richard  Wharton 

u 

8 

•  • 

• 

• 

08 

00 

00 

- Rawlins 

u 

3 

•  • 

• 

• 

04 

10 

00 

John  Wait 

u 

4 

•  • 

• 

• 

04 

10 

00 

Josiah  Flynt 

u 

2 

•  • 

• 

• 

03 

15 

00 

Samuel  Leach 

u 

2 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

Jarvis  Ballard 

u 

2 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

James  Meares 

u 

2 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

08 

00 

John  Mason 

u 

1 

•  • 

• 

• 

02 

00 

00 

Benjamin  Gibbs 

u 

8 

•  • 

• 

• 

05 

00 

00 

APPENDIX  B,  THIRD  EDITION. 


CONTAINING  CORRECTIONS  AND  ADDITIONS,  WITH  A  SPECIAL 

INDEX  TO  THE  SAME. 

It  has  been  the  purpose  in  this  work,  from  the  beginning,  to  in¬ 
clude  only  such  facts  and  names  as  rest  upon  undoubted  evi¬ 
dence,  and  many  have  been  disappointed,  doubtless,  to  find  that 
ancestors  whose  service  in  Philip’s  War  rested  solely  upon  tradi¬ 
tion  have  not  found  a  place  in  these  pages.  The  basis  of  the 
work  was,  at  first,  the  Treasury  accounts  of  John  Hull,  and  a  brief 
reference  to  the  preface  to  this  book  will  show  that  the  compiler 
does  not  claim  to  have  exhausted  the  possibilities  of  research. 
The  Treasurer’s  accounts  of  Plymouth  and  Connecticut  Colo¬ 
nies,  unfortunately,  have  not  been  preserved,  and  the  names  of 
their  soldiers  have  been  saved  only  in  casual  lists,  petitions,  etc., 
and  in  the  Narraganset  land-grants,  where  Plymouth  was  in¬ 
cluded  with  Massachusetts,  and  the  Connecticut  Yoluntown 
Grants.  In  the  latter  colony  only  those  who  “  volunteered  ”  their 
services  were  supposed  to  receive  grants  of  land,  while  in  Mas¬ 
sachusetts,  including  Plymouth,  when  the  grants  were  made,  all 
who  served  in  the  Narraganset  campaign  were  considered  eligible 
to  the  lists  of  Narraganset  Grantees.  I  have  found  some  special 
acts  in  the  Province  Laws,  granting  regular  shares  upon  petition 
to  soldiers  who  served  in  other  campaigns,  in  place  of  some  whose 
names  have  been  entered  twice,  by  mistake.  In  the  case  of  John 
Bull  of  Hingham,  in  his  petition  to  the  General  Court,  in  1703, 
for  help,  he  states  that  he  was  “  impressed  ”  into  his  Majesty’s 
service  in  the  company  of  Capt.  Johnson  and  was  wounded  in  the 
battle  at  the  fort,  etc.,  so  that  we  see  here  an  impressed  soldier 
who  in  1733,  fifty-five  years  later,  received  a  Narraganset  grant. 
(See  ante ,  p.  433,  last  name.) 

CORRECTIONS  AND  CHANGES  TO  BE  MADE  IN  THE 
PRECEDING  PAGES  OF  THIS  VOLUME. 

Page  32.  12th  line,  for  Springfield ,  read  Northampton  and  Hadley. 

Page  37.  16th  line,  for  Deerfield ,  read  Hatfield. 

Page  94.  In  the  20th  line,  for  Quabang ,  read  Quabaug. 

Page  103.  In  the  8th  line,  for  Rev.  Peter ,  read  Rev.  Edward ,  Bulk- 
eley. 

Page  110.  In  22d  line,  read  of  the  night  instead  of  for  the  night. 


482 


KING  PHILIP  S  WAR. 


Page  111.  In  16th  line  from  bottom,  change  last  word  am,  to  was. 

Page  160.  Second  name,  James  Levins  had,  removed  to  Hatfield. 

Page  138.  In  Capt.  Lathrop’s  Company,  under  date  Feb.  29, 
1675/6,  for  the  name  Stephen  Warman ,  read  Stephen  Waiman  (i.e., 
Wayman  or  Wyman).  See  on  page  137,  Russell’s  list,  the  name  is 
Steven  Welman. 

Page  156.  Foot-note,  third  line,  for  Illja,  read  EUja. 

Page  159.  Lieut.  Henry  Bowen  was  buried  in  the  old  Cemetery  at 
Woodstock ,  Conn. 

Page  159.  6th  line  from  the  bottom,  for  July  10,  read  July  18. 

Page  162.  In  Capt.  Johnson’s  list  of  Dorchester  men,  at  bottom 
of  page,  for  Plummer ,  read  Plum.  Compare  Hull’s  list  above,  under 
July  24. 

Page  163.  In  the  list  of  wounded  of  Capt.  Johnson’s  Company, 
for  Jos.,  read  Jn°.  Watson ,-  and  in  same  list,  after  Jn°.  Faxton  of 
Hingham,  add  Jn°.  Bull.  Here  we  have  nine  names,  while  the  count 
is  “  eight”  in  the  original  document.  Also  page  190,  in  the  “  Sum¬ 
ming  up,”  the  number  is  said  to  be  “  eight,”  but  it  is  evidently  a  mis¬ 
take  in  the  original  count.  All  in  the  list  are  identified  either  in  the 
other  lists  or  the  rolls  of  Grantees,  except  Jn°.  Faxton,  of  whom  I  find 
no  mention  elsewhere.  Isaack  King,  of  Weymouth,  is  Hezekiah,  on 
page  162. 

Page  166.  In  list  of  Capt.  Gardiner’s  men  from  Salem,  third  name, 
for  Bradell ,  read  Beadle ;  compare  eighth  name  on  page  165. 

Page  199.  In  2d  paragraph,  for  Brackett ,  read  Brockets. 

Page  233.  8th  line  from  the  bottom,  for  1669 ,  read  1670,  and 
same  in  18th  line  from  the  bottom. 

Page  258.  The  year  of  Capt.  Poole’s  birth  was  1635. 

Page  259.  In  7th  line,  read  in  the  Connecticut  Valley  towns. 

Page  284.  In  9th  line  from  the  top,  for  1676/7  read  1675/6. 

Page  350.  In  list  of  Sandwich  men  slain,  for  Daniel,  read  David, 
Bessey.  In  same  list  at  the  end,  John  Fitz ,  probably  means  John 
Fitch.  Mr.  Arnold  in  “Vital  Record  of  Rehoboth,”  mentions  Thomas 
Man,  of  Rehoboth,  who  was  wounded  in  the  fight ;  compare  page  430, 
first  name. 

Page  393.  In  next  to  last  paragraph,  relating  to  the  Mohegans,  I 
may  add,  that  Massachusetts  Colony,  Sept.  16,  1654 ,  in  order  to  insure 
the  good  faith  of  XJncas,  sent  two  men,  John  Gilbert  and  John  Bagley  to 
live  in  that  Chiefs  fort. 

Page  420.  Date  of  meeting  in  Cambridge  should  be  December  20, 
1733. 

Page  427.  Under  Rehoboth  soldier  Grantees,  for  John  Hull,  read 
John  Hall,  and  for  Josiah,  read  Jasiel,  Perry.  The  old  Proprietors’ 
record-book  of  No.  4  is  next  to  impossible  to  decipher  in  these  lists, 
but  from  other  references  we  identify  the  persons. 

Page  439.  In  the  list  of  Barnstable  names,  seventh  from  the  bottom, 
for  Cops  read  Cobb.  [See  Province  Laws,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  657.] 

Page  463.  In  the  list  of  Rehoboth  names,  middle  column,  after  the 
name  John  Martin,  insert  the  name  John  Hall.  Compare  list  on  page 
427  and  correction  above. 


APPENDIX. 


483 


“  ADDITIONAL  NAMES  OF  SOLDIERS  AND  OTHERS  WHO  HAD  SOME  PART 
IN  THE  INDIAN  WAR  OF  1675  TO  1678,  GATHERED  FROM  VARIOUS 
SOURCES.” 


“List  of  names  of  inhabitants  of  Rehoboth  who  contributed  in  act¬ 
ual  service  or  in  other  ways  towards  Plymouth  Colony’s  expenses  in 
the  war.” 


£ 

s. 

d. 

£ 

s. 

<i . 

George  Kendrik, 

11 

13 

1 

Gilbert  Brooks, 

3 

14 

10 

Jonathan  Fuller, 

1 

18 

8 

David  Smith 

4 

17 

5 

Jo  Miller,  Sr., 

6 

5 

4 

James  Rede  wav,  Sr., 

5 

14 

4 

Joseph  Buckland, 

6 

3 

0 

Preserved  Abell, 

rr 

! 

15 

1 

Wid.  Abraham  Perem, 

14 

2 

0 

William  Buckland, 

2 

9 

0 

Rice  Leonard, 

2 

0 

6 

Benjamin  Buckland, 

James  Gilson, 

4 

18 

2 

with  a  loss  of  a  gun, 

4 

3 

10 

An  Perry, 

14 

0 

2 

Samuel  Peck, 

9 

2 

8 

George  Robinson, 

4 

12 

0 

John  Fitch, 

John  Perem 

1 

13 

10 

with  a  loss  of  a  gun, 

13 

6 

4 

William  Carpenter, 

8 

17 

3 

Thomas  Willmarth,  Sr., 

6 

12 

3 

John  Titus,  Sr., 

5 

6 

3 

Francis  Stephens, 

1 

10 

6 

Samuel  Carpenter, 

11 

19 

5 

Joseph  Peck, 

2 

10 

0 

Widow  Sabin, 

1 

7 

6 

David  Burs, 

17 

8 

John  Ormsby, 

2 

15 

0 

John  Savage, 

2 

6 

8 

Josiah  Palmer, 

1 

10 

10 

Richard  Martin, 

1 

5 

4 

John  Butterworth,  Jr., 

3 

11 

5 

Thomas  Grant, 

9 

0 

Thomas  Read, 

8 

14 

4 

Dea.  Nathaniel  Cooper, 

8 

0 

0 

Stephen  Paine,  Jr., 

10 

11 

5 

Samuel  Sabin, 

4 

14 

2 

Robert  Miller, 

5 

17 

6 

Eldad  Kingsley, 

9 

4 

Wid.  Mason, 

13 

5 

10 

Wid.  Carpenter, 

6 

0 

6 

Wid.Rachal  Read, 

Daniel  Allen, 

14 

0 

with  a  gun  lost, 

4 

3 

0 

Samuel  Humes, 

9 

0 

John  Kingsley, 

2 

4 

0 

Noah  Mason, 

15 

0 

Moses  Reade, 

4 

1 

10 

John  Jonson, 

16 

0 

John  Reade,  Sr., 

13 

18 

11 

Jeremiah  Wheaton, 

3 

0 

William  Sabin, 

15 

5 

8 

Obadiah  Bowen, 

2 

17 

0 

Nathaniel  Paine, 

100 

0 

0 

Nathaniel  Foulsom, 

5 

6 

Samuel  Reade, 

17 

10 

Eben  Amidown, 

1 

6 

Thomas  Wilmarth,  Jr., 

7 

4 

John  Crossman, 

2 

6 

John  Wilmarth, 

1 

2 

4 

Benjamin  Sabin, 

1 

0 

6 

Joseph  Chaffee, 

1 

8 

8 

James  Rede  way,  Jr., 

5 

6 

Samuel  Bullock, 

12 

3 

William  Blanding, 

7 

0 

John  Carpenter, 

1 

18 

6 

Daniel  Smith, 

87 

11 

7 

John  Titus,  Jr., 

2 

7 

7 

John  Peck, 

4 

12 

6 

Nathaniel  Chaffee, 

3 

16 

6 

Deacon  Walker, 

26 

0 

0 

Robert  Fuller, 

4 

10 

3 

John  Allen,  Jr., 

16 

0 

Richard  Bowen, 

4 

4 

8 

John  Dagget, 

11 

3 

h 

Rebecca  Hunt, 

1 

7 

10 

Samuel  Newman, 

4 

17 

10 

John  Hall, 

1 

1 

6 

Joseph  Sabin, 

1 

17 

0 

Total 

484.  5. 

5 

From  Bliss’  History  of  Rehoboth. 


484 


king  Philip’s  war. 


SOLDIERS  MENTIONED  IN  THE  PROVINCE  LAWS 
OF  MASSACHUSETTS  BAY  AS  HAVING  RECEIVED 
BOUNTIES  OR  PENSIONS  FOR  SERVICES  IN 
THE  WAR  OF  1675. 

John  Bull  (or  Booll).  Province  Laws,  Vol.  VIII.,  pp.  28  and 
291. 

His  petition,  here  copied  from  Mass.  Archives,  Vol.  70,  p.  631, 
is  so  illustrative  of  the  times,  and  gives  such  a  picture  of  his  con¬ 
dition  after  the  battle,  and  is  also  such  direct  testimony  of  one 
who  was  in  the  fight,  that  I  include  it  here  verbatim. 

“To  His  Exelency  Joseph  Dudly  Esqu  Cap  Jenerall  Gouernor  and 
Commander  in  Cheef  in  and  ouer  Her  Magistis  prouince  of  the  Mase- 
tusits  Bay  in  Nuingland  and  Honered  Councle  and  Represen tatiues  in 
jenerall  Court  assembled.  The  petision  of  John  Booll  humbly  shueth 
y1  in  the  yere  1675  your  humble  petisinor  was  impresed  in  to  His 
Magistis  seruis  and  marched  to  Naregansit  fort  fight  under  ye  Com¬ 
mand  of  Cap  Johnson  who  was  there  slaine  in  Battel  myself  sorely 
wounded  by  A  bulet  being  shot  into  my  back  aftor  I  was  wounded  I 
was  caried  some  twenty  mils  in  a  uery  could  Night  and  laid  in  A  could 
chamber,  a  wooden  pillo  my  couering  was  ye  snow  the  wind  droue  on 
me  a  sad  time  to  war  in  to  be  wounded  the  (then)  in  a  lettle  time  I  was 
moued  to  Rodisland  from  thence  horn  to  Hingham  where  I  remained 
two  yers  and  upward  helples  my  diit  and  tendence  cost  the  cuntery  not 
one  peny  after  I  came  home  had  I  not  bin  heped  by  my  Naighbors  and 
frinds  I  had  perished  before  this  day  but  in  time  through  gods  good- 
nes  to  me  I  atained  to  so  much  strenght  that  I  came  to  do  some  small 
labor  thow  with  much  paine  by  reson  the  bullit  is  in  my  body  to  this 
day  but  now  age  coming  on  and  natorall  forse  begin  to  abate  my  former 
pains  do  increas  upon  euery  letel  could  or  chang  of  wether  by  reson  of 
my  wound  I  lost  my  arms  and  so  many  clothes  as  at  lest  was  worth 
fower  pound  Yet  not  with  standing  all  this  your  humble  petisinor  neuer 
reciued  one  peny  neither  for  his  wegis  los  of  time  diit  nor  smart  and 
paine  which  I  indured  abundanc  which  is  a  greef  to  me  and  a  great  dis- 
corregement  to  others  for  seruing  in  the  lik  servis  when  thay  se  and 
here  my  misfortin  it  may  be  said  whi  was  this  let  alone  so  long  I 
humbly  answare  I  was  pore  and  helples  not  haveing  mony  which  is  one 
sine  of  busines  the  pore  man  was  forgot  to  this  day  I  do  humbly 
creaue  youer  Exelency*  and  honnors  would  take  your  pore  petisionors 
case  [in?)  to  your  concideretion  and  do  as  in  your  wisdom  you  shall 
think  meet  to  help  a  pore  wound  soulder  to  his  jurnis  ind  I  hope  the 
God  of  Heauen  will  bless  you  with  sperituall  and  temperall  blesings 
and  I  shall  as  bound  in  duty  ever  pray.” — 

John  Booll. 

Mass.  Archives,  Vol.  70,  page  631. 

This  petition  was  presented  in  the  House  of  Representatives, 
July  2,  1703,  and  referred  to  a  Committee  consisting  of  David 
Hobart,  James  Hawkes,  Thomas  Andrews,  Samuel  Thaxter, 


APPENDIX. 


485 


Thomas  Thaxter,  Samuel  Lincoln,  upon  whose  favorable  report, 
July  10,  1708,  together  with  a  certificate  from  John  Cutler 
(probably  Dr.  John  Cutler  of  Boston),  who  testifies  that  John 
Bull,  of  Hingham,  was  dangerously  wounded  in  the  back  at  the 
Narraganset  fight  in  the  year  1675,  and  continued  lame  for  two 
years  and  “  hath  benlmpard  Ever  since  for  his  labor  or  Business.” 
The  House  voted  July  30,  to  grant  the  petition,  and  the  Council 
concurred  in  the  same  and  the  Governor  consented  to  it,  and  the 
order  for  payment  for  that  year  was  passed  Aug.  5,  1703, 
and  also  voted  an  annual  pension  of  two  pounds,  which  the 
Province  Treasurers’  accounts  show  was  paid  up  to  July  30, 

1719.  He  died,  it  is  said,  Dec.  1,  1720. 

James  Marshall,  ante ,  pp.  76  and  363,  show  service  in  the 
summer  of  1676  under  Capt.  Mosely,  and  at  Medfield  Garrison. 
And  Province  Laws,  Yol.  IX.,  p.  652,  give  an  account  of  his 
service  as  a  soldier  of  the  province  for  upwards  of  twenty  years, 
besides  his  service  in  the  Narraganset  War  is  set  forth,  and  an 
order  is  passed  by  the  House  to  take  him  from  the  Boston  poor- 
house,  and  maintain  him  at  the  Castle,  at  the  public  charge  (Ses¬ 
sion  of  1719-20). 

Jonathan  Jackson  of  Scituate,  ante ,  pp.  217,  362,  and  464,  ser¬ 
vice  at  Marlborough  Garrison,  and  in  the  Narraganset  campaign. 
Province  Laws,  Vol.  IX.,  p.  660,  House  passed  an  order  June  10, 

1720,  granting  a  pension  of  four  pounds  per  annum ,  during  his 
natural  life. 

John  Ruggles  and  William  Sawyer  are  entered  on  the  lists  of 
Narraganset  Grantees,  Dec.  28,  1733.  Province  Laws,  Yol.  XI., 
p.  694,  and  compare  ante ,  pp.  416  and  439. 

John  Hobbs,  in  the  list  of  those  killed  at  “  Bloody  Brook  ”  Sept. 
18,  1675,  ante,  pp.  136,  139.  In  Province  Laws,  Yol.  XII.,  p.  74, 
Col.  Richard  Kent,  as  his  nephew  and  sole  heir,  represents  that 
his  uncle  was  slain  in  the  “Narraganset  War,”  and  receives  a 
grant  of  three  hundred  acres  of  land  in  full  for  his  own  and  the 
said  John  Hobbs’  services,  Dec.  17,  1735.  Here  evidently  the 
term  “Narraganset  War”  was  used  loosely,  as  John  Hobbs  was 
killed  three  months  before  the  campaign  against  the  Narragan- 
sets  was  begun.  The  Council  evidently  did  not  analyze  the  term 
closely,  but  “  lumped  ”  the  claim  with  the  colonel’s  own. 

Peter  Prescote  of  Boxford.  Name  was  not  listed,  through 
neglect,  and  land  is  granted  to  the  town  of  Boxford  for  the  sup¬ 
port  of  his  widow.  Compare  ante ,  p.  166,  Capt.  Gardiner’s 
Company,  Peltes  means  Pettee  or  Peter.  Province  Laws,  Yol. 
XII.,  p.  74. 

John  Fiske,  ante,  p.  241,  middle  column,  third  name,  “left 
wounded  by  Capt.  Lathroppe,”  now,  April  7,  1676,  under  Capt. 
Turner.  A  regular  Narraganset  share  was  granted  to  his  heirs 
in  the  lists  in  place  of  any  claim  accidentally  entered.  Province 


486 


king  philip’s  war. 


Laws,  Vol.  XII.,  p.  240,  petition  of  his  son  John  Fiske  of  Hadham, 
Colony  of  Conn. 

Benjamin  Rockwood,  of  Wrentham,  is  granted  a  pension  for 
services  and  sufferings  in  the  Indian  War  called  Philip’s  War. 
Province  Laws,  Vol.  XIII.,  p.  192;  see  ante ,  p.  453. 

Much  interesting  legislation  relating  to  the  services  of  soldiers 
in  the  Indian  wars  is  found  in  the  Province  Laws,  and  it  is  a 
matter  of  surprise  that  the  committees  on  the  Narraganset  Grantees 
were  able  to  make  their  report  so  full  and  complete  that  very  few 
of  those  soldiers  entitled  to  grants  were  overlooked,  and  that  so 
few  not  entitled  got  claims  allowed. 

I  have  received  a  few  additional  names  of  Connecticut  soldiers, 
said  to  have  served  in  the  Narraganset  Fort  fight. 

From  the  records  of  the  town  of  Wallingford,  copied  by  Mr. 
George  M.  Curtis,  of  Meriden,  Conn.,  we  find  that  grants  of  land 
were  made  for  service  in  the  Indian  War,  Feb.  14,  1686,  to 
Lieut.  Nathaniel  Merriman,  and  subsequently  to  the  heirs  of 
Nathaniel  Merriman,  Jr.,  who  was  killed  in  the  Narraganset  Fort 
fight,  John  Moss,  Jr.,  Jabez  Brockett,  Samuel  Brockett,  Joseph 
Benham,  Jr.,  John  Doolittle,  and  Roger  Tyler. 


Special  index  to  Names  in  Appendix  B. 


Abell . 

Allen . 

Amidown. .. 
Andrews. . . . 

Arnold . 

Bagley . 

Beadle  I 
Bradell  J  ' ' ' 

Benham . 

Bessey . 

Blanding.... 

Bliss . 

Bowen . 

Brackett  / 
Brockett  J 

Brooks . 

Buckland ... 
Bulkeley. . . . 
Bull  / 

Booll  (  "" 

Bullock . 

Burs . 

Butterworth 

Carpenter... 

Chaffee . 

Cobb  / 

Cops  | . 

Cooper . 

Crossman . . . 

Curtis . 

Cutler . 

Dagget . 

Doolittle . . . . 

Dudly . 

Faxton . 


Page 

. . 483 

. 483 

. . 483 

. 484 

. 482 

. 482 

. 482 

. 486 

. 482 

. 483 

. 483 

. 482,  483 

. 482,  486 

. 483 

. 483 

. 481 

481,  482,  484,  485 

. . . 483 

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. 483 

. 483 

. 483 

. 482 

. 483 

. 483 

. 486 

. 485 

. 483 

. 486 

. 484 

.  482 


Fiske . 

Fitz  ( 
Fitch  (  ‘ " 
Foulsom  . . 

Fuller . 

Gardiner  . 
Gilbert. . . . 
Gilson  .... 

Grant . 

Hall . 

Hawkes... 
Hobbs  .... 
Hobart. . . . 

Hull . . 

Humes. . . . 

Hunt . 

Jackson  .. 
Johnson  j 
Jonson  j 
Kendrik  . . 

Kent . 

King . 

Kingsley.. 
Lathrop... 
Leonard  .. 
Levins . . . . 
Lincoln . . . 

Man . 

Marshall . . 
Martin.... 
Mason  ... 
Merriman. 

Miller . 

Mosely. . . . 
Moss . 


Page 

. 485,  486 

. 482,  483 

. 483 

. 483 

. 482,  485 

. 482 

. 483 

. 483 

. 482,  483 

. 484 

. . 486 

. 484 

. 481,  482 

. 483 

. . 483 

.  485 

..481,482,  483,484 

. 483 

. 485 

. 482 

. 483 

. . 482,  485 

. 483 

. 482 

. 485 

. 482 

. 485 

. 482,  483 

. . 483 

. 486 

. . 483 

. . 485 

. . 486 


Page 

Ormsby... 

Paine . 

. 483 

Palmer. . . . 

Peck . 

Perem  . . . . 

Perry . 

Plum  J 

Plummer  ( 

Poole . 

Prescote . . 

Read  j 
Reade  i 

. 483 

Rede  way.. 

Robinson  . 

Rockwood 

Ruggles. . . 

Sabin . 

Sawyer  . .. 

. 485 

Savage . . . . 

Smith . . . . . 

Stephens.. 

Thaxter  .. 

Titus . 

Turner.... 

Tyler . 

Uncas . 

Waiman  1 

W  arman  1 
Wyman  i 

Welman  J 
Walker . . . 

Watson  . . . 

. 482 

Wheaton  . 

Wilmarth, 

INDEX  OF  NAMES 


[No  extended  analysis  of  the  relations  of  names  has  been  attempted  in  this  Index.  The 
dash,  connecting  two  numbers,  indicates  that  all  pages,  between  the  two,  also  contain  the  name.] 


A. 

Abbey,  154-157. 

Abbot,  100,  166,  167, 
206,  372, 382,  421,  423, 
437. 

Abdee,  365,  373. 

Abell,  444,  463. 

Abett  (Abbot). 

Aboquacemoka,  304. 

Abram,  394. 

Acy,  82,  83,  413. 

Adams,  58,  71,  72,  74, 
81-83,  122,  123,  155, 
157,176,  207,  217,239, 
264,272,  273,  281,284, 
360,  362, 364,  367,  369, 
370,  413,414,  419,  422, 
435,  437,  448,  473,  477. 

Adderton  (Atherton). 

Addington,  59,  60,  77, 
78,  289,  316. 

Adis,  222. 

Ager  (Alger). 

Ahaton,  81,226,397,402. 

Ahmus,  180,  192. 

Albey,  86. 

Alcock,  365,  476. 

Alden,  407,  459. 

“Alderman,”  39,  388. 

Aldis,  368. 

Aldrig,  93,  448. 

Aleworth,  471. 

Alexander,  24,  136,  250, 
252,  254,  286,  377,  426, 
451. 

Alger,  |  75,  81,  85,  100, 

Algar,  )  118,  222,  265, 

298,  326,  339,  357, 

476. 


Alhort,  358,  370. 

Aliston,  52,  64. 

Allanson,  332. 

Allen,  (  64,  71,  75,  81, 

Allin,  ]  137,  166,  167, 

177,  224,  225,  234, 241, 
259,  346,  347,358,  360, 
366-368,  372,  413,  428, 
431,439,  450,  458,463, 
466-468,  477. 

Allerton,  1. 

Alley,  137, 138. 

Allice,  )  152,  247,  265, 

Allis,  \  475. 

Almie,  49. 

Alson,  93. 

Alsop,  255. 

IS,!  250-  252.466' 

Alvord  (Alvard). 

Amie,  24. 

“Amos,”  35,  348. 

Amsden,  52,  170,  171, 
272,273,  375,436,  448. 

Anderson,  61-63, 115. 

Andrew,  296,  303. 


Andrews,  55, 82,  83, 100, 
138,  167,  283,  363,  413, 
424,  452,  461. 

Andros,  41,  43,  84,  158, 
170,  200,  277,  319,  346, 
455,  464. 

Angel,  51,  222,  368. 

Annawon,  39,  385,  388. 

Apequinash,  112. 

Appleton,  )  23,  33,  68- 

Appelton,  )  70,  79,  83, 

116,  132,  134,  139, 140, 
142-158,  174,  179,  181, 
182,  187,  190,201,219, 
258,  259,  266, 268,  282, 
289,  413,  415,  436,  437, 
474, 475,  480. 

Archer,  460. 

Ardway,  155,  157. 

Armes,  240,  250,  252, 
423. 

Armstrong,  443,  445. 

Arnane,  477. 

Arnell,  )  52,  241,  259, 

Arnold,  \  260,  261, 

366,  431,  433,  477. 

Arnold  (Arnell). 

61,  62. 

.  357. 

Aruell  (Arnell). 

Asee  (Acy). 

Ashamaway,  166. 

Ashby,  155. 

Ashcraft,  443,  444. 

Ashden,  336. 

Ashdowne,  240,  247, 

250. 

Atherton,  21,  56,  58, 
122,  245,  250,  252,  264, 
281,  368,  437,  473. 

Atkeson,  260,  274. 

Atkins,  162,  170,  281, 
368,  440,  452,  461. 

Atkinson,  171. 

Auger  (Alger). 

Augustine,  133,  362. 

Austin,  63. 

Avery,  36,  383,  441,  442, 
445,  446,  467,  468,  473. 

Avis,  240,  248,  452. 

Awashonks,  29,  462. 

Ayres,  109,  115,  116, 
207,  346,  372,  432. 

Ayreson  (Ireson). 


Arnouson,  ) 
Aronson,  ) 
Artsell.  118, 


B. 

Babb,  59. 

Babbitt,  461. 

Babcock,  )  75,  94,  100, 
Badcock,  (  202,  220, 

222,  239,  364,  369,  444, 
446. 

Babson,  240,  421. 


Bachelder,  114, 166, 167, 
170-172,  276,  420,  423. 
Bacheler  (Bachelder). 
Backaway,  176,  177. 
Backua  (Backaway). 
Backus,  234. 

Bacon,  171,  225,  367, 
368. 

Bagley,  447. 

Bagnell,  178. 

Bagwell,  450. 

Bailey,  (  58,  137,  138, 
Bayly,  (  140, 369, 414, 

415,  423,428. 

Baker,  )  64,  150,  162, 
Backer,  (  167,  170-172, 
176,  177,  197,207,217, 
222,226,231,241  250, 
252, 265,  310,  313,  338, 
359,  362,  367,  376,  413, 

422,  427,  432,  439,  442, 
445,  452,  477. 

Balch,  137,  138. 
Baldwin,  170,  286,  356, 
374,  435,  436. 

Ball,  93,  250,  252,  274, 
353, 360,  419,  435. 
Ballard,  82,  83,  86,  166, 
167,  277,  358,  406,  422, 

423,  480. 

Bancroft,  258,  359,  424. 
Barbeane,  172,  273,  358, 
376. 

Barber,  13,  52,  176,  216, 
250,  252,  338,  361,  450, 
466,  473. 

Bardell,  )  241,247,250, 
Bard  well,  (  252,289,361. 
Barge,  332. 

Barker,  100,  166,  167, 
183,  273,  289,  371,  372, 
423,  439,  440,  462. 
Barlow,  429. 

Barnam,  64,  74,  83,  176, 

428,  439,  477. 

Barnard,  94,  137,  171, 

239,  248,  272-274,  356, 
359,  418-420,432,473. 
Barnes,  161,  175,  176, 
210,  211,  231,  457,  466. 
Barney,  232,  302. 
Barrel!,  23, 240, 417, 422. 
Barrett,  51,  83,  93,  94, 
121,  183,  184,  210,  241, 
261,  264,  272,  276,  277, 
286,  334,  339,  373,  374, 

429,  437,  448,  468. 
Barron,  68, 273, 366, 375. 
Barrow,  386. 

Barsham,  137,  171. 
Barstow,  53,  279,  349, 

355,  376. 

Bartholomew,  159. 
Bartlett,  157,  162,  236, 
413,  414,  416,  468. 


Barton,  55,  363. 

Bashaba,  299. 

Basse,  162,  364,  367, 
433,  447. 

Bassen,  334,  336. 

Bassett,  165,  166,  406, 
407,  422. 

Bassly,  76. 

Batchelor  (Bachelder). 

Bateman,  55,  71,  72,122, 
155,  170,  172,  240,  248, 
273,  274,  279,  359,  376, 
436, 477. 

Bates,  113,  114, 137,138, 
162,  236,  281,  360,  365, 
368,  433. 

Bath,  167. 

Bathrick,  417,  448. 

Batt,  178,  241,  361,  480. 

Battle,  285,  368. 

Baxter,  81,  439. 

Bayard,  168. 

Bayleff,  139. 

Beach,  1  286,  358,  373, 

Beech,  \  419,  448. 

Beadle,  165,  222,  282, 
363,  432. 

Beale,  161,  163,  285, 

433. 

Beames  (Bemish). 

Beamon,  122. 

Beau,  449. 

Beanes,  450. 

Bear,  355,  358. 

Beard,  184,  302,  452. 

Bearse,  439. 

Bearstow  (Barstow). 

Beck,  100. 

Beckett,  277,  451. 

Bedford,  157,  340. 

Bedortha,  250,  252. 

Bedwell,  155. 

Beebe,  443,  446. 

Beers,  32,  47,  66,  115, 
120,  121,  127-134,  139, 
143,  210,  241,  245,  250, 
252,  266,  272,  286, 376, 
382,  419,  450,  474. 

Beetle  (Beadle). 

Beffer,  100. 

Begalow,  )  170,171,272, 

Bigalo,  J  286,  376, 

Bigelovt,  )  418. 

Belcher,  75,  80,  81,  176, 
177,  197,  198,241,  266, 
278,  363,  364,  367,417, 
431. 

Belden  (Belding). 

Beldlng,  250,  252,  254, 
467,  468. 

Belinger,  166. 

Belin.s  (Billings). 

Belknap,  306. 

Bell,  166,  372,  421,  427, 
443,  461. 


488 


Bellingham,  234,  469. 
Bellows,  210,  211. 
Bemish,  176,  273,  360, 
376,  417,427. 

Bendy,  239. 

Benjamin,  286. 

Benner,  366. 

Bennett,  52,  73-75,  93, 
137-139,  151,  156,  177, 
178,181,  182,  207,  247, 
250,  252,  264,  285,  352, 
368,  409,432,  443,  445, 
446. 

Benson,  161,  163,  433. 
Bent,  210,  268. 

Bently,  51. 

Berbeane  (Barbeane). 
Berbeck  (Burbeck). 
Berd,  365. 

Bereman,  350. 
Beresford,  1  240,  248, 

Berrisford,  )  338, 375. 

Bernard,  273. 

Berry,  283,  371,  415, 
439,  451. 

Bersham,  272. 

Berstow  (Barstow). 
Besbedge,  429. 

Bessell  (Bissell). 
Bessey,  350,  429. 

Betell  (Beetle). 
Betokom,  399. 

Bever,  241. 

Bevis,  177. 

Bewly,  241. 

Bezoon,  339. 

Bickford,  334,  335,  336. 
Bicknell,  248,  272,  279. 
Bickner,  240,  273,  431. 
Biddle,  457. 

Bigelow  (Begalow). 
Bigford  (Bickford). 
Bignall,  285. 

Bigsby,  155,  157,  424. 
Bigulah  (Begalow). 
Bill,  100,  240,  361,  432, 

443  44ft  44.fi. 

Billings,  82,  83, 373,  435, 

444  445. 

Billington,  457. 

Bingly,  176,  177,  433. 
Birch,  56,  176,  177,  264, 

355,  444,  446. 

Bird,  265. 

Bisco,  81,  278. 

Bishop,  52,  72,  126, 241, 
259,  278,  356, 361,  367, 
368,  370,  371,  432,  449, 
468. 

Bissell,  465, 467,468,476. 
Bixbe  (Bigsby). 
Blachford,  466. 

Blacke,  71,  445,  477. 
Blaekleach,  152. 
Blackman,  265, 325, 452. 
Blackmore,  456. 

“  Black  Sachem,”  462. 
Blackston,  99. 
Blackwell,  177, 217, 362. 
Blake,  71,  72,  156,  281, 
350,  368,  370,  444, 452. 
Blanchard,  )  118,  154, 

Blanchor,  (  273, 285, 

286,  345,  357,  374,  430. 
Blanford,  224,  225. 
Blashfield,  166, 167, 423, 
424. 

Blighe,  94. 

Blinco,  52,  82,  83,  100, 
118,  357. 

Blincott  (Blinco). 
Blish,  439. 

Bliss,  441,  443,  445,  463. 
Blockwell  (Blackwell). 


king  Philip’s  war. 


Blood,  114,  373. 
Blumfield,  466. 

Bobit  (Babbitt). 
Boden,  166,  339,  422. 
Bodkin,  55,  118,  285, 
357. 

Bodman,56, 64, 100, 240, 
272,  373. 

Bodwell,  139,  413. 
Bogell,  177,  178. 

Bolch  (Balch). 

Bolen,  172. 

Boles  (Bolls). 

Bolls,  449,  473. 
Boltwood,  250,  252. 
Bond,  81,  249,  260,  265, 
272,  346,  356,  365,  372, 
376. 

Bonighten,  297. 
Bonney,  440. 

Boone,  100. 

Bordecot,  63. 

Bordman,  360, 458. 
Boseli,  414. 

Bosway,  240,  363. 
Boswell,  448. 

Bosworth,  161, 163,  222, 
368,  427. 

Bottes,  302. 

Boudage  (Bowditch). 
Bouden,  330,  334,  336. 
Boulter,  176,  177,  449. 
Bourle,  74. 

Bourne,  460,461. 
Boutell,  165,  424. 
Boutwell,  230. 

Bowden  (Boden). 
Bowditch,  133,211,319. 
Bowen,  159,  162,  163, 
183,  284,  285,  369,  426. 
Bowers,  373,  437. 
Bowes,  278. 

Bowman,  417,  419,  420. 
Bowser,  210. 

Boyd,  241,  356. 

Boyes,  263. 

Boyle,  176,  391. 
Boylston,  81. 

Boynton,  140,  154,  156, 
157,  165,  207,  260,  297, 
371,  413.  419,  424. 
Bozorth  (Bosworth). 
Brabrook,  154,  157. 
Brackenbury,  239. 
Brackett,  199,  279,  314, 
473. 

Bradbury,  416,  476. 
Bradell,  166. 

Bradford,  1,  4,  70,  153, 
173,  179,  183,  190, 191, 
196,  263,  429,  455,  457, 
459,  460,  461,  463,  464. 
Bradshaw,  249, 250,  252, 
254,  272,  365,  373. 
Bradstreet,  )  165,  316, 
Broadstreet,  )  371,469, 
475. 

Bragdon,  476. 

Bragg,  260. 

Braine,  221,  364. 
Brance,  349. 

Brand,  444,  446. 
Brandon,  64,  71,  72,  74, 
477. 

Brattle,  38,  65,  77,  79, 
88,  89,  123,  184,  261- 
264,  270, 417,  436,  464, 
473. 

Brattlebank  (Brockle- 
bank). 

Bray,  138,  260,  310,  449. 
Brayley,  100. 

Bread  (Breed). 

Brearly  (Briarly). 


Breck,  92. 

Breed,  (  86,  154,  157, 

Breid,'  \  278,  283,  371, 

406,  418,  420,  422. 

Brensmead  (  Brims- 
mead). 

Brewer,  116,  224,  225. 

Brewes,  224,  225. 

Brewster,  457,  458,  467. 

Brian,  71,  72,  477. 

Briar,  155,  157,  413. 

|£Sgr|i«,u7,i«. 

Brick,  430. 

Bridge,  81, 154, 474. 

Bridges,  100,  138,  139, 
157,  464. 

Bridgham,  366. 

Brigden,  272,  273,  274, 
374,  375. 

Briggs,  56,177,241,261, 
434,  449. 

Brigham,  210. 

Bright,  133,  171,  376, 
418. 


Brimsmead,  208,  210. 
Brine  (Brian). 
Brinkford,  365. 
Brinknoll  (Brintnall). 
Brintnall,  276,  277  ,  283. 
Brisantine  (Brissen- 
den). 

Brissenden,  )  56,  239, 

Bridentine,  j  240,  249, 
363. 


Brock,  166. 

Brocklebank,  35,  36, 

184,  201,  206,  207,  213, 
214,  216,  218,  220,  223, 
227,  228,  231,  413,  437, 
474. 

Brookin,  334,  336. 
Brooks,  51,  64,  65,  81, 
83,  122,  150,  215,  277, 
286,  290,  291,  376,  415, 
436,  448,  452. 
Broughton,  217,  240, 
248,  302,  362. 

Brown,  30,  31,  49,  51, 
58,  64,  73,  81-83,  114, 
139,  145,  154-157,  167, 
170-172,  176-178,  195- 
197,  207,  210,  224,  225, 
259,  260,  265,  272,  274, 
276,  277,  279,  283,  286, 
290,  292,  335,  336,  339, 
360,  363,  370-372,  413, 
415-417,  420,  423,  427, 
428,  435,  440,  448,  449, 
451,  459,  460,  462,475. 
Brunson,  466. 

Bryan,  207,  248,  261. 
Bryant,  239,  240,  361, 
429  439 

Buck,  272,  452,  456, 

464. 

Buckland,  464,  466. 
Buckley,  137,  138,  199, 
202,  247,  367,  435. 
Bucknall,  118,  357. 
Bucknam,  I  52,  58,  71, 
Buckman,  j  72,  114, 

248,  477. 

Buffingtog,  166,  427. 
Bugby,  55. 

Bulkeley,  103,  183. 
Bull,  11,  13,  14,  51,  71- 
74,  82,  153,  162,  174, 
181,  193,  281,  339,  359, 
360,  368,  376,407,  433, 

465,  466,  468,  477. 
Bullard,  63,  64,  82,  94, 

170,  171,  274,  419. 
Bulling,  364,  430. 


Bullis,  100,  273. 
Bullock,  138,  371,  421. 
Bump,  349. 

Bunce,  466. 

Bundy,  458. 

Bunker,  81,  85. 
Burbeck,  52,  64,  65, 

264. 

Burch  (Birch). 
Burdall,  272. 

Burdet,  470. 

Burdue,  436. 

Burford,  177. 

Burges,  51,  64, 100,  217, 
222,  239,  259,  261,  274, 
347,  362,  458,  477. 
Burk,  224,  376. 
Burkback  (Burbeck). 
Burley,  449. 

56,  240. 

Burnam,  82,  83,  413, 
428,  474. 

Burnap,  250,  252. 
Burnitt,  250. 

Burr,  259,  466,  467. 
Burrage,  334,  336,  337, 
339. 

Burrell,  161,  162,  207, 
260,  279,  371,  422, 433. 
Burridge  (Burrage). 
Burroughs,  )  279  ,  337, 
Burrows,  i  349, 458. 
Burt,  74,  225,  347,  418, 
477. 

Burton,  167,  241,  247, 
250,  451. 

Busbee  (Besbedge). 
Bush,  82,  126,  172,  359, 
361,  437,  448. 
Bushnell,  441-445. 
Bushrodd,  241,  250, 

252 

Buss, 170,  172,  435,  474. 
Butcher,  452. 

Butler,  76,  140,  154, 

156,  166,  177,  207,376. 
Butter,  274. 

Butterfield,  10. 
Buttolph,  480. 

Button,  136,  139. 
Buttrick,  112,  155-157, 
231,  272,  435. 

Byels,  423. 


Burnall,  ( 
Burnell,  j 


C. 

Cahan,  162,  362,  363. 

Cain,  222,  438. 

Cakebread,  365. 

Calder,  432. 

Call,  286,  418. 

Callen,  240. 

Callender,  234. 

Calley,  277. 

Callicott,  389. 

Cammock,  325. 

Canada,  )  53,  72,  93, 

Cannede,  j  360. 

Cann,  55,  83,  176,  177, 
347. 

Canonchet,  28,  34-36, 
112, 123,  200,  203,  237, 
243,  349,  377,  379-384. 

Canonicus,  4,  6, 8,9, 12, 
20,  181,  192,  203,  307, 
381,  385. 

Cantelbury,  71,  72,  433, 
477. 

Canterberry  (Cantel- 
berry). 

Cantrell,  92. 

Capen,  452,  473. 

Card,  41,  311. 

Carmon,  439. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES, 


489 


Carpenter,  180,  192, 

204,  381,  426,  463. 

Carr,  172,  260,  359. 

Carter,  81,  137,172,286, 
375,  448,  450,  474. 

Cartey,  449. 

Carthew,  239. 

Cartland,  371,  450. 

Carver,  1,  455. 

Cary,  165,  166,  273,  279, 
359,  374,  428. 

Casasinamon,  23,  383. 

Saeey,!72-17^178- 

Cask,  283,  370. 

Castin,  211. 

Catapazat,  383. 

Cattlin,  240. 

Chadburne,  314. 

Chadwell,  155,  157,  165, 
260,  371. 

Chadwick,  72,  74,  171, 
272,  273,  376,  477. 

Chafe,  207. 

Cham,  450. 

Chamberlaine,  73,  74, 
163,  240,  251,252,259, 
260,  274,  359,  361, 365, 
366,  368,  426,  429,  431, 
447,  477. 

Champine,  375. 

Champlin,  334, 443,  444. 

Champnes,  (Champ- 
ney). 

Champney,  57,  83,  265, 
404,  417. 

Chandler,  407,  408,  420, 
425,  432,  434,  435,  438, 
458. 


Chapin,  251,  252. 
Chaplin,  241. 

Chapman,  51, 82,  83,100, 
138, 240,  273,  278,  283, 
356,  368,  374,  468. 
Chappie,  240,  444,  445, 
452,  466. 

Chard,  239,  240,  361. 
Charles,  443,  446. 
Charles  II.,  391. 

Chase,  154,  157,  249, 
251,  252,  254,  413,  439, 
458. 


Cheberrina,  310. 
Checkley,  325,  473. 
Cheek,  420. 

Cheekanoe,  389. 
Cheesebro,  443,  445. 
Cheevers,  )  58, 100,  134, 
Chevers,  (  207,  211, 

217,  239,  248,  264,  360, 
362,  368,  373,  417,  428. 
Chenary,  131, 132. 

Cheyn^.j  56-162*  413‘ 
Chesly,  296. 

Chessom,  336,  337. 
Chester,  83,  467,  468. 
Chickering,  289. 

Child,  131-133,  161,  282, 
283,  376,  451. 

Childs,  350,  426,  439. 
Chittenden,  349. 

Chrisp,  71, 122, 177,  272, 
359,  360. 


Christian,  93. 

Chub,  58,  240,  259,  261, 
361,  370. 

Chubbuck,  382. 

Church,  28,  29  ,  39,  48, 
52,  65,  73,  75-77,  80, 
84,  91,  164,  179,  ISO- 
182,  186,  188,  191, 196, 
198,  204,  247,  251,  253, 
256,  264,  273,  360,  374, 


376,  385-388,  427,  428, 
457,  461,  462. 

Churchill,  339,  345. 

Chute,  260,  413. 

Claghorn,  439. 

Clap,  23,  250,  252,  281, 
350,  364,  439,  448,  452, 

Clark,  l  1-3,  35,  56,  57, 

Clarke,  \  64,  75,  81, 

93,  100,  137,  149,  152, 
157,  165,  167,  169,  177, 
184,  207,  222,  233,  239, 
248,  251,  252,  260,  263, 
266,  273,  274,  281,  322, 
326,  327,  343,  348,  358, 
364,  369,  370,  413,416, 
423,  431,  438-440,  444, 
445,  449,  452,457,458, 
461,  464,  466-468,  473, 
475,  477. 

Clarson,  273,  358,  376. 

Clary,  273. 

Cleares,  1 

Cleere,  $  177>  17S- 

Cleaveland,  122,  272, 

283,  286,  357,  358,  360, 
376,  428. 

Sleevls8;!  169-231*450- 

Clement,  346,  372. 

Clesson,  252. 

Cleverly,  334,  335,  337. 

Clifford,  156,  370. 

Clinton,  310. 

Cload,  338. 

Cloather,  240. 

Cloies,  452. 

Clothier,  261,  361, 

Clouch,  374. 

Clough,  130,  176,  177, 
248,  286,  360,  375,  457. 

Clow,  72,  240,  241. 

Cluff  (Clough). 

Coalman,  139,  251,  252, 
260,  261,  425. 

Coard,  86,  265. 

Coarser  (Corser). 

Coates,  240,  261,  361, 
371. 


Cobbet,  7,  40,  240. 
Cobleigh,  196. 

Cock,  92, 166,  332,  337. 
Cocks,  166,  167. 
Coddington,  87,  122, 

360. 

Codman,  448. 

Codner,  166. 

Coffin,  136, 139, 294,302, 
316,  317,  413,  415. 
Cogswell,  413. 

Cohon  (Cahan). 
Cohone,  56,  452. 

Coker,  52,  318. 
Colbourne,  )  72,  75, 108, 
Coleburn,  j  113, 368, 
433,  448,  477. 
Colbron,  366. 

Colcord,  278,  344,  370. 
Colcut,  413. 

Cole,  l  73,  74,  100,  118, 
Coole,  j  137,  138,  157, 
161,  165,  166,  218, 357, 
363,  364,  418,  439, 458, 
459,  477. 

Coleby,  249,  251,  252. 
Coleman  (Coalman). 
Coldham,  282. 

Colfax,  247,  251. 

Coll  (Cole). 

Coller,  448. 

Collins,  149,  260,  278, 
290,  291,  336,  406,  422. 
Collohane  (Galloway). 
Collohue  (Galloway). 


Colton,  475. 

Colver,  442,  444-446. 
Comstock,  444,  446. 
Corny,  231. 

Conah,  281. 

Conant,  1  154,  167,  423, 
Cunant,  j  439,  447. 
Conhill  (Cunnell). 
Conkcascogau,  1 
Conkganosco,  j 
Conney,  59. 

Convars,  172,  474. 
Converse  (Convars). 

“  Conway,”  354. 
Coockow  (Cuckow). 
Cook,  >  56,  58,  64,  81, 
Coke,  )  83,  85,  100, 

124,  133,  152, 154, 157, 
207,  236,  240,  252, 260, 
264,272,  279,  289,  292, 
340, 363,  372,  373,  419, 
429, 440,  443,  445,  457, 
458,  467,  472,  474,475, 
477. 

Cooks  (Cocks). 

Cooley,  475. 

Coolidge,  85,  116,  286, 
356,  376. 

Coomes,  165. 

Coones,  404. 

Cooper,  71,  72,  78,  118, 
120,  145,  283,  286,  357, 
371,  373,  475,  477. 
Coplane, 

Copeland, 

Copp,  155, 

Coppin,  1. 

Corbett,  221,  240. 
Corbin,  56,  162,  427. 
Corbitant,  4. 

Corly,  346,  372. 
Cornberry,  130, 134. 
Cornelius,  195. 

Cornish,  132. 

Cornwell,  466. 

Corser,  71,339,347,414, 
477. 


|  162,  433. 
165,  439. 


Corwin,  79,  83, 153, 291, 
318,  372,  474,  475. 
Cory,  419. 

Cotton,  178, 190. 
Cottrell,  443,  445. 
Couch,  72,  75,  161,  176, 
177,  265,  279. 
Counter,  166,  372. 
Cousens,  122,  272. 
Cousier  (Corser). 
Cowdrey,  448. 

Cowell,  )  36,  72,  161, 
Cowle,  \  176,177,225, 

226,  228-231,  292,  339, 
452. 


Cowen,  349. 

Coy,  108,  115. 
Coytmore,  261. 
Crackbone,  131-133,373. 
Craford,  138,  452. 
Crafts,  I  1  o j  90-1 
Craft,  \  137’  -81’ 

Craflf’  }  272»  365» 373- 
Craig  (Cragge). 

Crane,  162,  163,  224, 
225,  241,  428,  452. 
Crassell  (Croswell). 
Cray,  52,  64. 

Creeke,  166,  239,  248, 
291,  450. 

Crescey,  414. 

CreBwell  (Croswell). 
Crispe  (Chrispe). 
Critchett,  176,  177. 
Crocker,  421,  429,  439- 
441,  458. 


Cromwel,  )  118,  240, 

Crumwell,  )  272,  296, 

357,  374,  391. 

Crooke,  176. 

Crosby,  83,  85,  94,  114, 

364. 

Cross,  52,  64,  65,  71,  93, 
260,  310,  371,  413,416, 
443,  444,  477. 
Croswell,  85,  374. 
Crouch,  118,  272,  357, 

358,  374. 

Crouter,  240. 

Crow,  247,  251,  252. 
Crowell,  439. 

Crowfoot,  251,  252. 
Crumb,  443,  445. 
Crumpton,  137,  138. 
Cuckow,  285,  368. 
Cudworth,  27,  28,  30, 

48,  65,  194,  195,  196, 
455,  459,  460,  462. 
Culacut,  17. 

Cullick,  466. 

Culliver  (Gulliver). 
Cummings,  157,  330, 

331,  336,  339,  437. 
Cummins,  157. 

Cunant  (Conant). 
Cunnaball,  j  239,  248, 

Cunneball,  j  251,  252. 
Cunnell,  338. 

Currier,  413. 

Curtis,  29,  30,  54,  55, 
81,  86,  94,  97,  104- 
107,  109,  111,  113-116, 
130,  167,  195,  224,  225, 
369,  398,  421,  424,  451, 
467,  468. 

Curwin  (Corwin). 
Cushawashett,  23. 
Cushing,  363. 

Cushman,  4. 

Cuthbert,  458. 

Cutler,  58,  118,  127, 
155,  170,  172,  184,  270, 
272,  273,  285,  286,  357, 
360,  368,  374,  376,  418, 

431,  436,  474. 
Cutshamakin,  8,  9,  10. 

Cu«s,i  294>  309-  475- 
Cutter,  154,  155,  157, 
171,  417. 

Cuttin,  84,  127, 171,  273, 
376,  417-419,  451. 

D. 

Daggett,  427,  463. 
Dalton,  374. 

Dalvine,  221. 

Daman,  )  172,  273, 

Dammon,  )  358,  360, 

375,  406,  407,  464, 474. 
Damport  (Davenport). 
Dana,  272. 

Dane,  155,  360,  412,  414. 
Danforth,  88,  124,  162, 
169, 193,  266,  301,  316, 
352,  400,  474. 

Daniel,  52,  93,  304,  306, 
307,  309,  364,  369,  475. 
Danielson,  444,  445. 
Darby,  338,  420. 
Darling,  358. 

Dart,  444,  445. 
Davenport,  8, 17, 18,  52, 
55,  70,  152,  153,  161- 
163,  168-172,  174,  182, 
183,  185,  187,  190, 191, 
265,  278,  365,  369,  431, 

432,  435-437,  472. 
Dason,  248. 

David,  209. 


490 


KING  PHILIP'S  WAR* 


Davidson,  211,  217,  362. 
Davis,  ( 14,  21,  23,  51, 
Daveis,  $  72,  76,  79, 

83, 102,  109,  112,  114, 
117,  121,  138,  140,  154, 
155, 157,  167,  177,  201, 
217,  239,  240,  248,  273, 
274,  281,  285,  297,  298, 
314,  346,  347,  355-358, 
362,  374,  406,  414,  415, 
418,  420,  422,  423,  435, 
439,  449,  450,  452,  466, 
473,  477,  480. 

Dawby,  274. 

Dawes,  64,  155,  241, 

361,  431,  477. 
Dawson,  239. 

Day,  72,  75,  207,  260, 
358,  368,  370,  422,  430, 
477. 

Dayer  (Dyer). 

Dean,  64,  81,  154,  157, 
221,  260,  282,  309,  433, 
435. 

Deares,  72,  371. 
DeBeck,  62. 

Decro,  64, 177,  178. 
Deers  (Deares). 

Dees,  166. 

Delamore,  310. 

Deland,  421. 

Delanoy,  457. 

Delaway,  82. 

Dell,  272. 

Dellow,  283,  371. 
Demorel],  448. 

Dennis,  154,  217,  341, 

362,  370,  451. 

Dennison,  j  36,  45,  50, 
Denison,  )  66,76,89, 

90,  93,  97,  101,  138, 
156,  157,  179,  207,  213, 
214,  218,  271,  281,  296, 
301,  303,  320,  383,  395, 
424,  442,  443,  445, 446, 
450,  467,  472-474. 
Dereing,  56. 

Derrick,  )  155,  157, 

DeReeke,  (  207. 

Despaw,  450. 

Dethsidg,  260. 
Deverick,  290, 

Dew  (Due). 

Dewin,  404,  448. 
Dewolf,  443,  444,  446. 
Dexter,  126, 175, 375, 424. 
Dichetto,  51,71,  74,477. 
Dickenden  (Dichetto). 
Dickerman,  450. 
Dickerson  (Dickinson). 
Dickeson,  252,  286,  373. 
Dickinson,  53,  130,  131, 
132,  245,  247,  251,  252, 
294,  451. 

Digenton  (Dichetto). 
Digerson  (Dickinson). 
Dike,  450. 

Dill,  171,  274. 
Dimmock,  426,  456. 
Dindy,  239. 

Dinely,  81. 

Dinsdell,  176,  177,  431. 
Dinwick,  130. 
Disborough,  466. 

Divall,  121,  353. 

Dix,  450. 

Dixy,  92. 

Doan,  439,  440. 

Dodds,  406. 

Dodge,  82,  83,  136,  138, 
155,  283,  291,  370,  371, 
423,  424. 

Dodson,  349. 

Doggett  (Daggett). 


Dole,  206,  360,  413,  415. 
Dolhof,  449. 

Dolling,  476. 

Dolliver,  177. 

Domton,  360. 

Dony,  304. 

Dorr,  432. 

Doten,  1. 

Doublet,  57,  354,  403. 
Doud,  253. 

Douener  (Dovener). 
Douglace  (Douglis). 
Doughs,  177,  443,  445. 
Dourell,  361,  372,  414. 
Douse,  (  72,  73,  100, 

Dowse,  i  171,272,286, 
356,  374,  375,  418. 
Dovener,  438,  439. 

Dow,  155-157,  165,  414. 
Dowgin,  286,  373. 
Downing,  164,  241,  261, 
440. 

Downes,  154,  155,  157, 
414,  452.  ' 

Drake,  149,  156,  173, 
186,  230, 333,  364,  370, 
452. 


Draper,  56. 

Drew,  (  52,  176,  177, 
Drue,  |  247,  251. 

Drinker,  101,  232,  233, 
239,  240,  248. 

Driver,  165,167,406,422. 
Drury,  64, 170,  183, 473. 
Druse,  80,  81. 

Dublet  (Doublet). 
Ducker,  310. 
Duckworth,  118,  240, 
338,  357,  374. 

Sudei’i167’361- 
Dudley,  86,  91,114, 170, 
179-182,  186,  191-194, 
198,  199,  254,  360,  365, 
432,  449,  469,  471-473. 
Due,  86, 137,  138. 

Duen,  260. 

Duerel),  240. 

Dugland,  161,  162,  163. 
Dumbleton,  150. 
Dummer,  416. 

Dunbar,  71,75,368,477. 
Duncan,  (  241,  247,  249, 
Dunkin,  j  251,  256, 


439,  471.  - 
Dunham,  426. 
Dunklins,  290,  374,  448. 
Dunnage,  118,  130,  357. 
Dunnel),  360. 

Dunning,  52,  55,  222, 
240,  363. 


Dunster,  119,  216,  259, 
361,  447. 

Dunton,  114,  260,  274. 
Dunwich  (Dunnage). 
Dure,  100. 

Durston,  346,  371. 
Dutch,  139, 155. 

Duty,  260. 

Duy  (Due). 

Dwelley,  464. 

Dwight,  254,  264,  265, 
279,  368,  473. 

Dyer,  71,  72,  347,  364, 
431,  466,  477. 

Dymon,  170. 


E. 

Eames,  (  58,  81,  82,  83, 
Ernes,  )  100, 244, 283, 

349,  371,373,  376,  436. 
Earle,  75,  197,  236,  374, 
477. 


East,  72, 176, 177,  366. 
Eastman,  346,  358,  372, 
414. 

Eaton,  154,  155,  157, 
260,  272,  276, 277,  283, 

370. 

Eatow,  17. 

Ebitt,  64. 

Eborne,  259. 

Edes,  286,  374. 
Edgecombe,  333  ,  336, 
339. 

Edgerton,  51,  274. 
Edmands,  i  58,  82,  83, 
Edmonds,  |  85,  286, 

Edmunds, )  348,  349, 

375, 406,  422,  450. 
Edson,  280,  428. 
Edwards,  251,  252,  449, 
467. 

Eggleston,  130, 132, 466. 
Eldridge,  73,  180,  440. 
Elgar,  247,  251. 

Eliot,  !  26,  52,  66,  82, 
Ellitt,  j  83  ,  91,  94, 

175,  177,  207,  208,  239, 
241,  248,  260,  262, 273, 
307,336,  355,  358,  365, 
374,376,  389-391,  393- 
396,  398-400,  402,  443, 
445,  448,  473. 

Elkin,  177,  293,  334- 
336,  448. 

Ellenwood,  423,  447. 
Ellenworth,  281. 
Ellery,  154,  156,  157, 
422. 

Ellingham,  439. 

Ellis,  289,  357,  363,  366, 
367,  456. 

Ellitroop,  477. 

Ellitt  (Eliot). 

Elsley,  414. 

Elsinore,  260. 

Elson,  337. 

Elton,  46,  479. 

Elwell,  421,  457. 
Emerson,  157,  414,  449. 
Emery,  (  56,  155,  156, 
Emory,  j  157,  207, 

371,  414,  415. 
Emmett,  371. 

Emons,  138,  157,  165, 

176,  177,  414. 

Emsden  (Amsden). 
Endecott,  1  8,  75,  168, 
Endicot,  j  285,469,472, 

473. 

Engersell  (Ingersoll). 
English,  1. 

Engollsbee,  118,  285, 
338,  357. 

Ensign,  349. 

Essery,  52,  72,  356,  374, 
477. 

Estey,  451. 

Estman  (Eastman). 
Evans,  81,  221,  222,  367, 
422,  434. 

Everard,  142. 

Everett,  55,  138, 141. 
Ewoutse,  92. 

Eyres,  64,  108,  355. 


F. 

Fairbanks,  81, 100, 118, 
178,  278,  353,  369,  448. 
Fairfax,  465. 
Fairweather,  252. 
Falkner,  285,  359,  367, 
368,  382. 

Fanning,  443,  445,  446 
Fantom,  207. 


Farah  (Farrar). 
Farlow,  108,  113,  232. 
Farly,  113. 

Farmer,  72,  74,  273,373, 
477. 

Famell  (Furnell). 
Farnham,  232. 
Farnsworth,  121,  436. 
Farr,  170,  172,  422. 
Farrar,  137,  138,  278, 
290,  352,  353,  435, 

450. 

Farrington,  165,  167, 
285,  368,  406,  422. 
Farrow,  422. 

Fassett,  436. 

Fausee,  157. 

Fawkner  (Falkner). 
Faxton,  163. 

Fay,  210,  211,  431. 
Felix,  81,  395. 

Fellows,  86,  126,  130, 
207,  283,  370,  413,  414, 
423,  467. 

Felt,  133,  138,  139,  321. 
Felton,  421,  439. 
Fenner,  (  161,  162,  202, 
Fenno,  \  203,204,369. 
Feres,  281,  286. 

Ferker,  166,  371. 
Ferman,  154,  217,  362. 
Ferniside,  222. 
Ferryman,  167,  447. 
Ficket,  334. 

Field,  137,  251,  252,282, 
285,  466. 

Fielder,  72,  177,221. 
Fifield,  286,  374. 

Figg,  100,  217,  273,  362. 
Finch,  248. 

Firman,  157. 

Fish,  355,  442,  446. 
Fisher,  139,  201,  240, 

285,  357,  358,  361,  368, 
375,  473. 

Fiske,  51,  52,  103,  109, 
113,  121,  241,  260,  273, 

286,  311,  312,  314,  346, 
356,  371,  376,  437. 

Fitch,  90,  114,  156,  184, 
202,  258,  260,  355,  370, 
392,  428,  431,  442,445, 
463-465,  467,  468. 
Fitts,  157,  415,  423. 

Fitz,  350. 

Flagg,  I  71,  155,  157, 
Flegge,  i  171,352,419, 
426,  435,  436,  477. 
Flanders,  250,  253,  260. 
Fletcher,  114,  121,  122, 
360,  474. 

Flint,  (  83,165,166,167, 
Flynt,  i  421,  480. 
Floyd,  58,  292,  375. 

449. 


Fogg,  449. 

Follen,  439. 

Foot,  103,  250,  253. 
Forbs,  64,  72,  176,  178, 
350,  441-444. 

Ford,  51,  86,  154,  157, 
201,  207,  221,  310,  423. 
Foresight  (Forsith). 
Forest,  76,  176, 177, 241, 
361. 

Forgley  (Frogly). 
Forsith,  75,  176,  177, 
241  363 

Fosdick,  (  72,  74,  279, 
Fosdike,  (  286,  477. 

Foskett,  272,  418. 
Fossey  (Faussee). 


Foalsom,  ( 
Folsom,  i 
Fobes (Fo 


INDEX  OF  NAMES 


491 


Foster,  )  64,  114,  121, 

Forster,  $  154,  155, 

157,240,  247,  251,  260, 
264,  272,  285,  358,  360, 
414,  425,  430,  431,  440, 
458,  473. 

Fowle,  81,  85,  100,  265, 
286,  374,  413,  414,  416, 
421. 

Fowler,  61,  62,  241,  247, 
250,  310,414,423,  468. 

Fowlsham,  292. 

Fox,  443,  445. 

Foxwell,  297,  326,  329- 
334,  458. 

Frail,  166. 

Francis,  55,  240,  241, 
264,  274,  368. 

Franklin,  58,  71,  72, 264, 
347,  368,  477. 

Frary,  91,  92,  137,  473. 

Frazer,  414. 

Freake,  60,  61. 

Freeman,  71,  72,  225, 
264,  366,  368,  428,  440, 
457,  477. 

French,  108,  113,  155, 
157,  217,  259,  355,  358, 
362,  443,  445. 

Frenchman,  64. 

Friend,  136,  175,  310, 
365. 

Frink,  441,  442,  444. 

Frisbie,  443,  444. 

Frogly,  241,  359,  360. 

Frost,  41,  85,  254,  271, 
274,  286,  290,  302,  303, 
306,  311,  313,  314,  320, 
322,  360,  373,  447,  476. 

FrctLingham,  272,  286, 
290. 

Fry,  166,  167,  372,  422. 

Fuller,  27,  28,  30, 48,  71, 
74,  133,  183,  251,  252, 
254,  259,  260,  278,  310, 
347,  348,  350,  366,  371, 
414,  421,  439, 448,  455, 
456,  459,  462,  475,  477. 

Furbush,  72. 

Furuell,  137,  138. 


G. 

Gage,  100,  350, 360,  416, 
439. 

Gaines,  122,  353,  412, 
416. 

Gale,  273,  356. 

Gallop,  7,  8,  17,  70,  93, 
183, 191,  239,  248,  249, 
273,441,443,  444,446. 

Galloway,  71,  72,  241, 
414,  477. 

Galusha,  365,  375. 

Gamidg,  155. 

Gamlin,  55. 

Gamon,  476. 

Gannett,  100. 

Gardener,  9-11, 16,  314. 

Gardiner,  )  55,  70,  128, 

Gardner,  )  139,  140, 

152,  153,  162-167,  174, 
178,  183,  186,  187,  190, 
191, 193,  197,  231,  260, 
318-320,  343,  421,  433, 
436,  437,  474,  476. 

Gardnett,  161. 

Garfield,  (  58,  118,  172, 

Garfell,  i  357, 376. 

Garrett,  23,  464. 

Gary  (Gery). 

Gatchell,  131,  132,  260, 
421. 

Gates,  161, 405, 417, 436. 


Gattinsley,  476. 

Gawen,  155. 

Gay,  72,  368,  433. 
Gearfield  (Garfield). 
Gefford  (Jefford). 
Gellins,  415. 

Gemmison  (Jameson). 
Gendal,  313,  333,  335. 
Genery  (Chenery). 
Gennings  (Jennings). 
George,  232,  277,  357, 
358,  375,  401,  414. 
Gepson,  363. 

Gerrin,  247,  250. 
Gerrish,  65,  100,  293, 
294,  412,  415,  474. 
Gery,  (  83,  265,  277, 
Geery,  j  437. 

Getchell  (Gatchell). 
Gibbons,  8,  22,  471,473. 
Gibbs,  170, 172, 217, 225, 
350,  362,  402,  419,  440, 
480. 

Gibson,  51,  58,  72,  81, 
85,  272,  286,  339,  373, 
477. 

Giddings,  86,  207,  283, 
414. 

Gidney,  371. 

Gilbert,  75,  76,  177,241, 
265,  291,  449,  467,  480. 
Gilford,  222,  281,  368. 
Gill,  80,  81,  222,  273, 
360,  368,  433. 

Gillam,  75,  97,  100,  101, 

197,  292,  473. 

Gillett,  l  137,  247,  250, 
Jellet,  i  252,  253, 444, 

445,  466. 

Gilman,  176-178,  239, 
248,  291,  292,  449. 
Gleason,  122,  170,  171, 
250,  252,  253,  272,  274, 
365,  373,  417. 

Glide,  118,  240,  357. 
Glover,  142, 145. 

Gloyd,  421. 

Goard,!  162*432* 
Goarton,  457. 

Gobely,  (  81-83,114,277, 
Goble,  i  360, 373. 
Goddard,  286,  375. 
Goddin  (Gourdin). 
Godfrey,  156,  363,  415. 
Goff,  75,  84,  100,  286, 
360,  363,  366,  373,  406. 
Gold,  64,  165,  166,  350, 
421,  439,  467. 

Golding,  387,  462. 
Gollihu  (Galloway). 
Good,  55,  477. 

Goodale,  192,  194,  197, 

198,  232. 

Goodell,  103. 

Goodhue,  134. 
Goodman,  244. 
Goodnow,  224,  225, 227, 

230,  474. 

Goodrich,  468. 
Goodspeed,  439,  441. 
Goodwin,  273,  286,  375, 
412,  418,  432. 

Gookin,  47,  52,  63,  67, 
77,84,  94,  95,103,  124, 
159,  175,  201, 207,  208, 
212,  219,  220,  228-231, 
268,  284,  299,  307,  309, 
310,  319,  345,  352,  354, 
373,  376,  392-396,  398- 
400,  402,  404,  405, 462, 
473,  474. 

Gool  (Gould). 

Goose,  363. 


Gorham,  70,  153,  183, 
191,  193,  196,  287,288, 
438-441,  459,  462,  463. 

Gorney,  281. 

Gorton,  20. 

Gorum  (Gorham). 

Gosse,  363,  409. 

Goswell,  56. 

Gott,  450. 

Gould,  83,  114,  232-234, 
258  276 

Gourdin,  158,  165,  166, 
414. 

Gowen,  126,  156,  157. 

Grafton,  134. 

Granger,  150. 

Grant,  61,  62,  81,  83,  85, 
162,  264,  419,  451,  480. 

Grary  (Gery) 

Graves,  73,  99,  112,  114, 
116,  117,  152, 165,  167, 
225,  242, 244,  260,  358, 
360,  371,  373,  406,  419, 
422,  468. 

Gray,  56,  165,  166,  222, 
241,  277,  285,  439,  440, 
441. 

Greeland  (Greenland). 

Greely,  346,  372. 

Green,  64,  71,  85,  111, 
114,  126,  165,  166,  266, 
274,  276,  277,  286,  342, 
360,  373-376,  448,  459, 
477. 

Greenfield,  458. 

Greenland,  58,  83,  265, 
276,  435. 

Greenleaf,  52,  139  154, 
155,  165,  184,  413,'  414, 
473. 

Gregory,  338. 

Grew,  439. 

Gridley,  55,278,431,466. 

Griffeth,  360. 

Griflin,  85,  240,  250, 
253,  273,  286,  360,  361, 
363,  364,  369,  374,  418, 
451. 

Griggs,  56, 431,438,452. 

Grimes,  72,  477. 

Grind,  418. 

Griswold,  443,  445,  468. 

Grom  well  (Cromwell). 

Gross,  64,  366,  368,  369, 
449,  452,  478. 

Grotis,  355. 

Grout,  82,  83,  224,  225, 
418. 

Groveling,  52. 

Grover,  240,  250,  253, 
264,  361,  366,  451. 

Groves,  58, 241. 

Grow,  207,  370. 

Guild,  )  71,  72,  75,  157, 

Guile,  \  366,  368,  477. 

Gullifer,  1  81,  154-156, 

Gullever,  j  364,369. 

Gully,  51. 

Gunny,  195,  196. 

Gunrashit,  354. 

Guppy,  82,  83. 

Gurdon  (Gourdin). 

Gurnet,  433. 

Gurney,  162,  431. 

Gustin  (Augustine). 

Guy  lie  (Guild). 

H. 

Hackburn,  289. 

Hackerberry  (Ock- 
erby). 

Hadley,  414. 

Hadlock,  221,  247,  250, 
281,  355,  361,  366,  373. 


Hagar,  171,  360,  418. 

Haiden  (Hayden). 

Haies  (Hayes). 

Haines,  17,  36,  223-225, 
229-231,  464,  465,  469, 
472,  474. 

Hale,  172,  256,  413,  415, 
423,  458  466. 

Hales,  466. 

Halford,  360,  364. 

Hall,  51,  52,  156,  170, 
178,  257,  259-261,  264, 
266,  273,  289,  364, 368, 
369,  376,  419,  426,  439, 
443,  445,  448,  458,  473. 

Hallitt,  439. 

Halloway  (Holloway). 

Ham,  317. 

Hamblin,  )  75,  239,  338, 

Hamlin,  (  356,  367, 

439. 

Hammon,  366,  367,  369, 
451. 


,363. 


Hammond,  80,272,  286, 
374,  405,  474. 

Hams  (Hands). 
Hanbury,  459. 

Hanchat,  172,  278,  363. 
Hancock,  122,  154,  285, 
363,  367. 

Handmore,  428. 

Hands,  64,  75,  100,  221, 
360,  432. 

Hannan,  431. 

Hansett, 

Hanshett,  1  1'b*' 
Hanson,  239. 

Hapgood,  108,  113,  225, 
436,  437. 

Haradine,  165. 

Hardin,  52,  440,  471. 
Harker,  281,  457. 
Harlakenden,  472. 
Harmon,  337,  424,  458. 
Harradaway,  421. 
Harrage,  440. 
Harriman,  136, 138,  416. 
Harrington,  55,  127, 

133,  167,  176,  177, 363, 

422,  452. 

Harris,  71,  78,  94,  159, 
176,  177,  204,  241,273, 
282,  357,  358,374,375, 

423,  432,  450,  468. 
Harrison,  75,  247,  250, 

253,  363. 

Hart,  83,  85,  167,  292, 
466. 


Hartford,  240. 
Hartshorne,  240,  259, 
260,261,274,  346,372, 
426,  452. 

Hartway,  477. 
Hartwell,  112,  278,  435, 
448. 


Harvey,  64,  155,  156, 
157,  414,  475. 
Harwood,  52,  176,  250, 
253,  448. 

Hascall,  83,  86,  93,  260, 
283,  310,  370. 

Hascott,  (  qq  lo^T 
Hasket,  )  197* 

Hasey,  j  79,  153,  161, 

Hasie,  j  258,  262,  264, 
276,  277,  432,  452,  475. 
Hastings,  52,  85,  133, 
137,  154,  171,  272, 366, 
376. 


Hatch,  424,  434,  458, 
464. 


Hathaway,  52,  222,  427, 
428,  439. 

Hatherly,  459. 


492 


KING  PHILIPS  WAR, 


Hathorne,  )  39,  40, 

Hawthorne,  \  133,164- 
166,  168,  183,  271,  277, 
305,  306,  310,  318-324, 

335,  337,  371,  406. 
Haugbton,  170,  368. 
Haven,  207,  422,  450. 
Hawes,  58,  122,  155, 

170,  231,  338,  360, 

366,  368,  452. 
Hawkes,  137,  250,  253, 
406. 

Hawkins,  (  66,  72,  74, 
Hogkins,  )  85, 94, 155, 

265,  299,  300, 316,  347, 
359,  418,  434. 
Hawley,  226,  231,  432. 
Hay,  417. 

Hayden,  81,  83,  94,  264, 
443,  445,  466-468. 
Hayes,  118,  152,  154, 
155,  157, 165,  357,  374. 
Hayman,  264. 

Haynes  (Haines). 
Hayson,  140,  154,  157, 

336,  426. 

Hayward,  85,  114,  170- 
172,  286,  375,  428, 

456,  457. 

Haywood,  197,  278. 
Hazeltine,  346,  372. 
Hazen  (Hayson). 
Heale,  122. 

Healy,  (  58,  170,  171, 

Hely,  \  272,  373,  408, 

419. 

Heard,  316. 

Hearsey,  162,  276. 
Heath,  55,  367. 

Hebbert  (Heberd). 
Heberd,  140,  154,  157, 
358,  370. 

Hedding,  154. 

Hedge,  14,  439,  455,466. 
Hedley,  170,  172,  419. 
Hegon  (Megone). 
Heiden  (Hayden). 
Heison,  336. 

Hencher  (Hincher). 
Henehet  (Han chat). 
Henchman,  27-32,  38, 
45,  47-58,  65,  66,  79, 
80,  89-91,  93-95,  112, 
120,  123,  126,  152, 
177,  205,  262,  267, 
268,  270,  285,  291, 
301,  315,  316,  346, 
358,  374,  378,  395, 
398,  399,  403,  462, 
473,  474,  480. 
Hendly,  68. 

Henfleld,  310. 

Hening,  368. 

Henrick,  92,  154,  157, 
277,  291,  346,  372, 

426. 

Henshaw,  85,  264,  436. 
Herimon  (Harriman). 
Herman  (Harmon). 
Herring,  285,  414,  448. 
Herrington,  170-172, 
418, 419. 

Herrick,  260,  407,  421, 
423. 

Herse,  364. 

Hesey  (Hasey). 

Hewes  (Hughes) 
Hewins,  255,  361. 

He  wit,  93  ,  260. 
Heydon,  13. 

Hey  wood,  231,  420. 
Hibbert  (Heberd). 
Hicks,  240,  274,  347, 
421,  422,  424. 


Hickson,  140,  241,  259. 
Hidden,  413. 

Hide,  114,  118,  339,  357, 

373. 

Hides,  172,  448. 
Higgins,  439,  440. 
Higginson,  8,  371,  474. 
Higinbottom,  279. 
Hildred,  122. 

Hildrick,  448. 

Hill,  58,  85,  96, 114,162, 
195,  207,  278,  340,  360, 
363,  367,  373,  412,  414, 

428,  458,  465. 

Hillard,  344. 

Hills,  51,  466. 

Hilman,  64,  72. 

Hilton,  285. 

Hincher,  52,  121,  365, 
432. 

Hinchman  ( Hench¬ 
man). 

Hind,  166,  421. 

Hinkley,  439,  455,  460. 
Hinksman  (  Hench¬ 
man). 

Hinsdall,  137,  245,  247, 
250,  253. 

Hinxen,  334,  335,  337. 
Hitchborn,  52,  72. 
Hitchcock,  250, 252, 253. 
Hix  (Hicks). 

Hoadly,  89. 

Hoar,  76,  77,  354,  355, 
396,  401,  459. 

Hobart,  382,  434. 
Hobbs,  85,136,138-140, 
156,  273,  283,  342,  370, 

374,  424,  437,  449. 
Hobkins,  157. 
Hobomak,  4,  5,  6. 
Hobson,  207,  338,  408, 

413,  414,  416. 

Hodges,  458. 

Hodgkin,  155,  158,  425. 
Hodgman,  83,  247,  250, 
276,  277,  283,  375, 420. 
Hodsden,  302. 
Holbrook,  162,  270,  280, 
281,  282,  433,  447,  473. 
Holden,  )  58,  264,  274, 
Holding,  |  373,  405. 

Holess  (Hollis). 
Holland,  55,  272,  274. 
Hollis,  162, 165, 166, 279, 
421,  433. 

Holloway,  362,  427,457, 
466. 

Hollybut,  466. 

Holman,  64,  74, 264, 364, 
369,  452,457,471. 
Holmes,  11,  93, 136, 138, 
2.39,  248,  364,  365,  373, 

429,  443-446,  451,  456, 
457. 

Holt  (Hoult). 

Holton,  )  165-167,  236, 
Houlton,  )  421. 

Holyoke,  37,  245-247, 
475. 

Homes  (Holmes). 
Honeywell,  336,  338, 
339,  476. 

Hood,  172,  222,  279. 
Hooper,  55,  165,  222. 

“  Hope-Hood,”  296. 
Hopes,  172. 

Hopgood  (Hapgood). 
Hopkins,  1,  52,217,226, 
231,  241,  343,  362,  427, 
457,  463-465,  477. 
Hoppin,  260,  281,  285, 
289,  367. 

.  Horner,  75. 


Horsington,  221. 
Hortman,  71. 

Horton,  64,  468. 
Hosford,  467,  468. 
Hoskins,  463,  468. 
Hosley,  195,  437. 
Hosmer,  114,  231. 
Hough,  444-446. 
Houghton,  409,  436, 

437,  438. 

Houldrige,  449. 

Hoult,  86,  444,  445. 
Houlton  (Holton). 
Hounsell,  334,  336,  339. 
Hounslow,  337. 

House,  176,  363. 

Hovey,  113,  272,  361, 

415,  426. 

How,  52,  58,  170,  172, 
208,  210,  211,  225,  281, 
343,  373,  374,  435,  472. 
Howard,  81,  83,  100, 
112,  113, 171,  241,  247, 
250,  255,  265,  338, 372, 
428. 

Howell,  7,  75,  285,  330, 
334,  336,  362. 

Howen  (Howell). 
Howes,  441,  455. 
Howing,  260,  285. 
Howland,  1,  439. 
Howlett,  472. 

Hoxly,  96. 

Hoyt,  131, 135,  140,  250, 

253. 

Hubbard,  26,  52,  56,  65, 
75,  90,  93,  103,  121, 
129,  131, 136,  139,  143, 
149,  153,  162,  164,  169, 
171,  173,  186-188,  190- 
192, 19S,  201,  202,204, 
218,  227-230,  241,  263, 
269,  271,296  ,  302,  306, 
312,  326,  333,  342,  344, 
345,  363,  383,  385,  428, 
460-462,  473. 

Huchin,  167. 

Huckins,  167,  183,  439, 
449. 

Hudson,  51,  91,  137, 
139,  140,  177,  222,241, 
272,  2S0,  426,  428,  452, 
473. 

Hughes,  100,  240,  241, 

247,  250,  261,  431. 
Huggin,  449. 

Hull,  23, 45, 51,70,77,92, 
100,  113, 127, 133,  136, 
138,  157,  173,  176,  177, 
195,  220,  221,  230-232, 

248,  250,  310,  323,  370, 
424,  427,  443,  445-447, 
453,  473,  479. 

Humkins  (Hunkins). 
Humphreys,  161,  162, 
364,  365,  432,  452,470, 
476. 

Hungerford,  444,  446. 
Hunkens,  167,  207. 
Hunnewell  (Honey¬ 
well). 

Hunt,  49,  51,  157,  161, 
176,  177,  221,  240,  250, 
253,  254,  350,  431,  436, 

438,  440,  449,  456,  463. 
Hunter,  81,  395. 
Hunting,  37,  38,  40,  42, 

229,  230,  271,  289,  290, 
306,  309,  311,  312,  320, 
322,  346,  374,  385,  403, 
404. 

Huntly,  443  ,  444,  445. 
Hunton,  227. 

Hurd,  133,  259. 


Hurley,  221. 

Husband,  165,  167. 

Hutchins,  165,  207,  346, 
372,  423. 

Hutchinson,  29,  30,  48, 
66,  79,  82,  83,  87,  88, 
90,  93,  103,  106-109, 
111-114,  128,  173, 174, 
191,  193,  276,306,  340, 
395,  414,  421,  424,  469, 
473,  475. 

Hutten,  167,  423,  451. 


I. 

Ide,  427,  463. 

Illery  (Ellery). 

Ilsley,  154,  156,  157. 

Ince,  466. 

Indian,  71,  81,  452. 

Ingarum  (Ingraham). 

Ingersoll,  86,  330,  331, 
422,  451,  476. 

Ingolls,  126,  155,  370, 
414,  421. 

Ingollsby  (Engolls- 
bee). 

Ingraham,  1  99,116,117, 

Ingram,  (  177,  250, 

253,  444,  445. 

Ingsbee,  177. 

Ireson,  51,  71,  154,  157, 
161,  207,  371,  477. 

Irish,  457. 

Irons,  51,  339,  365,  368. 

Ives,  421. 

J. 

Jacklin,  257. 

Jackson,  81,  130,  133, 
157,  164,  207,  217,  260, 
278,  362,  414,  419,  448, 
464. 

Jacob,  )  142,  161-163, 

Jacobs,)  184,207,  214- 
216,  218,  220,  221,  260, 
283-285,  368,  370,  414, 
433. 

James,  64,  71,  250,  253. 

Jameson,  161,  240,  248. 

Jaque,  114,  240. 

Jaques,  161,  240,  241, 
278,  363,  434,  449. 

Jay,  239. 

Jeans  (Janes),  130. 

Jeffers,  75, 122, 177, 241. 

Jefford,  166,  207,  372. 

Jeffries,  )  18,  52,  118, 

Jeffery,  |  176,293,357, 
424,  434. 

Jefts,  122. 

Jellet  (Gillett). 

Jemmison  (Jameson). 

Jenkins,  55,  176,  177, 
457,  458. 

Jenks,  422. 

Jenner,  418. 

Jenney,  457. 

Jennings,  43,  91,  156, 
207,  250,  355, 370,  372, 
428,  443,  445. 

Jennison,  8,  472. 

Jent,  452. 

“  Jeremie  ”  (Indian). 

Jerrin  (Gerrin). 

Jessop,  52,  239,  240, 249. 

Jethro,  307,  309,  460. 

Jewell,  52,  365,  374. 

Jewett,  157,  165,  221, 
413,  414,  415,  449. 

Jinks,  72. 

Jocelyn,  )  195,  322,  325, 

Joslin,  S  326,334,335, 
336,  353. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES 


493 


John,  84,  133,  174,  217, 
226,  240,  307, 362,  386. 

Johnson,  52,  71,  72,  75, 
80-83,  95,  119,  121, 
122,  151-153,  159-163, 
166,  172,  176,  183,  187, 
190,  191,  193,  210,  211, 
232,  278,  2S4-286,  289, 
292,  338,  339,  360,  369, 
371,  372,  374,  395,  406, 
413,  416,  418,  422,  426, 
435,  436,  443-445  ,  446, 
450,  458,  473-475,  477. 

John  (“Stonewall”), 
181,  385. 

Jones,  (  2,  51,  56,  64, 

Joanes,  $  72,  118,  122, 

156, 157,  166,  207,  217, 
239,  240,  241,  249,  250, 
253,  259,  260,  264,  272, 
273,  285,  286,  310,  338, 
356,  357,  361-363,  370, 
371,  373-376,  382,  420, 
432, 435,  437,  439,  444, 
445,  448,  458,  461,  477. 

Jordan,  339,  369,  370. 

Jose,  293. 

“  Joshua,”  120. 

Joy,  443,  445. 

Judd,  129,  134,  221,  426. 

Judkins,  239,  248. 

Judson,  61,  62,  468. 

K. 

Kankamagus,  300,  315 , 
316. 

Kattenanit,  76,  213, 221, 
352,  398,  400,  402. 

Keatts,'  i  100>  121- 

Keayne,  86,  472. 

Keehood,  105. 

Keene,  (  52,  58,  72,  373, 

Kean,  j  415,438,443, 
445,  477. 

Keep,  282. 

Keett,  250,  253. 

Keith,  425. 

Keizer,  346,  372. 

Kelling,  118,  357,  374. 

Kellog,  245,  250,  253, 
425,  475. 

Kellon,  272. 

Kelsie,  443,  445. 

Kemble,  )  52,  55,  71, 

Kemball,  ]  136,  138, 

139,  166,  167,  176-178, 
207,  278,  286,  303,  304, 
346,  372,  415,  423,  451, 
477. 

Kempthorne,  155. 

Kendall,  58,83, 176, 177, 
264,  276,  277,  376,  435. 

Keniday  (Canada). 

Iveniston,  1  155,  157, 

Kenniston,  (  415. 

Kennedy  (Canada). 

Kennicott,  64. 

Kenny,  82, 166, 283, 291, 
371,  421,  452. 

Kenrick,  457,  463. 

Kent,  82,  83,  264. 

Kerby,  /  51,55, 122, 176, 

Kirby,  j  177,239,248. 

Kerly,  210,  211,353,474. 

Kertland,  207,  361,  406. 

Kettle  (Kittle). 

Keweenam,  461. 

Keyes,  225,  475. 

Keyser,  138. 

Kidd,  278. 

Kidder, 123, 230, 366,474. 

Kilborne,  137,  138. 

Killam,  155,  157. 

Kimball  (Kemball) . 


Killcup,  452. 

Kindrick,  427. 

King,  52,  133,  136,  138, 
162, 163,  176,  210,  211, 
224, 225,  242,  250,  253, 
278,351,  366,  372,  452. 

Kingman,  162. 

Kingsby  (Kinsbury). 

Kingston,  365,  368. 

Kinne  (Keene). 

Kinsbury,  346, 372,  415. 

Kinsman,  278,  415. 

Kirkland,  278, 

Kiswas,  11. 

Kitchell,  468. 

Kitteridg,  113,  114. 

Kittery  (Kitteridge) . 

Kittle,  f  273,  286,  353, 

Kettle,  i  418. 

Knap,  63,  121,  261,  281. 

Kneeland  (Neland). 

Knight,  100,  165-167, 
176,  177,  239,  248, 259, 
274, 281,434,444,  445. 

Knott,  74,  176,  182,  239, 
248,  421,  440. 

Knowles,  440,  461. 

Knowlton,154, 155, 157, 
365,  415,  449. 

Knox,  17S. 

Konkganasco  (Conk- 
ganasco). 

Kutquen,  354. 

Kylam  (Killam). 

L. 

Ladd,  283,292,358,  372, 
415. 

Lagreve,  450, 

Lake,  53,  315,  321,  439, 
473. 

Lakeman,  414. 

Lakin,  373,  474. 

Lamb,  55,  152,  162,  265, 
277,  365,  368,  369,  426, 
466. 

Lambard  (Lambert). 

Lambert,  13,  136,  138, 
232,  421,  449,  451. 

Lamson,  (  170,  172, 

Lampson,  (  240  ,  248, 

273,  279,  358,  375,  406, 
407,  420,  424,  449. 

Lancton,  338. 

Landon,  72,  100,  161, 
176,  177,  363,  431. 

Lane,  64,  71,  72,86,  161, 
162,  176,  177,  222,  240, 
241,  259,  426,  431,  433, 
477. 

Langbury,  71,  72,  138, 
240,  247,  250. 

Langdon,  75,  155,  156, 
157,  165. 

Langley,  161-163,  433, 
436. 

Langor,  407. 

Langworthy,  365. 

Larabe,  444,  446. 

Largin,  241,359,361,399. 

Larkin,  444,  446. 

Larned,  272,  437,  451. 

Leroby’  |  286,366,375. 

Larrison,  56. 

Lasel,  259. 

Lash,  452. 

Laskin,  217,  362. 

Latham,  443,  445. 

Lathrop,  )  32,  66-68, 75, 

Lothrop,  )  115,120,121, 
127-130,  133-141,  143, 
210,  241,  245,  349, 361, 
374,  418,  443-445,  475, 
476. 


Latimer,  467. 

LaTour,  325. 

Laurence,  >  56,  86,  96, 
Lawrence,  j  170,  171, 
195,  222,  273,  274,  364, 
371,  373,  375,  436,  474. 
Layton,  155,  157,  415, 
460. 

Lazell,  161, 162,  407. 
Leach  (Leech). 

Leane  (Lane). 

Learned,  )  170,171,  272, 
Lerned,  (  358. 

Leatherland,  100,  279. 
Leaver  (Lever). 

Leavitt,  363. 
Ledebetter,  221,  368, 
432. 

Lee,  250,  253,  286,  293, 
452. 

Leech,  55,  71,  72,  139, 
155, 157,  431,  474,  480. 
Leeds,  250,  253,  448. 
Leese,  444,  445. 

Leete,  464,  465. 
Leffingwell,  441,  442, 
446,  468. 

Leigh,  71,  477. 

Lemon,  I  72,  166,  418, 
Leman,  )  477. 

Lendall,  )  64,  176-178, 
I.indall,  j  219,  431. 
Leonard,  221,  250,  253, 
264,  371,376,  428,460. 
Lemett  (Learned). 
Lever,  240,  283,  371. 
Leverett,  22,  49,  62,  66, 
92,  151,  179,  192,  202, 
234, 395,  469,  473. 
Levins,  130,  369,  451. 
Levitt,  100, 118,357, 449. 
Lewes  (Lewis). 

Lewis,  51,  241,254,  273, 
278,  339,  350,359,  371, 
418,  422,  429,  439,  440, 
442,  445,  449,  463,  468. 
Libby,  330, 334-336, 339. 
Lickens,  131,  132,  133. 
Lidgett,  177,  178. 

Lillye,  458. 

Liockhorn  (Lincoln). 
Lincoln,  122,  161,  162, 
163,  407,  433. 

Lind  (Lynd). 

Lindall  (Lendall). 

Line  (Lind). 

Linnell,  439,  441. 
Linnet,  350. 

Linsey,  166,  167,  207, 
371,  406,  407,  422. 
Linsford  (Brinkford). 
Linsley,  371. 

Little,  349,  415,  450. 

136,  138. 

Littlefield,  476. 
Livermore,  81,  356. 
Livingstone,  434. 
Lizonby,  177. 

Lloyd,  56. 

Lobdell,  222. 

Locke,  66,  91,  452. 
Loker,  224,  225. 

Long,  73,  83,  260,  264, 
363,  364,  374,  418. 
Longberry  (Langbury). 
Looke,  165,  167,  406. 
Looker,  435. 

Loomis,  446,  449,  467, 
468,  475. 

Lord,  273,  374,  443-446, 
449,  466,  467. 

Loring,  280. 

Lothrop  (Lathrop). 
Lovejoy,  167,  207,  372. 


Littleale,  j 
Littlehall,  ( 


I  Lovell,  1  155, 157,158, 

Lovewell,  i  161,  415. 

Lovett,  156,  162,  370. 

Low,  )  73,  74,  197,  274, 

Lowe,  (  349,  356,  363, 

374,  415,  477. 

Lowd,  240,  241,  452. 

Lowden,  81-83, 100,  283, 
365,  374,  417,  418,448. 

Lowell,  338,  356,  450. 

Loyal,  22. 

Lucas,  450. 

Luce,  452. 

Ludden,  240,  280. 

Ludlow,  17, 19, 465, 469. 

Lufkin,  424. 

Lumbert,  439,  440. 

Lummis  (Loomis). 

Lunn,  170, 172,  358,  424. 

Luscome,  336. 

Lux,  333. 

Luz,  17. 

Lycuss  (Lickens). 

Lyford,  7. 

Lyman,  242,  244,  250, 
253 

Lynd,  83,  126,  177,  207, 
296,  310,  375,  399,  418, 
479. 

Lyon,  56,  58,  222,  240, 
241,  247,  249,  250,  281, 
364,  365,  369,  426,  432, 
448. 


M. 


Macanab,  448. 
Maccomber,  427. 
Hacloud,  352,  353. 
Macranell,  236,240, 279. 
Mackfassett,  170,  273, 
373. 

Macshawin,  331,  334. 
Mactonell,  260,273,376. 
Macy,  456. 

Maddis,  338. 

Maderill,  72, 176,  177. 
Madockawando,  40,310, 
311,  314. 

Magenis,  52,  71,  114, 
176,  272,  274,  363,  448, 
477. 


Magery  (Majore). 
Magoon,  449. 

Magnus  (Quaiapen). 
Maier,  157. 

Mainard,  210. 

Maine,  442,  443,  445. 
Majore,  165,  166,  421. 
Makanno  (Mriksah). 
Makenny,  285,  334,  339, 


55,  359,  376. 


363. 

Maker,  439. 

Malardino,  75,  338. 
Mallett,  452. 

Malony,  i 
Malloone, 

McKenny  (Makenny) . 
McKennyes  (Magenis). 
McSparran,  185. 

Mane,  93. 

Manly,  51,  240,  432. 
Mann,  55, 165,  239,  240, 
247,  249,  251,  260,  371, 
429,  430,  452,  480. 
Manning,  61,  62,  72,  86, 
137-139,  184,  277,  278, 
319,  366,  424. 

Mansell,  100,  118,  357. 
Mansfield,  155,184,  406. 
Maramasquand,  316. 
Marble,  355. 

March  ant,  186,  456. 
Mardon,  167. 

Mare,  162. 


494 


king  philip’s  war. 


Markes,  1J}4,  156,  157, 
372,  382. 

Markham,  131,  132. 

Marrett,  272. 

Marsh,  100,  421. 

Marshall,  76,  82,  83, 
137, 183,  191,  193,  363, 
370,  466,  468. 

Marston,  155,  419,  449. 

Martin,  184,  210,  286, 
309,  321,  358,  375, 415, 
421,  427,  463. 

Martineau,  141. 

Marvin,  266. 

Mason,  11-20,  70,  78, 
81,  130,  135,  168,  183, 
191,  193,  225,  227,  228, 
241,  265,  279,  366,  367, 
427,  441,  442,  465-468, 
474,  480. 

Massasoit,  3-6,  24,  377, 
385. 


Masters,  154,  157. 

Maston,  165. 

Matantuck  (Quaiapen). 

Mather,  65,  66,  82,  83, 
90,  103,  129,  136,  220, 
228,  230.  244,  460,  462. 

Matoon,  154,  155,  157, 
239,  241,  251,  253,  364. 

Matson,  92,  358,  370, 
372. 

Mattahando,  41,  314. 

Mattaloos  (Mattoonas). 

Mattashunannamoo,  26. 

Matthews,  64,  71,  72, 
145,  170,  350,  359,  431, 
439,  477. 

Mattoonas,  31, 105,  106, 
112,  386,  479. 

Maudesley  (Mosely). 

Mautampe,  f  29,  105, 

Muttaump,  (  112, 386, 

400. 

Maxfield,  264,  362,  364, 
368. 


May,  53,  73,76,450,477. 
Mayn  (Maine). 
Maynord,  224. 

Mayo,  72,  274. 

Mead,  286,  364,  373. 
Means,  432. 

Meares,  100,  177,480. 
Measie,  75,  176. 
Mecanny  (Makenny). 
Meekins,  137,  149. 
Meginny  (Magenis). 
Mego,  448. 

Megone  (Hegone). 
MeguDnaway,  314. 

'  Meliardy  (Malardino). 
Mellis  (Mellows). 
Mellows,  161,  162. 
Melvin,  272,  286. 
Memecho,  109,  111,  112, 
121,  395. 

Mendall,  457. 

Menter,  137, 138. 
Merriam,  83. 

Merrifleld,  260,274,281. 
Merriman,  468. 

Merrit,  (107  7  qq 
Merrett,  )  137  ’  13S’ 
Merry,  250,  253,  449. 
Meservey,  452. 
Messenger,  52. 

Messey,  64. 
Melaeom(Pometacom), 
(Philip). 
Miantonomo,  6,  8,  12, 
20,  21,  379,  384. 
Micheson  (  Mitchen- 
son). 

Middlecott,  480. 


Middleton,  177, 277, 339, 
340,  452,  476. 

Mighill,  86,  277,  409, 
413,  415. 

Miles,  27,  48,  63,  65,  80, 
196,  256,  435,  460,  468. 

Millard,  274,  356,  360. 

Miller,  52,  53,  58,81,85, 
131,  145,  221,  222,  239, 
247,  250,  253,  260,  265, 
273,  274,  279,  350,  374, 
404,  418,  432,  448,  463, 
464. 

Mills,  264, 339,  364,  368, 

451. 

Milton,  222,  338,  357, 
467. 

Minds,  75. 

Miner,  83,  442-446,  468. 

Mingo,  82. 

Minott,  93, 162,  264,  364, 
368. 

Minton  (Mintor). 

Mintor,  443,  445. 

Miriam,  82. 

Mirick,  52, 273, 358, 365, 
374,  427,  440. 

Missatt,  452. 

Mitchell,  61, 62, 241,329, 
331,  415,  428,  449,  450, 

452,  461. 

Mitchenson,  85,  273, 

286,  360,  373. 

Moate,  458. 

Modsley,  364. 

Mog  (Mugg),  40,41,42, 
310,  311,  323,  335-338. 

“Mogg  Megone” 
(Mog). 

Mollard,  72,  132. 

Molt,  241,  361. 

Molton  (Moulton). 

Monoco,  132,  352,  386. 

Mononotto,  16,  19. 

Monopoide,  383. 

Monowattuck,  17. 

Monsall  (Mousall). 

Monteague,  251. 

Montt,  96,  195. 

Moody,  413,  416. 

Moore,  58,  81,  82,  83,  86, 
138, 192,  197,  224,  225, 
278,  334,  336,  337,  339, 
363,  371,  415  ,  419,  432, 
444,  449,  468. 

Moosucke,  )  sa 

Mootucke,  i 

Moraine,  58,176,177,264. 

Morell,  132,  413. 

Morgan,  60,  166,  167, 
240,  250,  253,  361,  423, 
441,  443,  446,  477. 

Moring,  241. 

Morren  (Moraine). 

Morrill  (Morell). 

Morris,  52,  55,  64,  161, 
162,  216,  279,  361,  363, 
428, 471. 

Morrison,  52. 

Morrone  (Moraine). 

Morse,  72,  92,  144,  155, 
179,  182,  359,  431,  480. 

Mortmore,  222. 

Morton,  1,  300,  456. 

Mory,  222,  369,  432, 440. 

Mosarvy  (Meservey). 

Mosely, 27, 28,  31,32,  38, 
48,  49,  50,  69-71,  73- 
80,  89-91,  93,  95,  97, 
101,  115,  120,  121,  122, 
128,  133-136,  143,  148, 
149,  152,  153,  169,  174, 
175,  180-182,  185,  187, 
190,  191,  193,  209,  213, 


236,  263,  266,  292,  295, 
296,  300,  350,  351,  364, 
396,  401-403,  431,  432, 

436,  437,  464,  477,  480. 
Moses,  467,  468. 

Moss,  57,  92,  260,  273, 

279,  360,  370. 

Mossup,  385. 

Moulton,  166,  281,  370, 
449. 

Mountjoy  (Munjoy). 
Mousall,  75,  85,  272, 
374,  418,  477. 

Moussell  (Mousall). 
Mower,  206,  406,  420, 
422. 

Moyer,  446,  450. 
Mriksah,  181. 

Muchin,  268. 
Muckamug,  316. 

Mudg,  72,  76,  137,  274, 
366,  375,  418,  420,  477. 
“  Mugg  ”  (Mog). 
Mugrige,  414. 

Mulbery,  100. 

Mulfora,  440. 

Mullard  (Mollard). 
Mun,  251,  253,  254,466. 
Munge,  72, 126. 
Munjoy,  61,  321,  332, 
452. 

Munninge,  59. 

Munson,  221,  466-468. 
Murphy,  363,  444,  446. 
Muschin  (Muskins). 
Musgrove,  241,  261, 361, 
415. 

Muskins,  286,  373. 
Mutson,  222. 

Muttaump  (Mautamp). 
Muzzey,  58,  83,  436, 

437. 

Mygatt,  467. 


N. 

Nanamocomuck,  300. 

Nanepashemet,  4. 

Nanunteno  (Canon- 
chet). 

Naoas,  398. 

Nash,  82,  162,  217,  247, 
280,  355,  362,  364, 456- 
458,  467,  468. 

Nashacowam  1  (Sho- 

Nashoonan  j  lan). 

Nathaniel,  397. 

Neale,  154,  157,  165, 
166,  183,  241,  259,  310, 
331,  371,  421,  475. 

Necks,  56. 

Needham,  81,  86,  264, 
273,  277,  437,  480. 

Negus,  51,  55. 

Neland,  155,  283,  370, 
415,  420,  423,  431, 
434. 

Nelson,  309. 

Nemasit,  431,  474. 

Nepanet,,  354. 

Nessefield,  350. 

Nesutan,  390,  395. 

Nevell,  64. 

Nevers,  357,  358. 

Newbury,  240,  251,  252, 
361,  375,  467,  468. 

Newell,  100,  126,  155, 
162,  232,  264,  369, 375, 
418,  422,  451. 

Newhall,  157. 

Newland,  456. 

Newman,  30,  31,  49, 
51,  86,  156,  158,  239, 
240,  249,  338,  349,  374, 
415,  464. 


Newmarch,  156,  157, 
415. 

Newton,  210,  211,239, 
338,  364,  369,  467. 

Nichols,  64,  71,  163, 
170,  172, 197,  241,  258, 
286,  326,  340,  355,  356, 
358,368,  372,375,406. 
407,  420,  424,429,477, 

Nicholson,  222,  260, 

424,  452. 

Nickards,  450. 

Niles,  152,  162,  268. 

Nimrod,  31,  462. 

Nims,  251,  253. 

Ninigret,  i  20-23,  88, 

Ninicraft,  )  120,  190, 

201,  203,  381,  382. 

Nixon,  283. 

Noble,  253. 

Noncatonsoo,  105. 

Nookins,  335. 

Norcross,  241,  365,  376, 
419. 

Norden,  72,  259. 

Norman,  260,  278,  372, 
475. 

Norris,  449. 

North,  56,  58,  292,  361, 
368. 

Northcoate,  458. 

Northrop,  444,  446. 

Norton,  6,  93,  118,  149, 
165,  347,  357,  366,465. 

Nourse,  352. 

Nowell,  71,  98, 101,  182, 
285,  403. 

Noyes,  85,  86,  126, 183, 
224,  225,  227,  230, 429, 
443,  444,  445,  450. 

Num,  461. 

Numphow,  300,  301, 

304,  309,  39?.  401. 

Nutter,  314. 

Nutting,  121,  125. 

Nye,  350. 

Nyrick  (Mirick.) 


O. 

Oakes,  79,  80,81,84,85, 
97,  284,  436,  474. 

Oakman,  334,  337. 

Oates,  52,  68,  75. 

OsyS  j  136>  138’  372‘ 

Obbatinewat,  4. 

Odrigo  (Rodrigo). 

Ogleby,  52,  336-339. 

Okerby,  )  477 

Okleby,  \  bz>  lZ'  477* 

Old,  251,  444,  445. 

Oldham,  7,  8. 

“Old  Queen  ”  (Quaia¬ 
pen). 

Oliver,  23, 46,  53,  70,  74, 
81,  85,  142,  152,  153, 
164, 169,  173-178,  ISO- 
182,  187,  190,  191, 291, 
332,  334,  336,  404, 432, 
435,  473. 

SmsS’l13’  466-468’ 

Olverton,  149. 

Oneko,  30,  36,  94,  383, 
392. 

Orchard,  52. 

Ordway,  371. 

Orris,  55,  81,  161,  211, 
217,  239,  248,  362, 444, 
445. 

Osborne,  51,  86,  232, 
365,  421,  466. 

Osgood,  447. 

Osyer  (Oazier). 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


495 


Otis,  316. 

Overing,  437. 

Overton  (Olverton). 
Owen,  62,  162,  216,  217, 

361,  362,  427. 
Owenequo,  161. 
Oxenbridge,  234. 

Oyne,  58,  260,  264,  272, 

376. 

Ozzier  (Oazier). 

P. 

Packer,  444. 

Paddy,  457. 

Padlefoot,  274,  373, 437. 
Paige,  28,  48,  49,  79,  85, 
86,  90,91,95,111,112, 
277,  282,  403. 

Pain,  )  81,  85,  91,  94, 
Paine,  i  100, 142,  260, 
264,  285,  313,314,317, 
364,  440,  463. 
Pakashokag,  386. 
Palmer,  18,  138,  155, 
157,  202,  278,  283,370, 
371,415,  443,446,  456, 
463,  466,  467. 

Palmes,  442,  446,  467. 
Parham,  52. 

Parke,  I  132,  133,  376, 
Parks,  )  419,  443,  445, 

446. 

Parker,  30,  52,  56,  110, 
114,  120-124,  154,  166, 
167,  170,  206,  221,225, 
239,  260,  265,  273,  274, 
281,  282,  286,  345, 355, 
358-360,  362-364,  367, 
368,  375,  376,  416,  420, 
422,423,435,444, 445, 
448,  462,  474. 
Parkhurst,  171,  419. 
Parlor,  155, 157. 
Parmater  (Parmenter). 
Parmenter,  )  81,  82,  S3, 
Parmiter,  (  217, 224, 

362,  419,  443,  445. 
Parmer  (Palmer). 
Parneer,  292. 

Parris,  72,  357-359,  405. 
Parrum,  279. 

Parry,  273,  358. 
Parsons,  130,  239,  248, 
358,  415,  466. 
Partridg,  118,  357. 
Partsmore,  157. 

Pashly,  260,  272,  356. 
Pasmore,  64,  100,  361, 

370. 

Passaconaway,299,  300. 
Patrick,  11,  12,  15,  16, 
18,  470,  471 . 

Paten,  171. 

Patterson,  13,  58,  113, 
114,  436,  445,  466. 

RSfc  S 

Paule,  285. 

Payson,  )  81,  82,  93,  264, 
Pason,  |  364,368,432. 
Peabody,  >  165, 167, 319, 
Pabody,  j  423, 424. 
Peach,  290. 

Peacock,  64,  279,  366. 
Pearch,  375. 

Pearson,  j  138,  207,  415, 
Peirson,  (  416,  451. 

Pease,  154,  157,  207, 

371,  372. 

Peasley,  413,  415. 
Pecher,  428. 

Peeke,  100,  130,  139, 
140,  465. 

Pecker,  475. 


Peckworth,  292. 

Pegin,  268,  398. 

Peirce,  )  19,  35,  52,  78, 
Peirse,  >  83,  85,  99, 

Pearce,  )  133,  155, 157, 
170,  172,  195,  207,  227, 
249,  251,  260,  265,  272, 
273,  276,  277,  280,  286- 
289,  342,  347-349,  359, 
376,  382,  389,  415,  429, 
441,450,463,464,  476. 
Peksuot,  5. 

Pelham,  225. 

Pell,  11. 

Pellington,  118,  221, 

240,  357,  363. 
Pemberton,  52,  64,  72, 

259,  265,  281,  364,  375, 
415. 

Pembleton  (Pendleton) . 
Pemerton  ( Pemberton) . 
Pendall,  444. 

Pendleton,  225,  297, 

298,  322,  329,  331-333, 

443  444  476 

Pengilly,  'l54,155,  157, 

260,  370,  426. 

Pengry,  138,  157. 
Penniman,  82,  83,  94, 

364. 


Pepar  (Pepper). 
Pepper,  131,  132,  155, 
231. 


Perkes,  480. 

Perkins,  51,  85, '93,  118, 
155-157,  165,  167,  207, 
344,  357,  370,  423,  431, 
449,  451. 

Perry,  63,  88,  273,  349, 
358,  376,  427,  463. 
Person,  83,  130,  358. 
Pessacus,  21,  22,  385. 
Petananuit,  24,  377. 
Peter,  73,  180,  186,  192, 
193,  304. 

Peter-Nunnuit  (Peta¬ 
nanuit)  . 

Peters,  423,  449. 
Peterson,  443,  445. 
Petonowowett  (Petana¬ 
nuit). 

Petts ,  149. 

Petuhanit,  108,  395. 
Phelps,  166,  319,  345, 

372,  423,  437,  467. 
Phesy  (Veze). 
Philbrick,  449. 

Philip,  3,  24-31,  34,  36, 

38-40,  48-50,  53,  57, 
65,  67,  68,  73,  76,  80, 
83,  87-90,  93-98,  104- 
106,  112,  121,  128,  144, 
148,  151,  194,  199,  200, 
203,  204,  208,  236,  237, 
243,  244,  247,  261,  263, 
266,  276,  280,  285,  291, 
297,  301,  305,  348,  351, 
355,  377-381,  384,  388, 
390,  394,  395,  400,  453, 
460-462,464. 

Phillips,  64,  71,  72,  81, 
92,  100,  108,  113,  118, 
142,  167,  240,  273,282, 
286,  297,  298,326,347, 
349,  357,  361,  369,  370, 

373,  376,  418,  433,  457, 
461,  466,  476,  477. 

Philybrown,  450. 
Phinly  (Plinly). 
Phinney,  439. 

Phips,  81,  85,  229,  264, 


374. 

Pickard,  | 
Picard,  j 


86,  277,  415. 


Pickering,  67,  118,  143, 
155,  176,  357,  474. 
Picket,  334,  423. 
Pickworth,  166, 167, 372, 
421. 

Pierpont,  56. 

Pike,  241,  247,  251,  259, 
261,  309,  342,  361,  365, 
374,  375,  406,  407,  416, 
419,  474-476. 

Piisbery,  310,  358,  365, 
371. 

Pinchon,  /  12, 18,19,32, 
Pynchon,  (  33,  41,  68, 

69,  105, 112,  121,  128, 
134,  143-147,  150,  152, 
266,  288,  365,  369,  475. 
Pinder,  58,  264. 

Pingry,  449. 

Pinly  (Plinly). 

Pipin,  157. 

Pitcher,  75,  162,  163, 
364,  365,  367,  369. 
Pitman,  130,  138,  371. 
Pittam,  222. 

Pittimee,  402. 

Pixly,  137. 

Plaisted,  64, 295,302,476. 
Plant,  445. 

Platts,  206. 

Plimpton,  71,  137,  225, 
347,  369,  434,  477. 
Plinly,  363,  366,  431. 
Plom,  202. 

Plum,  137, 138, 162,  281, 
285,  444,  446. 
Plummer,  82,  83,  130, 
138,  162,  415. 

Pocock,  149,  258,  259. 
Pollard,  64,  81,100,207, 
360,  431. 

Polly,  52,  58,  170,  172, 

272,  286,  358,  376. 
Polott,  166. 

Pomham,  73,  82,  174, 

180,  192,  200,  384,  479. 
Pond,  222,  368. 

Poole,  48,  98,  116,  140, 

147,  149-153,  211,  212, 
222,  237,  240,  258-261, 
276,  277,  289,  292,  361, 
369,  455,  474. 

Poore,  155, 158,  241, 361, 
415,  450. 

Pope,  457,  461. 

Poply,  356. 

Poquahow,  107. 

Porey,  462, 

Porter,  72, 159,  281, 319, 
407,  423,  467,  468. 
Potok,  385. 

Potter,  82,  83,  189,  207, 
231,  361,  370,  406,  413, 
415,  422,  442,  444,  450. 
Potts,  442,  444,  445. 
Powell,  56, 155,176, 177. 
Powers,  102. 

Pratt,  5,  72,  240,  251, 
253,  255,  286,  349,  361, 
373,  418,  466,  467,  468. 
Prentice,  )  27,47-49,  52, 
Prentise,  (  65, 70,74,79, 
80-85,  89-91,  95,  117, 
133,  152,  153,  161, 179, 

181,  183,  190,  200, 202, 
204,228-230,  270,  272, 

273,  286,  373,  394-397, 
404,  419,  435-438,  474. 

Prescott,  57,  76,  114, 
121,  166,  260,  374,  376, 
434,  436. 

Pressey,  251,  253. 
Pressland,  457. 

Presson  (Preston). 


Preston,  140,  166,  167, 

240,  251,  253,  372,  423. 
Price,  55,  126,  164-166, 

170,  171,  177,  241,  251, 
253,  286,  339,  376,  474, 
475. 

Prichard,  108,  109,  115, 
165. 

Priest,  52,  170, 172,  239, 
248,  358,  359,  376,  419, 
429,  437,  452. 

Prime,  416. 

Prince,  11,137,  161,  163, 
165,  167,  207,  421,  431, 
451,  455,  457,  459. 
Pringridays,  145. 

Prior,  156,  158. 
Pritchett  (Prichard). 
Prize  (Price). 

Procer,  52,  75,  176,  177, 

241,  281,  365. 

Proctor,  58,  86, 122,  363, 

370. 

Prosser  (Procer). 
Prout,  81,  83,  278,  429. 
Proute,  434,  464. 
Provender,  72,  437,  477. 
Pudenter,  260,  372. 
Puffer,  282. 

Pugsley,  439. 

Puinder  (Provender). 
Pumroy,  251,  253. 
Purchase,  466. 

Putman,  )  82,  83,  111, 
Putnam,  )  291,421,451, 
475. 

Pynchon  (Pinchon). 

Q. 

Quaddington,  452. 
Quaiapen,  180, 181,  192, 
244,  387. 

Quanapawhan,  461. 
Quauansit(Canonchet) . 
Quannapohit,  97,  213, 
268,  352,  394,  395, 398, 
400,  402. 

Quanohit,  354. 
Quaquacliis,  203. 
Quaqualh,  385. 

Quarles,  449. 
Quiddington,  149,  452. 
Quincy,  473. 
Quinnapin,  36,  377,  381, 
385. 

Quint,  293. 

R. 

Rainsford,  100,  241, 

247,  251. 

Ramsdell,  422,  426,  429, 
450. 

Ramsey,  71,  72,  477. 
Rand,  207,272,  286,374, 
422. 

Randall,  72, 102,260,281. 
Randlett,  296. 
Randolph,  158. 
Ransford  (Rainsford). 
Rathbone,  282. 

Ratt,  51,  91. 

Raven,  293. 

Ravensbee,  206,  371. 
Ravenscraft,  241,  259, 
260. 

Rawlins,  118,  156,  157, 
239,  240,  357,  415,  449, 
478,  480. 

Rawson,  47,  59,  88-90, 
117,  121,  143,  168,  192, 
193,  215,  225,  226,  237, 
275,  345,  374. 

Ray,  )  134,  260,  274, 281, 
Rea,  i  368,  429. 


496 


king  philip’s  war. 


Rayman  (Rayment). 
Rayment,  j  11S,  154, 

Raymond,  (  155,  157, 

187,  260,  277,  278,  283, 
357,  370,  406, 407,  420, 
423. 

Raynor,  241,  452. 

Rea  (Ray). 

Read,  (  64,  72,  74,  81, 
Reed,  )  85,  100,  122, 

161,  162,  165-167,  171, 
176,  225,  241,  243,  244, 
251,  253,  259,  350, 359, 
413,  415,  416,  418,  423, 

428,  437,  452,  463, 464, 
472. 

Records,  361,  369. 
Redding,  457. 

Redman,  58,  222,  279, 

369. 

Reeves,  86,  467. 
Regimant,  |  58,  63,  64, 
Regeman,  (  264,  361. 

Region,  52,  71,  273,  360, 
477. 

Regulus,  383. 

Reinerd,  444,  446. 
Remington,  170,  171, 
184,  273,  278,  373, 

417. 

Reny,  166. 

Reylie,  157. 

Reyner,  282. 

Reynolds,  235,  239,  279, 

429,  444,  445,473. 

Rhoades,  )  61,  62,  167, 
Roades,  (  406. 

Rice,  58,  71,  72,  167, 

170,  172,  210,  211,  225, 
226,  272,  419,  433,  448, 
451,  477. 

Rich,  166. 

Richard,  46. 

Richards,  41, 81,  83, 100, 
152,  161,  162,  177,  362, 
371,  406,  428,  432,  445, 
467,  473. 

Richardson,  (  42, 43,  58, 
Richeson,  (  82,  83, 

85,  109,  113,  139,  155, 
157,  207,  272,  276,  277, 
285,  290,  300,  301,  338, 
344-346,  363,  374-376, 
397,  399,  415,  436,  444, 
446,  417,  450. 
Ridaway,  427,  463. 
Rideat,  210,  211. 

Rider,  286,  373,  456. 
Rigby,  100,  368. 

Riggs,  18. 

Rigman,  261. 

Rily,  155. 

Ringe,  (  139,  154,  157, 
Ring,  )  165,  184,  415, 

440. 

Riply,  83,  221,  240,  364, 
427,  432. 

Rishworth,  332,  333. 
Roberts,  52, 71, 150, 170, 
172,  217,  221,  231,239, 
241,247,  251,297,355, 
362,  364,  369,436,443- 
445,  451,  472. 
Robertson,  449. 

Robin,  23,  108, 112,  286, 
339. 

Robins,  154,  239,  260, 
272,  373,  399,  406,  407, 

430,  437. 

Robinson,  58,  264,  265, 
290,  296,  342,  371,  372, 
425,  449,  457,  458,  463. 
Roby,  156,  274,  346, 357, 

370,  372.  . 


Rocket  (Rockwood). 

Rockwood,  345  ,  365, 

369,  453. 

Roderigo,  61,  62,  115, 

338. 

Rods  (Rhoades). 

Roff,  (  58,  158,  217,  265, 

Ruff,  j  362,  416. 

Rogers,  55,  100,  122, 
142,  155,  157,  176, 177, 
251,  253,  273,  331,  339, 
366,  415,  423,  432,  438, 
443,  445,  451,  456. 

Rolestone,  (  221,  240, 

Rowlstone,  )  265,  363, 
364. 

Rolf,  139, 156,  416. 

Rollings,  415. 

Rollins  (Rawlins). 

Rood,  444. 

Rooks,  210. 

Roote,  152,  466. 

Roper,  137, 138. 239, 240, 
248,  251,353,  354,  374. 

Ropes, 

Ropps, 

Rose,  1 

Ross,  72,  224,  225,  347, 
374,  375,421,  429,  445, 
477. 

Roswell,  468. 

Round,  76,  176-178. 

Row,  334,  335,  336,  422. 

Rowland,  444, 446. 

Rowlandson,  34, 98,  111, 
220,  241,  244,310,  352- 
355,  378,  385,  400,  403. 

Rowlston  (Rolestone). 

Rownden,  217,  362. 

Rowse,  349. 

Royal,  279,  374. 

Rucke,  452. 

Rudd,  443,  446. 

Ruddock,  (  116,208, 209, 

Rudduck,  (  211,212, 255. 

Ruff  (Roff). 

Ruggles,  55,  83,  93,  100, 
161,  247,  251,  277,  430, 
431,  473. 

Rumeall,  166. 

Rumneymarsh,  97,  300, 
394,  404. 

Russ,  68,  71. 

Russell,  52, 60, 113, 129- 
131,  133,  134,  136, 137, 
140,  144,  145,  149, 150, 
155,  157,  166,  232,  234, 
236,  212,  244,  247,  259, 
272,  283,  286,  349,  371, 
373,  417,  438,  451,458. 

Rust,  71,  100,  138,  154, 
157,  165. 

Rutter,  170,  172,  419. 

Ryall,  55,  162,  330,  338. 

8. 

Sabin,  390,  427,  463. 

Sable,  162,  452. 

Sadler,  139,  154,  155, 
157,  416. 

Safford,  86. 

Sagamore  John,  301, 
304,  399. 

Sagamore  Sam,  132, 
354,  386. 

Sage,  100. 

Sahamoshuha,  200. 

Sakins,  162. 

Salendine,  358,  374. 

Salmon,  150. 

Salter,  75,  170,  171,  240, 
251,  253,  273,  274,355, 
373,  374. 

Salton8tall,  475. 


J  136,  138. 
S8,  416. 


Sam  (Sagamore  Sam). 

K,™,'  ( 

Samoset,  3. 

Sampson,  j  64, 109, 160, 

Samson,  j  222,  240, 
249,  296,  304,  321,  357, 
429,  440,  457. 

Sanders,  /  83,  94,  162, 

Saunders,  )  274,  364, 

368,  373,  458,  468. 

Sandy,  64,  118,  240, 357. 

Sanford,  39,  184,  387, 
440. 

Sanger,  133,  170,  171, 
272  426. 

Sargent,  55,  100,  118, 
165,  167,  240,  279,  340, 
357,  424. 

Sassacus,  6,  7,  9,  12, 15- 
17,  19. 


Sassamon, 

Sausaman, 


26,380,394. 


Satell  (Sawtell). 

Savage,  28,  29,  34,  35, 
46,  48,  49,  52,  60,  65, 
67,  71,  74-77,  85,  87- 
93,95-98,100-102,117, 
118,  159,177,  182,  191, 
213,  218,  235,  237,240, 
243,  245,  266,  282,  325, 
340,  341,  349,  357,  395, 
402,  403,  431,  473,  477, 
479. 

Saveli,  162. 

Savery,  349,  440. 

Sawdy,  239,  240,  248. 

Sawin,  283,  286,  355, 
357,  363,376,  418,  451. 

Sawtell,  (  171,  272,  279, 

Satell,  (  356, 375, 451. 

Sawyer,  (  58,  122,  137, 

Sayer,  j  138,155,201, 
260,  265,  353,355,  359, 
373,  416,  427,  437,  452. 

Saxton,  64,  75,  279. 

Say  ward,  157. 

“  Scaeva,”  466. 

Scales,  130, 138. 

Scammon,  293. 

Scant,  221,  292. 

Scill  (Sill). 

Scopelin,  52. 

Scossoway,  297,  326. 

Scott,  58,  71,  81,93,100, 
118,  130,  139,  162,  251, 
253,  254,  264,  277,  281, 
357,  369,  374,  432. 

Scottow,  62,  322,  325- 
329,  331-335,  337-340, 
476. 

Scripture,  273,  374. 

Searle,  217,  272,  362. 

Seeds’,  |  85>239>240> 248 ' 

Seaver  (Sever). 

Secomb,  420. 

Seddon,  365. 

Sedgwick,  133,472,473. 

Seely  (Sealy),  11,  13, 
70,  148,  183,  191,  193. 

Segwell,  285. 

Selden,  251,  253. 

Selenden  (Salendine). 

Selsby  (Sillesbe). 

Senter,  418. 

Serjant  (Sargent). 

Serogumba,  304. 

Sessions,  427. 

Selver,!  231-329*369- 

Severy,  122, 166. 

Sewall,  261, 340,368,433. 

Sewery,  207. 


i  Sexton  (Saxton). 

|  Shakspeer,  144. 
Shallarde,  293. 
Shapley,  1  60,166,304, 
Shapleigh,  $  306,  307, 

332,  421. 

Sharpe,  36,  119,  221, 
228,  231,  470. 
Shattock,  53,  82,  83, 
103,  133,  336,  376,  418, 
436. 

Shaw,  100,239,241,  289, 
444,  445,  452.  458. 
Shead,  122,  357,  436. 
Sheafe,  272. 

Shealett,  337. 

Sheather,  443,  445. 
Shedd  (Shead). 

Sheers,  448. 

Sheffield,  64,  154,  157, 
452. 

Sheldon,  129,  130,  141, 
170,  172,  245,  326,  329, 
331,  332,  336,  437. 
Shelston,  358. 

Shepcutt,  480. 
Shepheard,  (  72,74,100, 
Shepard,  )  157,  240, 
273,  374,  391,  416,418, 
472,  477. 

Sherly,  249. 

Sherman,  18,  56,  71,  74, 
260,  265,  281,  362,  419, 
477. 

Sherrard,  363. 
Sherwood,  467. 
Shipman,  444,  446. 
Sholan,  351. 

Sholet,  336,  338. 

Short,  327. 

Shoshanim,  351,  354. 
Shother  (Sheather). 
Shove,  408,  425,  428. 
Shrimpton,  479. 
Shuttleworth,  362,  363, 
369. 

Sibly,  (  75,  154,  157, 

Sybly,  i  165,  240,  285, 
340,  451. 

Siddall,  55,  71,  477. 
Siever  (Sever). 

Sihy,  (  58,  72,  73,  264, 
Syhy,  j  281,  347. 
Sikes,  253. 

Siky,  251,  477. 

Sill,  (  54,  55,57,68,125, 
Syll,  |  127,  133,  145, 

147,  152,  184,  266-275, 
305,  306,  320,  322,  323, 
398,  402,  419,  437. 
Sillesbie,  (  0K  Q,n 
Selsby,  j  359. 

Sillick,  184,  468. 

Silver,  450. 

Silverwood,  56,  72,  74, 
477. 

Silvester,  75,  259,  261, 
369. 

Simkins,'  (  91,100,197, 
Sympkins,  (  240,  432. 

Simmes,  (  85,  87,  247, 
Symmes,  j  435. 
Simmons,  122. 

“  Simon,”  (  42,171,303, 
“  Symon,”  $  304,  305, 

313,  338. 

Simons,  )  170,172,251, 
Simonds,  >  273,  351, 

Symons,  )  357,  358, 

360,  376,  414-416,  421, 
436,  437,  452,  469,  480. 
Simple,  (118,240,249. 
Sympole,  )  272,  357, 

374. 


INDEX  OP  NAMES. 


497 


Simson,  >  154,155,157, 

M  ' . ' 


Simpson,  j  240,  260, 

261,  334,  337,  376,  448. 

Singlater,  (  292,  346, 

Singleterry,  )  358,  372. 

Singleterry  ( Singlater) . 

Singletons,  372. 

Sinkler,  281. 

Size,  64. 

Skellito,  338. 

Skelteane  (Skelton). 

Skelton,  289,  448. 

Skillings,  428. 

Skinner,  81,  239,  248, 
418,  420,  451. 

Slead,  338. 

Sleeper,  156,  370. 

Sleth,  450. 

Smallidge,  1  -9  64  72 

Smallage,  \  &2’ 

Smart,  449. 

Smeade,  1  137,  243,  251, 

Smeed,  i  253. 

Smedly,  108,  113, 122. 

Smith,  14,  51,  52,  55,  64, 
71,  73,  75,  91,  94,  96, 
100,  122,  136-139,  153, 
159,  170-174,  180,  185, 
192-195, 198,  201-203, 
205,  222,  224, 225,  239- 
241,  248,  249,  251, 253, 
260,  261,  264,  265,  272, 
273,  277-279,  283,  286, 
310,  339,  347,  360,  361, 
363,  365,  368,  371,  372, 
374-376,  414-419,  432, 
437,  439,  443-447,  452, 
456,  459,  475,  477,  480. 

Snitchell,  166,  371. 

Snow,  170, 171, 172,  429, 
436. 

Inowdfn;!100-240-361- 

Soal,  350. 

Somes  (Soames). 

Soames,  1  167,  421,  444, 

Somes,  (  446. 

Softley,  341. 

Solenden  (Salendine). 

Soley,  52,  64. 

Somerby,  156,  157,  293, 
413,  416. 

Somersby  (Somerby). 

Sosomon,  17. 

Soule,  457. 

Soutch,  241,  364. 

Southcoate,  471. 

Souther,  64,  456,  457. 

Southerne  (Souther). 

Southward  (South- 
worth)  . 

Southworth,  195,  455, 
459. 


Sowder,  358,  371. 
Spaford,  82,  83. 
Sparhawk,  404. 

Sparke,  1  154,  155,  157, 
Sparks,  )  260, 356,  358, 
371  416  449 
Sparrow,  183, ‘440,  462. 
Spaulding,  278, 374,437. 
Speen,  398,  402. 
Spencer,  272,  281,  368, 

-  466,  472. 

Sphere,  480. 

Spike,  155. 

Spiser,  443,  445. 
Spofford,  416. 
Spoonant,  209. 

Sprague,  23,  58,  75, 114, 
126,  275,  276,  277,  350, 
360,  375,  382,  418. 
Spring,  85, 260,  264,  376, 
448. 


Springer,  443,  445. 
Spurr,  56,  162,  163,  364, 

368,  427. 

Squando,  301,  304,  306, 
313. 

Squanto,  3,  4,  6. 

Squaw  Sachem,  4,  88, 
377. 

Squire,  239,  248,  272. 
Stacie,  1  ID,  165,  166, 
Stacy,  \  240,  260,279, 

357,  372,  375. 

Stains,  56, 176,  177, 239, 
241,  361,  452. 
Stainwood(Stanwood). 
Stamford,  1  207,371,415, 
Stanford,  j  438. 
Standish,  1,  4,  5,  438, 
440,  455,  456,  459,  477. 
Stanhope,  224. 

Stanley,  121,  155,  156, 
162,  184,  241,  343,  360, 

369,  451,  468. 

Stanton,  18,  23,  49,  162, 

383,  443,  444,  446,  466. 
Stanwood,  207, 260,  310, 
355,  370. 

Staples,  259. 

Stares,  18,  466. 

Stark,  443,  445. 

Starling,  241,  360,  448. 
Starr,  221, 363,  366,  367, 
425. 

Starts,  339. 

Stearlin  (Starling). 
Stebins,  1  71,  72,  137, 
Stebbins,  \  241,  251, 

253,  477. 

Stedman,  23,  58,  154, 
155,  157,  286,  292,358, 

373,  432,  467. 

Steele,  466,  467. 
Stephens,  1  64, 114, 136- 
Stevens,  )  138,  167, 

176,  177,  207,  222, 225, 
273,  282,  352,  360, 372, 

374,  400,  421,  422,  443, 
445. 

Stephenson,  251,  253. 
Sterns,  1  82,  83,  260, 
Stearns,  )  264,  283, 

358, 360,  363,  376,  438, 
473. 

Stetson,  457. 

Steward,  239,  248,  274, 
331 

Stickney,  138, 155,  157, 
206,  416. 

Stiff,  248. 

Stileman,  475. 

Stiles,  466. 

Stimson,  156,  157,  272, 
286,  375,  416,  449. 
Stockbridge,  464. 
Stocker,  171,  424. 
Stockes,  71,  74, 172,  450, 
477. 

Stockwell,  137. 
Stoddard,  129,  130, 132, 
137,  254. 

Stokes  (Stockes). 
Stone,  6-8,  52,  58,  82, 
83,  134,  149,  260,  265, 
273,  283,  360,  363,  376, 
435,  436,  448,  466. 
Storer,  416. 

Story,  155, 157, 166, 449. 
Stoughton,  11,  16,  17, 
19,  245,  471. 

Stow,  210. 

Strabridg,  240,  361,447. 
Strait,  85. 

Straton,  100,  157. 
Stream,  280. 


Street,  64. 

Streeter,  52,  85,  273, 
373 

Strong,  467,  468. 
Strowbridge  (Stra¬ 
bridg). 

Stuart,  221. 

Stubbins,  443,  446. 
Stuckley  (Stukely). 
Stukely,  241,  452. 
Summers,  81,  83,  418. 
Sumner,  265. 

“  Sunke  Squaw  ”(Quai- 
apen). 

Sutliff,  137,247,251,253. 
Sutlive  (Sutliff) . 
Sutton,  155,  240. 

Swady,  118,  285,  357. 
Swaine,  1  71,  75,  155, 
Sweane,  )  156,  171, 

182,  191,  343, 406,  407, 
420,  431,  477. 

Swan,  170,171, 272,292, 
346,  365,  372,376,  416, 
437. 

Sweet  (Swett). 
Sweetsir,  232,  234,  292, 
374. 

Swett,  23,  42,  158,  165, 

183,  201,  338,  342-346, 
370,  421,  453,  474. 

Swift,  30,  94,  226,  364, 
369,  396,  404,  473. 
Switched,  166, 167. 
Symms  (Simmes). 
Symonds  (Simons). 
Sympole  (Simple). 


T. 

Tahatawarre,  399. 
Tailer  (Taylor). 
Tainter,  1  127,133,171, 
Tayntor,  )  365. 

Talbot,  433. 

Talcott,  38,  270,  467. 
Tally,  122,  272,  435. 
Tanner,  196. 

Tappin,  139,  140,  155, 
330. 

Tarball,  114,  121,  273, 
374,  421,  436. 

Tarhot,  416. 

Tarbox,  165,  166,  406, 
422. 


Tatingham,  155,  156, 
260,  274,  436. 

Tatobam,  6,  7. 

Tatoson,  461. 

Tay,  1  161,170,172,239, 

Toy,  \  240,  245,  248, 

249,  251,  361. 

Taylor,  1  51,  52,  58,  72, 

Tailor,  j  83, 156,  158, 
170,  172,  210,  211, 247, 
251,  254,  264,  272, 273, 
283,  285,  286,  336,359, 
360,  374,  416,  419, 427, 
435,  438-441. 

Tebb ,  52,  452. 

Tedd,  j  55>  85>  360- 

Teffe,  175, 186, 194, 202, 

90^  9QQ 

Temple,  io4,  105,  111, 
129,  130,  170-172,  373, 
435,  437. 

Tenney,  139,  140,  154, 
157,  165,  207,  283,  310, 
332,  336,  339,  416. 

Terrel,  433. 

Terry,  197,  467, 468. 

Teshmond,  334. 

Thacher,  168,  264,  363, 
376,  439. 


?hayer,i162>222’364- 
Tharly,  86. 

Thathan  (Tatingham). 
Thaxter,  161,  162,  368, 
433. 

Thayer  (Thare). 
Thirlo,  413. 

Thomas,  1  30,  31,49,  51, 
Tomas,  (  61,  62,  66, 

71,  72,  74,  81,  155,  157, 

177,  178,  251,  254,439, 
455-457,  462,477. 

Thomson,  437,  458. 
Thorn,  52, 154,157,165, 
433. 

Thorndike,  138. 
Thornton,  51,  100,  273, 
439. 

Thorp,  52,  155,  279. 
Thrall,  466. 

Thresher,  427. 

Throp,  1  52,  151,  239, 
Throope,  j  240. 
Thurston,  82,  83,  100, 
280,  285,  368,  414, 416, 
473. 

Thwing,  449. 

Tidd,  474. 

Tidy,  164,  330,  336, 
Tydey,  )  338. 

Tift  (Teffe). 

Tiler,  1  155-157,  422, 

Tyler,  (  437. 

Tilly,  1, 10. 

Tilston,  56,  221,  368, 
407,  409-411,  430,  432. 
Tilton,  152,  257. 

Tily  (Tyley). 
Timberlake,  52,  176- 

178,  239,  431. 
Timberleys  (Timber- 

lake). 

Timson  (Stimson). 
Ting  (Tyng). 

Tinkham,  440. 

Tinney  (Tenney). 
Tippen,  1  42,  329-331, 
Tipping,  )  335,  337, 

338,  345. 

Tippet,  327. 

Tisdale,  428,  461. 
Tisquanto  (Squanto). 
Titcomb,  413, 414. 

Tite,  56,  363 
Tobias,  26. 

Toby,  440. 

Tohatoonee,  301. 
Tokomona,  462. 
Tolman,  58,  94,  102, 
265. 

“  Tom,”  159,  160,  226, 
236,  316,  398. 

Tombs,  64. 

Tooker,  389. 

Tooky,  339. 

Toppan  (Tappin). 
Topping  (Tippen). 
Torrey,  221,  225,  363, 
452,  456. 

Tozer,!166’296'302- 
Tossier  (Toser). 

Toten,  91. 

Totenham  1  (Tating 
Totman  |  ham) . 
Toto,  144. 

Totoson,  386. 
Touchwill  (Twichell). 
Toute,  458. 

Tower,  52. 

Towers,  83,  88. 

Towle,  344. 

Towne,  126,  373. 


498 


king  philip’s  wak. 


Townsend,  78, 165, 167 , 
406,  422,  437,  473. 
Towsely,  156,  166,  370. 
Toy  (Tay). 

Tracy,  443, 445, 467, 468. 
Traine,  52,357,358,376. 
Trask,  11,  18,  136,  138, 
165, 167,  257,  420, 421, 
436,  472. 

Travis,  177,  239,  452. 
Treat,  32, 67,  70,  97-99, 
132,  134-136,  143, 145- 
151,  153,  158,  179,  183, 
191,  194, 198,  199,201, 
202,  235,  236,  464-468. 
Treby,  197. 

Trescott,  221,  364,  368, 
431. 

Trowbridge,  404,  468, 
474. 

Truelove,  100,  360. 
Trumbull,  191,  418, 

420,  477. 

Tubbs,  443,  445,  457. 
Tuckapawillin,  398, 
403. 

Tucker,  51,  162,  281, 

361,  365,  428,  448. 
Tuckerman,  55,  222, 

363,  364,  432. 

Tufts,  137. 

Turell,  473. 

Turner,  8,  35,  37,  65, 71, 
97,  98,  101,  140,  144, 
176-178,  182,  216-218, 
221,  232-251,  253-257, 
259,  280,  291,  292,361, 

362,  384,  434,  453,  458, 
472,  473,  477,  480. 

Turtle,  265. 

Tuspaquin,  24,  26,  385, 
386. 

Tuttle,  60,  276,  475. 
Twelves,  473. 

Twichell,  71,  477. 
Twing,  240,  264,  273, 
279,  405,  458. 
Twisdell,  197. 
Twyning,  458. 

Tyffe  (Teffe). 

Tyley,  240  ,  251,  254, 

364. 

Tyng,  (  71,169,170,175, 
Ting,  \  183,  191,  261, 

263,  405,  412,  431. 

U. 

Umphree  (Humphrey) . 
Uncas,  11-13,  17  ,  20-22, 
88,  90,  94,  120,  151, 
379,  380,  383,  392-394. 
Underhill,  8,  10,  11, 13- 
16,  469-471. 
Underwood,  230,  451. 
Upchattuck,  105. 
Updick  (Updike). 
Updike,  71,  72,  74,  430, 
477. 

Upham,  |  146,  147,  152, 
Uppum,  )  163,  183, 191, 
240,  259,  287-289,  292, 
361,  374,  420. 
Uskatuhgun,  354. 

Uter,  450. 

V. 

Vales,  460. 

Vane,  8,  469. 

Varnam,  277. 

Vary  (Very). 

Vassell,  456. 

Vaughan,  294,  309,  476. 
Veale  (Vely),  71,  166, 
224,  260,  346,  347. 


Veasie  (Veze). 

Veile,  477. 

Verdey,  417,  438. 
Verin,  176,  177,  239, 
241,  361. 


Very,  ) 

51,  139,  154, 

Verry,  j 

156,  416,  421, 

451. 

Veze, 

)  51,  240,  241, 

Vesey, 

\  247, 251,  372, 

447. 

Vicar, 

\  154,  157,  161, 

Vicary, 

\  163,334,433, 

Vickers,  336,433. 
Vines,  272,  374. 
Vinton,  138. 

Vose,  94,  221,  369,  432. 
Vowden,  165. 


W. 

Waban,  104,  391,  394, 
405. 

Wadduck,  161,  366, 

452. 

Wade,  122, 170,172,239, 
349,  370. 

Wadly,  449. 
Wadsworth,  34,  36,  65, 
84,  184,  206,  212,  214- 
216,  218-223,  226-231, 
235,  239  284,  285,  352, 
364,  369,  400,  402,  432, 
467. 

Waiard  (Ware). 
Wainwright,  )  75,  137- 
Waynwritt,  )  139,  154, 
157,  165, 166,  254,  356, 
370,  371. 

Waite,  )  23,  43,  59, 
Waight,  f  104,  115,  143, 
Wayt,  )  144,  147,  154, 
155,  157,  171,  210,  211, 

225,  245,  251,  254,  272, 
274,  277,  283,  286,  288, 
375,  376,  416,  436, 474, 
480. 

Waitstill,  451. 
Wakefield,  72,  75,  177. 
Walcott,  421,  467,  468. 
Walden  (Walderne). 
Walderne,  (  39,  41,  60, 
Waldron,  \  161,  270, 

293-295,  297,  299,  301- 
307,  309-317,  320-322, 
326-331,  397,  476,  480. 
Waldo,  108,  113,  114, 
360,  448. 

Wales,  71,  72,  74,  221, 

226,  231,  281,  477. 
Walker,  73,  118,  225, 

240,  241,  247,251,273, 
286,  338,  350,  374,  415, 
416,  426,  440,  461,  463, 
472,  477. 

Wall,  166. 

Waller,  444,  445,  468. 
Walles,  51. 

Walley,  340. 

Waiting,  185. 
Wallingford,  416. 
Wallis,  274. 

Walsbery,  364. 
Walters,  281. 

Wamsley,  76,  347,  363. 
Wamsutta,  24,  377. 
Wannalancet,  )  38,  40, 
Wannalanset,  j  67,  262, 
270,  300,  301,  303-307, 
309,  399,  400,  405. 
Ward,  199,  210,  269, 
374,  448. 

Wardall,  86,  260,  278, 
338,  423. 


Wardwell  (Wardall). 
Ware,  (  264,342,  366- 
Weare,  j  368,  477. 
Warham,  11,  465. 
Warman,  138. 

Warner,  149,  151,  154- 
157,  242,466,  467,  475. 
Warockomee,  304. 
Warren,  1,  71,  72,  157, 
170,  171-176,  227,  272, 
286,  322,  376,  419,  431, 
437, 477. 

Warrick,  336. 
Warriner,  251,  254. 
Wasgate,  334. 
Washburn,  428,  458. 
Waterhouse,  443-446, 
480. 


Waters,  273,  318,  340, 
376,  448. 

Watkins,  429. 

Watson,  162,  163,  240, 
247,  251,  260,286,  369, 
373,  396,  415,  432, 459. 

Watts,  32,  52,  70,  120, 
128,  130,  154-157,  183, 
191,  222,  346,  366,  372, 
468. 


Way,  156,  431. 

Wayman  (Wyman). 

Weals  (Wales). 

Webb,  53,  63,  72,  154, 
157,  165,  251,  254,  359, 
364. 

Webber,  251,  254. 

Webster,  78,  154,  156, 
157,  165,  464,  465. 

Wedarton  (Withing- 
ton). 

Wedge,  225. 

Wedgewood,  18,  449. 

WppH  447 

Weeden,  52,  71,  72,  82, 
83,  276,  431,  477. 

Weetamoo,  29-31,  39, 
112,  377,  385,  387,  462. 

Weight  (Wight). 

Welch,  )  71,  72,167,  356, 

Welsh,  j  358, 418,  444, 
452,  477. 

Welcom,  86,  349. 

Welcott,  82,  83. 

Weld,  74,  137,  179,  182, 
274,  357,363,  369,432. 

Welden,  144,  439. 

Weller,  137. 

Wellington  (Willing- 
ton). 

Wellman,  137, 165,  167, 
371,  420. 

Wells,  65,  74,  100,  251, 
254,  264,  285,  364,  423, 
464-466,  468. 

!».»»• 

Wensteed,  73. 

Wequash,  12,  13. 

WeBandowit,  317. 

Wesson  (Weston). 

West,  458. 

Weston,  4-6,  71,  72, 
477.- 


Westwood,  292. 
Wetherbe,  210. 
Wetherell,  183,  428. 
Weymouth,  52,  162, 
165,  166,  431. 

Whale,  225. 

Whaley,  161. 

Wharton,  480. 

Wheat,  273,  360,  435. 
Wheaton,  161-163,  427. 
Wheeler,  29, 30, 58,102- 
104,  106-109,  111-115, 


121,  122,  126,  128, 139, 
154,  157,  165,  170,  172, 
231,  272,  276,  277,346, 
352  353,  359,  360,373, 
374,  395,  435, 436,  441- 
443,  445,  446,  449, 450, 
474. 

Wheelock,  409,  437. 

Wheelwright,  87,  332, 
469. 


Wheildon,  458. 
Whetcomb  (Whit- 
comb). 

Whetstone,  236,  259. 
Whicher,  , 


Wicher.’i140’154-156- 

Whipple,  55,  86,  97,  99, 
101,  214,  282,  283,  475. 
Whippo,  51,  177. 
Whitaker,  274. 
Whitcomb,  309,  435, 


437,  480. 

White,  55-58,  122,  139, 
170,  172,  251,  260,265, 
272,  277,  278,  286,  291, 
334-336,  349,  361,  365, 
369,  374,  404,  427,  433, 
436,  438-440,  456,  457. 

Whitehead,  81,466,  468. 

Whiting,  83,  85, 94, 104, 
286,  375,  475. 

Whitmarsh,  161,  162, 
280,  433,  452. 

Whitmore,  126,  419. 

Whitney,  53,  83,  140, 
170,  171,  272,  273,  281, 
286,  343,  355,  359,  369, 
375,  376,  435,  436,  438. 

Whitt  (White). 

Whitteridge,  137,  139, 
240,  247,  251,  361. 

Whittier,  40,  300,  335. 

Whittingham,  472. 

Whittington,  166, 167. 

Whitwell,  239,  248. 

Wianenset,  175. 

Wiborn,  279) 

Wicher  (Whicher). 

Wickwier,  442,  445. 

Wicomb,  {  86,  283,  371, 

Wycome,  \  426. 

Wigfall,  52. 

Wight,  217, 285,366,368. 

Wilcott,  371. 

Wilde,  240,  259,  372, 
423,  424. 

Wilder,  162,  409. 

Wilkins,  72,  86, 176,177, 


241. 


Wilkinson,  58,  451. 

“  Will,”  313. 

Willard,  22,  23,  30,  32, 
53,  55, 56,  66, 110,  114- 
116,  119-126,  184,  214, 
260,  269,  285,  286,  361, 
395,  399,  408,  419,  436, 
472, 474. 

Wilier,  53,  58,  71,  156, 
373. 

Willet,  330, 336, 338,339, 
443,  446,  455,  459-461. 

Willey,  443,  446. 

William,  281. 

“  Win.  Sagamore,”  304. 

Williams,  8,  51,  61,  78, 
88,  91,  93,  100,  137, 
154, 157,  165,  203,  210, 
211,  221,  222,  241,  264, 
279,  285,  364,  369,  375, 
382,  387,  400,  416,  421, 
430-432,  440,  442,  444- 
446,  451,  452,  457,  467. 

Willing,  334,  335,  337, 
452. 


INDEX  OF  NAMES 


499 


Willington,  81,  82,  264, 
355,  363,  365,  417-419, 
477. 

Willis,  100,  241,  419, 
420,  448,  457,  458, 464, 
465,  467. 

Williston,  71,  72. 

Willmarth,  427,  463. 

Willoughby,  469. 

Wills,  52,  279,  365. 

Willymachen,  105. 

Willts  (Wills). 

Wilson,  11,  55,  64,  84, 
110,  115, 126, 131-133, 
137,  161,  162, 207,  272, 
273,  276,  284-286,  368, 
374-376,  389,  405,  432, 
435,  437. 

Wilton,  242,  475. 

Winch,  452. 

Winchall,  254,  331,334. 

Winchester,  364. 

Wincoll,  (  297,326,327, 

Winkoll,  j  329,  330, 

331,  334,  476. 

Windam  (Windham). 

Windham,  82,  171,  452. 

Windoome  (Wind¬ 
ham). 

Wing,  83,  114,  277,  350, 
376,  436,  439, 440,  473. 


Winn  (Wing). 

Winnepurkitt,  300. 

Winnock,  314. 

Winship,  171. 

Winslade,  286,  375,  477. 

Winslow,  1,  5, 33, 64, 70, 
73,  76,  87,  91-93,  153, 
179,  182,190-192,  201, 
202,  204,  205,  219,  220, 
222,  226,  263,  291,  347, 
360,  375,  391,  420,429, 
455,  456,  460,  463. 

Winter,  58,  265,  338. 

Winthrop,  7,  8,  17,  88, 
89,  112,  159,  164,  193, 
203, 318,  340,  442,  445, 
464,  465,  467-472. 

Wise,  55,  184,  202. 

Wiseman,  52,  240. 

Wiswall,  84,  100,  448. 

Witham,  326. 

Withe,  171. 

Withington,  162,  281. 

Witt,  450. 

Wittuwamet,  5. 

Witty,  364,  367. 

Wolfe,  58,  339. 

Wood,  53,  58,  102,  133, 
155,  157,170,  172,  207, 
210,  211,  239,  248,  257, 
260,  264,  265,  286,  287, 


359,  360,  371,  374,  376, 
423,  435-437'. 

Woodbridge,  342. 

Woodbury,  )  91,92,137, 

Woodbery,  \  138,197, 
279,  371. 

Woodcock,  48, 51, 65,83, 
84,  153,  159,  160,  161, 
163,  180,  226,  263,  449, 
461. 

Woodhouse,  114,  452. 

Woodin,  207,  416. 

Woodis  (Woodhouse). 

Woodman,  416,  472. 

Woodmancy,  47,  285. 

Woodmott,  (  R, 

Woodnet,  ( 

Woods,  55,  100,  170, 
172,  210,  211,  221,  273, 
355. 

Woodward,  48,  56,  64, 
S3,  132,  154,  156,  165, 
170,  m,  182,  2'- 4, 286, 
358,  368,  373,  375, 416, 
427,  436. 

Woodworth,  428,  464. 

Woody,  100,  452,  473. 

Woolcock  (Welcott). 

Woolly,  452. 

Woolson,  81,  260. 

Woonashum,  31. 


Wooster,  443,  444. 

Wootonekanuske,  24, 
377. 

Wormwood,  314. 

Worthington,  251,  254. 

Wright,  (  59,82,83,100, 

Write,  \  122,130,224, 
225,  239,  248,  251,  254, 
276,  362,  376,  407,  434, 
436,  437,  448,  452, 467. 

W uttasacom  p  o  n  u  m , 
398. 

Wyatt,  355,  356,  358, 
372,  456. 

Wyman,  )  81-83,  183, 

Wiman,  (  192,  256, 

435,  436,  453,  474. 

T. 

Yates,  56,  477. 

Yeames,  210. 

Yeomans,  442,  445. 

York,  446. 

Young,  86, 109,  US,  114, 
126, 139,  154,  155,  157, 
217,  355,  362,  416,  449. 

Youring,  61,  62. 

Z. 

Zachariah,  157. 

Zacharius,  155. 


A. 

Abbigadassit  Fort,  313. 
Abbington,  438,  440. 
Acadia,  133. 

Agawam,  463. 

Albany,  33,  34,  96,  149, 
200,  379. 

Alfred,  178. 

Algiers,  293. 

Amesbury,  249,  251- 

253,  412,  447. 
Amherst,  409,  420,  421. 
Ammoscoggin,  40,  299, 

345. 

Amoskeag  Falls,  425. 
Ando-ver,  156,  167,  344, 
372,  382,  420,  422,  447, 
475. 

Annapolis,  170. 
Arrowsick,  41, 305,  313, 
314. 

Ashfield,  429. 
Assawomset  Pond,  26, 
385,  463. 

Assonett  Neck,  463. 
Athol,  98,  130. 
Attleboro’,  48, 153, 428. 
Auburn,  386. 

Ayer,  53, 123. 

B. 

Backquake  (Paquoig), 
99. 

Barbadoes,  285. 
Barnstable,  350,  438, 
439,  441,  455,  456, 458. 
Barrington,  3,  428. 

Bass  River,  133. 
Bayonne,  479. 

Bedford,  430,  431. 
Beer’s  Hill,  131. 

Beer’s  Plain,  189,  266, 

346. 

Bellingham,  430. 
Bermuda,  19. 
Bernardston,  252. 
Berwick,  297,  311,  320, 
323  412. 

Beverly  ,”'l20,  133,  134, 
167,  370,  406,  407,  420, 
423,  447,  475. 

Bilboa,  479. 

Billerica,  56,  85,  108, 
114,  250,  356,  373,  382, 
434-438,  447,  474. 

“  Billerikye  Bridge,” 
125. 

Birch  Island,  313. 
Black  Point,  41,  42,  62, 
311-313,  320-323,325, 
326,  328,329,  331-333, 
335-339,  345,  356,  453. 
Block  Island,  7,  8,  10, 
19. 

“  Bloody  Brook,”  32, 
67,  135,  136,  139,  189, 
346. 

Blue  Point,  329-331. 


INDEX  OF  PLACES. 


i  Boston,  4,  6,  9,  11,  21- 
24,  27,  29,  33,  34,  37, 

I  40,  41,  47,  48,  50-52, 
54,  55,  58-66,  74,  75, 
77,  79,  82,  84,  87-92, 
94-97,  101,  103,  105, 
106,  108, 109,  115, 117, 
123-125,  128,  129,  134, 

I  138,  146,  147, 149,  153, 
156,  158-160, 169,  173, 
175,  193,  197, 198,  200, 
205,  206,  209, 211,  212, 
215,216,  219,  220,  223, 
226,  228,  232-234,  237, 
239,  244,  245  ,  247-251, 
254-256,  261,  263,  269, 
272,  274,  278-281,  289, 
291-293,  296,  301,  306, 
307,  309-312,  315,  316, 
318,  319, 323,  325,  328- 
335,340,  352,355,  370, 
380,  381,  387,  389,  391, 
394,  396-398,401,  403, 
405,409,410,  417,430, 
431,439,469-472. 

Boxford,  420,  424. 

Bradford,  303,  369,  420, 
424. 

Braintree,  47,  161-163, 
221,  247,  251,  281,  367, 
404,  430,  433,  447,  473. 

Branford,  159. 

\  Bridgewater,  255,  256, 

!  385, 428,  456,  460. 

i  Bristol,  25,  84,  173,279, 
427. 

;  Brookfield,  29-31,  34, 
38,  42,  57,  66,  67,  75, 
97,  98,  101-107,  109- 
123,  127,  128,  131, 133, 
134,  189,  229,  235,  266, 
269,  270,  288,  346,  351, 
352,  357,  378,  386, 400, 
426. 

Brookline,  430,  433, 472. 

Bull’s  Garrison,  74,153. 

Burrillville,  37. 

Butterfield’s  Meadow, 

10. 

Buxton,  413. 

C. 

Cadiz,  469. 

Cambridge,  47,  80,  84, 
106,  117,  124-126,  130, 
132,  156,  169,  171, 172, 
197,  201,  258,  264, 266, 
267,  269,  278,  373,391, 
396,  409,  417, 420,  447, 
472,  474. 

“  Camp  Swamp,”  463. 

Canonicus,  192. 

Canton,  393. 

Cape  Ann,  167. 

Cape  Cod,  1, 198. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  313. 

Cape  Neddick,  322. 

Cape  Newaggen,  476. 


Casco,  61,  271.  305,  319, 
320,  327,  328,  330, 331, 
333,  335,  476. 

Chabonokong  k  o  m  u  n 
(Dudley). 

Charles  River,  3,  4,  24, 
398,  400,  404. 

Charlestown,  22, 37, 47, 
74,  87,  99,  116,  117, 
125,  130, 132,  156, 213, 
228-230,  234,  248,  251, 
264,  267,269,285,  289, 
290, 325,  346, 374,  397, 
417,  418, 448,  472,  474. 

Charlton  (Charles- 
town). 

Chatham,  420,  424. 

Chelmsford,  53,  56,  66, 
67,  99,  108,  114,  115, 
121-126,  128,  214,  279, 
289,  290,  300,  301,315, 
316,  345,  346,  357, 373, 
393,  397,  399,  404, 434, 
448,  474. 

Chestnut  Mountains, 
150. 

Clark’s  Island,  2. 

Coasset,  69. 

Cobbesconte,  263. 

Cocheco  (Dover). 

Colchester,  251-254, 
429. 

Colraine,  252. 

Concord,  57,  67,  76,  84, 
85,  102,  103,  105,  108, 
109,  119,  120, 122,  125, 
171,  214,  223,  227-229, 

231,  253,  261,280,  299, 
346,  352,  354,  355,  373, 
396,  400, 401,  404,  405, 
434,  435,  437,438, 448, 
472,  474. 

Connecticut  River, 6-11 , 
16,  37,  57,  121,  128, 
134,  218,  243,  305, 378, 
386,  399. 

Curaqoa,  61. 

D. 

Damerill  Cove,  476. 

Dartmouth,  29,  30,  49, 

232,  277,  456,  461. 

Dedham,  22,  47,  48,  70, 

74,  82,  152,  153,  162, 
164,  169, 173,  195, 198, 
201,  219,  226,  239,  262, 
279,  281,  289,  359,  368, 
385,  397,  406,  410,  430, 
433,  448,  472,  473,  477. 

Deerfield,  32,  37, 42,  43, 
67-69,  98,  99, 130, 132, 
134,  135,  137,  140,  141, 
143,  148, 150,  210,  236, 
238,  244, 245,  247,  251- 
254,  379  ,  426. 

Deer  Island,  77,  84, 354, 
397-403. 

Desert  (Mount),  60. 


Dighton,  428. 

Dorchester,  4,  9,  11, 18, 
26,  47,  48,  56,  39,  78, 
84,  94.  161-163,  227, 
231,  232,  250,  253,  254, 
256,  262,  281,318,  368, 
389,  397,  404, 430,  432, 
448,  465,  471,  473. 

Douglas,  386. 

Dover,  39-41,  271,  293- 
295,  297,  299,300,  304- 
309,  311,  312,  315-317, 
320,  321,  397,  470. 

Dudley,  104,  268,  287, 
386,  398. 

Dunstable,  175, 262, 316, 
359,  405. 

Dunstan,  298,  326,  331, 
333. 

Durham,  253,  296. 

Duxbury,  183,  218, 219, 
350,  438,  440,  455,  456, 
458. 

E. 

Eastham,  2,  350,  438, 
439,  456,  457,  461. 

Elbows,  251,  254. 

Eliot,  302. 

Enfield,  253,  254,  426. 

Exeter,  181,  296,  308, 
342,  448,  469. 

F. 

Fairfield,  18,  19,  102, 
467. 

j  Fall  River,  3,  460. 

“  Falltown,”  252. 

Falmouth,  40,  169,  271, 
297,  298,  313,  314,  321, 
326,  420,  424. 438,  476. 

;  Farmington,  468. 

“  First  Encounter,”  2. 

|  Flushing,  470. 

I  Fort  Leverett,  93. 

|  Fort  Loyal,  169. 

I  Four  Mile  Brook,  131. 

i  Framingham,  111,  434. 

I  Freetown,  256,  428,476. 

\  Fryeburg,  299. 


!  Glastonbury,  253. 
Gloucester,  156,  167, 
370,  420,  422,  449. 
Goffstown,  425. 
Gorham,  438. 

Grafton,  262,  266,  268, 
270,  280,  285, 287,  393, 
395,  396, 398,  402,  404. 
Great  Island,  475. 

I  Greenfield,  245. 

Green  Hill,  230. 
Greenland,  412. 

|  Green  River,  37,  245- 
247. 

i  Greenwich,  425,  426. 


INDEX  OF  PLACES. 


501 


Groton,  16,  22,  35,  53, 
66,  99,  110,  113-115, 
122-125,  214,  262,  269, 
278,  320,  359,  360,  434, 
474. 

Guilford,  17,  468. 
Gyobseot  Point,  313. 


H- 

Hadaam,  253,  429. 

Hadley,  32,  33,  57,  67- 
70,96, 98, 121, 128-132, 
134,  135,  137, 138, 140, 
142-144,  146, 148,  149, 
151,  152,  214,  236, 237, 
240,  242,  244,  247,  250, 
251-253,  258,  259,  266, 
270,  282,  289, 292,  296, 
351,  361,  426,475. 

Hamilton,  282. 

Hampton,  239,  240, 296, 
336,  342-344, 370,  412, 
449,  476. 

Hardwick,  425. 

Hartford,  10,  11,  20-22, 
41,  120,  128,  132,  135, 
144, 147, 152,  242,  252, 
466-468. 

Hassanamesit  (Graf¬ 
ton). 

Hatfield,  35,  37,  43,  68, 
69,  71,  115,  129,  130, 
139, 143,  144,  148-150, 
152, 236,  237,  241,  243- 
247  ,  250-254,  258,  260, 
261,361,  425,475. 

Haverhill,  214,  308,  343, 
372,  412,413,475. 

Hebron,  429. 

Hingham,  47,  138,  161- 
163,  221,  226,  276,  280, 
281, 283-285,  347,  368, 
382,  407,  433,  449,  472, 
473. 

Hingham  (South),  283, 
430. 

Hippocras,  476. 

Hopkinton,  268,  393, 
398,  404. 

Horseneck,  430. 

Horsmonden,  119. 

Hudson  River,  470. 

Hull,  161,  163,  258,  284, 
368,  430,  433. 

Hunts  town,  425. 


I. 

Indian  Hill,  215. 
Ipswich,  7,  45,  79,  86, 
130, 134,  139,  142, 143, 
149,  156,  201,  214,  229, 
282,  283,  370,  405,412, 
449,  472,  474,  475. 


J. 

Jamaica,  59,  396. 
Jewels  Island,  307. 


K. 

Kennebec,  40-42,  261, 
263,  277,  299,  303-305, 
312,  320,  328,  335,  338, 
345. 

Killingly,  428. 
Killingworth,  470. 
Kingston,  253,  429. 
Kingston  (North),  181. 
Kingston  (South),  33, 
181,  430. 

Kingston  (West),  184. 
Kittery,  298,  303,  320, 
476. 


L. 

Lancaster,  34,  53, 56,  66, 
67,  84,  97,  99, 110, 114, 
120,  121,  123-125, 128, 
209,  214,  220,  244,261, 
262,  270,  351-355,  378, 
385,386,  400,434,474. 
Lebanon,  253,  428,  433. 
Leominster,  355. 
Lexington,  434. 

Leyden,  252. 

Little  Compton,  182, 
427,  461. 

Little  River,  333. 
Littleton,  393,  396,  434. 
London,  341. 

Long  Island,  9, 160, 253, 
403,  470. 

Longmeadow,  35,  99, 
144,  236,  282. 

Lowell,  300,  346,  393. 
Lunenberg,  409. 

Lyme,  266,  272,  468. 
Lynn,  70,  74,  79,  130, 
167,  291,371,406, 420, 
422,  449,  475. 

M. 

Maanexit,  104. 

Mackerel  Cove,  133. 
Magunkog  (Hopkin¬ 
ton). 

Malden,  47,  61,  74,  163, 
251-253,  276,  287,  375, 
417,  420,  449, 474, 477. 
Manchaug,  104. 
Manchester,  430. 
Manhattan,  6,  459,  470. 
Mansfield,  426. 

Maquoit  Bay,  41,  313. 
Marblehead,  68, 74, 130, 
166,  167,  371,  420,421, 
450,  475. 

Marlborough,  34  -  36, 
66-70,  75-77,  85,  94, 
97,  99,  105,  110,  114, 
115,  117,  123,  125,139, 
143, 159,  205-216,  218- 
223,  226-229,  234,  238, 
239,  254,  256,262,  268- 
270,  285,  351,  352,  361, 
381,  382,  393,  396,  400, 
402,  404,  434,  450. 
Marshfield,  30,  35,  87, 
349,  429  ,  455,  456, 

458. 

Marshfield  (East),  422. 
Martha’s  Vineyard, 392. 
Massachusetts  Bay,  4. 
Mattapoisett,  49,  65, 
460. 

McSparran  Hill,  185, 
189. 

Medfield,  34,  53,  54,  84, 
85,  97,  99,  124,  226, 
234,  235,  239,  244,  284, 
347,  362,  369,  401, 404, 
430,  434,  450,  473. 
Medford,  171,  172,  250, 
252,  266,  375,417,  419, 
450. 

|  Menameset,  )  34,104, 
Meminimisset,  \  111, 

112,  128,  235,  349,  352, 
379,  381,  403. 

:  Mendon,  31,  32,  49,  50, 
54,  55,  66,  67,  70,  80, 
81,  105,  106,  120,  128, 
161,  205,  262,  267,  287, 
288?  351,  363. 
Merrimac,  430. 
Merrimac  River,  120, 
214,  229,  261,  290,  307, 
345,  378,  393, 409,  420. 


Methuen,  412. 
Middleborough,  4,  29, 
56,  429. 

Middletown,  159,  252, 
253  429. 

Milford,  183,  202,  420, 
468. 

Miller’s  River,  34. 
Milton,  9,  94,  161-163, 
219,  221,  284,  369,  404, 
430,  432,  450. 

“  Mistick,”  16,  471. 
Monhegan,  476. 

Mount  Hope,  3,  25,  28- 
30,  39,  45,  48,  63-66, 
77,  80,  84,  85,  87,  90, 
91,93,  95,96,  104,128, 
159, 188,  194,  205,  262, 
263,  277,  282,  288,  380, 
386-388,  393-395,  462. 
Mount  Vernon,  420. 

Mt.  Adams,  245. 

“  Muddy-Brook,”  135, 
136,  140. 

Muddy  River,  404. 

Mun joy’s  Island,  61, 
321,  322. 

Muscongus,  61. 

Mystic  River,  4. 

N. 

Namkeake,  404. 
Nantucket,  60,  392. 
Narraganset,  11,  12,16, 
27,  28,  57,  65,  70,  73- 
75,  85,  123,  136,  140, 
152, 154,  156, 158, 159, 
161,  164,  165,173,185, 
189,  190,  195, 196, 199, 
200,  201,  204, 206, 207, 
219,  259,  262,  264,269, 
277,  289,  291,305,343, 
384,  399,407,409,421, 
425. 

Narraganset  Bay,  3, 22, 
24. 

Narraganset,  No.  1 
(Buxton,  Me.),  412, 
413-416. 

Narraganset,  No.  2 
(Westminster,  Mass.), 
409,  417-420. 
Narraganset,  No.  3 
(Amherst,  N.H.)  ,409, 
420—424. 

Narraganset,  No.  4 
(Greenwich,  Mass.), 
425-430,  463. 
Narraganset,  No.  5 
(Bedford,  etc., N.H.), 
430-434. 

Narraganset,  No.  6 
(Templeton,  Mass.), 
435-438. 

Narraganset,  No.  7 
(Gorham, Me.),  438- 
441  464. 

Nashaway,  )  57,  66,262, 
Nashua,  I  270. 
Nashoba  (Littleton). 
Natick,  26,  80,  104,  105, 
267,  268  ,  270,311,344, 
391,  393,  394,396,398, 
404,  405. 

Needham,  430,  433. 
Nemasket,  4,  26. 
Nemeacke,  j  0O 
Naweacke,  \ 
Nequamkeek,  263. 

New  Braintree,  96,  111. 
Newbury,  79,  86,  130, 
136,  139,  156,  206, 249, 
278,  316, 318, 342,  371, 
412,  450,  472,  475. 


New  Haven, 21,  22, 191, 
467,  468. 

Newichewannock,  302, 
476. 

New  London,  199,  202, 
383,  430,434,467,  468. 
New  Netherlands,  168. 
New  Plymouth,  226, 
392. 

Newport,  233,  234,  255, 
256,  385,  430,  434. 

New  Roxbury,  159. 
Newton,  184,  251,  252, 

391,  408,  417,419,  472. 
New  Warwick,  392. 

New  York,  41,  43,  149, 

168,  200,  346,  390, 391. 
Niantick,  31. 

Nipsachick,  31,  462. 

“  Nobscot,”  227. 
Noddle’s  Island,  233, 
234. 

Nonacoicus,  120, 123. 
Nonantum,  391,  404. 
Northampton,  33,  35, 
98,  129,  130,  135,143, 
144,  148-150,  152,235- 
238,  243,  247,  250-253, 
350,  364,  426,  475. 
Northboro,  269. 
Northfield,  32,  96  ,  98, 
121,  129-132,  134-136, 
139,143,  148,  266,  378. 
Norwalk,  468. 

Norwich,  21,  31,  107, 

392,  426,  441,  465, 468. 

O. 

Oborne  (Woburn). 
Ognonikongqua-  1  9n, 
mesit,  3q  ^ 

Okkokonimesit,  ) 
Ossipee,  40,  271,  299, 
303,  310,  320,  323. 
Oxford,  386,  426. 

Oyster  Bay,  470, 

Oyster  River,  296,  297. 

P. 

Pakachoog,  104,  267, 
268,  287,  386. 
Paquatucke,  23. 
Paquayag,  98,  130,  235. 
Patuxit,  3,  192,  204. 
Patuxit  River,  35,  36, 
153. 

Pawcatuck  River,  12, 
23,  262. 

Pawtucket,  3,  299,  346, 
349,  383. 

Pegunkugg  (Deer¬ 
field). 

Peggwakick,  320,  321 
Pemaquid,  40,  41,  43, 
310,  313,  476. 
Pembroke,  429. 
Pennacook,  53,  67,  71, 
123,  294,  295,  300,  301, 
313,  316,  399,  400. 
Penobscot,  40,  299,  301, 
310,  311,  313,  314. 
Pequaket,  272,  303. 
Pequod  Harbor,  9,  10, 
16,  17. 

Pequod  River,  6, 15, 17. 
Pequot  Hill,  16. 
Pesumpscot  River,  412, 
438. 

Petasquamscot,  )  74, 82, 
“Tower  Hill,”  5  153, 

185,  189,  193. 
Piscataqua,  158,  271, 
299,  303,  304,  308, 316, 
327,  328,  338,  345,  385. 


i 


DOES  NOT  CIRCULATE 


DOES  NOT  CIRCULATE 


DOES  NOT  CIRCULATE 


